1
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Thompson NB, Mulfort KL, Tiede DM. Toward a quantitative description of solvation structure: a framework for differential solution scattering measurements. IUCRJ 2024; 11:423-433. [PMID: 38700232 PMCID: PMC11067739 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Appreciating that the role of the solute-solvent and other outer-sphere interactions is essential for understanding chemistry and chemical dynamics in solution, experimental approaches are needed to address the structural consequences of these interactions, complementing condensed-matter simulations and coarse-grained theories. High-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) combined with pair distribution function analysis presents the opportunity to probe these structures directly and to develop quantitative, atomistic models of molecular systems in situ in the solution phase. However, at concentrations relevant to solution-phase chemistry, the total scattering signal is dominated by the bulk solvent, prompting researchers to adopt a differential approach to eliminate this unwanted background. Though similar approaches are well established in quantitative structural studies of macromolecules in solution by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), analogous studies in the HEXS regime-where sub-ångström spatial resolution is achieved-remain underdeveloped, in part due to the lack of a rigorous theoretical description of the experiment. To address this, herein we develop a framework for differential solution scattering experiments conducted at high energies, which includes concepts of the solvent-excluded volume introduced to describe SAXS/WAXS data, as well as concepts from the time-resolved X-ray scattering community. Our theory is supported by numerical simulations and experiment and paves the way for establishing quantitative methods to determine the atomic structures of small molecules in solution with resolution approaching that of crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas B. Thompson
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 USA
| | - David M. Tiede
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 USA
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2
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Velasco L, Liu C, Zhang X, Grau S, Gil-Sepulcre M, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Picón A, Llobet A, DeBeer S, Moonshiram D. Mapping the Ultrafast Mechanistic Pathways of Co Photocatalysts in Pure Water through Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300719. [PMID: 37548998 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond time-resolved X-ray (tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy (OTA) are applied to study 3 multimolecular photocatalytic systems with [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ photoabsorber, ascorbic acid electron donor and Co catalysts with methylene (1), hydroxomethylene (2) and methyl (3) amine substituents in pure water. OTA and tr-XAS of 1 and 2 show that the favored catalytic pathway involves reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer and electron transfer to the catalyst to form a CoII square pyramidal intermediate with a bonded aqua molecule followed by a CoI square planar derivative that decays within ≈8 μs. By contrast, a CoI square pyramidal intermediate with a longer decay lifetime of ≈35 μs is formed from an analogous CoII geometry for 3 in H2 O. These results highlight the protonation of CoI to form the elusive hydride species to be the rate limiting step and show that the catalytic rate can be enhanced through hydrogen containing pendant amines that act as H-H bond formation proton relays.
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Grants
- RYC2020-029863-I Ramon y Cajal grant
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC-ICMM)
- PIE grant
- 20226AT001 CSIC-ICMM
- PID2019-111086RA-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- TED2021-132757B-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- PID2022-143013OB-I00 Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades grants
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- PID2021-126560NB-I00 DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- 2017-T1/IND-5432 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE
- 2021-5A/IND-20959 MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE
- Comunidad de Madrid through TALENTO program
- Max Planck Society
- RYC2019-027423-I Ramon y Cajal grant
- PID2019-111617RB-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- SO-CEX2019-000925-S Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000110 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Advanced Photon Source (APS); a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 Argonne National Laboratory
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Velasco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont IL, 60439, U.S.A
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont IL, 60439, U.S.A
| | - Sergi Grau
