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Iemhoff A, Vennewald M, Palkovits R. Single-Atom Catalysts on Covalent Triazine Frameworks: at the Crossroad between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212015. [PMID: 36108176 PMCID: PMC10108136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous single-site and single-atom catalysts potentially enable combining the high catalytic activity and selectivity of molecular catalysts with the easy continuous operation and recycling of solid catalysts. In recent years, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) found increasing attention as support materials for particulate and isolated metal species. Bearing a high fraction of nitrogen sites, they allow coordinating molecular metal species and stabilizing particulate metal species, respectively. Dependent on synthesis method and pretreatment of CTFs, materials resembling well-defined highly crosslinked polymers or materials comparable to structurally ill-defined nitrogen-containing carbons result. Accordingly, CTFs serve as model systems elucidating the interaction of single-site, single-atom and particulate metal species with such supports. Factors influencing the transition between molecular and particulate systems are discussed to allow deriving tailored catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Iemhoff
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Vennewald
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Martin J, Melke J, Njel C, Schökel A, Büttner J, Fischer A. Electrochemical Stability of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on
N
‐Doped Hydrothermal Carbon Aerogels as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Martin
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Julia Melke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials – Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Department Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Alexander Schökel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22608 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jan Büttner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC) University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
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3
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Chen Z, Jaworski A, Chen J, Budnyak TM, Szewczyk I, Rokicińska A, Dronskowski R, Hedin N, Kuśtrowski P, Slabon A. Graphitic nitrogen in carbon catalysts is important for the reduction of nitrite as revealed by naturally abundant 15N NMR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6857-6866. [PMID: 33912887 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon is considered as a green functional material, but the structural determination of the atomic positions of nitrogen remains challenging. We recently demonstrated that directly-excited solid state 15N NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the determination of such positions in N-doped carbon at natural 15N isotope abundance. Here we report a green chemistry approach for the synthesis of N-doped carbon using cellulose as a precursor, and a study of the catalytic properties and atomic structures of the related catalyst. N-doped carbon (NH3) was obtained by the oxidation of cellulose with HNO3 followed by ammonolysis at 800 °C. It had a N content of 6.5 wt% and a surface area of 557 m2 g-1, and 15N ssNMR spectroscopy provided evidence for graphitic nitrogen besides regular pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen. This structural determination allowed probing the role of graphitic nitrogen in electrocatalytic reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and nitrite reduction reaction. The N-doped carbon catalyst (NH3) showed higher electrocatalytic activities in the OER and HER under alkaline conditions and higher activity for nitrite reduction, as compared with a catalyst prepared by the carbonization of HNO3-treated cellulose in N2. The electrocatalytic selectivity for nitrite reduction of the N-doped carbon catalyst (NH3) was directly related to the graphitic nitrogen functions. Complementary structural analyses by means of 13C and 1H ssNMR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and low-temperature N2 adsorption were performed and provided support to the findings. The results show that directly-excited 15N ssNMR spectroscopy at natural 15N abundance is generally capable of providing information on N-doped carbon materials if relaxation properties are favorable. It is expected that this approach can be applied to a wide range of solids with an intermediate concentration of N atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tetyana M Budnyak
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ireneusz Szewczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Rokicińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Blvd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Piotr Kuśtrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Adam Slabon
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Bilke M, Zimmermann T, Schüth F. Iodine-Catalyzed Selective Functionalization of Ethane in Oleum: Toward a Direct Process for the Production of Ethylene Glycol from Shale Gas. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21712-21719. [PMID: 33346654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct valorization of ethane, a substantial component of shale gas deposits, at mild conditions remains a significant challenge, both from an industrial and an academic point of view. Herein, we report iodine as an efficient and selective catalyst for the functionalization of ethane in oleum at low temperatures and pressures. A thorough study of relevant reaction parameters revealed iodine to be remarkably more active than the previously reported "Periana/Catalytica" catalyst under optimized conditions. As a result of a fundamentally different catalytic cycle, iodine yields the bis-bisulfate ester of ethylene glycol (HO3SO-CH2-CH2-OSO3H, EBS), whereas for state-of-the-art platinum-based catalysts ethionic acid (HO3S-CH2-CH2-OSO3H, ETA) is obtained as the main product. Our findings open up an attractive route for the direct conversion of ethane toward ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bilke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Zimmermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Liquid-phase selective oxidation of methane into methane oxygenates, including methanol and formic acid, with molecular oxygen was investigated using Fe-zeolites and Pd/activated carbon in the presence of molecular hydrogen as a reducing agent. Various Fe-zeolites such as Fe-ZSM-5, Fe-mordenite, Fe-β, Fe-Y, and Fe-ferrierite were prepared by ion-exchange and compared for this reaction. Among them, Fe-ZSM-5 was selected for further study because this catalyst showed high activity in the selective oxidation of methane with relatively less leaching. Further, the effect of reaction temperature, pH, and the amount of catalyst was examined, and detailed investigations revealed that the leached Fe species, which were facilitated in the presence of acid, were mainly responsible for methane oxidation under the given reaction conditions.
