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Jones TE, Teschner D, Piccinin S. Toward Realistic Models of the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9136-9223. [PMID: 39038270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) supplies the protons and electrons needed to transform renewable electricity into chemicals and fuels. However, the OER is kinetically sluggish; it operates at significant rates only when the applied potential far exceeds the reversible voltage. The origin of this overpotential is hidden in a complex mechanism involving multiple electron transfers and chemical bond making/breaking steps. Our desire to improve catalytic performance has then made mechanistic studies of the OER an area of major scientific inquiry, though the complexity of the reaction has made understanding difficult. While historically, mechanistic studies have relied solely on experiment and phenomenological models, over the past twenty years ab initio simulation has been playing an increasingly important role in developing our understanding of the electrocatalytic OER and its reaction mechanisms. In this Review we cover advances in our mechanistic understanding of the OER, organized by increasing complexity in the way through which the OER is modeled. We begin with phenomenological models built using experimental data before reviewing early efforts to incorporate ab initio methods into mechanistic studies. We go on to cover how the assumptions in these early ab initio simulations─no electric field, electrolyte, or explicit kinetics─have been relaxed. Through comparison with experimental literature, we explore the veracity of these different assumptions. We summarize by discussing the most critical open challenges in developing models to understand the mechanisms of the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Jones
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste 34136, Italy
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2
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Murke S, Chen W, Pezzotti S, Havenith M. Tuning Acid-Base Chemistry at an Electrified Gold/Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12423-12430. [PMID: 38599583 PMCID: PMC11082902 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Acid-base reactions are ubiquitous in solution chemistry, as well as in electrochemistry. However, macroscopic concepts derived in solutions, such as pKa and pH, differ significantly at electrified metal-aqueous interfaces due to specific solvation and applied voltage. Here, we measure the pKa values of an amino acid, glycine, at a gold/water interface under a varying applied voltage by means of spectroscopic titration. With the help of simulations, we propose a general model to understand potential-dependent shifts in pKa values in terms of local hydrophobicity and electric fields. These parameters can be tuned by adjusting the metal surface and applied voltage, respectively, offering promising, but still unexplored, paths to regulate reactivity. Our results change the focus with respect to common interpretations based on, for example, apparent local pH effects and open interesting perspectives for electrochemical reaction steering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martina Havenith
- Department of Physical Chemistry
II, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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3
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Cui K, Soudackov AV, Kessinger MC, Xu J, Meyer GJ, Hammes-Schiffer S. General Kinetic Model for pH Dependence of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Application to an Electrochemical Water Oxidation System. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19321-19332. [PMID: 37611195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The pH dependence of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions, which are critical to many chemical and biological processes, is a powerful probe for elucidating their fundamental mechanisms. Herein, a general, multichannel kinetic model is introduced to describe the pH dependence of both homogeneous and electrochemical PCET reactions. According to this model, a weak pH dependence can arise from the competition among multiple sequential and concerted PCET channels involving different forms of the redox species, such as protonated and deprotonated forms, as well as different proton donors and acceptors. The contribution of each channel is influenced by the relative populations of the reactant species, which often depend strongly on pH, leading to complex pH dependence of PCET apparent rate constants. This model is used to explain the origins of the experimentally observed weak pH dependence of the electrochemical PCET apparent rate constant for a ruthenium-based water oxidation catalyst attached to a tin-doped In2O3 (ITO) surface. The weak pH dependence is found to arise from the intrinsic differences in the rate constants of participating channels and the dependence of their relative contributions on pH. This model predicts that the apparent maximum rate constant will become pH-independent at higher pH, which is confirmed by experimental measurements. Our analysis also suggests that the dominant channels are electron transfer at lower pH and sequential PCET via electron transfer followed by fast proton transfer at higher pH. This work highlights the importance of considering multiple competing channels simultaneously for PCET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeremiah Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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4
