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Yamaguchi M, Kuroda S, Asaoka T, Shinohara K. Fast Field-Cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers and Their Perfluorosulfonyl Fluoride Precursors Membranes. Molecules 2024; 29:2552. [PMID: 38893428 PMCID: PMC11174070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The spin-lattice relaxation rates (R1) of fluorine nuclei in perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer membranes and their precursor solid perfluorosulfonyl fluoride (PFSF) were measured by fast field-cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry. The XRD profiles of PFSA and PFSF are similar and show a characteristic peak, indicating the alignment of main chains. While the SAXS profiles of the PFSA membranes show two peaks, those of the solid PFSF lack the ionomer peak which is characteristic of hydrophilic side chains in the PFSA ionomer membranes. The Larmor frequency dependence of R1 obeys power law and the indices are dependent on the sample and temperature. The indices of the PFSA membranes change from -1/2 to -1 along with the Larmor frequency and temperature dependence decrease, which is consistent with the generalized defect diffusion model. Estimated activation energies are in good agreement with those obtained from dynamical mechanical analysis and dielectric spectroscopy, indicating the segmental motion of the backbones as the common origin of these observations. On the other hand, the index changes to -3/4 in the case of the PFSFs, which has been predicted by the reptation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamaguchi
- FC-Cubic (Fuel Cell Cutting-Edge Research Center), Technology Research Association, 3147 Shimomukoyama-cho, Kofu 400-1507, Yamanashi, Japan
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2
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Recent Trends in Electrochemical Catalyst Design for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution, and Overall Water Splitting. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Zhang R, Troya D, Madsen LA. Prolonged Association between Water Molecules under Hydrophobic Nanoconfinement. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13767-13777. [PMID: 34898212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the dynamics of water confined among rigid carbon rods and between parallel graphene sheets with molecular dynamics simulations. Diffusion coefficients, activation energy of diffusion, and residence-time correlation functions as a function of confinement geometry reveal a retardation of water dynamics under hydrophobic confinement compared to bulk water. In fact, water under various confinements possesses longer associations with its neighbors and exhibits diffusion dynamics characteristic of a lower temperature. Analysis of the residence-time correlation functions reveals long and short residence times, which we relate to the diffusion coefficient and activation energy of diffusion, respectively. Additional investigations reveal how the level of confining surface hydrophobicity affects water dynamics, further broadening our understanding of water diffusion inside diverse media. Overall, this study sheds light on the physical origin of retarded water dynamics under hydrophobic confinement and the close relationship between residence times and diffusion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Korovich AG, Chang K, Geise GM, Madsen LA. Local Water Transport in Rubbery versus Glassy Separation Membranes and Analogous Solutions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Korovich
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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5
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Hawkins JE, Liang Y, Ries ME, Hine PJ. Time temperature superposition of the dissolution of cellulose fibres by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate with cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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6
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Wang Y, Zanelotti CJ, Wang X, Kerr R, Jin L, Kan WH, Dingemans TJ, Forsyth M, Madsen LA. Solid-state rigid-rod polymer composite electrolytes with nanocrystalline lithium ion pathways. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1255-1263. [PMID: 33941912 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A critical challenge for next-generation lithium-based batteries lies in development of electrolytes that enable thermal safety along with the use of high-energy-density electrodes. We describe molecular ionic composite electrolytes based on an aligned liquid crystalline polymer combined with ionic liquids and concentrated Li salt. This high strength (200 MPa) and non-flammable solid electrolyte possesses outstanding Li+ conductivity (1 mS cm-1 at 25 °C) and electrochemical stability (5.6 V versus Li|Li+) while suppressing dendrite growth and exhibiting low interfacial resistance (32 Ω cm2) and overpotentials (≤120 mV at 1 mA cm-2) during Li symmetric cell cycling. A heterogeneous salt doping process modifies a locally ordered polymer-ion assembly to incorporate an inter-grain network filled with defective LiFSI and LiBF4 nanocrystals, strongly enhancing Li+ conduction. This modular material fabrication platform shows promise for safe and high-energy-density energy storage and conversion applications, incorporating the fast transport of ceramic-like conductors with the superior flexibility of polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Curt J Zanelotti
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellent for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellent for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liyu Jin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellent for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wang Hay Kan
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan, China
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellent for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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7
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Zhang R, Chen Y, Troya D, Madsen LA. Relating Geometric Nanoconfinement and Local Molecular Environment to Diffusion in Ionic Polymer Membranes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99345, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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8
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Hammer R, Schönhoff M, Hansen MR. Comprehensive Picture of Water Dynamics in Nafion Membranes at Different Levels of Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8313-8324. [PMID: 31508959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy is employed to study the long-range (diffusion) and short-range (relaxation) motions of water in the hydrophilic channels of Nafion at different stages of hydration, λwater. From Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound analysis of the temperature-dependent 1H spin-lattice relaxation rates, the coexistence of two motional modes for λwater < 9 was observed, which can be attributed to the nonfreezing behavior of water molecules. At higher hydration levels, a clear transition between two different motional modes was detected associated with the freezing of bulk water. The hydration-level-dependent diffusion 1H NMR studies showed a steep increase in diffusion coefficients at 6 ≤ λwater ≤ 9 followed by a linear increase with the increasing hydration level (λwater ≥ 12). Taken together the correlation of long- and short-range motion studies allowed us to establish a comprehensive picture of the hydration shell formation for the sulfonic acid groups in Nafion dependent on λwater that can be divided into three characteristic regions. These include the formation of the first hydration shell at λwater ≈ 3 (region I), the second hydration shell at λwater ≈ 8 (region II), and finally (iii) the presence of bulk water above λwater ≥ 10 (region III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstr. 28/30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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9
