1
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Luo X, Xu MM, Xu XP, Ji SJ. NBS-induced intramolecular annulation reactions for the divergent synthesis of fused- and spirocyclic indolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6576-6579. [PMID: 37183546 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An NBS-induced intramolecular annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide is described. The reactions proceed well and quickly under mild conditions with the help of a base. It was found that C2-substituents on the indole ring in 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide have a great influence upon the reaction. By using C2-methyl- and C2-phenyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide as templates, practical protocols for the divergent synthesis of fused- and spirocyclic indoline compounds were studied and established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Suzhou Baolidi Functional Materials Research Institute, Suzhou 215144, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sośnicki JG, Borzyszkowska-Ledwig A, Idzik TJ, Lubowicz MM, Maciejewska G, Struk Ł. Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Indenopyridin-2-ones and 2-Pyridones via Benzyl Group Transfer: Two Cases of Aza-semipinacol-Type Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:8498-8502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek G. Sośnicki
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Al. Piastów 42, Szczecin 71-065, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Borzyszkowska-Ledwig
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Al. Piastów 42, Szczecin 71-065, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Idzik
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Al. Piastów 42, Szczecin 71-065, Poland
| | - Magdalena M. Lubowicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Al. Piastów 42, Szczecin 71-065, Poland
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Struk
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Al. Piastów 42, Szczecin 71-065, Poland
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3
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Harawa V, Thorpe TW, Marshall JR, Sangster JJ, Gilio AK, Pirvu L, Heath RS, Angelastro A, Finnigan JD, Charnock SJ, Nafie JW, Grogan G, Whitehead RC, Turner NJ. Synthesis of Stereoenriched Piperidines via Chemo-Enzymatic Dearomatization of Activated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21088-21095. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J. Sangster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia K. Gilio
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Angelastro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Finnigan
- Prozomix, Building 4, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle NE49 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Charnock
- Prozomix, Building 4, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle NE49 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan W. Nafie
- BioTools, Inc., 17546 Bee Line Highway, Jupiter, Florida 33478, United States
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Roger C. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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4
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Xiong H, Yoshida K, Okada K, Ueda H, Tokuyama H. Catalytic enantioselective 5-endo-bromocycloetherification of unactivated cyclic alkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Long HJ, Li YL, Zhang BQ, Xiao WY, Zhang XY, He L, Deng J. Asymmetric Bromoaminocyclization and Desymmetrization of Cyclohexa-1,4-dienes through Anion Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8153-8157. [PMID: 34623166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing bromoaminocyclization of prochiral cyclohexa-1,4-dienes has been achieved by using chiral anion phase-transfer catalysis, providing a range of enantioenriched cis-3a-arylhydroindoles bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in good yields (up to 78%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). Furthermore, the potential application of this methodology to natural product total synthesis was demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-Mesembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jiao Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bing-Qian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wen-Ying Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
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6
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Lombardo VM, Bernier L, Chen MZ, Farrell W, Flick A, Nuhant P, Sach NW, Tao Y, Trujillo JI. Practical Kilogram Synthesis of ( S)-1-Benzyl-4-Bromo-3-Methyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Lombardo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Louise Bernier
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ming Z. Chen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William Farrell
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philippe Nuhant
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yong Tao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 545 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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7
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Sato K, Hagio T, Sano M, Muramoto K, Yaoita A, Noro M, Hara RI, Wada T. Solid-Phase Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Oligomeric P-Modified Glycosyl Phosphate Derivatives Using the Oxazaphospholidine Method. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20026-20041. [PMID: 34368588 PMCID: PMC8340430 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl phosphate repeating units can be found in the glycoconjugates of some bacteria and protozoa parasites. These structures and their P-modified analogs are attractive synthetic targets as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and vaccine agents. However, P-modified glycosyl phosphates exist in different diastereomeric forms due to the chiral phosphorus atoms, whose configuration would highly affect their physiochemical and biochemical properties. In this study, a stereocontrolled method was developed for the synthesis of P-modified glycosyl phosphate repeating units derived from the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania using the oxazaphospholidine approach. The solid-phase synthesis facilitated the elongation and purification of the glycosyl phosphate derivatives, while two P-modified glycosyl phosphates (boranophosphate and phosphorothioate) were successfully synthesized with up to three repeating units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hagio