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Huang Z, Rafiq M, Woldu AR, Tong QX, Astruc D, Hu L. Recent progress in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia (NRR). Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Warburton RE, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Modeling of Electrochemical Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10599-10650. [PMID: 35230812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays an essential role in a wide range of electrocatalytic processes. A vast array of theoretical and computational methods have been developed to study electrochemical PCET. These methods can be used to calculate redox potentials and pKa values for molecular electrocatalysts, proton-coupled redox potentials and bond dissociation free energies for PCET at metal and semiconductor interfaces, and reorganization energies associated with electrochemical PCET. Periodic density functional theory can also be used to compute PCET activation energies and perform molecular dynamics simulations of electrochemical interfaces. Various approaches for maintaining a constant electrode potential in electronic structure calculations and modeling complex interactions in the electric double layer (EDL) have been developed. Theoretical formulations for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical PCET spanning the adiabatic, nonadiabatic, and solvent-controlled regimes have been developed and provide analytical expressions for the rate constants and current densities as functions of applied potential. The quantum mechanical treatment of the proton and inclusion of excited vibronic states have been shown to be critical for describing experimental data, such as Tafel slopes and potential-dependent kinetic isotope effects. The calculated rate constants can be used as input to microkinetic models and voltammogram simulations to elucidate complex electrocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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6
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Tarrago M, Ye S, Neese F. Electronic structure analysis of electrochemical CO2 reduction by iron-porphyrins reveals basic requirements to design catalysts bearing non-innocent ligands. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10029-10047. [PMID: 36128248 PMCID: PMC9430493 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is a possible solution to the increasing CO2 concentration in the earth atmosphere, because it enables storage of energy while using the harmful CO2 feedstock as starting...
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tarrago
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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7
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Electrochemical and Mechanistic Study of Reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherol toward Electrogenerated Superoxide in N, N-Dimethylformamide through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010009. [PMID: 35052513 PMCID: PMC8773314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenging of superoxide radical anion (O2•−) by tocopherols (TOH) and related compounds was investigated on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrolytic electron spin resonance spectrum in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quasi-reversible dioxygen/O2•− redox was modified by the presence of TOH, suggesting that the electrogenerated O2•− was scavenged by α-, β-, γ-TOH through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), but not by δ-TOH. The reactivities of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-TOH toward O2•− characterized by the methyl group on the 6-chromanol ring was experimentally confirmed, where the methyl group promotes the PCET mechanism. Furthermore, comparative analyses using some related compounds suggested that the para-oxygen-atom in the 6-chromanol ring is required for a successful electron transfer (ET) to O2•− through the PCET. The electrochemical and DFT results in dehydrated DMF suggested that the PCET mechanism involves the preceding proton transfer (PT) forming a hydroperoxyl radical, followed by a PCET (intermolecular ET–PT). The O2•− scavenging by TOH proceeds efficiently along the PCET mechanism involving one ET and two PTs.
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8
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Pang Y, Su C, Jia G, Xu L, Shao Z. Emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12744-12787. [PMID: 34647937 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is essential to serve as the biological building blocks for maintaining organism function, and as the indispensable nitrogenous fertilizers for increasing the yield of nutritious crops. The current Haber-Bosch process for industrial NH3 production is highly energy- and capital-intensive. In light of this, the electroreduction of nitrogen (N2) into valuable NH3, as an alternative, offers a sustainable pathway for the Haber-Bosch transition, because it utilizes renewable electricity and operates under ambient conditions. Identifying highly efficient electrocatalysts remains the priority in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), marking superior selectivity, activity, and stability. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with sufficient exposed active sites, high specific surface area, good conductivity, rich surface defects, and easily tunable electronic properties hold great promise for the adsorption and activation of nitrogen towards sustainable NRR. Therefore, this Review focuses on the fundamental principles and the key metrics being pursued in NRR. Based on the fundamental understanding, the recent efforts devoted to engineering protocols for constructing 2D electrocatalysts towards NRR are presented. Then, the state-of-the-art 2D electrocatalysts for N2 reduction to NH3 are summarized, aiming at providing a comprehensive overview of the structure-performance relationships of 2D electrocatalysts towards NRR. Finally, we propose the challenges and future outlook in this prospective area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Pang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Chao Su
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China. .,WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Liqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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9