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Thieu LM, Zhu L, Korovich AG, Hickner MA, Madsen LA. Multiscale Tortuous Diffusion in Anion and Cation Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam M. Thieu
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew G. Korovich
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Michael A. Hickner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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10
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Chang K, Korovich A, Xue T, Morris WA, Madsen LA, Geise GM. Influence of Rubbery versus Glassy Backbone Dynamics on Multiscale Transport in Polymer Membranes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Andrew Korovich
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tianyi Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - William A. Morris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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11
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Foster RJ, Damion RA, Ries ME, Smye SW, McGonagle DG, Binks DA, Radjenovic A. Imaging of nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation activation energy in cartilage. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180221. [PMID: 30109078 PMCID: PMC6083713 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Samples of human and bovine cartilage have been examined using magnetic resonance imaging to determine the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, as a function of depth within through the cartilage tissue. T1 was measured at five to seven temperatures between 8 and 38°C. From this, it is shown that the T1 relaxation time is well described by Arrhenius-type behaviour and the activation energy of the relaxation process is quantified. The activation energy within the cartilage is approximately 11 ± 2 kJ mol-1 with this notably being less than that for both pure water (16.6 ± 0.4 kJ mol-1) and the phosphate-buffered solution in which the cartilage was immersed (14.7 ± 1.0 kJ mol-1). It is shown that this activation energy increases as a function of depth in the cartilage. It is known that cartilage composition varies with depth, and hence, these results have been interpreted in terms of the structure within the cartilage tissue and the association of the water with the macromolecular constituents of the cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Foster
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS4 7SA, UK
| | - R. A. Damion
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. E. Ries
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S. W. Smye
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS4 7SA, UK
| | - D. G. McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS4 7SA, UK
| | - D. A. Binks
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS4 7SA, UK
| | - A. Radjenovic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS4 7SA, UK
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12
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Green SM, Ries ME, Moffat J, Budtova T. NMR and Rheological Study of Anion Size Influence on the Properties of Two Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8968. [PMID: 28827729 PMCID: PMC5566215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR self-diffusion and relaxation, coupled with viscosity, were used to study the properties and structure of two imidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2MIM][OAc] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octanoate [C2MIM][OOct]. The experimental results point to the formation of different types of aggregates in each ionic liquid. These aggregates are small and stable under flow and temperature in [C2MIM][OAc], whereas the aggregates are large and sensitive to flow and temperature in [C2MIM][OOct]. In the latter case the size of aggregates decreases both under flow and temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Green
- Soft Matter Physics Research Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Ries
- Soft Matter Physics Research Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jamie Moffat
- Innovia Films R&D Centre, West Road, Wigton, Cumbria, CA7 9XX, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Centre for Material Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
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13
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Kidd BE, Li X, Piemonte RC, Cooksey TJ, Singh A, Robertson ML, Madsen LA. Tuning Biocompatible Block Copolymer Micelles by Varying Solvent Composition: Dynamics and Populations of Micelles and Unimers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rachele C. Piemonte
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Tyler J. Cooksey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Avantika Singh
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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14
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Marchetti A, Chen J, Pang Z, Li S, Ling D, Deng F, Kong X. Understanding Surface and Interfacial Chemistry in Functional Nanomaterials via Solid-State NMR. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605895. [PMID: 28247966 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface and interfacial chemistry is of fundamental importance in functional nanomaterials applied in catalysis, energy storage and conversion, medicine, and other nanotechnologies. It has been a perpetual challenge for the scientific community to get an accurate and comprehensive picture of the structures, dynamics, and interactions at interfaces. Here, some recent examples in the major disciplines of nanomaterials are selected (e.g., nanoporous materials, battery materials, nanocrystals and quantum dots, supramolecular assemblies, drug-delivery systems, ionomers, and graphite oxides) and it is shown how interfacial chemistry can be addressed through the perspective of solid-state NMR characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchetti
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Juner Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Pang
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Feng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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15