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Michi Sano
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Muramoto
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aya Yaoita
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mihoko Noro
- Department
of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Rintaro Iwata Hara
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department
of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicinal
and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental
University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department
of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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8
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Maria Faisca Phillips A, Pombeiro AJL. Recent Developments in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Construction of Halogenated Ring Systems. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faisca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street Moscow 117198 Russian Federation
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9
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Steigerwald DC, Soltanzadeh B, Sarkar A, Morgenstern CC, Staples RJ, Borhan B. Ritter-enabled catalytic asymmetric chloroamidation of olefins. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1834-1842. [PMID: 34163947 PMCID: PMC8179065 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular asymmetric haloamination reactions are challenging due to the inherently high halenium affinity (HalA) of the nitrogen atom, which often leads to N-halogenated products as a kinetic trap. To circumvent this issue, acetonitrile, possessing a low HalA, was used as the nucleophile in the catalytic asymmetric Ritter-type chloroamidation of allyl-amides. This method is compatible with Z and E alkenes with both alkyl and aromatic substitution. Mild acidic workup reveals the 1,2-chloroamide products with enantiomeric excess greater than 95% for many examples. We also report the successful use of the sulfonamide chlorenium reagent dichloramine-T in this chlorenium-initiated catalytic asymmetric Ritter-type reaction. Facile modifications lead to chiral imidazoline, guanidine, and orthogonally protected 1,2,3 chiral tri-amines. Intermolecular haloamination reactions are challenging due to the high halenium affinity of the nitrogen atom. This is circumvented by using acetonitrile as an attenuated nucleophile, resulting in an enantioselective halo-Ritter reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bardia Soltanzadeh
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Aritra Sarkar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | | | - Richard J Staples
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Babak Borhan
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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10
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Qi C, Force G, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Hexafluoroisopropanol‐Promoted Haloamidation and Halolactonization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:946-953. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Qi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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11
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Qi C, Force G, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Hexafluoroisopropanol‐Promoted Haloamidation and Halolactonization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Qi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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12
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Wang H, Zhong H, Xu X, Xu W, Jiang X. Catalytic Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization and Bromocycloetherification. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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13
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Xiong B, Xu S, Zhu Y, Yao L, Zhou C, Liu Y, Tang KW, Wong WY. Metal-Free, N-Iodosuccinimide-Induced Regioselective Iodophosphoryloxylation of Alkenes with P(O)-OH Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:9556-9560. [PMID: 32220090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the regioselective iodophosphoryloxylation of alkenes with P(O)-OH bonds has been established by using NIS (N-iodosuccinimide) as the iodination reagent under transition-metal-free conditions. The present protocol is compatible with different functional groups, and suitable for various alkenes and P(O)-OH compounds. A variety of functionalized β-iodo-1-ethyl phosphinic/phosphoric acid esters are obtained in good to excellent yields, which could be further transformed to diversified building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biquan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shipan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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14
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Li W, Zhou P, Li G, Lin L, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Halohydroxylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Water as the Nucleophile. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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15