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Fraggedakis D, McEldrew M, Smith RB, Krishnan Y, Zhang Y, Bai P, Chueh WC, Shao-Horn Y, Bazant MZ. Theory of coupled ion-electron transfer kinetics. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Developing micro-kinetic model for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide on copper electrode. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Lei H, Singh Siwal S, Zhang X, Zhang Q. Compositional and morphological engineering of in-situ-grown Ag nanoparticles on Cu substrate for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction activity: A novel electrochemical redox tuning approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:1-12. [PMID: 32182494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) developed on a copper substrate, Ag NPs/Cu, are synthesized by a novel and facile galvanic replacement method performed in Ethaline deep eutectic solvent (DES). It reveals that the Ag NPs could be well dispersed on the Cu support via an in-situ electrochemical oxidation-reduction (ECO-ECR) activation process, which deliver significantly enhanced activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The in-situ redox tuning triggers a reversible phase transformation of the formed initially Ag NPs, Ag ↔ Ag2O, with surface reconstruction and gives rise to a strong metal-support interaction with tailored atomic/electronic structures, resulting in enhanced ORR activity. Impressively, the introduction of NiII ions can regulate the galvanic replacement kinetics by mediating the diffusion of AgI ions and subsequent growth of Ag on the Cu surface in Ethaline, leading to the formation of uniformly distributed Ag NPs. Coupled with redox activation, the optimal Ag-Ni1 NPs/Cu_ECO-ECR exhibits ORR activity similar to that of the commercial state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst, and better long-term durability (95% activity retention after 30,000 s), cyclic stability performance, and anti-poisoning capacity for methanol (96% after 3300 s), suggesting it a promising ORR electrocatalyst for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Metallurgy, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Metallurgy, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Kunming Metallurgy Research Institute, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Metallurgy, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, PR China.
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12
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Huang Y, Babu DD, Peng Z, Wang Y. Atomic Modulation, Structural Design, and Systematic Optimization for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902390. [PMID: 32099758 PMCID: PMC7029727 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a pivotal precursor in fertilizer production and a potential energy carrier. Currently, ammonia production worldwide relies on the traditional Haber-Bosch process, which consumes massive energy and has a large carbon footprint. Recently, electrochemical dinitrogen reduction to ammonia under ambient conditions has attracted considerable interest owing to its advantages of flexibility and environmental friendliness. However, the biggest challenge in dinitrogen electroreduction, i.e., the low efficiency and selectivity caused by poor specificity of electrocatalysts/electrolytic systems, still needs to be overcome. Although substantial progress has been made in recent years, acquiring most available electrocatalysts still relies on low efficiency trial-and-error methods. It is thus imperative to establish some critical guiding principles for nitrogen electroreduction toward a rational design and accelerated development of this field. Herein, a basic understanding of dinitrogen electroreduction processes and the inherent relationships between adsorbates and catalysts from fundamental theory are described, followed by an outline of the crucial principles for designing efficient electrocatalysts/electrocatalytic systems derived from a systematic evaluation of the latest significant achievements. Finally, the future research directions and prospects of this field are given, with a special emphasis on the opportunities available by following the guiding principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsState Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and PhysicsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Dickson D. Babu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsState Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and PhysicsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Zhen Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsState Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and PhysicsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsState Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and PhysicsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350002China
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13
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Shi JL, Xiang SQ, Zhang W, Zhao LB. A thermodynamic and kinetic study of the catalytic performance of Fe, Mo, Rh and Ru for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25973-25981. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05072e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potential energy curves of Fe(110) and Rh(111) at the corresponding equilibrium electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shi-Qin Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Liu-Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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14
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Oldacre AN, Young ER. Electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer of an anthracene-based azo dye. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14804-14811. [PMID: 35497176 PMCID: PMC9052096 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism for electrochemical proton-coupled electron transfer involving the anthracene-based azo dye azo-OMe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Oldacre
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Lawrence University
- New York
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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15
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Exner KS, Over H. Beyond the Rate-Determining Step in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction over a Single-Crystalline IrO2(110) Model Electrode: Kinetic Scaling Relations. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Exner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Herbert Over
- Physical Chemistry Department, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Tian T, Zheng M, Lin J, Meng X, Ding Y. Amorphous Ni–Fe double hydroxide hollow nanocubes enriched with oxygen vacancies as efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1044-1047. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A hollow nanocube Ni0.75Fe0.25(OH)x exhibits good oxygen evolution activity, which should be attributed to electronic modulation and abundant oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Junqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
