1
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Reinhard DL, Schmidt A, Sons M, Wolf J, Engelage E, Huber SM. Evaluating the halogen bonding strength of a iodoloisoxazolium(III) salt. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2401-2407. [PMID: 39355855 PMCID: PMC11443664 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diaryliodonium(III) salts have been established as powerful halogen-bond donors in recent years. Herein, a new structural motif for this compound class was developed: iodoloisoxazolium salts, bearing a cyclic five-membered iodolium core fused with an isoxazole ring. A derivative of this class was synthesized and investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Finally, the potential as halogen-bonding activator was benchmarked in solution in the gold-catalyzed cyclization of a propargyl amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik L Reinhard
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc Sons
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Wolf
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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2
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Pérez-Sánchez JC, Herrera RP, Gimeno MC. The Potential of Self-Activating Au(I) Complexes in Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401825. [PMID: 38818661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gold catalysis has emerged as a groundbreaking field in synthetic chemistry, revolutionizing numerous organic transformations. Despite the significant achieved advancements, the mechanistic understanding behind many gold-catalyzed reactions remains elusive. This Concept article covers the so-called "self-activating" Au(I) complexes, sorting out their pivotal role in gold catalysis. We comment on how Au(I) complexes can undergo self-activation, triggering diverse catalytic transformations without the need for external additives. The most important examples reported so far that underlie the catalytic activity of these species are discussed. This intrinsic reactivity represents a paradigm shift in gold catalysis, offering new avenues for the design of efficient and sustainable catalytic systems. Furthermore, we explore the factors influencing the stability, reactivity, and selectivity of these Au(I) complexes, providing insights into their synthetic utility and potential applications. This area of research not only advances our fundamental understanding of gold catalysis but also paves the way for the development of novel catalytic strategies with broad implications in organic synthesis and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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3
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Poole EW, Bustos I, Hood TM, Smart JE, Chaplin AB. Iridium complexes of an ortho-trifluoromethylphenyl substituted PONOP pincer ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1096-1104. [PMID: 36602231 PMCID: PMC9872493 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and iridium coordination chemistry of a new pyridine-based phosphinito pincer ligand 2,6-(ArF2PO)2C5H3N (PONOP-ArF; ArF = 2-(CF3)C6H4) are described, where the P-donors have ortho-trifluoromethylphenyl substituents. The iridium(III) 2,2'-biphenyl (biph) derivative [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)Cl] was obtained by reaction with [Ir(biph)(COD)Cl]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and subsequent halide ion abstraction enabled isolation of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)]+ which features an Ir ← F-C bonding interaction in the solid state. Hydrogenolysis of the biphenyl ligand and formation of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(H)2]+ was achieved by prolonged reaction of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)]+ with dihydrogen. This transformation paved the way for isolation and crystallographic characterisation of low valent iridium derivatives through treatment of the dihydride with tert-butylethylene (TBE). The iridium(I) π-complex [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(TBE)]+ is thermally stable but substitution of TBE can be achieved by reaction with carbon monoxide. The solid-state structure of the mono-carbonyl product [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(CO)]+ is notable for an intermolecular anagostic interaction between the metal centre and a pentane molecule which co-crystallises within a cleft defined by two aryl phosphine substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Itxaso Bustos
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK,Facultad de Química de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)Apdo. 107220080 San SebastiánSpain
| | - Thomas M. Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Jennifer E. Smart
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
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4
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Greiner LC, Arichi N, Inuki S, Ohno H. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp 3 )-H Functionalizations: Divergent Synthesis of Indole[a]- and [b]-Fused Polycycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213653. [PMID: 36255174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phenyl azides substituted by an (alkylphenyl)ethynyl group facilitate benzylic sp3 (C-H) functionalization in the presence of a JohnPhosAu catalyst, resulting in indole-fused tetra- and pentacycles via divergent N- or C-cyclization. The chemoselectivity is influenced depending on the counter-anion, the electron density of the α-imino gold(I) carbene, and the alkyl groups stabilizing the benzylic carbocation originating from a 1,5-hydride shift. An isotopic labeling experiment demonstrates the involvement of an indolylgold(I) species resulting from a tautomerization that is much faster than the deauration. The formation of a benzylic sp3 (C-H) functionalization leading to an indole-fused seven-membered ring is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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5