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6
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Zhao W, Jiao Y, Li J, Wu L, Xie A, Dong W. One-pot synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers loaded with superfine nano-palladium and their micropore-confinement effect on heterogeneously catalytic reduction. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Braglia L, Borfecchia E, Lomachenko KA, Bugaev AL, Guda AA, Soldatov AV, Bleken BTL, Øien-Ødegaard S, Olsbye U, Lillerud KP, Bordiga S, Agostini G, Manzoli M, Lamberti C. Tuning Pt and Cu sites population inside functionalized UiO-67 MOF by controlling activation conditions. Faraday Discuss 2019. [PMID: 28621776 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional thermal and chemical stability of the UiO-66, -67 and -68 classes of isostructural MOFs [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 13850] makes them ideal materials for functionalization purposes aimed at introducing active centres for potential application in heterogeneous catalysis. We previously demonstrated that a small fraction (up to 10%) of the linkers in the UiO-67 MOF can be replaced by bipyridine-dicarboxylate (bpydc) moieties exhibiting metal-chelating ability and enabling the grafting of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) ions in the MOF framework [Chem. Mater., 2015, 27, 1042] upon interaction with PtCl2 or PtCl4 precursors. Herein we extend this functionalization approach in two directions. First, we show that by controlling the activation of the UiO-67-Pt we can move from a material hosting isolated Pt(ii) sites anchored to the MOF framework with Pt(ii) exhibiting two coordination vacancies (potentially interesting for C-H bond activation) to the formation of very small Pt nanoparticles hosted inside the MOF cavities (potentially interesting for hydrogenation reactions). The second direction consists of the extension of the approach to the insertion of Cu(ii), obtained via interaction with CuCl2, and exhibiting interesting redox properties. All materials have been characterized by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Pt L3- and Cu K-edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Braglia
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSRM Reference Centre, University of Turin, via Quarello 15A, I-10135 Turin, Italy
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8
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Ahmad YH, Mohamed AT, Mahmoud KA, Aljaber AS, Al-Qaradawi SY. Natural clay-supported palladium catalysts for methane oxidation reaction: effect of alloying. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32928-32935. [PMID: 35529723 PMCID: PMC9073133 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-supported halloysite nanotubes revealed outstanding catalytic activity towards catalytic methane oxidation especially PdNi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia H. Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- College of Arts and Sciences
- Qatar University
- Doha 2713
- Qatar
| | - Assem T. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- College of Arts and Sciences
- Qatar University
- Doha 2713
- Qatar
| | - Khaled A. Mahmoud
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI)
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)
- Doha 5825
- Qatar
| | - Amina S. Aljaber
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- College of Arts and Sciences
- Qatar University
- Doha 2713
- Qatar
| | - Siham Y. Al-Qaradawi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences
- College of Arts and Sciences
- Qatar University
- Doha 2713
- Qatar
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9
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Dang HT, Lee HW, Lee J, Choo H, Hong SH, Cheong M, Lee H. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of (DMSO)2PtCl2 for the Methane Oxidation in the SO3–H2SO4 System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Tran Dang
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minserk Cheong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zimmermann T, Bilke M, Soorholtz M, Schüth F. Influence of Catalyst Concentration on Activity and Selectivity in Selective Methane Oxidation with Platinum Compounds in Sulfuric Acid and Oleum. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zimmermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marius Bilke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mario Soorholtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Covalent Triazine-based Frameworks-Tailor-made Catalysts and Catalyst Supports for Molecular and Nanoparticulate Species. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Artz J, Delidovich I, Pilaski M, Niemeier J, Kübber BM, Rahimi K, Palkovits R. Sulfonated covalent triazine-based frameworks as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22392-22401. [PMID: 35539753 PMCID: PMC9081118 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) were synthesized in large scale from various monomers. The materials were post-synthetically modified with acid functionalities via gas-phase sulfonation. Acid capacities of up to 0.83 mmol g−1 at sulfonation degrees of up to 10.7 mol% were achieved. Sulfonated CTFs exhibit high specific surface area and porosity as well as excellent thermal stability under aerobic conditions (>300 °C). Successful functionalization was verified investigating catalytic activity in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose at 150 °C in H2O. Catalytic activity is mostly affected by porosity, indicating that mesoporosity is beneficial for hydrolysis of cellobiose. Like other sulfonated materials, S-CTFs show low stability under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Recycling of the catalyst is challenging and significant amounts of sulfur leached out of the materials. Nevertheless, gas-phase sulfonation opens a path to tailored solid acids for application in various reactions. S-CTFs form the basis for multi-functional catalysts, containing basic coordination sites for metal catalysts, tunable structural parameters and surface acidity within one sole system. Novel post-synthetically sulfonated covalent triazine-based frameworks (S-CTFs) enable selective hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose at rather high substrate-to-catalyst weight ratios.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Artz
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Irina Delidovich
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Moritz Pilaski
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Johannes Niemeier
