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Manning JRH, Donval G, Tolladay M, Underwood TL, Parker SC, Düren T. Identifying pathways to metal-organic framework collapse during solvent activation with molecular simulations. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:25929-25937. [PMID: 38059071 PMCID: PMC10697055 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta04647h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are a vast family of nanoporous solids with potential applications ranging from drug delivery to environmental remediation. Application of MOFs in these scenarios is hindered, however, by difficulties in MOF 'activation' after initial synthesis - removal of the synthesis solvent from the pores to make the pore space accessible - often leading to framework collapse if improperly performed. While experimental studies have correlated collapse to specific solvent properties and conditions, the mechanism of activation-collapse is currently unknown. Developing this understanding would enable researchers to create better activation protocols for MOFs, accelerating discovery and process intensification. To achieve this goal, we simulated solvent removal using grand-canonical Monte Carlo and free energy perturbation methods. By framing activation as a fluid desorption problem, we investigated activation processes in the isoreticular metal organic framework (IRMOF) family of MOFs for different solvents. We identified two pathways for solvent activation - the solvent either desorbs uniformly from each individual pore or forms coexisting phases during desorption. These mesophases in turn lead to large capillary stresses within the framework, corroborating experimental hypotheses for the cause of activation-collapse. Finally, we found that the activation energy of solvent removal increased with pore size and connectivity due to the increased stability of solvent mesophases, matching experimental findings. Using these simulations, it is possible to screen MOF activation procedures, enabling rapid identification of ideal solvents and conditions and thus enabling faster development of MOFs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R H Manning
- Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes and Structures, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester UK
| | - Gaël Donval
- Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes and Structures, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath UK
| | - Mat Tolladay
- Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes and Structures, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath UK
| | | | | | - Tina Düren
- Centre for Integrated Materials, Processes and Structures, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath UK
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Braun E, Chen JJ, Schnell SK, Lin LC, Reimer JA, Smit B. Nanoporous Materials Can Tune the Critical Point of a Pure Substance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14349-52. [PMID: 26419318 PMCID: PMC4678509 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Molecular simulations and NMR relaxometry experiments demonstrate that pure benzene or xylene confined in isoreticular metal–organic frameworks (IRMOFs) exhibit true vapor–liquid phase equilibria where the effective critical point may be reduced by tuning the structure of the MOF. Our results are consistent with vapor and liquid phases extending over many MOF unit cells. These results are counterintuitive since the MOF pore diameters are approximately the same length scale as the adsorbate molecules. As applications of these materials in catalysis, separations, and gas storage rely on the ability to tune the properties of adsorbed molecules, we anticipate that the ability to systematically control the critical point, thereby preparing spatially inhomogeneous local adsorbate densities, could add a new design tool for MOF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Braun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Joseph J Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Sondre K Schnell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim (Norway)
| | - Li-Chiang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA).,Department of Process and Energy, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA). .,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA).
| | - Berend Smit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA). .,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA). .,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA). .,Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Valais, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion (Switzerland).
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Braun E, Chen JJ, Schnell SK, Lin L, Reimer JA, Smit B. Nanoporous Materials Can Tune the Critical Point of a Pure Substance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Braun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Joseph J. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Sondre K. Schnell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim (Norway)
| | - Li‐Chiang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Department of Process and Energy, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Berend Smit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Valais, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH‐1951 Sion (Switzerland)
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Li Y, Li J, Liu B. The atomistic mechanism of hcp-to-bcc martensitic transformation in the Ti–Nb system revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4184-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04894f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic mechanism of the hcp-to-bcc martensitic transformation and the corresponding crystallographic correlation has been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - JiaHao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - BaiXin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Ushimi T, Miyakubo K, Eguchi T, Ueda T. Melting Point Elevation of Tetramethylsilane Confined in a Zn-Based Metal–Organic Framework. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.131029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Ushimi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Keisuke Miyakubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- The Museum of Osaka University, Osaka University
| | - Taro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- The Museum of Osaka University, Osaka University
| | - Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
- The Museum of Osaka University, Osaka University
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