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Bimetallic Copper/Ruthenium/Osmium Complexes: Observation of Conformational Differences Between the Solution Phase and Solid State by Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Xie ZL, Liu X, Valentine AJS, Lynch VM, Tiede DM, Li X, Mulfort KL. Bimetallic Copper/Ruthenium/Osmium Complexes: Observation of Conformational Differences Between the Solution Phase and Solid State by Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111764. [PMID: 34788495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-energy X-ray scattering and pair distribution function analysis (HEXS/PDF) is a powerful method to reveal the structure of materials lacking long-range order, but is underutilized for molecular complexes in solution. We demonstrate the application of HEXS/PDF with 0.26 Å resolution to uncover the solution structure of five bimetallic CuI /RuII /OsII complexes. HEXS/PDF of each complex in acetonitrile solution confirms the pairwise distances in the local coordination sphere of each metal center as well as the metal⋅⋅⋅metal distances separated by over 12 Å. The metal⋅⋅⋅metal distance detected in solution is compared with that from the crystal structure and molecular models to confirm that distortions to the metal bridging ligand are unique to the solid state. This work presents the first example of observing sub-Ångström conformational differences by direct comparison of solution phase and solid-state structures and shows the potential for HEXS/PDF in the determination of solution structure of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24TH ST., Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - David M Tiede
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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5
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Huber‐Gedert M, Nowakowski M, Kertmen A, Burkhardt L, Lindner N, Schoch R, Herbst‐Irmer R, Neuba A, Schmitz L, Choi T, Kubicki J, Gawelda W, Bauer M. Fundamental Characterization, Photophysics and Photocatalysis of a Base Metal Iron(II)-Cobalt(III) Dyad. Chemistry 2021; 27:9905-9918. [PMID: 33884671 PMCID: PMC8362051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new base metal iron-cobalt dyad has been obtained by connection between a heteroleptic tetra-NHC iron(II) photosensitizer combining a 2,6-bis[3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]pyridine with 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)-4,4'-bipyridine ligand, and a cobaloxime catalyst. This novel iron(II)-cobalt(III) assembly has been extensively characterized by ground- and excited-state methods like X-ray crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, (spectro-)electrochemistry, and steady-state and time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the stability of the molecular assembly in solution and determination of the excited-state landscape. NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy reveal dissociation of the dyad in acetonitrile at concentrations below 1 mM and high photostability. Transient absorption spectroscopy after excitation into the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption band suggests a relaxation cascade originating from hot singlet and triplet MLCT states, leading to the population of the 3 MLCT state that exhibits the longest lifetime. Finally, decay into the ground state involves a 3 MC state. Attachment of cobaloxime to the iron photosensitizer increases the 3 MLCT lifetime at the iron centre. Together with the directing effect of the linker, this potentially makes the dyad more active in photocatalytic proton reduction experiments than the analogous two-component system, consisting of the iron photosensitizer and Co(dmgH)2 (py)Cl. This work thus sheds new light on the functionality of base metal dyads, which are important for more efficient and sustainable future proton reduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Huber‐Gedert
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Ahmet Kertmen
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Natalia Lindner
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Lennart Schmitz
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | | | - Jacek Kubicki
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Universitario28049MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaCalle Faraday 928049MadridSpain
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
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6
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Barry E, Burns R, Chen W, De Hoe GX, De Oca JMM, de Pablo JJ, Dombrowski J, Elam JW, Felts AM, Galli G, Hack J, He Q, He X, Hoenig E, Iscen A, Kash B, Kung HH, Lewis NHC, Liu C, Ma X, Mane A, Martinson ABF, Mulfort KL, Murphy J, Mølhave K, Nealey P, Qiao Y, Rozyyev V, Schatz GC, Sibener SJ, Talapin D, Tiede DM, Tirrell MV, Tokmakoff A, Voth GA, Wang Z, Ye Z, Yesibolati M, Zaluzec NJ, Darling SB. Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems: The Central Role of Water/Solid Interfaces in Adsorption, Reactivity, and Transport. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9450-9501. [PMID: 34213328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure, chemistry, and charge of interfaces between materials and aqueous fluids play a central role in determining properties and performance of numerous water systems. Sensors, membranes, sorbents, and heterogeneous catalysts almost uniformly rely on specific interactions between their surfaces and components dissolved or suspended in the water-and often the water molecules themselves-to detect and mitigate contaminants. Deleterious processes in these systems such as fouling, scaling (inorganic deposits), and corrosion are also governed by interfacial phenomena. Despite the importance of these interfaces, much remains to be learned about their multiscale interactions. Developing a deeper understanding of the molecular- and mesoscale phenomena at water/solid interfaces will be essential to driving innovation to address grand challenges in supplying sufficient fit-for-purpose water in the future. In this Review, we examine the current state of knowledge surrounding adsorption, reactivity, and transport in several key classes of water/solid interfaces, drawing on a synergistic combination of theory, simulation, and experiments, and provide an outlook for prioritizing strategic research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Barry