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Britta Maria Kübber
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstr. 50
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 2
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
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13
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Zuo H, Meynen V, Klemm E. Selective Oxidation of Methane with Hydrogen Peroxide Towards Formic Acid in a Micro Fixed-Bed Reactor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201600174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Zuo
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Chemical Technology; Faculty of Chemistry; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Vera Meynen
- University of Antwerp; Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Elias Klemm
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Chemical Technology; Faculty of Chemistry; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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14
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Church TL, Jasso-Salcedo AB, Björnerbäck F, Hedin N. Sustainability of microporous polymers and their applications. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Tomkins P, Ranocchiari M, van Bokhoven JA. Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol under Mild Conditions over Cu-Zeolites and beyond. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:418-425. [PMID: 28151649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years methane has become increasingly abundant. However, transportation costs are high and methane recovered as side product is often flared rather than valorized. The chemical utilization of methane is highly challenging and currently mainly based on the cost-intensive production of synthesis gas and its conversion. Alternative routes have been discovered in academia, though high temperatures are mostly required. However, the direct conversion of methane to methanol is an exception. It can already be carried out at comparably low temperatures. It is challenging that methanol is more prone to oxidation than methane, which makes high selectivities at moderate conversions difficult to reach. Decades of research for the direct reaction of methane and oxygen did not yield a satisfactory solution for the direct partial oxidation toward methanol. When changing the oxidant from oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, high selectivities can be reached at rather low conversions, but the cost of hydrogen peroxide is comparably high. However, major advancements in the field were introduced by converting methane to a more stable methanol precursor. Most notable is the conversion of methane to methyl bisulfate in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The reaction is carried out in 102% sulfuric acid using SO3 as the oxidant. This allows for oxidation of the platinum catalyst and prevents the in situ hydrolysis of methyl bisulfate toward the less stable methanol. With a slightly different motif, the stepped conversion of methane to methanol over copper-zeolites was developed a decade ago. The copper-zeolite is first activated in oxygen at 450 °C, and then cooled to 200 °C and reacts with methane in the absence of oxygen, thus protecting a methanol precursor from overoxidation. Subsequently methanol can be extracted with water. Several active copper-zeolites were found, and the active sites were identified and discussed. For a long time, the process was almost unchanged. Lately, we implemented online steam extraction rather than off-line extraction with liquid water, which enables execution of successive cycles. While recently we reported the isothermal conversion by employing higher methane pressures, carrying out the process according to prior art only yielded neglectable amounts of methane. Using a pressure <40 bar methane gave higher yields under isothermal conditions at 200 °C than most yields in prior reports. The yield, both after high temperature activation and under isothermal conditions at 200 °C, increased monotonously with the pressure. With this account we show that the trend can be represented by a Langmuir model. Thus, the pressure dependence is governed by methane adsorption. We show that the isothermal and the high temperature activated processes have different properties and should be treated independently, from both an experimental and a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tomkins
- ETH
Zurich, Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- ETH
Zurich, Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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16
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Kondratenko EV, Peppel T, Seeburg D, Kondratenko VA, Kalevaru N, Martin A, Wohlrab S. Methane conversion into different hydrocarbons or oxygenates: current status and future perspectives in catalyst development and reactor operation. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights recent developments in methane conversion into different hydrocarbons and C1-oxygenates. Our analysis identified possible directions for further research to bring the above approaches to a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Peppel
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Dominik Seeburg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Narayana Kalevaru
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Andreas Martin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlrab
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- D-18059 Rostock
- Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Labinger
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Zimmermann T, Soorholtz M, Bilke M, Schüth F. Selective Methane Oxidation Catalyzed by Platinum Salts in Oleum at Turnover Frequencies of Large-Scale Industrial Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12395-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zimmermann
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Mario Soorholtz
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Marius Bilke
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Plank-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim
an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
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19
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Xu J, Armstrong RD, Shaw G, Dummer NF, Freakley SJ, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Continuous selective oxidation of methane to methanol over Cu- and Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts in a flow reactor. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Olivos-Suarez AI, Szécsényi À, Hensen EJM, Ruiz-Martinez J, Pidko EA, Gascon J. Strategies for the Direct Catalytic Valorization of Methane Using Heterogeneous Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma I. Olivos-Suarez