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Lucas EL, Hewitt KA, Chen PP, Castro AJ, Hong X, Jarvo ER. Engaging Sulfonamides: Intramolecular Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reaction of Sulfonamides with Alkyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1775-1793. [PMID: 31840511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of amine derivatives as coupling partners is rare due to the inherent strength of the C-N bond. Herein, we report the first cross-electrophile coupling reaction of unstrained benzylic sulfonamides. Nickel-catalyzed intramolecular cross-electrophile coupling reactions of acyclic and cyclic benzylic sulfonamides with pendant alkyl chlorides generate cyclopropane products. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations are consistent with initiation of the reaction by magnesium iodide accelerated oxidative addition of the benzylic sulfonamide. This work establishes neutral and unstrained amine derivatives as XEC partners, furnishes structural rearrangement of benzylic sulfonamides, and provides valuable information regarding catalyst design for the development of new cross-electrophile coupling reactions of carbon-heteroatom bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Lucas
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Kirsten A Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Anthony J Castro
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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16
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Gan M, Wang W, Wang H, Wang Y, Jiang X. Enantioselective Halolactonizations Using Amino-Acid-Derived Phthalazine Catalysts. Org Lett 2019; 21:8275-8279. [PMID: 31584284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amino-acid-derived phthalazine catalysts have been designed and synthesized for enantioselective halolactonization of prochiral dienoic acids. The scope of the reaction is evidenced by 17 examples of spiro α-exo-methylene-halolactones with up to 99.8% enantiomeric excess. The resulting enantio-enriched spiro halolactone products are found to exhibit potent antitumor effects. In addition, both antipodes of products with equally excellent enantioselevity could be obtained since a pair of enantiomeric catalysts is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Haitao Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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17
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Wang W, He H, Gan M, Wang H, Wang Y, Jiang X. Enantioselective Syntheses of α‐
exo
‐Methylene‐Lactones via Organocatalytic Halolactonization. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoquan He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of PharmacyJinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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18
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Struble TJ, Lankswert HM, Pink M, Johnston JN. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Amine-Isocyanate Capture-Cyclization: Regioselective Alkene Iodoamination for the Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Ureas. ACS Catal 2018; 8:11926-11931. [PMID: 31131150 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ureas of chiral diamines are prominent features of therapeutics, chiral auxiliaries, and intermediates in complex molecule synthesis. Although many methods for diamine synthesis are available, metal-free enantioselective alkene functionalizations to make protected 1,2- and 1,3-diamines from simple achiral starting materials are rare, and a single reagent that accesses a cross-section of each congener with high enantiomeric excess is not available. We describe a method to synthesize enantioenriched cyclic 5- and 6-membered ureas from allylic amines and an isocyanate using a C2-symmetric BisAmidine (BAM) catalyst that delivers N-selectivity from an ambident sulfonyl imide intermediate, overcoming electronic and steric deactivation at nitrogen. The geometry of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes is correlated to 5-exo and 6-endo cyclizations without altering alkene face selectivity, which is unexpectedly opposite that observed with O-nucleophiles. Straightforward product manipulations to diamine and imidazolidinone derivatives are underscored by the synthesis of an NK1 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Struble
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Hannah M. Lankswert
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Indiana University Molecular Structure Center, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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19
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Klosowski DW, Hethcox JC, Paull DH, Fang C, Donald JR, Shugrue CR, Pansick AD, Martin SF. Enantioselective Halolactonization Reactions using BINOL-Derived Bifunctional Catalysts: Methodology, Diversification, and Applications. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5954-5968. [PMID: 29717607 PMCID: PMC5984189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general protocol is described for inducing enantioselective halolactonizations of unsaturated carboxylic acids using novel bifunctional organic catalysts derived from a chiral binaphthalene scaffold. Bromo- and iodolactonization reactions of diversely substituted, unsaturated carboxylic acids proceed with high degrees of enantioselectivity, regioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity. Notably, these BINOL-derived catalysts are the first to induce the bromo- and iodolactonizations of 5-alkyl-4( Z)-olefinic acids via 5- exo mode cyclizations to give lactones in which new carbon-halogen bonds are created at a stereogenic center with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Iodolactonizations of 6-substituted-5( Z)-olefinic acids also occur via 6- exo cyclizations to provide δ-lactones with excellent enantioselectivities. Several notable applications of this halolactonization methodology were developed for desymmetrization, kinetic resolution, and epoxidation of Z-alkenes. The utility of these reactions is demonstrated by their application to a synthesis of precursors of the F-ring subunit of kibdelone C and to the shortest catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of (+)-disparlure reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Klosowski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - J. Caleb Hethcox
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew D. Pansick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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20
