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Luo Y, Yang L, Zhang J. Photoelectrochemical Polymerization for Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100762. [PMID: 34964994 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dye sensitized solar cells represent promising alternative photovoltaic (PV) technologies with the advantages of low material cost, ease of production and high performance for indoor applications. Solid state DSCs (ssDSCs) have been developed to greatly diminish the problems of electrolyte leakage and electrode corrosion. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of ssDSCs generally was much lower than traditional liquid DSCs, resulting in low conductivity and poor pore infiltration of solid HTMs in mesoporous structures. To overcome these problems, in-situ photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) approach is developed to synthesize polymer HTMs in the porous electrodes, enabling enhancement of pore infiltration fraction and conductivity. The PEP method offers great opportunities for engineering the HTM interfaces, tuning the charge dynamics and improving the photovoltaic performance of ssDSCs. Here we aim to present a coherent review of the recent development of material engineering and interfacial optimization for ssDSCs. We also summarize the recent advances in the PEP, with special emphasis on how the influencing factors control the PEP kinetics, the polymer properties as well as the device performance. This review provides a deep understanding of the mechanism of photopolymerization across different conditions, which serves as a guidebook for further optimization of the PEP process for ssDSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Luo
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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2
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Vlachopoulos N, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A. Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using polymeric hole conductors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39570-39581. [PMID: 35492491 PMCID: PMC9044557 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05911d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review presents the application of electronically conducting polymers (conducting polymers) as hole conductors in solid-state dye solar cells (S-DSSCs). At first, the basic principles of dye solar cell operation are presented. The next section deals with the principles of electrochemical polymerisation and its photoelectrochemical variety, the latter being an important, frequently-used technique for generating conducting polymers and hole conductors in DSSCs. Finally, two varieties of S-DSSC configurations, those of dry S-DSSC and of S-DSSCs incorporating a liquid electrolyte, are discussed. The theory and operational principles of solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells based on polymeric hole conductors are reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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3
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Blazhynska MM, Stepaniuk DS, Koverga V, Kyrychenko A, Idrissi A, Kalugin ON. Structure and dynamics of TiO2-anchored D205 dye in ionic liquids and acetonitrile. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Bao H, Chen X, Yuan R, Zhang C, Xu S. A dual polymer composite of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hybrid surface heterojunction with g-C 3N 4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32671-32679. [PMID: 35493550 PMCID: PMC9042172 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A surface heterojunction catalyst of g-C3N4–PEDOT/P3HT with P3HT and PEDOT as the polymer sensitizer and hole transport pathway is successfully prepared. The as constructed g-C3N4–PEDOT/P3HT composite exhibits a photocatalyst H2 evolution rate up to 427703.3 μmol h−1 g−1 which is 1059 times higher than that of g-C3N4, 118 times higher than that of g-C3N4–PEDOT with ascorbic acid as sacrificial reagents. What's more, the g-C3N4–PEDOT/P3HT can even show an obviously enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution rate which is 6.1 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 in pure water without any sacrificial reagent. Combining the experimental results and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation results, a possible mechanism can be drawn that the existed PEDOT possesses relatively higher hole mobility and can be used as a hole conductor between g-C3N4 and P3HT. Then, the photogenerated holes migration can be accelerated by PEDOT from the VB of g-C3N4 to the VB of P3HT. All those factors may benefit the synergy among g-C3N4, PEDOT and P3HT, which finally facilitates the rapid migration of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and eventually improves the photocatalytic H2 activity process of g-C3N4–PEDOT/P3HT with visible light. The present work may provide useful insights for designing a surface heterojunction composite photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity for H2 production. A surface heterojunction catalyst of g-C3N4-PEDOT/P3HT with P3HT and PEDOT as the polymer sensitizer and hole transport pathway is successfully prepared. The as prepared photocatalyst with much improved photocatalytic activity for H2 production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Iftikhar H, Sonai GG, Hashmi SG, Nogueira AF, Lund PD. Progress on Electrolytes Development in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1998. [PMID: 31234406 PMCID: PMC6631186 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensely researched for more than two decades. Electrolyte formulations are one of the bottlenecks to their successful commercialization, since these result in trade-offs between the photovoltaic performance and long-term performance stability. The corrosive nature of the redox shuttles in the electrolytes is an additional limitation for industrial-scale production of DSSCs, especially with low cost metallic electrodes. Numerous electrolyte formulations have been developed and tested in various DSSC configurations to address the aforementioned challenges. Here, we comprehensively review the progress on the development and application of electrolytes for DSSCs. We particularly focus on the improvements that have been made in different types of electrolytes, which result in enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term device stability of DSSCs. Several recently introduced electrolyte materials are reviewed, and the role of electrolytes in different DSSC device designs is critically assessed. To sum up, we provide an overview of recent trends in research on electrolytes for DSSCs and highlight the advantages and limitations of recently reported novel electrolyte compositions for producing low-cost and industrially scalable solar cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Iftikhar