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Ding Z, Hou A, Fu J, Su H, Cheng M, Lin B, Yang L, Liu Y. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Intramolecular Methoxylation/Double Aldol Condensation Strategy Yielding 2,2′-Spirobi[indene] Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6777-6782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Anbin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Su
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P.R. China
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6
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Garduño JA, Glueck DS, Hernandez RE, Figueroa JS, Rheingold AL. Protonolysis of the [B(Ar F) 4] − Anion Mediated by Nucleophile/Electrophile/Water Cooperativity in a Platinum–PMe 2OH Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Garduño
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - David S. Glueck
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ritchie E. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Osakada K, Nishihara Y. Transmetalation of boronic acids and their derivatives: mechanistic elucidation and relevance to catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:777-796. [PMID: 34951434 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (the cross-coupling reaction of boronic acids with organic halides catalysed by Pd complexes) has been recognised as a useful synthetic organic reaction that forms a C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond. The catalytic cycle of the reaction involves the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. It migrates the aryl and alkenyl groups of boronic acid to Pd and produces a Pd-C bond. Many studies have investigated the mechanism of transmetalation. They elucidated the mechanism of the organometallic reaction and its role as a fundamental step in catalytic reactions. This perspective reviews studies on the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. Emphasis was laid on the structures and chemical properties of the intermediate Pd complexes and the effects of OH- on the pathways of the catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The reactions of arylboronic acids with Rh(I)-OH complexes were investigated, which are relevant to the mechanism of Rh-catalysed addition of aryl boronic acids to enones and aldehydes. Recent studies on the transmetalation of boronic acids with other late transition metals such as Fe(II), Co(I), Pt(II), Au(III), and Au(I) are presented with the related catalytic reactions and their utilisation in the synthesis of aromatic molecules and π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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8
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Pan S, Gorantla SMNVT, Parasar D, Dias HVR, Frenking G. Chemical Bonding in Homoleptic Carbonyl Cations [M{Fe(CO) 5 } 2 ] + (M=Cu, Ag, Au). Chemistry 2021; 27:6936-6944. [PMID: 33534147 PMCID: PMC8252735 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the copper and gold complexes [Cu{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][SbF6 ] and [Au{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][HOB{3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 }3 ] containing the homoleptic carbonyl cations [M{Fe(CO)5 }2 ]+ (M=Cu, Au) are reported. Structural data of the rare, trimetallic Cu2 Fe, Ag2 Fe and Au2 Fe complexes [Cu{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][SbF6 ], [Ag{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][SbF6 ] and [Au{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][HOB{3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 }3 ] are also given. The silver and gold cations [M{Fe(CO)5 }2 ]+ (M=Ag, Au) possess a nearly linear Fe-M-Fe' moiety but the Fe-Cu-Fe' in [Cu{Fe(CO)5 }2 ][SbF6 ] exhibits a significant bending angle of 147° due to the strong interaction with the [SbF6 ]- anion. The Fe(CO)5 ligands adopt a distorted square-pyramidal geometry in the cations [M{Fe(CO)5 }2 ]+ , with the basal CO groups inclined towards M. The geometry optimization with DFT methods of the cations [M{Fe(CO)5 }2 ]+ (M=Cu, Ag, Au) gives equilibrium structures with linear Fe-M-Fe' fragments and D2 symmetry for the copper and silver cations and D4d symmetry for the gold cation. There is nearly free rotation of the Fe(CO)5 ligands around the Fe-M-Fe' axis. The calculated bond dissociation energies for the loss of both Fe(CO)5 ligands from the cations [M{Fe(CO)5 }2 ]+ show the order M=Au (De =137.2 kcal mol-1 )>Cu (De =109.0 kcal mol-1 )>Ag (De =92.4 kcal mol-1 ). The QTAIM analysis shows bond paths and bond critical points for the M-Fe linkage but not between M and the CO ligands. The EDA-NOCV calculations suggest that the [Fe(CO)5 ]→M+ ←[Fe(CO)5 ] donation is significantly stronger than the [Fe(CO)5 ]←M+ →[Fe(CO)5 ] backdonation. Inspection of the pairwise orbital interactions identifies four contributions for the charge donation of the Fe(CO)5 ligands into the vacant (n)s and (n)p AOs of M+ and five components for the backdonation from the occupied (n-1)d AOs of M+ into vacant ligand orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35032MarburgGermany
| | | | - Devaborniny Parasar
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas76019USA
| | - H. V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas76019USA
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße35032MarburgGermany
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9