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Raelyn Burns
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Guilhem X De Hoe
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Joan Manuel Montes De Oca
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - James Dombrowski
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Jeffrey W Elam
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Alanna M Felts
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - John Hack
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Qiming He
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Xiang He
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Eli Hoenig
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Aysenur Iscen
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Benjamin Kash
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Harold H Kung
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Nicholas H C Lewis
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Xinyou Ma
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Anil Mane
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Alex B F Martinson
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Julia Murphy
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, Kgs. Lyngby, Lyngby, Hovedstaden 2800, DK Denmark
| | - Paul Nealey
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Yijun Qiao
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Vepa Rozyyev
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Steven J Sibener
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Dmitri Talapin
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - David M Tiede
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Zhongyang Wang
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Zifan Ye
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Murat Yesibolati
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, Kgs. Lyngby, Lyngby, Hovedstaden 2800, DK Denmark
| | - Nestor J Zaluzec
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Photon Sciences Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Seth B Darling
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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7
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Tiede DM, Kwon G, He X, Mulfort KL, Martinson ABF. Characterizing electronic and atomic structures for amorphous and molecular metal oxide catalysts at functional interfaces by combining soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13276-13296. [PMID: 32567636 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous thin film materials and heterogenized molecular catalysts supported on electrode and other functional interfaces are widely investigated as promising catalyst formats for applications in solar and electrochemical fuels catalysis. However the amorphous character of these catalysts and the complexity of the interfacial architectures that merge charge transport properties of electrode and semiconductor supports with discrete sites for multi-step catalysis poses challenges for probing mechanisms that activate and tune sites for catalysis. This minireview discusses advances in soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering that provide opportunities to resolve interfacial electronic and atomic structures, respectively, that are linked to catalysis. This review discusses how these techniques can be partnered with advances in nanostructured interface synthesis for combined soft X-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering analyses of thin film and heterogenized molecular catalysts. These combined approaches enable opportunities for the characterization of both electronic and atomic structures underlying fundamental catalytic function, and that can be applied under conditions relevant to device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA.
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8
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Kwon G, Cho YH, Kim KB, Emery JD, Kim IS, Zhang X, Martinson ABF, Tiede DM. Microfluidic electrochemical cell for in situ structural characterization of amorphous thin-film catalysts using high-energy X-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1600-1611. [PMID: 31490150 PMCID: PMC6730625 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous, high-surface-area electrode architectures are described that allow structural characterization of interfacial amorphous thin films with high spatial resolution under device-relevant functional electrochemical conditions using high-energy X-ray (>50 keV) scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Porous electrodes were fabricated from glass-capillary array membranes coated with conformal transparent conductive oxide layers, consisting of either a 40 nm-50 nm crystalline indium tin oxide or a 100 nm-150 nm-thick amorphous indium zinc oxide deposited by atomic layer deposition. These porous electrodes solve the problem of insufficient interaction volumes for catalyst thin films in two-dimensional working electrode designs and provide sufficiently low scattering backgrounds to enable high-resolution signal collection from interfacial thin-film catalysts. For example, PDF measurements were readily obtained with 0.2 Å spatial resolution for amorphous cobalt oxide films with thicknesses down to 60 nm when deposited on a porous electrode with 40 µm-diameter pores. This level of resolution resolves the cobaltate domain size and structure, the presence of defect sites assigned to the domain edges, and the changes in fine structure upon redox state change that are relevant to quantitative structure-function modeling. The results suggest the opportunity to leverage the porous, electrode architectures for PDF analysis of nanometre-scale surface-supported molecular catalysts. In addition, a compact 3D-printed electrochemical cell in a three-electrode configuration is described which is designed to allow for simultaneous X-ray transmission and electrolyte flow through the porous working electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Kwon