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17
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Li Y, Kitadai N, Nakamura R. Chemical Diversity of Metal Sulfide Minerals and Its Implications for the Origin of Life. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8040046. [PMID: 30308967 PMCID: PMC6316247 DOI: 10.3390/life8040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic organic synthesis catalyzed by Earth-abundant metal sulfides is a key process for understanding the evolution of biochemistry from inorganic molecules, yet the catalytic functions of sulfides have remained poorly explored in the context of the origin of life. Past studies on prebiotic chemistry have mostly focused on a few types of metal sulfide catalysts, such as FeS or NiS, which form limited types of products with inferior activity and selectivity. To explore the potential of metal sulfides on catalyzing prebiotic chemical reactions, here, the chemical diversity (variations in chemical composition and phase structure) of 304 natural metal sulfide minerals in a mineralogy database was surveyed. Approaches to rationally predict the catalytic functions of metal sulfides are discussed based on advanced theories and analytical tools of electrocatalysis such as proton-coupled electron transfer, structural comparisons between enzymes and minerals, and in situ spectroscopy. To this end, we introduce a model of geoelectrochemistry driven prebiotic synthesis for chemical evolution, as it helps us to predict kinetics and selectivity of targeted prebiotic chemistry under “chemically messy conditions”. We expect that combining the data-mining of mineral databases with experimental methods, theories, and machine-learning approaches developed in the field of electrocatalysis will facilitate the prediction and verification of catalytic performance under a wide range of pH and Eh conditions, and will aid in the rational screening of mineral catalysts involved in the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Norio Kitadai
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei Nakamura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
- Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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18
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Göttle AJ, Koper MTM. Determinant Role of Electrogenerated Reactive Nucleophilic Species on Selectivity during Reduction of CO 2 Catalyzed by Metalloporphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4826-4834. [PMID: 29551059 PMCID: PMC5897864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work provides insights to understand the selectivity during the reduction of CO2 with metalloporphyrin (MP) catalysts. The attack of a nucleophile on the carbon of the CO2 appears as an important event that triggers the catalytic reaction, and the nature of this nucleophile determines the selectivity between CO (or further reduced species) and HCOOH/HCOO-. For MP, the possible electrogenerated nucleophiles are the reduced metal-center and the hydride donor species, metal-hydride and phlorin-hydride ligand. The reduced metal-center activates the CO2 with the formation of the metal-carbon bond, which then gives rise to the formation of CO. The hydride donor species trigger the CO2 reduction by the attack of the hydride on the carbon of the CO2 (formation of a C-H bond), which results in the formation of HCOOH/HCOO- (formation of the metal-bonded formate intermediate is not involved). The MP with the metals Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cd, Ga, In, and Sn are predicted to only form the phlorin-hydride intermediate and are thus suitable to produce HCOOH/HCOO-. This agrees well with the available experimental results. The MP with the metals Fe, Co, and Rh can form both the reduced-metal center and the hydride donor species (metal-hydride and phlorin-hydride), and thus are able to form both CO and HCOOH/HCOO-. The production of CO for Fe and Co is indeed observed experimentally, but not for Rh, probably due to the presence of axial ligands that may hinder the formation of the metal-bonded intermediates and thus drive the CO2RR to HCOOH/HCOO- via the phlorin intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien J. Göttle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO
Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Pang H, Masuda T, Ye J. Semiconductor-Based Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: Stepping Towards Artificial Photosynthesis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:127-142. [PMID: 29193762 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide reduction process stands out as a promising avenue for the conversion of solar energy into chemical feedstocks, among various methods available for carbon dioxide mitigation. Semiconductors derived from cheap and abundant elements are interesting candidates for catalysis. Whether employed as intrinsic semiconductors or hybridized with metallic cocatalysts, biocatalysts, and metal molecular complexes, semiconductor photocathodes exhibit good performance and low overpotential during carbon dioxide reduction. Apart from focusing on carbon dioxide reduction materials and chemistry, PEC cells towards standalone devices that use photohybrid electrodes or solar cells have also been a hot topic in recent research. An overview of the state-of-the-art progress in PEC carbon dioxide reduction is presented and a deep understanding of the catalysts of carbon dioxide reduction is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pang
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical, Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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20
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Call A, Franco F, Kandoth N, Fernández S, González-Béjar M, Pérez-Prieto J, Luis JM, Lloret-Fillol J. Understanding light-driven H 2 evolution through the electronic tuning of aminopyridine cobalt complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 9:2609-2619. [PMID: 29675253 PMCID: PMC5892349 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic effects provide a general mechanistic scenario for rationalizing photocatalytic water reduction activity with aminopyridine cobalt complexes.