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Muñoz-Castro A, Wang G, Ponduru TT, Dias HVR. Synthesis and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene-MOEt 2 complexes (M = Cu, Ag, Au). Analysis of solvated auxiliary-ligand free [(NHC)M] + species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1577-1583. [PMID: 33406199 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization and computational analysis of coinage metal-ether complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), SIPr and Et2CAAC. The related water adducts are also included. The [(NHC)M]+(M = Cu, Ag, Au) species show the noteworthy ability to bind Et2O and H2O. This interaction towards Et2O and H2O is partly ascribed to a σ-hole bonding with an almost linear disposition, taking advantage of the enhanced σ-hole potential evaluated for such [(NHC)M]+ species. This enhanced ability is larger than those found for non-covalent interactions involving main group species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - Tharun Teja Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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10
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Bermesheva EV, Nazarov IV, Kataranova KD, Khrychikova AP, Zarezin DP, Melnikova EK, Asachenko AF, Topchiy MA, Rzhevskiy SA, Bermeshev MV. Cocatalyst versus precatalyst impact on the vinyl-addition polymerization of norbornenes with polar groups: looking at the other side of the coin. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymers derived from norbornenes with polar groups are of interest as modular templates and materials for membrane processes and microelectronic applications due to the attractive combination of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Bermesheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Nazarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia D. Kataranova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna P. Khrychikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Danil P. Zarezin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta K. Melnikova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Rzhevskiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Bermeshev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, 29 Leninskiy pr., 119991, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Susukida K, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Matsumae S, Nakanishi K, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Shang R, Barroso-Flores J, Jimenez-Halla JOC. A Digallane Gold Complex with a 12-Electron Auride Center: Synthesis and Computational Studies. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Susukida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Leonardo I. Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Shozo Matsumae
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Engineering and Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Unidad San Cayetano, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km. 14.5, 50200 Toluca de Lerdo, México
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - J. Oscar C. Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Mexico
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12
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Kuo Y, Da Costa RC, Sparkes HA, Haddow MF, Owen GR. Palladium and Platinum Complexes Containing Diphenyl‐2‐(3‐methyl)indolylphosphine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ying Kuo
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol UK
| | | | - Hazel. A. Sparkes
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol UK
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol UK
| | - Gareth R. Owen
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close BS8 1TS Bristol UK
- School of Applied Science University of South Wales CF37 4AT Treforest UK
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13
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Deolka S, Rivada-Wheelaghan O, Aristizábal SL, Fayzullin RR, Pal S, Nozaki K, Khaskin E, Khusnutdinova JR. Metal-metal cooperative bond activation by heterobimetallic alkyl, aryl, and acetylide Pt II/Cu I complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5494-5502. [PMID: 34094076 PMCID: PMC8159365 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the selective formation of heterobimetallic PtII/CuI complexes that demonstrate how facile bond activation processes can be achieved by altering the reactivity of common organoplatinum compounds through their interaction with another metal center. The interaction of the Cu center with the Pt center and with a Pt-bound alkyl group increases the stability of PtMe2 towards undesired rollover cyclometalation. The presence of the CuI center also enables facile transmetalation from an electron-deficient tetraarylborate [B(ArF)4]− anion and mild C–H bond cleavage of a terminal alkyne, which was not observed in the absence of an electrophilic Cu center. The DFT study indicates that the Cu center acts as a binding site for the alkyne substrate, while activating its terminal C–H bond. The selective formation of heterobimetallic PtII/CuI complexes demonstrates how facile bond activation processes can be achieved by altering the reactivity of common organoplatinum compounds through their interaction with another metal center.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Deolka
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Orestes Rivada-Wheelaghan
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Sandra L Aristizábal
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences 8 Arbuzov Street Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Shrinwantu Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
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14