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Gabriela Gava Sonai
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Syed Ghufran Hashmi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto Startup Center, A-Grid, Otakaari 5, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Peter David Lund
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
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Lennert A, Wagner K, Yunis R, Pringle JM, Guldi DM, Officer DL. Efficient and Stable Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by the Combination of Phosphonium Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals with Silica. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32271-32280. [PMID: 30178658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Remarkably efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated using organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes based on a small triethyl(methyl)phosphonium [P1222] cation and two types of sulfonamide anions, bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (FSA) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA), in combination with varying amounts of silica (SiO2). Solar cell efficiencies of up to 7.4% were obtained, which is comparable to our benchmark efficiencies of liquid (acetonitrile) electrolyte-based devices. Such a high efficiency for DSSCs using quasi-solid-state electrolytes is attributed to improved ionic conductivity, enhanced redox couple transport, improved interfacial interaction between the electrolyte and the electrode as well as decreased resistance at both electrode interfaces. Notably, the devices with the silica-containing electrolytes displayed excellent stability after 5 months of storage, with the most stable devices, formed with either plastic crystal electrolyte containing 2% silica, showing no decrease in efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Lennert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , Erlangen 91058 , Germany
| | | | - Ruhamah Yunis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong 3220 , Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong 3220 , Australia
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstrasse 3 , Erlangen 91058 , Germany
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Delices A, Zhang J, Santoni MP, Dong CZ, Maurel F, Vlachopoulos N, Hagfeldt A, Jouini M. New covalently bonded dye/hole transporting material for better charge transfer in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Baviskar PK. Low-cost solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO with CuSCN as a hole transport material using simple solution chemistry. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Ong WJ, Tan LL, Ng YH, Yong ST, Chai SP. Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)-Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability? Chem Rev 2016; 116:7159-329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4328] [Impact Index Per Article: 541.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Jun Ong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- Particles
and Catalysis Research Group (PARTCAT), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Siek-Ting Yong
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Photoelectrochemical Polymerization of EDOT for Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: Role of Dye and Solvent. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Aitola K, Zhang J, Vlachopoulos N, Halme J, Kaskela A, Nasibulin AG, Kauppinen EI, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A. Carbon nanotube film replacing silver in high-efficiency solid-state dye solar cells employing polymer hole conductor. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Song IY, Kim M, Park T. Effect of ion-chelating chain lengths in thiophene-based monomers on in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization and photovoltaic performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11482-11489. [PMID: 25977990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized thiophene-based monomers (bis-EDOTs) with different ethylene glycol oligomer (EGO) lengths (TBO3, TBO4, and TBO5) and investigated their polymerization characteristics during photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) at the surfaces of dye (D205)-sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline particles. During the PEP reaction, monomers were expected to diffuse toward neighboring dyes through the growing polymer layers to enable continuous chain growth. We found that the less bulky monomer (TBO3) formed a more compact polymer layer with a high molecular weight. Its diffusion to the active sites through the resulting growing polymer layer was, therefore, limited. We deployed layers of the polymers (PTBO3, PTBO4, and PTBO5) in iodine-free solid-state hybrid solar cells to investigate the lithium ion chelating properties of the polymers as a function of the number of oxygen atoms present in the EGOs. PTBO4 and PTBO5 were capable of chelating lithium ions, yielding a photovoltaic performance that was 142% of the performance obtained without the polymer layers (3.0→5.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyoungbuk 790-780, Korea
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13
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Janáky C, Rajeshwar K. The role of (photo)electrochemistry in the rational design of hybrid conducting polymer/semiconductor assemblies: From fundamental concepts to practical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Ellis H, Yang L, Johansson EMJ, Boschloo G, Vlachopoulos N, Hagfeldt A, Bergquist J, Shevchenko D. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells: comparison of in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization in aqueous micellar and organic media. