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Gvozdev DA, Maksimov EG, Strakhovskaya MG, Pashchenko VZ, Rubin AB. Hybrid Complexes of Photosensitizers with Luminescent Nanoparticles: Design of the Structure. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:24-37. [PMID: 34707895 PMCID: PMC8526191 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of the photodynamic action of the dyes used in photodynamic therapy is crucial in the field of modern biomedicine. There are two main approaches used to increase the efficiency of photosensitizers. The first one is targeted delivery to the object of photodynamic action, while the second one is increasing the absorption capacity of the molecule. Both approaches can be implemented by producing dye-nanoparticle conjugates. In this review, we focus on the features of the latter approach, when nanoparticles act as a light-harvesting agent and nonradiatively transfer the electronic excitation energy to a photosensitizer molecule. We will consider the hybrid photosensitizer-quantum dot complexes with energy transfer occurring according to the inductive-resonance mechanism as an example. The principle consisting in optimizing the design of hybrid complexes is proposed after an analysis of the published data; the parameters affecting the efficiency of energy transfer and the generation of reactive oxygen species in such systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Gvozdev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - E. G. Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - M. G. Strakhovskaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - V. Z. Pashchenko
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - A. B. Rubin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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2
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Exhibition of Förster resonance energy transfer from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots to zinc porphyrazine studied in solution. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Kuznetsov AE. Complexes between core-modified porphyrins ZnP(X)4 (X = P and S) and small semiconductor nanoparticle Zn6S6: are they possible? PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthetic approach of the anchoring of porphyrins to the surface of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) has been realized to form very promising organic/inorganic nanocomposites. They have been of considerable scientific and a wide practical interest including such areas as material science, biomedical applications, and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Macrocyclic pyrrole-containing compounds, such as phthalocyanines and porphyrins, can bind to the NP surface by a variety of modes: as monodentate ligands oriented perpendicular to the NP surface, parallel to the NP surface, or, alternatively, in a perpendicular orientation bridging two adjacent NPs. Also, non-covalent (coordination) interactions may be realized between the NP via its metal centers and appropriate meso-attached groups of porphyrins. Recently, we showed computationally that the prominent structural feature of the core-modified MP(X)4 porphyrins (X = P) is their significant distortion from planarity. Motivated by the phenomenon of numerous complexes formation between tetrapyrrols and NPs, we performed the density functional theory (DFT) studies of the complex formation between the core-modified ZnP(X)4 species (X = P and S) without any substituents or linkers and semiconductor NPs, exemplified by small NP Zn6S6. The complexes formation was investigated using the following theoretical approaches: (i) B3LYP/6-31G* and (ii) CAM-B3LYP/6-31G*, both in the gas phase and with implicit effects from C6H6 considered. The calculated binding energies of the complexes studied were found to be significant, varying from ca. 29 up to ca. 69 kcal/mol, depending on the complex and the approach employed.
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Devereux SJ, Massaro M, Barker A, Hinds DT, Hifni B, Simpson JC, Quinn SJ. Spectroscopic study of the loading of cationic porphyrins by carbon nanohorns as high capacity carriers of photoactive molecules to cells. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spherical carbon nanohorns have great potential as drug delivery agents. Here a detailed study of the loading of porphyrin molecules is reported and the influence on their stability described. An optimally loaded sample is shown to cause photoactivated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Massaro
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Andrew Barker
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - David T. Hinds
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Badriah Hifni
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield
| | - Jeremy C. Simpson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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5
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Gvozdev DA, Maksimov EG, Strakhovskaya MG, Moysenovich AM, Ramonova AA, Moisenovich MM, Goryachev SN, Paschenko VZ, Rubin AB. A CdSe/ZnS quantum dot-based platform for the delivery of aluminum phthalocyanines to bacterial cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 187:170-179. [PMID: 30170287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of optical properties of photosensitizers by additional light-harvesting antennas is promising for the improvement of the photodynamic therapy. However, large number of parameters determine interactions of nanoparticles and photosensitizers in complex and, thus the photodynamic efficacy of the hybrid structure. In order to achieve high efficiency of energetic coupling and photodynamic activity of such complexes it is important to know the location of the photosensitizer molecule on the nanoparticle, because it affects the spectral properties of the photosensitizer and the stability of the hybrid complex in vitro/in vivo. In this work complexes of polycationic aluminum phthalocyanines and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were obtained. We used quantum dots which outer shell consists of polymer with carboxyl groups and provides water solubility and the negative charge of the nanoparticle. We found that phthalocyanine molecules could penetrate deeply into the polymer shell of quantum dot, leading thereby to significant changes in the spectral and photodynamic properties of phthalocyanines. We also showed that noncovalent interactions between phthalocyanine and quantum dot provide possibility for a release of the phthalocyanine from the hybrid complex and its binding to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells. Also, detailed characterization of the nanoparticle core and shell sizes was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Gvozdev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| | - E G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - M G Strakhovskaya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Service and Medical Technologies, FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Moysenovich