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Dash C, Wang G, Muñoz-Castro A, Ponduru TT, Zacharias AO, Yousufuddin M, Dias HVR. Organic Azide and Auxiliary-Ligand-Free Complexes of Coinage Metals Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2188-2199. [PMID: 31851494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic azide complexes of copper(I) and silver(I), [(SIPr)CuN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(2-Ad)NN][SbF6], [(SIPr)CuN(Cy)NN][SbF6], and [(SIPr)AgN(1-Ad)NN][SbF6] have been synthesized by using Ag[SbF6] and the corresponding organic azides with (SIPr)CuBr and (SIPr)AgCl (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). The copper and silver organic azide complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. Group trends of isoleptic Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I) organic azide complexes are presented on the basis of experimental data and a detailed computational study. The νasym(N3) values of the metal-bound 1-AdNNN in [(SIPr)MN(1-Ad)NN]+ follow the order Ag < Cu < Au. DFT calculations show that gold(I) forms the strongest bond with 1-AdNNN in this series, while silver has the weakest interaction. Furthermore, auxiliary ligand free coinage metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, [(SIPr)M][SbF6], have been synthesized via metathesis reactions of (SIPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) with Ag[SbF6]. X-ray crystal structures of dinuclear [(SIPr)Ag]2[SbF6]2 and [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 are also reported. They show close metallophilic contacts. [(SIPr)Au]2[SbF6]2 reacts with OEt2, SMe2, and CNtBu to afford [(SIPr)Au(OEt2)][SbF6], [(SIPr)Au(SMe2)][SbF6], and [(SIPr)Au(CNtBu)][SbF6] adducts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Dash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Guocang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingenieria , Universidad Autonoma de Chile , El Llano Subercaseaux 2801 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Tharun T Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Adway O Zacharias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
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15
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Axtell JC, Messina MS, Liu JY, Galaktionova D, Schwan J, Porter TM, Savage MD, Wixtrom AI, Rheingold AL, Kubiak CP, Winkler JR, Gray HB, Král P, Alexandrova AN, Spokoyny AM. Photooxidative Generation of Dodecaborate-Based Weakly Coordinating Anions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10516-10526. [PMID: 31247818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active proanions of the type B12(OCH2Ar)12 [Ar = C6F5 (1), 4-CF3C6H4 (2), 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3 (3)] are introduced in the context of an experimental and computational study of the visible-light-initiated polymerization of a family of styrenes. Neutral, air-stable proanions 1-3 were found to initiate styrene polymerization through single-electron oxidation under blue-light irradiation, resulting in polymers with number-average molecular weights (Mn) ranging from ∼6 to 100 kDa. Shorter polymer products were observed in the majority of experiments, except in the case of monomers containing 4-X (X = F, Cl, Br) substituents on the styrene monomer when polymerized in the presence of 1 in CH2Cl2. Only under these specific conditions are longer polymers (>100 kDa) observed, strongly supporting the formulation that reaction conditions significantly modulate the degree of ion pairing between the dodecaborate anion and cationic chain end. This also suggests that 1-3 behave as weakly coordinating anions (WCA) upon one-electron reduction because no incorporation of the cluster-based photoinitiators is observed in the polymeric products analyzed. Overall, this work is a conceptual realization of a single reagent that can serve as a strong photooxidant, subsequently forming a WCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysts, School of Molecular Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | | | - Josef Schwan
- Beckman Institute , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91115 , United States
| | - Tyler M Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Miles D Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Alex I Wixtrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Jay R Winkler
- Beckman Institute , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91115 , United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91115 , United States
| | | | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States.,California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
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16
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Axtell JC, Saleh LMA, Qian EA, Wixtrom AI, Spokoyny AM. Synthesis and Applications of Perfunctionalized Boron Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2333-2350. [PMID: 29465227 PMCID: PMC5985200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Viewpoint describes major advances pertaining to perfunctionalized boron clusters in synthesis and their respective applications. The first portion of this work highlights key synthetic methods, allowing one to access a wide range of polyhedral boranes (B4 and B6-B12 cluster cores) that contain exhaustively functionalized vertices. The second portion of this Viewpoint showcases the historical developments in using these molecules for applications ranging from materials science to medicine. Last, we suggest potential new directions for these clusters as they apply to both synthetic methods and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Liban M. A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Elaine A. Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Alex I. Wixtrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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17
