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Amemiya K, Sakata K. Chemical States of Stainless Steel in nm to Several Tens of nm Region from Surface Observed by the Depth-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18593-18598. [PMID: 38680374 PMCID: PMC11044215 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Chemical states of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, and O in stainless steel, SS304, are nondestructively observed over a wide range of depth from nanometer (nm) to several tens of nm by means of the depth-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the soft X-ray region. It is revealed that Cr is more oxidized in the surface region than the inner region, while Fe is also oxidized at the surface though the oxidation is less prominent compared to Cr. The chemical states of Cr are described by a mixture of Cr-O and Cr-OH coordinations, with more OH components at the surface. Mn and Ni spectra show MnO and metallic Ni features, respectively, throughout the depth of at least up to several tens of nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Amemiya
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Graduate
Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kaoruho Sakata
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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2
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Dawn R, Tjiu WW, Aabdin Z, Faizal F, Panatarani C, Joni IM, Akhtar W, Kumar K, Rahaman A, Chandra G, Kandasami A, Amemiya K, Singh VR. Origin of Enhancement of Orbital Magnetic Moment in SiO 2-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanocomposites Studied by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13807-13819. [PMID: 37733972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were dispersed uniformly by varying the thickness of the SiO2 coating, and their electronic and magnetic properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction confirmed the structural configuration of monophase inverse-spinel Fe3O4 NPs in nanometer size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of proper nonporous crystallite particles with a clear core-shell structure with silica on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs. The absorption mechanism studied through the zeta potential indicates that SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanocomposites (SiO2@Fe3O4 NCs) possess electrostatic interactions to control their agglomeration in stabilizing suspensions by providing a protective shield of amorphous SiO2 on the oxide surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate a spherical morphology having an average grain diameter of ∼11-17 nm with increasing thickness of SiO2 coating with the addition of a quantitative presence and proportion of elements determined through elemental mapping and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies. Synchrotron-based element-specific soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) techniques have been involved in the bulk-sensitive total fluorescence yield mode to understand the origin of magnetization in SiO2@Fe3O4 NCs. The magnetization hysteresis of Fe3O4 was determined by XMCD. At room temperature, the magnetic coercivity (Hc) is as high as 1 T, which is about 2 times more than the value of the thin film and about 5 times more pronounced than that of NPs. For noninteracting single-domain NPs with the Hc spread from 1 to 3 T, the Stoner-Wohlfarth model provided an intriguing explanation for the hysteresis curve. These curves determine the different components of Fe oxides present in the samples that derive the remnant magnetization involved in each oxidation state of Fe and clarify which Fe component is responsible for the resultant magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy based on noninteracting single-domain particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Dawn
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Zainul Aabdin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Ferry Faizal
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Camellia Panatarani
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, India
| | - Ariful Rahaman
- Centre for Materials Characterization & Testing, School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
| | - Asokan Kandasami
- Department of Physics & Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Kenta Amemiya
- Photon Factory, IMSS, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Vijay Raj Singh
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
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3
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Dawn R, Zzaman M, Faizal F, Kiran C, Kumari A, Shahid R, Panatarani C, Joni IM, Verma VK, Sahoo SK, Amemiya K, Singh VR. Origin of Magnetization in Silica-coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Revealed by Soft X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2022; 52:99. [PMCID: PMC9014780 DOI: 10.1007/s13538-022-01102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized using co-precipitation and modified Stöber methods, respectively. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). XRD and FTIR data confirmed the structural configuration of a single-phase Fe3O4 and the successful formation of SiO2-coated Fe3O4 NPs. XRD also confirmed that we have succeeded to synthesize nano-meter size of Fe3O4 NPs. HRTEM images showed the increasing thickness of SiO2-coated Fe3O4 with the addition of the Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS). Room temperature VSM analysis showed the magnetic behaviour of Fe3O4 and its variations that occurred after SiO2 coating. The magnetic behaviour is further authenticated by XAS spectra analysis which cleared about the existence of SiO2 shells that have transformed the crystal as well as the local structures of the magnetite NPs. We have performed XMCD measurements, which is a powerful element-specific technique to find out the origin of magnetization in SiO2-coated Fe3O4 NPs, that verified a decrease in magnetization with increasing thickness of the SiO2 coating. Graphical Abstract Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) and SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles have successfully been synthesized using co-precipitation and modified Stöber methods, respectively. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). XRD and FTIR data confirmed the structural configuration of a single-phase Fe3O4 and the successful formation of SiO2-coated Fe3O4 NPs. XRD also confirmed that we have succeeded to synthesize nano-meter size of Fe3O4 NPs. HRTEM images showed the increasing thickness of SiO2-coated Fe3O4 with the addition of the Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS). Room temperature VSM analysis showed the magnetic behaviour of Fe3O4 and its variations that occurred after SiO2 coating. The magnetic behaviour is further authenticated by XAS spectra analysis which cleared about the existence of SiO2 shells that have transformed the crystal as well as the local structures of the magnetite NPs. We have performed XMCD measurements, which is a powerful element-specific technique to find out the origin of magnetization in SiO2-coated Fe3O4 NPs, that verified a decrease in magnetization with increasing thickness of the SiO2 coating. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dawn
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
| | - M. Zzaman
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - F. Faizal
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