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Jiang X, Liu S, Yang S, Jing M, Xu L, Yu P, Wang Y, Yeung YY. Enantioselective Bromolactonization of Deactivated Olefinic Acids. Org Lett 2018; 20:3259-3262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Jiang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si Yang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Jing
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Zhu N, Li Y, Bao H. Metal-free intermolecular aminochlorination of unactivated alkenes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00001h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a metal-free method for the synthesis of vicinal chloroamines by intermolecular aminochlorination of unactivated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Qian B, Chen S, Wang T, Zhang X, Bao H. Iron-Catalyzed Carboamination of Olefins: Synthesis of Amines and Disubstituted β-Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13076-13082. [PMID: 28857555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to
Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to
Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lab
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab
of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical
Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to
Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Yu SN, Li YL, Deng J. Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Bromomethyl Indolines via BINAP(S)-Catalyzed Bromoaminocyclization of Allyl Aniline. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre; Chongqing University; 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba Chongqing 401331 People's Republic of China
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24
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Yang H, Fan GT, Zhou L, Chen J. Enantioselective Chloro-O-cyclization of UnsaturatedN-Tosylcarbamates. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 People's Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric bromonium ion-induced polyene cyclization has been achieved by using a chiral BINOL-derived thiophosphoramide catalyst and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as an electrophilic bromine source. Bromocyclization products are obtained in high yields, with good enantiomeric ratios and high diastereoselectivity, and are abundantly found as scaffolds in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Samanta
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University , 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University , 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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26
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Nebe M, Opatz T. Synthesis of Piperidines and Dehydropiperidines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Kristianslund R, Aursnes M, Tungen JE, Hansen TV. Squaramide catalyzed enantioselective iodolactonization of allenoic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Gieuw MH, Ke Z, Yeung YY. Lewis Base Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective Bromocyclization. CHEM REC 2016; 17:287-311. [PMID: 27701807 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are widely recognized as key components in many natural products and biologically relevant molecules, but often the problem comes down to methodologies in synthesizing them. Halocyclization of olefinic substrates is a promising strategy in the construction of O- and N-heterocyclic compounds, which further signifies the development of their asymmetric variants. Over the past years, our group has been devoted to this particular area of asymmetric electrophilic halocyclization with chalcogen-containing molecules as catalysts. In this account, the main focus is on the development of our novel chiral catalysts and applications derived from the reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Gieuw
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zhihai Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR China
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29
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Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6837-7042. [PMID: 27199233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
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30
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Ke Z, Tan CK, Liu Y, Lee KGZ, Yeung YY. Catalytic and enantioselective bromoetherification of olefinic 1,3-diols: mechanistic insight. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Stodulski M, Kohlhepp SV, Raabe G, Gulder T. Exploration of the Bis(thio)urea-Catalyzed Atropselective Synthesis of Marinopyrrole A. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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32
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Pan H, Huang H, Liu W, Tian H, Shi Y. Phosphine Oxide-Sc(OTf)3 Catalyzed Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization of (E)-Cinnamyl Tosylcarbamates. An Approach to a Class of Synthetically Versatile Functionalized Molecules. Org Lett 2016; 18:896-9. [PMID: 26894481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and enantioselective bromoaminocyclization of (E)-cinnamyl tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)3 complex is described. A wide variety of optically active aryl 5-bromo-1,3-oxazinan-2-ones can be obtained with high yield and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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33
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Wong YC, Yeung YY. A convenient method for the synthesis of α-carboxylate ester bromolactones via bromolactonization of alkenoic diesters. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3202-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of α-ester bromolactones has been developed through the electrophilic bromocyclization of olefinic 1,3-diesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, NT
- China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, NT
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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34