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. The electrophilic aromatic substitution approach to C–H silylation and C–H borylation. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several approaches toward electrophilic C–H silylation of electron-rich arenes are discussed, comprising transition-metal-catalyzed processes as well as Lewis-acid- and Brønsted-acid-induced protocols. These methods differ in the catalytic generation of the silicon electrophile but share proton removal in form of dihydrogen. With slight modifications, these methods are often also applicable to the related electrophilic C–H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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18
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Paisley NR, Lui MW, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Structurally versatile phosphine and amine donors constructed from N-heterocyclic olefin units. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:9860-70. [PMID: 26924395 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the synthesis of hindered N- and P-based donors is presented whereby the strongly electron releasing N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) unit, IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-, (IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH- = [(HCNDipp)2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH](-); Dipp = 3,6-(i)Pr2C6H2) is linked to terminally bound phosphine and amine donors. Preliminary coordination chemistry is presented involving phosphine (IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)PR2 (R = (i)Pr and Ph) and amine (IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)NMe2 ligands and the Lewis acids BH3 and AuCl. Interestingly, (IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)NMe2 binds AuCl through an exocyclic olefin unit, while the softer phosphorus centers in (IPr[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)PR2 coordinate to yield Au-P linkages; thus the reported NHO-based ligands exhibit tunable binding modes to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada.
| | - Melanie W Lui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada.
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada.
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada.
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2 Canada.
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19
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Roy MMD, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Approaching monocoordination at a silver(i) cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:483-486. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of highly electrophilic [(NHC)Ag]+ complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have been prepared which approach the limit of monocoordination for silver(i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
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20
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Ferrer S, Echavarren AM. Role of σ,π-Digold(I) Alkyne Complexes in Reactions of Enynes. Organometallics 2017; 37:781-786. [PMID: 29551852 PMCID: PMC5850095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gold(I)
acetylide and σ,π-digold(I) alkyne complexes
derived from one prototypical 1,6-enyne and from 7-ethynyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene
have been prepared and structurally characterized. Their possible
role in gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerizations has been studied by
experiment and by DFT calculations. Gold(I) acetylides are totally
unproductive complexes in the absence of Brønsted acids. Similarly,
no cyclizations were observed by heating σ,π-digold(I)
alkyne digold(I) at least up to 130 °C. Theoretical studies provide
a rationale for the much lower reactivity of digold species in reactions
of enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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21
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Veenboer RMP, Collado A, Dupuy S, Lebl T, Falivene L, Cavallo L, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Inner-Sphere versus Outer-Sphere Coordination of BF4– in a NHC-Gold(I) Complex. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. P. Veenboer
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Dupuy
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Lebl
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Ziegler MS, Levine DS, Lakshmi KV, Tilley TD. Aryl Group Transfer from Tetraarylborato Anions to an Electrophilic Dicopper(I) Center and Mixed-Valence μ-Aryl Dicopper(I,II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6484-91. [PMID: 27176131 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of discrete, cationic binuclear μ-aryl dicopper complexes [Cu2(μ-η(1):η(1)-Ar)DPFN]X (Ar = C6H5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3, and C6F5; DPFN = 2,7-bis(fluoro-di(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine; X = BAr4(-) and NTf2(-); Tf = SO2CF3) was achieved by treatment of a dicopper complex [Cu2(μ-η(1):η(1)-NCCH3)DPFN]X2 (X = PF6(-) and NTf2(-)) with tetraarylborates. Structural characterization revealed symmetrically bridging aryl groups, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy evidenced the same structure in solution at 24 °C. Electrochemical investigation of the resulting arylcopper complexes uncovered reversible redox events that led to the synthesis and isolation of a rare mixed-valence organocopper complex [Cu2(μ-η(1):η(1)-Ph)DPFN](NTf2)2 in high yield. The