A new family of cobalt complexes with the general formula [CoII(OTf)2(Y,XPyMetacn)] (1R, Y,XPyMetacn = 1-[(4-X-3,5-Y-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, (X = CN (1CN), CO2Et (1CO2Et), Cl (1Cl), H (1H), NMe2 (1NMe2)) where (Y = H, and X = OMe when Y = Me (1DMM)) is reported. We found that the electronic tuning of the Y,XPyMetacn ligand not only has an impact on the electronic and structural properties of the metal center, but also allows for a systematic water-reduction-catalytic control. In particular, the increase of the electron-withdrawing character of the pyridine moiety promotes a 20-fold enhancement of the catalytic outcome. By UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence quenching studies and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS), we have studied the direct reaction of the photogenerated [IrIII(ppy)2(bpy˙–)] (PSIr) species to form the elusive CoI intermediates. In particular, our attention is focused on the effect of the ligand architecture in this elemental step of the catalytic mechanism. Finally, kinetic isotopic experiments together with DFT calculations provide complementary information about the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Call
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Noufal Kandoth
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - María González-Béjar
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) , Universidad de Valencia , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna , E46980 Valencia , Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) , Universidad de Valencia , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna , E46980 Valencia , Spain
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , E17071 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain . .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) , Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 , 08010 , Barcelona , Spain
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21
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Song K, Shi Q. Theoretical study of photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer reaction using the non-perturbative hierarchical equations of motion method. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Pinto da Silva L, Simkovitch R, Huppert D, Esteves da Silva JC. Combined experimental and theoretical study of the photochemistry of 4- and 3-hydroxycoumarin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Görlin M, Ferreira de Araújo J, Schmies H, Bernsmeier D, Dresp S, Gliech M, Jusys Z, Chernev P, Kraehnert R, Dau H, Strasser P. Tracking Catalyst Redox States and Reaction Dynamics in Ni-Fe Oxyhydroxide Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts: The Role of Catalyst Support and Electrolyte pH. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2070-2082. [PMID: 28080038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ni-Fe oxyhydroxides are the most active known electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes and are therefore of great scientific and technological importance in the context of electrochemical energy conversion. Here we uncover, investigate, and discuss previously unaddressed effects of conductive supports and the electrolyte pH on the Ni-Fe(OOH) catalyst redox behavior and catalytic OER activity, combining in situ UV-vis spectro-electrochemistry, operando electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), and in situ cryo X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Supports and pH > 13 strongly enhanced the precatalytic voltammetric charge of the Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide redox peak couple, shifted them more cathodically, and caused a 2-3-fold increase in the catalytic OER activity. Analysis of DEMS-based faradaic oxygen efficiency and electrochemical UV-vis traces consistently confirmed our voltammetric observations, evidencing both a more cathodic O2 release and a more cathodic onset of Ni oxidation at higher pH. Using UV-vis, which can monitor the amount of oxidized Ni+3/+4 in situ, confirmed an earlier onset of the redox process at high electrolyte pH and further provided evidence of a smaller fraction of Ni+3/+4 in mixed Ni-Fe centers, confirming the unresolved paradox of a reduced metal redox activity with increasing Fe content. A nonmonotonic super-Nernstian pH dependence of the redox peaks with increasing Fe content-displaying Pourbaix slopes as steep as -120 mV/pH-suggested a two proton-one electron transfer. We explain and discuss the experimental pH effects using refined coupled (PCET) and decoupled proton transfer-electron transfer (PT/ET) schemes involving negatively charged oxygenate ligands generated at Fe centers. Together, we offer new insight into the catalytic reaction dynamics and associated catalyst redox chemistry of the most important class of alkaline OER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Görlin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Ferreira de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Schmies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Bernsmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Dresp
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Gliech
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zenonas Jusys
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petko Chernev
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kraehnert
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Chen LD, Urushihara M, Chan K, Nørskov JK. Electric Field Effects in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne D. Chen
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305−5025, United States
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Makoto Urushihara
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305−5025, United States
- Central
Research Institute, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002−14
Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311−0102, Japan
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305−5025, United States
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jens K. Nørskov
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305−5025, United States
- SUNCAT
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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25
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Simkovitch R, Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG, Huppert D. Comparison of the Photoprotolytic Processes of Three 7-Hydroxycoumarins. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10297-10310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Simkovitch
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | - Dan Huppert
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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26