- Argonne Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech Room L110, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
- Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yeong-Ho Cho
- Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu 151-744, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Kim
- Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu 151-744, South Korea
| | - Jonathan D. Emery
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - In Soo Kim
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alex B. F. Martinson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Davd M. Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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Eckenhoff WT. Molecular catalysts of Co, Ni, Fe, and Mo for hydrogen generation in artificial photosynthetic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Reikowski F, Wiegmann T, Stettner J, Drnec J, Honkimäki V, Maroun F, Allongue P, Magnussen OM. Transmission Surface Diffraction for Operando Studies of Heterogeneous Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1067-1071. [PMID: 28201875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Processes at material interfaces to liquids or to high-pressure gases often involve structural changes that are heterogeneous on the micrometer scale. We present a novel in situ X-ray scattering technique that uses high-energy photons and a transmission geometry for atomic-scale studies under these conditions. Transmission surface diffraction gives access to a large fraction of reciprocal space in a single acquisition, allowing direct imaging of the in-plane atomic arrangement at the interface. Experiments with focused X-ray beams enable mapping of these structural properties with micrometer spatial resolution. The potential of this new technique is illustrated by in situ studies of electrochemical surface phase transitions and deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
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12
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Li J, Güttinger R, Moré R, Song F, Wan W, Patzke GR. Frontiers of water oxidation: the quest for true catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6124-6147. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Development of advanced analytical techniques is essential for the identification of water oxidation catalysts together with mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - R. Güttinger
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - R. Moré
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - F. Song
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - W. Wan
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. R. Patzke
- University of Zurich
- Department of Chemistry
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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13
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Soltau SR, Dahlberg PD, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Mulfort KL, Utschig LM. Ru-protein-Co biohybrids designed for solar hydrogen production: understanding electron transfer pathways related to photocatalytic function. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7068-7078. [PMID: 28451142 PMCID: PMC5355951 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two ruthenium-protein-cobaloxime biohybrids produce photocatalytic hydrogen through different catalytic pathways characterized by EPR and transient optical spectroscopies.
A series of Ru–protein–Co biohybrids have been prepared using the electron transfer proteins ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) as scaffolds for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The light-generated charge separation within these hybrids has been monitored by transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Two distinct electron transfer pathways are observed. The Ru–Fd–Co biohybrid produces up to 650 turnovers of H2 utilizing an oxidative quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)* and a sequential electron transfer pathway via the native [2Fe–2S] cluster to generate a Ru(iii)–Fd–Co(i) charge separated state that lasts for ∼6 ms. In contrast, a direct electron transfer pathway occurs for the Ru–ApoFld–Co biohybrid, which lacks an internal electron relay, generating Ru(i)–ApoFld–Co(i) charge separated state that persists for ∼800 μs and produces 85 turnovers of H2 by a reductive quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)*. This work demonstrates the utility of protein architectures for linking donor and catalytic function via direct or sequential electron transfer pathways to enable stabilized charge separation which facilitates photocatalysis for solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Soltau