solid-state structure of the mixed-valence μ-phenyl complex exhibits inequivalent copper centers, despite a short Cu···Cu distance. Electronic and variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the mixed-valence μ-phenyl complex suggest that the degree of spin localization is temperature-dependent, with a high degree of spin localization observed at lower temperatures. Electronic structure calculations agree with the experimental results and suggest that the spin is localized almost entirely on one metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel S Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Friedel-Crafts-Type Intermolecular C-H Silylation of Electron-Rich Arenes Initiated by Base-Metal Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3204-7. [PMID: 26821860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrophilic aromatic substitution (SE Ar) with a catalytically generated silicon electrophile is reported. Essentially any commercially available base-metal salt acts as an initiator/catalyst when activated with NaBAr(F)4. The thus-generated Lewis acid then promotes the SE Ar of electron-rich arenes with hydrosilanes but not halosilanes. This new C-H silylation was optimized for FeCl2/NaBAr(F)4, affording good yields at catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol %. The procedure is exceedingly straightforward and comes close to typical Friedel-Crafts methods, where no added base is needed to absorb the released protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Durch Nichtedelmetallsalze ausgelöste Friedel-Crafts-artige intermolekulare C-H-Silylierung von elektronenreichen Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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25
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reaktivität von Goldkomplexen in metallorganischen Elementarreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reactivity of Gold Complexes towards Elementary Organometallic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15022-45. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Ranieri B, Escofet I, Echavarren AM. Anatomy of gold catalysts: facts and myths. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7103-18. [PMID: 26055272 PMCID: PMC4479959 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review article covers the main types of gold(i) complexes used as precatalysts under homogeneous conditions in organic synthesis and discusses the different ways of catalyst activation as well as ligand, silver, and anion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ranieri
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Imma Escofet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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28
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Izquierdo F, Manzini S, Nolan SP. The use of the sterically demanding IPr* and related ligands in catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14926-37. [PMID: 25155373 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This account highlights the synthesis and applications of one of the very bulky NHC ligands, IPr* (1,3-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazo-2-ylidene). This ligand and some of its derivatives have been found very effective in several catalytic applications and have enabled the isolation of highly reactive organometallic complexes. More specifically, applications of this ligand in Pd and Ni chemistry have permitted challenging transformations under mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. We report the successes as well as the limitations encountered using transition-metal systems bearing this ligand-type. This report will hopefully serve as a guide to synthetic chemists, providing insights as to when the very sterically demanding IPr* ligand (and its congeners) and in a broader context, very bulky NHC ligands, should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Izquierdo
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST UK.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiang Jia
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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30
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Brill M, Collado A, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Vogt M, Grützmacher H, Nolan SP. Synthesis and Characterization of Gold(I) Complexes of Dibenzotropylidene-Functionalized NHC Ligands (Trop-NHCs). Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501093s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Brill
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alba Collado
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | | | - Matthias Vogt
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Straße 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Straße 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Rekhroukh F, Brousses R, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Cationic Gold(III) Alkyl Complexes: Generation, Trapping, and Insertion of Norbornene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Rekhroukh F, Brousses R, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Cationic Gold(III) Alkyl Complexes: Generation, Trapping, and Insertion of Norbornene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1266-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Browne AR, Deligonul N, Anderson BL, Rheingold AL, Gray TG. Geminally Diaurated Aryls Bridged by Semirigid Phosphine Pillars: Syntheses and Electronic Structure. Chemistry 2014; 20:17552-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Phillips N, Dodson T, Tirfoin R, Bates JI, Aldridge S. Expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes for the stabilization of highly electrophilic gold(I) cations. Chemistry 