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Göttle AJ, Koper MTM. Proton-coupled electron transfer in the electrocatalysis of CO 2 reduction: prediction of sequential vs. concerted pathways using DFT. Chem Sci 2016; 8:458-465. [PMID: 28451193 PMCID: PMC5298188 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we investigate computationally in detail the mechanism of the formation of the carboxylate adduct during the electroreduction of CO2 in water catalysed by cobalt porphyrin complexes. Specifically, we address qualitatively the competition between the concerted and sequential pathways for the proton-coupled electron transfer. We use a simple methodology for accurate computation of the pKa of the neutral and anionic carboxylate intermediates, [CoP-COOH] and [CoP-COOH]- (where CoP is a cobalt porphine complex), based on the isodesmic proton-exchange reaction scheme. The predicted values are used as in input for a theoretical model that describes the transition between the sequential and concerted pathways. The activation of the sequential pathway (ET-PT) that leads to the formation of the neutral [CoP-COOH] intermediate at pH ≈ 3.5 (pKa[CoP-COOH] = 3.5 ± 0.4), as predicted by the calculations, is in good agreement with the drastic increase in the faradaic efficiency of the CO2 reduction reaction towards CO at pH = 3 compared to pH = 1, as experimentally observed. This confirms the existence of the CO2 anionic adduct [CoP-CO2]- as a viable intermediate at pH = 3 and its crucial role for the pH dependence of the faradaic efficiency for the CO2 reduction. The analysis also shows that when the pH is significantly higher than the pKa of the neutral carboxylate adduct, the CO2 reduction has to go through an alternative pathway with the formation of the anionic carboxylate intermediate [CoP-COOH]-. It is formed through a concerted proton-electron transfer step from the anionic CO2 adduct [CoP-CO2]- when the pH is below ∼8.6 (pKa[CoP-COOH]- = 8.6 ± 0.4). At pH ≈ 8.6 and above, another decoupled ET-PT is predicted to take place, leading to the formation of a dianionic CO2 adduct [CoP-CO2]2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien J Göttle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , PO Box 9502 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands .
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , PO Box 9502 , 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands .
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27
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Yaguchi M, Uchida T, Motobayashi K, Osawa M. Speciation of Adsorbed Phosphate at Gold Electrodes: A Combined Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and DFT Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3097-3102. [PMID: 27453430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significance of phosphate buffer solutions in (bio)electrochemistry, detailed adsorption properties of phosphate anions at metal surfaces remain poorly understood. Herein, phosphate adsorption at quasi-Au(111) surfaces prepared by a chemical deposition technique has been systematically investigated over a wide range of pH by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy in the ATR configuration (ATR-SEIRAS). Two different pH-dependent states of adsorbed phosphate are spectroscopically detected. Together with DFT calculations, the present study reveals that pKa for adsorbed phosphate species at the interface is much lower than that for phosphate species in the bulk solution; the dominant phosphate anion, H2PO4(-) at 2 < pH < 7 or HPO4(2-) at 7 < pH < 12, undergoes deprotonation upon adsorption and transforms into the adsorbed HPO4 or PO4, respectively. This study leads to a conclusion different than earlier spectroscopic studies have reached, highlighting the capability of the ATR-SEIRAS technique at electrified metal-solution interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Yaguchi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Uchida
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science, Shinshu University , Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kenta Motobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Osawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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28
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Green O, Simkovitch R, Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG, Shabat D, Huppert D. Excited-State Proton Transfer and Formation of the Excited Tautomer of 3-Hydroxypyridine-Dipicolinium Cyanine Dye. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6184-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ori Green
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Simkovitch
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | - Doron Shabat
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Huppert
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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29
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30
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Katsounaros I, Chen T, Gewirth AA, Markovic NM, Koper MTM. Evidence for Decoupled Electron and Proton Transfer in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia on Pt(100). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:387-392. [PMID: 26757266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The two traditional mechanisms of the electrochemical ammonia oxidation consider only concerted proton-electron transfer elementary steps and thus they predict that the rate-potential relationship is independent of the pH on the pH-corrected RHE potential scale. In this letter we show that this is not the case: the increase of the solution pH shifts the onset of the NH3-to-N2 oxidation on Pt(100) to lower potentials and also leads to higher surface concentration of formed NOad before the latter is oxidized to nitrite. Therefore, we present a new mechanism for the ammonia oxidation that incorporates a deprotonation step occurring prior to the electron transfer. The deprotonation step yields a negatively charged surface-adsorbed species that is discharged in a subsequent electron transfer step before the N-N bond formation. The negatively charged species is thus a precursor for the formation of N2 and NO. The new mechanism should be a future guide for computational studies aiming at the identification of intermediates and corresponding activation barriers for the elementary steps. Ammonia oxidation is a new example of a bond-forming reaction on (100) terraces that involves decoupled proton-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Katsounaros