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Àgnes Szécsényi
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Ruiz-Martinez
- AkzoNobel - Supply Chain, Research & Development, Process Technology SRG, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry group, Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Gascon
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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21
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Soorholtz M, Jones LC, Samuelis D, Weidenthaler C, White RJ, Titirici MM, Cullen DA, Zimmermann T, Antonietti M, Maier J, Palkovits R, Chmelka BF, Schüth F. Local Platinum Environments in a Solid Analogue of the Molecular Periana Catalyst. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soorholtz
- Max-Plank-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an
der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
| | - Louis C. Jones
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Dominik Samuelis
- Max Planck
Institute
for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, D-70569, Germany
| | | | - Robin J. White
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | | | - David A. Cullen
- Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tobias Zimmermann
- Max-Plank-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an
der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, D-14476, Germany
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck
Institute
for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, D-70569, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Max-Plank-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an
der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52074, Germany
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Plank-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an
der Ruhr, D-45470, Germany
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22
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Li M, Xu F, Li H, Wang Y. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials: promising catalysts or catalyst supports for heterogeneous hydrogenation and oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00544f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel and efficient catalysts is a critical step in common heterogeneous hydrogenation and oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
| | - Fan Xu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
| | - Haoran Li
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
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23
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Kakekhani A, Ismail-Beigi S. Polarization-driven catalysis via ferroelectric oxide surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19676-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric polarization can tune the surface chemistry: enhancing technologically important catalytic reactions such as NOx direct decomposition and SO2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Physics
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP)
| | - Sohrab Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Physics
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
- Center for Research on Interface Structure and Phenomena (CRISP)
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24
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Artz J, Palkovits R. Base-Free Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Covalent Triazine Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3832-3838. [PMID: 26482331 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The base-free aqueous-phase oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxilic acid (FDCA) was performed at 140 °C and 20 bar of synthetic air as the oxidant. Ru clusters supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) enabled superior conversion (99.9%) and FDCA yields in comparison to other support materials such as activated carbon and γ-Al2O3 after only 1 h. The properties of the CTFs such as pore volume, specific surface area, and polarity could be tuned by using different monomers. These material properties influence the catalytic activity of Ru/CTF significantly as mesoporous CTFs showed superior activity compared to microporous materials, whereas high polarities provide further beneficial effects. The recyclability of the prepared Ru/CTF catalysts was comparable to that of Ru/C at high conversions and product yields. Nevertheless, minor deactivation in five successive recycling experiments was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Artz
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Alvarez LX, Sorokin AB. Mild oxidation of ethane to acetic acid by H2O2 catalyzed by supported μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanines. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Zhang P, Zhu H, Dai S. Porous Carbon Supports: Recent Advances with Various Morphologies and Compositions. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Single-site trinuclear copper oxygen clusters in mordenite for selective conversion of methane to methanol. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7546. [PMID: 26109507 PMCID: PMC4491810 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-exchanged zeolites with mordenite structure mimic the nuclearity and reactivity of active sites in particulate methane monooxygenase, which are enzymes able to selectively oxidize methane to methanol. Here we show that the mordenite micropores provide a perfect confined environment for the highly selective stabilization of trinuclear copper-oxo clusters that exhibit a high reactivity towards activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds in methane and its subsequent transformation to methanol. The similarity with the enzymatic systems is also implied from the similarity of the reversible rearrangements of the trinuclear clusters occurring during the selective transformations of methane along the reaction path towards methanol, in both the enzyme system and copper-exchanged mordenite. Copper-exchanged zeolites with mordenite structure can mimic the active sites in particulate methane monooxygenase. Here, the authors show that mordenite micropores can stabilize trinuclear copper-oxo clusters that exhibit a high reactivity towards activation of carbon–hydrogen bonds in methane.