2014; 20:16721-31. [PMID: 25336057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for the synthesis of highly electrophilic Au(I) complexes from either hydride- or chloride-containing precursors have been investigated by employing sterically encumbered Dipp-substituted expanded-ring NHCs (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ). Thus, complexes of the type (NHC)AuH have been synthesised (for NHC=6-Dipp or 7-Dipp) and shown to feature significantly more electron-rich hydrides than those based on ancillary imidazolylidene donors. This finding is consistent with the stronger σ-donor character of these NHCs, and allows for protonation of the hydride ligand. Such chemistry leads to the loss of dihydrogen and to the trapping of the [(NHC)Au](+) fragment within a dinuclear gold cation containing a bridging hydride. Activation of the hydride ligand in (NHC)AuH by B(C6 F5 )3 , by contrast, generates a species (at low temperatures) featuring a [HB(C6 F5 )3 ](-) fragment with spectroscopic signatures similar to the "free" borate anion. Subsequent rearrangement involves BC bond cleavage and aryl transfer to the carbophilic metal centre. Under halide abstraction conditions utilizing Na[BAr(f) 4 ] (Ar(f) =C6 H3 (CF3 )2 -3,5), systems of the type [(NHC)AuCl] (NHC=6-Dipp or 7-Dipp) generate dinuclear complexes [{(NHC)Au}2 (μ-Cl)](+) that are still electrophilic enough at gold to induce aryl abstraction from the [BAr(f) 4 ](-) counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Phillips
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR (UK)
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35
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Hansmann MM, Rominger F, Boone MP, Stephan DW, Hashmi ASK. Reactivity of Organogold Compounds with B(C6F5)3: Gold–Boron Transmetalation via σ-B/π-Au Species. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5006885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Boone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Halter DP, La Pierre HS, Heinemann FW, Meyer K. Uranium(IV) halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) monoarene complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8418-24. [PMID: 25083750 DOI: 10.1021/ic501011p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of four nearly isostructural uranium(IV) monoarene complexes, supported by the arene anchored tris(aryloxide) chelate, [((Ad,Me)ArO)3mes](3-), are reported. Oxidation of the uranium(III) precursor [(((Ad,Me)ArO)3mes)U], 1, in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in THF coordination and distortion of the equatorial coordination sphere to afford the uranium(IV) η(6)-arene complexes, [(((Ad,Me)ArO)3mes)U(X)(THF)], 2-X-THF, (where X = F, Cl, Br, or I) as their THF adducts. The solvate-free trigonally ligated [(((Ad,Me)ArO)3mes)U(F)], 2-F, was prepared and isolated in the absence of coordinating solvents for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik P Halter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Abadie MA, Trivelli X, Medina F, Capet F, Roussel P, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Michon C. Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes in Mild and Wet Conditions-Structure and Reactivity of Cationic Binuclear Gold(I) Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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38
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Hussong MW, Rominger F, Krämer P, Straub BF. Isolierung eines nicht-Heteroatom-stabilisierten Goldcarbens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Hussong MW, Rominger F, Krämer P, Straub BF. Isolation of a Non-Heteroatom-Stabilized Gold-Carbene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9372-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Fang W, Presset M, Guérinot A, Bour C, Bezzenine-Lafollée S, Gandon V. Silver-free two-component approach in gold catalysis: activation of [LAuCl] complexes with derivatives of copper, zinc, indium, bismuth, and other Lewis acids. Chemistry 2014; 20:5439-46. [PMID: 24644066 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of type [LAuCl] (L = phosphine, phosphite, NHC and others) are widely employed in homogeneous catalysis, however, they are usually inactive as such and must be used jointly with a halide scavenger. To date, this role has mostly been entrusted to silver salts (AgSbF6 , AgPF6, AgBF4, AgOTf, etc.). However, silver salts can be the source of deactivation processes or side reactions, so it is sometimes advisable to use silver-free cationic gold complexes, which can be difficult to synthesize and to handle compared with the more robust chloride. We show in this study that various Lewis acids of the transition and main group metal families are expedient substitutes to silver salts. We have tested Cu(I), Cu(II), Zn(II), In(III), Si(IV), Bi(III), and other salts in a variety of typical Au(I)-catalyzed transformations, and the results have revealed that [LAuCl] can form active species in their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Fang
- ICMMO (UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France), Fax: (+33) 169-154-747
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41
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Bour C, Monot J, Tang S, Guillot R, Farjon J, Gandon V. Structure, Stability, and Catalytic Activity of Fluorine-Bridged Complexes IPr·GaCl2(μ-F)EFn–1 (EFn– = SbF6–, PF6–, or BF4–). Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4012054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bour
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Julien Monot
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Shun Tang
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- ICMMO