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544
| | - Peter D Dahlberg
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544.,Graduate Program in Biophysics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL 60637 , USA
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544
| | - Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; Tel: +1-630-252-3544
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Moonshiram D, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Guda A, Picon A, Lehmann CS, Zhang X, Doumy G, March AM, Benet-Buchholz J, Soldatov A, Llobet A, Southworth SH. Tracking the Structural and Electronic Configurations of a Cobalt Proton Reduction Catalyst in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10586-96. [PMID: 27452370 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy (X-TAS) has been used to study the light-induced hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by a tetradentate macrocyclic cobalt complex with the formula [LCo(III)Cl2](+) (L = macrocyclic ligand), [Ru(bpy)3](2+) photosensitizer, and an equimolar mixture of sodium ascorbate/ascorbic acid electron donor in pure water. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis of a binary mixture of the octahedral Co(III) precatalyst and [Ru(bpy)3](2+) after illumination revealed in situ formation of a Co(II) intermediate with significantly distorted geometry and electron-transfer kinetics of 51 ns. On the other hand, X-TAS experiments of the complete photocatalytic system in the presence of the electron donor showed the formation of a square planar Co(I) intermediate species within a few nanoseconds, followed by its decay in the microsecond time scale. The Co(I) structural assignment is supported by calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). At longer reaction times, we observe the formation of the initial Co(III) species concomitant to the decay of Co(I), thus closing the catalytic cycle. The experimental X-ray absorption spectra of the molecular species formed along the catalytic cycle are modeled using a combination of molecular orbital DFT calculations (DFT-MO) and finite difference method (FDM). These findings allowed us to assign the full mechanistic pathway, followed by the catalyst as well as to determine the rate-limiting step of the process, which consists in the protonation of the Co(I) species. This study provides a complete kinetics scheme for the hydrogen evolution reaction by a cobalt catalyst, revealing unique information for the development of better catalysts for the reductive side of hydrogen fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexander Guda
- International Research Center "Smart Materials", Southern Federal University , 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexander Soldatov
- International Research Center "Smart Materials", Southern Federal University , 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Photosynthetic reaction center (RC) proteins convert incident solar energy to chemical energy through a network of molecular cofactors which have been evolutionarily tuned to couple efficient light-harvesting, directional electron transfer, and long-lived charge separation with secondary reaction sequences. These molecular cofactors are embedded within a complex protein environment which precisely positions each cofactor in optimal geometries along efficient electron transfer pathways with localized protein environments facilitating sequential and accumulative charge transfer. By contrast, it is difficult to approach a similar level of structural complexity in synthetic architectures for solar energy conversion. However, by using appropriate self-assembly strategies, we anticipate that molecular modules, which are independently synthesized and optimized for either light-harvesting or redox catalysis, can be organized into spatial arrangements that functionally mimic natural photosynthesis. In this Account, we describe a modular approach to new structural designs for artificial photosynthesis which is largely inspired by photosynthetic RC proteins. We focus on recent work from our lab which uses molecular modules for light-harvesting or proton reduction catalysis in different coordination geometries and different platforms, spanning from discrete supramolecular assemblies to molecule-nanoparticle hybrids to protein-based biohybrids. Molecular modules are particularly amenable to high-resolution characterization of the ground and excited state of each module using a variety of physical techniques; such spectroscopic interrogation helps our understanding of primary artificial photosynthetic mechanisms. In particular, we discuss the use of transient optical spectroscopy, EPR, and X-ray scattering techniques to elucidate dynamic structural behavior and light-induced kinetics and the impact on photocatalytic mechanism. Two different coordination geometries of supramolecular photocatalyst based on the [Ru(bpy)3](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) light-harvesting module with cobaloxime-based catalyst module are compared, with progress in stabilizing photoinduced charge separation identified. These same modules embedded in the small electron transfer protein ferredoxin exhibit much longer charge-separation, enabled by stepwise electron transfer through the native [2Fe-2S] cofactor. We anticipate that the use of interchangeable, molecular modules which can interact in different coordination geometries or within entirely different structural platforms will provide important fundamental insights into the effect of environment on parameters such as electron transfer and charge separation, and ultimately drive more efficient designs for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Division of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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16