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28
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White RJ. The Search for Functional Porous Carbons from Sustainable Precursors. POROUS CARBON MATERIALS FROM SUSTAINABLE PRECURSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622277-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of carbon-based porous materials perhaps represents one of the most adaptable areas of materials science research. These materials are ubiquitous with the current energy and chemical production infrastructure and as will be highlighted in this book will be absolutely critical in technology development associated with green, sustainable energy/chemical provision (e.g. electricity generation and storage; the Methanol Economy, Biorefinery, etc.) and environmental science (e.g. purification/remediation, gas sorption, etc.). However, alongside these environmental and sustainable provision schemes, there will also be a concurrent need to produce and develop more sustainable porous carbon materials (e.g. microporous, mesoporous, carbon aerogels, etc.). This is particularly relevant when considering the whole life cycle of a product (i.e. from precursor “cradle” to “green” manufacturing and the product end-of-life “grave”). In this regard, carbon materials scientists can take their inspiration from nature and look to the products of natural photosynthetic carbon cycles (e.g. glucose, polysaccharides, lignocellulosics, etc.) as potential precursors in the synthesis of applicable porous carbon materials. If such synthetic strategies are coupled with simpler, lower-energy synthetic processes, then materials production (e.g. the separation media) can in turn contribute to the reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions or the use of toxic elements. These are crucial parameters to be considered in sustainable materials manufacturing. Furthermore, these materials must present useful, beneficial (and preferably tuneable) physicochemical and porous properties, which are least comparable and ideally better than carbon materials (e.g. carbon aerogels, activated carbons, etc.) synthesised via more energy-intensive and less-sustainable pathways. This introductory chapter introduces these concepts and provides the basis for the following book which will provide an introduction and discussion of the possible synthetic pathways to the production of applicable porous carbon materials from sustainable precursors and practices. Furthermore, throughout this book, the application of these exciting sustainable carbon-based materials in the increasingly important field of sustainable chemical and energy provision will be introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. White
- Universität Freiburg FMF - Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie FMF - Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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29
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Tailoring of porous and nitrogen-rich carbons derived from hydrochar for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Artz J, Mallmann S, Palkovits R. Selective aerobic oxidation of HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran on covalent triazine frameworks-supported Ru catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:672-679. [PMID: 25586312 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The selective aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran has been performed under mild conditions at 80 °C and 20 bar of synthetic air in methyl t-butyl ether. Ru clusters supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) allowed excellent selectivity and superior catalytic activity compared to other support materials such as activated carbon, γ-Al2 O3 , hydrotalcite, or MgO. CTFs with varying pore size, specific surface area, and N content could be prepared from different monomers. The structural properties of the CTF materials influence the catalytic activity of Ru/CTF significantly in the aerobic oxidation of HMF, which emphasizes the superior activity of mesoporous CTFs. Recycling of the catalysts is challenging, but promising methods to maintain high catalytic activity were developed that facilitate only minor deactivation in five consecutive recycling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Artz
- Chair of Heterogeneous Catalysis & Chemical Technology, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
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31
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Titirici MM, White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Su DS, del Monte F, Clark JH, MacLachlan MJ. Sustainable carbon materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:250-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based structures are the most versatile materials used in the modern nanotechnology. Therefore there is a need to develop increasingly more sustainable variants of carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J. White
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies
- D-14467 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Nicolas Brun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier
- UMR 5253
- CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1
- Université Montpellier 2
- 34095 Montpellier
| | - Vitaliy L. Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | | | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- The University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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32