(UMR CNRS 8182), LabEx CHARMMMAT, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- ICSN-CNRS, Bat 27-1
avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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42
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Homs A, Obradors C, Lebœuf D, Echavarren AM. Dissecting Anion Effects in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cycloadditions. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:221-228. [PMID: 26190958 PMCID: PMC4498468 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
From a series of gold complexes of the type [t-BuXPhosAu(MeCN)]X (X=anion), the best results in intermolecular gold(I)-catalyzed reactions are obtained with the complex with the bulky and soft anion BAr4F- [BAr4F-=3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate] improving the original protocols by 10-30% yield. A kinetic study on the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkynes with alkenes is consistent with an scenario in which the rate-determining step is the ligand exchange to generate the (η2-phenylacetylene)gold(I) complex. We have studied in detail the subtle differences that can be attributed to the anion in this formation, which result in a substantial decrease in the formation of unproductive σ,π-(alkyne)digold(I) complexes by destabilizing the conjugated acid formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Homs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona, Spain, ; e-mail:
| | - Carla Obradors
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona, Spain, ; e-mail:
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona, Spain, ; e-mail:
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona, Spain, ; e-mail: ; Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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43
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Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arylsilanes and arenes: origin of selectivity and improved precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:254-64. [PMID: 24367895 DOI: 10.1021/ja408712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of gold-catalyzed coupling of arenes with aryltrimethylsilanes has been investigated, employing an improved precatalyst (thtAuBr3) to facilitate kinetic analysis. In combination with linear free-energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, and stoichiometric experiments, the data support a mechanism involving an Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle in which sequential electrophilic aromatic substitution of the arylsilane and the arene by Au(III) precedes product-forming reductive elimination and subsequent cycle-closing reoxidation of the metal. Despite the fundamental mechanistic similarities between the two auration events, high selectivity is observed for heterocoupling (C-Si then C-H auration) over homocoupling of either the arylsilane or the arene (C-Si then C-Si, or C-H then C-H auration); this chemoselectivity originates from differences in the product-determining elementary steps of each electrophilic substitution. The turnover-limiting step of the reaction involves associative substitution en route to an arene π-complex. The ramifications of this insight for implementation of the methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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44
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Joost M, Gualco P, Coppel Y, Miqueu K, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Joost M, Gualco P, Coppel Y, Miqueu K, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:747-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Homs A, Escofet I, Echavarren AM. On the silver effect and the formation of chloride-bridged digold complexes. Org Lett 2013; 15:5782-5. [PMID: 24195441 PMCID: PMC3833279 DOI: 10.1021/ol402825v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstraction of chloride anion from Au(I) complexes such as JohnPhosAuCl in noncoordinating solvents with 1 equiv of a silver salt, or even larger amounts, leads to the formation of chloride-bridged dinuclear gold(I) complexes, irrespective of the counteranion, which are substantially less reactive as catalysts. This incomplete removal of chloride ligand could lead to false negative results when using the in situ generation of the gold(I) active species by silver-promoted chloride abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Homs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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47
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Pike SD, Weller AS. C-Cl activation of the weakly coordinating anion [B(3,5-Cl2C6H3)4]- at a Rh(I) centre in solution and the solid-state. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12832-5. [PMID: 23884210 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of H2 to [Rh((i)Bu2PCH2CH2P(i)Bu2)(NBD)][BAr(Cl)4] (NBD = norbornadiene, Ar(Cl) = 3,5-Cl2C6H3) in the solid-state results in the rapid formation of zwitterionic [Rh((i)Bu2PCH2CH2P(i)Bu2){(η(6)-C6H3Cl2)BAr(Cl)3}] by a gas/solid reaction. This undergoes slow C-Cl bond cleavage in the solid-state to ultimately afford the dimeric Rh(III) complex [RhCl((i)Bu2PCH2CH2P(i)Bu2){C6H3Cl(BAr(Cl)3)}]2. This reactivity is mirrored in solution (CH2Cl2). Kinetic data for the C-Cl activation in both the solid-state and solution are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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48
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Weber SG, Zahner D, Rominger F, Straub BF. Mechanistic Investigations of a Stable, Highly Active, Extremely Sterically Shielded Molecular Gold Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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