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Gu J, Yan Y, Young JL, Steirer KX, Neale NR, Turner JA. Water reduction by a p-GaInP2 photoelectrode stabilized by an amorphous TiO2 coating and a molecular cobalt catalyst. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:456-60. [PMID: 26689139 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Producing hydrogen through solar water splitting requires the coverage of large land areas. Abundant metal-based molecular catalysts offer scalability, but only if they match noble metal activities. We report on a highly active p-GaInP2 photocathode protected through a 35-nm TiO2 layer functionalized by a cobaloxime molecular catalyst (GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime). This photoelectrode mediates H2 production with a current density of ∼9 mA cm(-2) at a potential of 0 V versus RHE under 1-sun illumination at pH 13. The calculated turnover number for the catalyst during a 20-h period is 139,000, with an average turnover frequency of 1.9 s(-1). Bare GaInP2 shows a rapid current decay, whereas the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime electrode shows ≤5% loss over 20 min, comparable to a GaInP2-TiO2-Pt catalyst particle-modified interface. The activity and corrosion resistance of the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime photocathode in basic solution is made possible by an atomic layer-deposited TiO2 and an attached cobaloxime catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Yong Yan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - James L Young
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Xerxes Steirer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Nathan R Neale
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John A Turner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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17
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Kwon G, Kokhan O, Han A, Chapman KW, Chupas PJ, Du P, Tiede DM. Oxyanion induced variations in domain structure for amorphous cobalt oxide oxygen evolving catalysts, resolved by X-ray pair distribution function analysis. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:713-21. [PMID: 26634728 PMCID: PMC4669998 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615022180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous thin film oxygen evolving catalysts, OECs, of first-row transition metals show promise to serve as self-assembling photoanode materials in solar-driven, photoelectrochemical `artificial leaf' devices. This report demonstrates the ability to use high-energy X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function analysis, PDF, to resolve structure in amorphous metal oxide catalyst films. The analysis is applied here to resolve domain structure differences induced by oxyanion substitution during the electrochemical assembly of amorphous cobalt oxide catalyst films, Co-OEC. PDF patterns for Co-OEC films formed using phosphate, Pi, methylphosphate, MPi, and borate, Bi, electrolyte buffers show that the resulting domains vary in size following the sequence Pi < MPi < Bi. The increases in domain size for CoMPi and CoBi were found to be correlated with increases in the contributions from bilayer and trilayer stacked domains having structures intermediate between those of the LiCoOO and CoO(OH) mineral forms. The lattice structures and offset stacking of adjacent layers in the partially stacked CoMPi and CoBi domains were best matched to those in the LiCoOO layered structure. The results demonstrate the ability of PDF analysis to elucidate features of domain size, structure, defect content and mesoscale organization for amorphous metal oxide catalysts that are not readily accessed by other X-ray techniques. PDF structure analysis is shown to provide a way to characterize domain structures in different forms of amorphous oxide catalysts, and hence provide an opportunity to investigate correlations between domain structure and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Kwon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kokhan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ali Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Karena W. Chapman
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Peter J. Chupas
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Pingwu Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Rd, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - David M. Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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18