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory , Materials Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Leiden University , Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Chen
- Leiden University , Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Shandong Jianzhu University , School of Science, 250101 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad M Markovic
- Argonne National Laboratory , Materials Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden University , Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Plaisance CP, Reuter K, van Santen RA. Quantum chemistry of the oxygen evolution reaction on cobalt(ii,iii) oxide – implications for designing the optimal catalyst. Faraday Discuss 2016; 188:199-226. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory is used to examine the changes in electronic structure that occur during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyzed by active sites on three different surface terminations of Co3O4. These three active sites have reactive oxo species with differing degrees of coordination by Co cations – a μ3-oxo on the (311) surface, a μ2-oxo on the (110)-A surface, and an η-oxo on the (110)-B surface. The kinetically relevant step on all surfaces over a wide range of applied potentials is the nucleophilic addition of water to the oxo, which is responsible for formation of the O–O bond. The intrinsic reactivity of a site for this step is found to increase as the coordination of the oxo decreases with the μ3-oxo on the (311) surface being the least reactive and the η-oxo on the (110)-B surface being the most reactive. A detailed analysis of the electronic changes occurring during water addition on the three sites reveals that this trend is due to both a decrease in the attractive local Madelung potential on the oxo and a decrease in electron withdrawal from the oxo by Co neighbors. Applying a similar electronic structure analysis to the oxidation steps preceding water addition in the catalytic cycle shows that analogous electronic changes occur during this process, explaining a correlation observed between the oxidation potential of a site and its intrinsic reactivity for water addition. This concept is then used to specify criteria for the design of an optimal OER catalyst at a given applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Plaisance
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technical University of Munich
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technical University of Munich
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Rutger A. van Santen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry
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32
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Ramegowda M, Ranjitha KN, Deepika TN. Exploring excited state properties of 7-hydroxy and 7-methoxy 4-methycoumarin: a combined time-dependent density functional theory/effective fragment potential study. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond dynamics, C–OH bond contracting, O–H bond stretching and O–H⋯O HB strengthening reveal the ESHT in 4MU at the S1state.
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33
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Takashima T, Ishikawa K, Irie H. Efficient oxygen evolution on hematite at neutral pH enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14015-14018. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution activity of hematite at neutral pH was enhanced by inducing the concerted proton-coupled electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Ishikawa
- Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Irie
- Clean Energy Research Center
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu
- Japan
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34
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Xia W, Mahmood A, Liang Z, Zou R, Guo S. Earth-Abundant Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2650-76. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Materials Science & Engineering; College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Materials Science & Engineering; College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Materials Science & Engineering; College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Materials Science & Engineering; College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Materials Science & Engineering; College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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35
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Xia W, Mahmood A, Liang Z, Zou R, Guo S. Platinfreie Nanomaterialien für die Sauerstoffreduktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Peking 100871 VR China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Peking 100871 VR China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Peking 100871 VR China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Peking 100871 VR China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Peking 100871 VR China
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36
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Volcano Activity Relationships for Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions in Electrocatalysis. Top Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and methane at an immobilized cobalt protoporphyrin. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8177. [PMID: 26324108 PMCID: PMC4569799 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide and water into useful products is a major challenge in facilitating a closed carbon cycle. Here we report a cobalt protoporphyrin immobilized on a pyrolytic graphite electrode that reduces carbon dioxide in an aqueous acidic solution at relatively low overpotential (0.5 V), with an efficiency and selectivity comparable to the best porphyrin-based electrocatalyst in the literature. While carbon monoxide is the main reduction product, we also observe methane as by-product. The results of our detailed pH-dependent studies are explained consistently by a mechanism in which carbon dioxide is activated by the cobalt protoporphyrin through the stabilization of a radical intermediate, which acts as Brønsted base. The basic character of this intermediate explains how the carbon dioxide reduction circumvents a concerted proton–electron transfer mechanism, in contrast to hydrogen evolution. Our results and their mechanistic interpretations suggest strategies for designing improved catalysts. The conversion of carbon dioxide to useful products is a major challenge in energy research. Here, the authors report a cobalt protoporphyrin immobilized on graphite that is capable of the selective and efficient electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, primarily to carbon monoxide, in acidic media.