| | - C. Kiran
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, 191201 India
| | - A. Kumari
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
| | - R. Shahid
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - C. Panatarani
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
| | - I. M. Joni
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km 21, West Java, Bandung, 45363 Indonesia
| | - V. K. Verma
- Department of Physics, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, 517325 India
| | - S. K. Sahoo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 India
| | - K. Amemiya
- Photon Factory, IMSS, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - V. R. Singh
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya-824236, India
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Yamaguchi A, Akamatsu N, Saegusa S, Nakamura R, Utsumi Y, Kato M, Yagi I, Ishihara T, Oura M. In situ fluorescence yield soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of electrochemical nickel deposition processes with and without ethylene glycol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10425-10430. [PMID: 35424983 PMCID: PMC8982338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical Ni deposition at a platinum electrode was investigated in a plating nickel bath in the presence and absence of ethylene glycol (EG) using fluorescence yield soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (FY-XAS) in the Ni L2,3-edge and O K-edge regions under potential control. At ≤+0.35 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), the electrochemical Ni deposition was detected by the Ni L2,3-edge FY-XAS in the presence of EG whereas almost no such event was observed in the absence of EG. A drastic decrease of FY-XAS intensities in the O K-edge region was also observed in the presence of EG at >+0.35 V vs. RHE, suggesting that the nano-/micro-structured Ni deposition initiated by the removal of water molecules occurs on the Pt electrode. The complex formation of Ni2+ with EG and the adsorption of EG on the Ni surface could play an important role in the Ni deposition. This study demonstrates that the in situ FY-XAS is a powerful and surface-sensitive technique to understand (electro)chemical reactions including polyol synthesis and electrocatalysis at solid–liquid interfaces. Schematic drawing of electrochemical reactions of the Pt-coated SiC electrode, which separates the vacuum and the solution containing Ni2+ and ethylene glycol, in our spectro-electrochemical setup for the FY-XAS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Naoya Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shunya Saegusa
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuichi Utsumi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichizo Yagi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishihara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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5
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Mitsui T, Sakai S, Li S, Ueno T, Watanuki T, Kobayashi Y, Masuda R, Seto M, Akai H. Magnetic Friedel Oscillation at the Fe(001) Surface: Direct Observation by Atomic-Layer-Resolved Synchrotron Radiation ^{57}Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:236806. [PMID: 33337194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.236806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface magnetism of Fe(001) was studied in an atomic layer-by-layer fashion by using the in situ iron-57 probe layer method with a synchrotron Mössbauer source. The observed internal hyperfine field H_{int} exhibits a marked decrease at the surface and an oscillatory behavior with increasing depth in the individual upper four layers below the surface. The calculated layer-depth dependencies of the effective hyperfine field |H_{eff}|, isomer shift δ, and quadrupole shift 2ϵ agree well with the observed experimental parameters. These results provide the first experimental evidence for the magnetic Friedel oscillations, which penetrate several layers from the Fe(001) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mitsui
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - S Li
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - T Ueno
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - T Watanuki
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - R Masuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyocho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8152, Japan
| | - M Seto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - H Akai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Aiura Y, Ozawa K, Mase K, Minohara M, Suzuki S. Development of a high-precision XYZ translator and estimation of beam profile of the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:923-933. [PMID: 33566000 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520006712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A high-precision XYZ translator was developed for the microanalysis of electronic structures and chemical compositions on material surfaces by electron spectroscopy techniques, such as photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy, utilizing the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at an undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. Using the high-precision translator, the profile and size of the undulator beam were estimated. They were found to strongly depend on the photon energy but were less affected by the polarization direction. To demonstrate the microscopic measurement capability of an experimental apparatus incorporating a high-precision XYZ translator, the homogeneities of an SnO film and a naturally grown anatase TiO2 single crystal were investigated using X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies. The upgraded system can be used for elemental analyses and electronic structure studies at a spatial resolution in the order of the beam size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Aiura
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 308-8568, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Makoto Minohara
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 308-8568, Japan
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Sakamaki M, Amemiya K. Nanometer-resolution depth-resolved measurement of florescence-yield soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy for FeCo thin film. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083901. [PMID: 28863642 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We develop a fluorescence-yield depth-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) technique, which is based on the principle that the probing depth is changed by the emission angle of the fluorescence soft x rays. Compared with the electron-yield depth-resolved XAS technique, which has been established in this decade, we can observe wider range in-depth XAS distribution up to several tens of nm. Applying this technique to a 30 ML (∼4.3 nm) FeCo thin film, we observe Fe L-edge XAS spectra at the probing depth of 0.3-6 nm and find that the film has 22 ML (∼3.1 nm) surface oxide layer while its inner layer shows metallic state. We thus successfully obtain nanometer-resolution depth-resolved XAS spectra and further expect that operando measurement under the electric and/or magnetic fields is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakamaki
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Amemiya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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