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Smolentsev G, Sundström V. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the study of molecular systems relevant for artificial photosynthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cedeno D, Krawicz A, Moore GF. Hybrid photocathodes for solar fuel production: coupling molecular fuel-production catalysts with solid-state light harvesting and conversion technologies. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140085. [PMID: 26052422 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is described as the great scientific and moral challenge of our time. We imagine a future where a significant portion of our energy is supplied by such technologies. However, many scientific, engineering and policy challenges must be addressed for this realization. Scientific challenges include the development of effective strategies to couple light absorption, electron transfer and catalysis for efficient conversion of light energy to chemical energy as well as the construction and study of structurally diverse assemblies to carry out these processes. In this article, we review recent efforts from our own research to develop a modular approach to interfacing molecular fuel-production catalysts to visible-light-absorbing semiconductors and discuss the role of the interfacing material as a protection layer for the catalysts as well as the underpinning semiconductor. In concluding, we briefly discuss the potential benefits of a globally coordinated project on artificial photosynthesis that interfaces teams of scientists, engineers and policymakers. Further, we offer cautions that such a large interconnected organization should consider. This article is inspired by, and draws largely from, an invited presentation given by the corresponding author at the Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, Buckinghamshire on the themed meeting topic: 'Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cedeno
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; PTRL West-Evans Analytical Group , 625-B Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547 , USA
| | - Alexandra Krawicz
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA
| | - Gary F Moore
- Physical Biosciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1604 , USA
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Goberna-Ferrón S, Soriano-López J, Galán-Mascarós JR, Nyman M. Solution Speciation and Stability of Cobalt-Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalysts by X-ray Scattering. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Visualizing the non-equilibrium dynamics of photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer with femtosecond X-ray pulses. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6359. [PMID: 25727920 PMCID: PMC4366532 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer preceding energy equilibration still poses many experimental and conceptual challenges to the optimization of photoconversion since an atomic-scale description has so far been beyond reach. Here we combine femtosecond transient optical absorption spectroscopy with ultrafast X-ray emission spectroscopy and diffuse X-ray scattering at the SACLA facility to track the non-equilibrated electronic and structural dynamics within a bimetallic donor–acceptor complex that contains an optically dark centre. Exploiting the 100-fold increase in temporal resolution as compared with storage ring facilities, these measurements constitute the first X-ray-based visualization of a non-equilibrated intramolecular electron transfer process over large interatomic distances. Experimental and theoretical results establish that mediation through electronically excited molecular states is a key mechanistic feature. The present study demonstrates the extensive potential of femtosecond X-ray techniques as diagnostics of non-adiabatic electron transfer processes in synthetic and biological systems, and some directions for future studies, are outlined. Photoinduced electron transfer in solvated molecular assemblies occurs on the ultrafast timescale before full electronic and geometric relaxation take place. Here Canton et al. monitor this out-of-equilibrium process in a donor–acceptor bimetallic assembly using an X-ray free-electron laser.
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22
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Soltau SR, Niklas J, Dahlberg PD, Poluektov OG, Tiede DM, Mulfort KL, Utschig LM. Aqueous light driven hydrogen production by a Ru–ferredoxin–Co biohybrid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10628-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived charge separation facilitates photocatalytic H2 production in a mini reaction center/catalyst complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Soltau
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - J. Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - P. D. Dahlberg
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics
| | - O. G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - D. M. Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - K. L. Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - L. M. Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
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Utschig LM, Soltau SR, Tiede DM. Light-driven hydrogen production from Photosystem I-catalyst hybrids. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 25:1-8. [PMID: 25500176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solar energy conversion of water into environmentally clean fuels, such as hydrogen, offers one of the best long-term solutions for meeting future global energy needs. In photosynthesis, high quantum yield charge separation is achieved by a series of rapid, photoinitiated electron transfer steps that take place in proteins called reaction centers (RCs). Of current interest are new strategies that couple RC photochemistry to the direct synthesis of energy-rich molecules, offering opportunities to more directly tune the products of photosynthesis and potentially to increase solar energy conversion capacity. Innovative designs link RC photochemistry with synthetic molecular catalysts to create earth abundant biohybrid complexes that use light to rapidly produce hydrogen from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States.