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Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Infrared Absorption Spectra of H3O+ and H5O+2 in Nonaqueous Solutions of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Hydrates. J SOLUTION CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-016-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Gao J, Yoon HG, Jin L, Forsyth M, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Highly Conductive and Thermally Stable Ion Gels with Tunable Anisotropy and Modulus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2571-8. [PMID: 26822386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid-crystalline ion gel exhibits unprecedented properties: conductivity up to 8 mS cm(-1) , thermal stability to 300 °C, and electrochemical window to 6.1 V, as well as adjustable transport anisotropy (up to 3.5×) and elastic modulus (0.03-3 GPa). The combination of ionic liquid and magnetically oriented rigid-rod polyanion provides widely tunable properties for use in diverse electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun Gook Yoon
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Liyu Jin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Theo J Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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17
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Foster RJ, Damion RA, Baboolal TG, Smye SW, Ries ME. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of water in aggrecan solutions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150705. [PMID: 27069663 PMCID: PMC4821274 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aggrecan, a highly charged macromolecule found in articular cartilage, was investigated in aqueous salt solutions with proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates were determined at two different field strengths, 9.4 T and 0.5 T, for a range of temperatures and aggrecan concentrations. The diffusion coefficients of the water molecules were also measured as a function of temperature and aggrecan concentration, using a pulsed field gradient technique at 9.4 T. Assuming an Arrhenius relationship, the activation energies for the various relaxation processes and the translational motion of the water molecules were determined from temperature dependencies as a function of aggrecan concentration in the range 0-5.3% w/w. The longitudinal relaxation rate and inverse diffusion coefficient were approximately equally dependent on concentration and only increased by upto 20% from that of the salt solution. The transverse relaxation rate at high field demonstrated greatest concentration dependence, changing by an order of magnitude across the concentration range examined. We attribute this primarily to chemical exchange. Activation energies appeared to be approximately independent of aggrecan concentration, except for that of the low-field transverse relaxation rate, which decreased with concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Foster
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin A. Damion
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas G. Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stephen W. Smye
- Academic Division of Medical Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK
| | - Michael E. Ries
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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7Li nuclear magnetic resonance studies of dynamics in a ternary gel polymer electrolyte based on polymeric ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Kidd BE, Forbey SJ, Steuber FW, Moore RB, Madsen LA. Multiscale Lithium and Counterion Transport in an Electrospun Polymer-Gel Electrolyte. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Scott J. Forbey
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Robert B. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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20
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Simons TJ, Bayley PM, Zhang Z, Howlett PC, MacFarlane DR, Madsen LA, Forsyth M. Influence of Zn2+ and Water on the Transport Properties of a Pyrrolidinium Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4895-905. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Simons
- Australian
Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier
Materials (IFM), Deakin University Burwood Campus, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - P. M. Bayley
- Australian
Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier
Materials (IFM), Deakin University Burwood Campus, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - P. C. Howlett
- Australian
Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier
Materials (IFM), Deakin University Burwood Campus, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - D. R. MacFarlane
- Australian
Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - M. Forsyth
- Australian
Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Institute for Frontier
Materials (IFM), Deakin University Burwood Campus, Burwood 3125, Australia
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21
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Wang Y, Gao J, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Molecular Alignment and Ion Transport in Rigid Rod Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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22
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Kins CF, Sengupta E, Kaltbeitzel A, Wagner M, Lieberwirth I, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. Morphological Anisotropy and Proton Conduction in Multiblock Copolyimide Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Kins
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esha Sengupta
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Kaltbeitzel
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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23
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Kidd BE, Lingwood MD, Lee M, Gibson HW, Madsen LA. Cation and Anion Transport in a Dicationic Imidazolium-Based Plastic Crystal Ion Conductor. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2176-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4084629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mark D. Lingwood
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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24
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Li N, Guiver MD. Ion Transport by Nanochannels in Ion-Containing Aromatic Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanwen Li
- National
Research
Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael D. Guiver
- National
Research
Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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25
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Page KA, Rowe BW, Masser KA, Faraone A. The effect of water content on chain dynamics in nafion membranes measured by neutron spin echo and dielectric spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirt A. Page
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg Maryland 20899
| | - Brandon W. Rowe
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg Maryland 20899
| | - Kevin A. Masser
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg Maryland 20899
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research; Gaithersburg Maryland 20899
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742
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