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Bagheri S, Muhd Julkapli N, Bee Abd Hamid S. Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Biomass for Photocatalysis Applications Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2015; 2015:1-30. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/218743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This review highlighted the developments of safe, effective, economic, and environmental friendly catalytic technologies to transform lignocellulosic biomass into the activated carbon (AC). In the photocatalysis applications, this AC can further be used as a support material. The limits of AC productions raised by energy assumption and product selectivity have been uplifted to develop sustainable carbon of the synthesis process, where catalytic conversion is accounted. The catalytic treatment corresponding to mild condition provided a bulk, mesoporous, and nanostructure AC materials. These characteristics of AC materials are necessary for the low energy and efficient photocatalytic system. Due to the excellent oxidizing characteristics, cheapness, and long-term stability, semiconductor materials have been used immensely in photocatalytic reactors. However, in practical, such conductors lead to problems with the separation steps and loss of photocatalytic activity. Therefore, proper attention has been given to develop supported semiconductor catalysts and certain matrixes of carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon microspheres, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, and activated carbons have been recently considered and reported. AC has been reported as a potential support in photocatalytic systems because it improves the transfer rate of the interface charge and lowers the recombination rate of holes and electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bagheri
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, IPS Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, IPS Building, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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33
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Chepaikin E. Oxidative functionalization of alkanes under dioxygen in the presence of homogeneous noble metal catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Clark JH, Titirici MM. Always look on the "light" side of life: sustainable carbon aerogels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:670-689. [PMID: 24420578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of carbon aerogels based on the conversion of inexpensive and abundant precursors using environmentally friendly processes is a highly attractive subject in materials chemistry today. This article reviews the latest developments regarding the rapidly developing field of carbonaceous aerogels prepared from biomass and biomass-derived precursors, highlighting exciting and innovative approaches to green, sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. A review of the state-of-the-art technologies will be provided with a specific focus on two complimentary synthetic approaches developed upon the principles of green chemistry. These carbonaceous aerogel synthesis strategies, namely the Starbon and carbogel approaches, can be regarded as "top-down" and "bottom-up" strategies, respectively. The structural properties can be easily tailored by controlling synthetic parameters such as the precursor selection and concentration, the drying technique employed and post-synthesis temperature annealing. In addition to these parameters, the behavior of these sustainable carbon aerogel platforms in a variety of environmental and energy-related applications will also be discussed, including water remediation and fuel cell chemistry (i.e., the oxygen reduction reaction). This Review reveals the fascinating variety of highly porous, versatile, nanostructured, and functional carbon-based aerogels accessible through the highlighted sustainable synthetic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J White
- E3-Earth, Energy and Environment, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. Berliner Str. 130, 14467 Potsdam (Germany).
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35
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Brun N, Osiceanu P, Titirici MM. Biosourced nitrogen-doped microcellular carbon monoliths. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:397-401. [PMID: 24449535 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An original approach based on the hydrothermal carbonization of nitrogen-containing biomass derivatives within the continuous phase of a direct concentrated emulsion is reported for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped microcellular carbon monoliths. These biosourced foams show promising performances as intrinsic electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction. Preliminary catalytic properties of powdered versus monolithic samples are discussed and suggest interesting prospects for their introduction within electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brun
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm/Potsdam (Germany); Current address: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto (Japan).
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36
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Jin H, Xiong T, Li Y, Xu X, Li M, Wang Y. Improved electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation by Pd@N-doped carbon from biomass. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nitrogen makes Pd@CN exhibit superior catalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation to Pd@AC and Pd@HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jin
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yi Li
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xuan Xu
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Mingming Li
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yong Wang
- Carbon Nano Materials Group
- ZJU-NHU United R&D Center
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Chemistry
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