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38
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Wang Y, Hatakeyama M, Ogata K, Wakabayashi M, Jin F, Nakamura S. Activation of CO2by ionic liquid EMIM–BF4in the electrochemical system: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23521-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2to CO by an ionic liquid EMIM–BF4is one of the most promising CO2reduction processes proposed so far with its high Faradaic efficiency and low overpotential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Koji Ogata
- Nakamura Laboratory
- RIKEN Innovation Center
- Wako
- Japan
| | | | - Fangming Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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39
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Theoretical Study of the Nontraditional Enol-Based Photoacidity of Firefly Oxyluciferin. Chemphyschem 2014; 16:455-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Cheng J, Liu X, Kattirtzi JA, VandeVondele J, Sprik M. Aligning Electronic and Protonic Energy Levels of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Water Oxidation on Aqueous TiO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12046-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Cheng J, Liu X, Kattirtzi JA, VandeVondele J, Sprik M. Aligning Electronic and Protonic Energy Levels of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Water Oxidation on Aqueous TiO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG. Chemiexcitation Induced Proton Transfer: Enolate Oxyluciferin as the Firefly Bioluminophore. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5036458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pinto da Silva
- Centro de Investigação
em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- Centro de Investigação
em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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43
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Joo J, Uchida T, Cuesta A, Koper MT, Osawa M. The effect of pH on the electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid/formate on platinum: A mechanistic study by surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy coupled with cyclic voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Migliore A, Polizzi NF, Therien M, Beratan DN. Biochemistry and theory of proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3381-465. [PMID: 24684625 PMCID: PMC4317057 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Migliore
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Polizzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael
J. Therien
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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45
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Savarese M, Netti PA, Rega N, Adamo C, Ciofini I. Intermolecular proton shuttling in excited state proton transfer reactions: insights from theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8661-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of intermolecular proton shuttling involved in a prototypical excited state proton transfer reaction is disclosed using DFT and TD-DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Savarese
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘Paolo Corradini’
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘Paolo Corradini’
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘Paolo Corradini’
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- Complesso Universitario di M.S.Angelo
- 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB
| | - Carlo Adamo
- LECIME
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie
- Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l'Energie
- UMR
- France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- LECIME
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie
- Chimie des Interfaces et Modélisation pour l'Energie
- UMR
- France
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46
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Savarese M, Netti PA, Adamo C, Rega N, Ciofini I. Exploring the Metric of Excited State Proton Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16165-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406301p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Savarese
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ‘Paolo Corradini’, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modelisation pour
l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Bd Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ‘Paolo Corradini’, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire
d’Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modelisation pour
l’Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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47
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Joo J, Uchida T, Cuesta A, Koper MTM, Osawa M. Importance of Acid–Base Equilibrium in Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid on Platinum. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9991-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403578s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Joo
- Graduate School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8682, Japan
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Taro Uchida
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Instituto de Química Física
“Rocasolano”, CSIC, C. Serrano
119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masatoshi Osawa
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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48
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Calle-Vallejo F, Koper MTM. Theoretical Considerations on the Electroreduction of CO to C2Species on Cu(100) Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7282-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Calle-Vallejo F, Koper MTM. Theoretical Considerations on the Electroreduction of CO to C2Species on Cu(100) Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Koper MTM. Theory of multiple proton–electron transfer reactions and its implications for electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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