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Subba Reddy BV, Hanuman Reddy V, Durgaprasad M, Gopal Reddy S, Lakshmi JK, Aneesh PV, Rami Reddy YV. Sequential oxonium–olefin–alkyne cyclization for the stereoselective synthesis of (octahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11396-11401. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of aldehydes undergo a smooth cascade cyclization with (E)-5-(3-phenylprop-2-ynylamino)pent-3-en-1-ol in the presence of BF3·OEt2 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - V. Hanuman Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - M. Durgaprasad
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - S. Gopal Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - J. K. Lakshmi
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - P. V. Aneesh
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
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35
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Li Z, Shi Y. Chiral Phosphine Oxide-Sc(OTf)3 Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromoaminocyclization of 2-Benzofuranylmethyl N-Tosylcarbamates. Approach to a Novel Class of Optically Active Spiro Compounds. Org Lett 2015; 17:5752-5. [PMID: 26571147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective bromoaminocyclization of 2-benzofuranylmethyl N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)(3) complex is described. A wide variety of optically active spiro benzofuran oxazolidinones can be obtained with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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36
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Cheng YA, Yu WZ, Yeung YY. Carbamate-Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromolactamization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Cheng YA, Yu WZ, Yeung YY. Carbamate-catalyzed enantioselective bromolactamization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12102-6. [PMID: 26314397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly facile, efficient, and enantioselective bromolactamization of olefinic amides was effected by a carbamate catalyst and ethanol additive. The amide substrates underwent N-cyclization predominantly to give a diverse range of enantioenriched bromolactam products containing up to two stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Wesley Zongrong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore)
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore). .,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong (China).
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38
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Simal C, Bates RH, Ureña M, Giménez I, Koutsou C, Infantes L, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Viso A. Synthesis of Enantiopure 3-Hydroxypiperidines from Sulfinyl Dienyl Amines by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Cyclization and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7674-92. [PMID: 26162504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The highly diastereoselective base-promoted intramolecular cyclization of a variety of enantiopure sulfinyl dienyl amines provides novel sulfinyl tetrahydropyridines that are readily converted to 3-hydroxy tetrahydropyridines via sigmatropic rearrangement. The influence of N- and C- substituents on the process has been studied. Procedures to shorten the sequence such as the tandem cyclization followed by [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, as well as cyclization of the free amine, under Boc- or ArSO- deprotection conditions have been examined. Good to excellent levels of selectivity are generally observed for the reported transformations (dr: 75/25 to >98/2). A novel protocol to access substituted amino dienyl sulfoxides is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Simal
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert H Bates
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ureña
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Giménez
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina Koutsou
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- ‡Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, IQFR-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alma Viso
- †Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Liu W, Pan H, Tian H, Shi Y. Enantioselective 6-exo-Bromoaminocyclization of Homoallylic N-Tosylcarbamates Catalyzed by a Novel Monophosphine-Sc(OTf)3 Complex. Org Lett 2015; 17:3956-9. [PMID: 26186576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective 6-exo-bromoaminocyclization of (E)-homoallylic N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a novel monophosphine-Sc(OTf)3 complex is described, giving a wide variety of optically active oxazinanones with high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongjie Pan
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Tian
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,‡State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Center for Multimolecular Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,§Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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40
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Chen T, Foo TJY, Yeung YY. Indole-Catalyzed Bromolactonization in Lipophilic Solvent: A Solid–Liquid Phase Transfer Approach. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Thomas Jian Yao Foo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543
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41
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Qi J, Fan GT, Chen J, Sun MH, Dong YT, Zhou L. Catalytic enantioselective bromoamination of allylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:13841-4. [PMID: 25259372 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05772d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective bromoamination of allylic alcohols has been developed for the first time using a newly designed cinchona-derived thiourea as the catalyst and N,N-dibromo-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide as a bromine and amine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.