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3942-8. [PMID: 25751409 DOI: 10.1021/ac504851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (sDSCs) are devoid of such issues as electrolyte evaporation or leakage and electrode corrosion, which are typical for traditional liquid electrolyte-based DSCs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most popular and efficient p-type conducting polymers that are used in sDSCs as a solid-state hole-transporting material. The most convenient way to deposit this insoluble polymer into the dye-sensitized mesoporous working electrode is in situ photoelectrochemical polymerization. Apparently, the structure and the physicochemical properties of the generated conducting polymer, which determine the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding solar cell, can be significantly affected by the preparation conditions. Therefore, a simple and fast analytical method that can reveal information on polymer chain length, possible chemical modifications, and impurities is strongly required for the rapid development of efficient solar energy-converting devices. In this contribution, we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) for the analysis of PEDOT directly on sDSCs. It was found that the PEDOT generated in aqueous micellar medium possesses relatively shorter polymeric chains than the PEDOT deposited from an organic medium. Furthermore, the micellar electrolyte promotes a transformation of one of the thiophene terminal units to thiophenone. The introduction of a carbonyl group into the PEDOT molecule impedes the growth of the polymer chain and reduces the conductivity of the final polymer film. Both the simplicity of sample preparation (only application of the organic matrix onto the solar cell is needed) and the rapidity of analysis hold the promise of making MALDI MS an essential tool for the physicochemical characterization of conducting polymer-based sDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Zhang
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Ellis
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Yang
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,‡Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-FSB-ISIC-LSPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- †Physical Chemistry, Centre of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.,‡Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-FSB-ISIC-LSPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,§Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- ∥Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Denys Shevchenko
- ∥Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang J, Häggman L, Jouini M, Jarboui A, Boschloo G, Vlachopoulos N, Hagfeldt A. Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal-Free Organic Dyes. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1043-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Sasada Y, Kato F, Oyaizu K, Nishide H. In-situ Polymerization of Thiophene Derivatives Using a Gas-phase Oxidant to Form a Hole-transporting Layer in Dye-sensitized Solar Cell. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2014. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.27.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Xing Z, Chen Z, Zong X, Wang L. A new type of carbon nitride-based polymer composite for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6762-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports on a new type of composite photocatalysts using a conducting polymer PEDOT as a hole transport pathway for promoting charge separation in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xing
- Nanomaterials Centre
- School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN
- The University of Queensland
- , Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Materials Engineering
- The University of Queensland
- , Australia
| | - Xu Zong
- Nanomaterials Centre
- School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN
- The University of Queensland
- , Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre
- School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN
- The University of Queensland
- , Australia
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18
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Manseki K, Yu Y, Yanagida S. A phenyl-capped aniline tetramer for Z907/tert-butylpyridine-based dye-sensitized solar cells and molecular modelling of the device. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1416-8. [PMID: 23306553 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc38625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Z907-sensitized solar cells incorporating a phenyl-capped aniline tetramer (EPAT) as a substitute of the iodine/iodide redox couple in the electrolytes produce an enhanced open-circuit voltage and short circuit photocurrent density when tert-butylpyridine (TBP) is added to the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Manseki
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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19
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Kim B, Koh JK, Kim J, Chi WS, Kim JH, Kim E. Room temperature solid-state synthesis of a conductive polymer for applications in stable I₂-free dye-sensitized solar cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:2173-2180. [PMID: 22945546 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A solid-state polymerizable monomer, 2,5-dibromo-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (DBProDOT), was synthesized at 25 °C to produce a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT). Crystallographic studies revealed a short interplane distance between DBProDOT molecules, which was responsible for polymerization at low temperature with a lower activation energy and higher exothermic reaction than 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (DBEDOT) or its derivatives. Upon solid-state polymerization (SSP) of DBProDOT at 25 °C, PProDOT was obtained in a self-doped state with tribromide ions and an electrical conductivity of 0.05 S cm⁻¹, which is considerably higher than that of chemically-polymerized PProDOT (2×10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹). Solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed polarons in PProDOT and a strong perturbation of carbon nuclei in thiophenes as a result of paramagnetic broadening. DBProDOT molecules deeply penetrated and polymerized to fill nanocrystalline TiO₂ pores with PProDOT, which functioned as a hole-transporting material (HTM) for I₂-free solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). With the introduction of an organized mesoporous TiO₂ (OM-TiO₂) layer, the energy conversion efficiency reached 3.5 % at 100 mW cm⁻², which was quite stable up to at least 1500 h. The cell performance and stability was attributed to the high stability of PProDOT, with the high conductivity and improved interfacial contact of the electrode/HTM resulting in reduced interfacial resistance and enhanced electron lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggwan Kim
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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21
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Bach U, Daeneke T. A Solid Advancement for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10451-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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