| | - Sarah R Soltau
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States
| | - David M Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States
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24
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Towards a Molecular Level Understanding of the Multi-Electron Catalysis of Water Oxidation on Metal Oxide Surfaces. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Cedeno D, Krawicz A, Doak P, Yu M, Neaton JB, Moore GF. Using Molecular Design to Control the Performance of Hydrogen-Producing Polymer-Brush-Modified Photocathodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3222-3226. [PMID: 26276336 DOI: 10.1021/jz5016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of difluoroborylcobaloxime catalysts to a polymer-brush-modified GaP semiconductor allows improved hydrogen production levels and photoelectrochemical performance under aqueous acidic conditions (pH = 4.5) as compared to the performance of electrodes without catalyst treatment. The catalytic assembly used in this work incorporates a boron difluoride (BF2) capping group on the glyoximate ligand of the catalyst, a synthetic modification previously used to enhance the stability of nonsurface-attached complexes toward acid hydrolysis and to shift the cobalt reduction potentials of the complex to less negative, and thus technologically more relevant, values. The pH-dependent photoresponses of the cobaloxime- and difluoroborylcobaloxime- modified semiconductors are shown to be consistent with those from analogous studies using non-surface-attached cobaloxime catalysts as well as catalysts supported on conductive electrodes. Thus, this work illustrates the potential to control and optimize the properties of visible-light-absorbing semiconductors using polymeric overcoating techniques coupled with the principles of synthetic molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- □Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- ∇Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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26
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Mukherjee A, Kokhan O, Huang J, Niklas J, Chen LX, Tiede DM, Mulfort KL. Detection of a charge-separated catalyst precursor state in a linked photosensitizer-catalyst assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:21070-6. [PMID: 24220293 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54420f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have designed two new supramolecular assemblies based on Co(ii)-templated coordination of Ru(bpy)3(2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) analogues as photosensitizers and electron donors to a cobaloxime macrocycle, which are of interest as proton reduction catalysts. The self-assembled photocatalyst precursors were structurally characterized by Co K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and solution-phase X-ray scattering. Visible light excitation of one of the assemblies has yielded instantaneous electron transfer and charge separation to form a transient Co(i) state which persists for 26 ps. The development of a linked photosensitizer-cobaloxime architecture supporting efficient Co(i) charge transfer is significant since it is mechanistically critical as the first photo-induced electron transfer step for hydrogen production, and has not been detected in previous photosensitizer-cobaloxime linked dyad assemblies. X-band EPR spectroscopy has revealed that the Co(ii) centres of both assemblies are high spin, in contrast to most previously described cobaloximes, and likely plays an important role in facilitating photoinduced charge separation. Based on the results obtained from ultrafast and nanosecond transient absorption optical spectroscopies, we propose that charge recombination occurs through multiple ligand states present within the photosensitizer modules. The studies presented here will enhance our understanding of supramolecular photocatalyst assembly and direct new designs for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Mukherjee
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
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27
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Wanniarachchi DC, Heeg MJ, Verani CN. Effect of Substituents on the Water Oxidation Activity of [RuII(terpy)(phen)Cl]+ Procatalysts. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3311-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Jane Heeg
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Cláudio N. Verani
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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28
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Krawicz A, Cedeno D, Moore GF. Energetics and efficiency analysis of a cobaloxime-modified semiconductor under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15818-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An energetics and efficiency analysis of a gallium phosphide semiconductor functionalized with molecular hydrogen production catalysts yields insights into the design of improved photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krawicz
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Diana Cedeno
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Gary F. Moore
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
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29
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Huang J, Blakemore JD, Fazi D, Kokhan O, Schley ND, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW, Tiede DM. Domain structure for an amorphous iridium-oxide water-oxidation catalyst characterized by X-ray pair distribution function analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1814-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54878c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Viveke AA, Alexander V. pH-responsive luminescence of a new trinuclear Ru(ii) polypyridine complex. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of a new heteroleptic trinuclear Ru(ii) complex of a ditopic imidazole-based terpyridine bridging ligand and its room temperature luminescence in fluid solution and pH modulated luminescence behaviour is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Alexander
- Department of chemistry
- Loyola College
- Chennai, India
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31
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Casasnovas R, Ortega-Castro J, Donoso J, Frau J, Muñoz F. Theoretical calculations of stability constants and pKa values of metal complexes in solution: application to pyridoxamine–copper(ii) complexes and their biological implications in AGE inhibition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16303-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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