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42
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Huang H, Pan H, Cai Y, Liu M, Tian H, Shi Y. Enantioselective 6-endo bromoaminocyclization of 2,4-dienyl N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)3 complex. A dramatic additive effect. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3566-70. [PMID: 25686253 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An effective enantioselective 6-endo bromoaminocyclization of 2,4-dienyl N-tosylcarbamates catalyzed by a chiral phosphine oxide-Sc(OTf)3 complex is described. A wide variety of optically active 5-bromo-1,3-oxazinan-2-ones containing various functional groups can be obtained in 61-91% yields and 92-99% ees. An additive, such as NaCl, has been found to be crucial for the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10090, China
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43
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Tomek P, Palmer BD, Kendall JD, Flanagan JU, Ching LM. Formation of fluorophores from the kynurenine pathway metabolite N-formylkynurenine and cyclic amines involves transamidation and carbon-carbon bond formation at the 2-position of the amine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1772-80. [PMID: 25907332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway is associated with a number of pathologies including cataract formation and cancer. Whilst the chemical reactions of kynurenine are well studied, less is known about the reactivity of its precursor N-formylkynurenine (NFK). We previously reported the generation of a strong fluorophore in an aqueous reaction of NFK with piperidine, and herein we describe its structure and mechanism of formation. METHODS Compounds were identified using NMR, mass and UV spectroscopic techniques. The products from the reaction of amines with amino acids were quantified using HPLC-MS. RESULTS The novel fluorophore was identified as a tetrahydroquinolone adduct (PIP-THQ), where piperidine is N-formylated and attached at its 2-position to the quinolone. NFK is initially deaminated to generate an unsaturated enone, which forms an adduct with piperidine and is subsequently converted into the fluorophore. Testing of a variety of other secondary amines showed that only cyclic amines unsubstituted at both positions adjacent to nitrogen could form fluorophores efficiently. The amino acids tryptophan and kynurenine, which lack the formamide group do not form such fluorophores. CONCLUSIONS NFK forms fluorophores in a not previously published reaction with cyclic amines. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study is the first to provide evidence for concurrent transamidation and substitution at the 2-position of a cyclic amine occurring under moderately-heated aqueous conditions with no added catalysts. The high reactivity of NFK demonstrated here could result in formation of biologically relevant metabolites yet to be characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Tomek
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brian D Palmer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jackie D Kendall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lai-Ming Ching
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Niu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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45
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Cai Y, Zhou P, Liu X, Zhao J, Lin L, Feng X. Diastereoselectively Switchable Asymmetric Haloaminocyclization for the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamates. Chemistry 2015; 21:6386-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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46
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Cheng YA, Yu WZ, Yeung YY. Recent advances in asymmetric intra- and intermolecular halofunctionalizations of alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2333-43. [PMID: 24595745 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review seeks to provide coverage on recent advances in catalytic enantioselective halofunctionalization of alkenes. The aim is to give an overview of various reports, highlighting the new reaction types and strategies developed during the past two years. The scope and challenges of intra- and intermolecular reaction variants are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi An Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
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47
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Jones JH, Appayee C, Brenner-Moyer SE. One-Pot Preparation of Enantiopure Fluorinated β-Amino Acid Precursors. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Jaganathan A, Borhan B. Chlorosulfonamide salts are superior electrophilic chlorine precursors for the organocatalytic asymmetric chlorocyclization of unsaturated amides. Org Lett 2014; 16:3616-9. [PMID: 24979487 DOI: 10.1021/ol500861z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloramine-T·3H(2)O and other chlorosulfonamide salts can serve as readily available, stable, and inexpensive precursors of electrophilic chlorine in the organocatalytic asymmetric chlorofunctionalization of olefins. In conjunction with commercially available organocatalysts, they can be utilized in the asymmetric chlorocyclization of unsaturated amides to yield products with unprecedented levels of stereoselectivity even at ambient temperatures and high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Jaganathan
- The Dow Chemical Company, Engineering and Process Sciences, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
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49
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Ke Z, Tan CK, Chen F, Yeung YY. Catalytic Asymmetric Bromoetherification and Desymmetrization of Olefinic 1,3-Diols with C2-Symmetric Sulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5627-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5029155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Ke
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chong Kiat Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Feng Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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50
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Tay DW, Leung GYC, Yeung YY. Desymmetrization of Diolefinic Diols by Enantioselective Amino-thiocarbamate-Catalyzed Bromoetherification: Synthesis of Chiral Spirocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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