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ramonova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Moisenovich
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Goryachev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Shaikh AJ. Exploring the Direction of Charge Transfer in Porphyrin - PbSe Quantum Dot Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahson J. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad- 22060, KPK Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft the Netherlands
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7
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Tolstykh G, Sizov V, Kudrev A. Surface complex of ZnTMPyP4 metalloporphyrin with double-stranded Poly(A)-Poly(U). J Inorg Biochem 2016; 161:83-90. [PMID: 27216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This communication presents synthesis and spectral characterization of metalloporphyrin [Zn(X)TMPyP4] (TMPyP4 is 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin), and studies its binding onto anionic surface sites of synthetic double stranded polynucleotide Poly(A)-Poly(U). [Zn(X)TMPyP4] binding with Poly(A)-Poly(U) was monitored by UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, two fluorescence spectroscopies and 1H NMR in a working aqueous medium of 0.15M ionic strength, pH7.0 and at 25°C. The evidence provided by spectroscopic measurements and multivariate data analysis suggests the use of this metalloporphyrin as a probe for investigation of the polynucleotide surface. In contrast to TMPyP4 intercalation, an outside adsorption of [Zn(X)TMPyP4] induces an attenuation of luminescence intensity and has little influence on the shape of luminescence band. Special attention was paid to the quantitative description of the interaction between neighboring ligands on the Poly(A)-Poly(U) surface. The intrinsic binding constant to an isolated binding site lgKin 5.8±0.1, the cooperativity parameter ω 1.8±0.2, and number of monomers occupied by a ligand n=2 (25°C; pH7.0) were calculated based upon the recently proposed non-linear least-squares fitting procedure. The discovered cooperativity of binding of [Zn(X)TMPyP4] metalloporphyrin to Poly(A)-Poly(U) is significantly lower as compared to free porphyrin TMPyP4, reflecting minimal mutual influence between the nearest neighboring ligands bound with functional PO4(-) groups of the polynucleotide surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tolstykh
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - V Sizov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - A Kudrev
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Chambrier I, Banerjee C, Remiro-Buenamañana S, Chao Y, Cammidge AN, Bochmann M. Synthesis of Porphyrin–CdSe Quantum Dot Assemblies: Controlling Ligand Binding by Substituent Effects. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:7368-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Chambrier
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | | | - Yimin Chao
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andrew N. Cammidge
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Dwiecki K, Neunert G, Nogala-Kałucka M, Polewski K. Fluorescence quenching studies on the interaction of catechin-quinone with CdTe quantum dots. Mechanism elucidation and feasibility studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:523-530. [PMID: 25978020 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes of the photoluminescent properties of QD in the presence of oxidized catechin (CQ) were investigated by absorption, steady-state fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime and dynamic light scattering measurements. Photoluminescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime was decreasing with increasing CQ concentration. Dynamic light scattering technique found the hydrodynamic diameter of QD suspension in water is in range of 45 nm, whereas in presence of CQ increased to mean values of 67 nm. Calculated from absorption peak position of excition band indicated on average QD size of 3.2 nm. Emission spectroscopy and time-resolved emission studies confirmed preservation of electronic band structure in QD-CQ aggregates. On basis of the presented results, the elucidated mechanism of QD fluorescence quenching is a result of the interaction between QD and CQ due to electron transfer and electrostatic attraction. The results of fluorescence quenching of water-soluble CdTe quantum dot (QD) capped with thiocarboxylic acid were used to implement a simple and fast method to determine the presence of native antioxidant quinones in aqueous solutions. Feasibility studies on this method carried out with oxidized catechin showed a linear relation between the QD emission and quencher concentration, in range from 1 up to 200 μM. The wide linear range of concentration dependence makes it possible to apply this method for the fast and sensitive detection of quinones in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Dwiecki
- Poznan Life Sciences University, Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, 60-637 Poznan, ul. Mazowiecka 34, Poland
| | - Grażyna Neunert
- Poznan Life Sciences University, Department of Physics, 60-637 Poznan, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nogala-Kałucka
- Poznan Life Sciences University, Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, 60-637 Poznan, ul. Mazowiecka 34, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Polewski
- Poznan Life Sciences University, Department of Physics, 60-637 Poznan, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, Poland.
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10
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Masih D, Aly SM, Usman A, Alarousu E, Mohammed OF. Real-time observation of ultrafast electron injection at graphene-Zn porphyrin interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9015-9. [PMID: 25751714 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the ultrafast interfacial electron transfer (ET) between zinc(II) porphyrin (ZnTMPyP) and negatively charged graphene carboxylate (GC) using state-of-the-art femtosecond laser spectroscopy with broadband capabilities. The steady-state interaction between GC and ZnTMPyP results in a red-shifted absorption spectrum, providing a clear indication for the binding affinity between ZnTMPyP and GC via electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectra in the absence and presence of three different GC concentrations reveal (i) the ultrafast formation of singlet excited ZnTMPyP*, which partially relaxes into a long-lived triplet state, and (ii) ET from the singlet excited ZnTMPyP* to GC, forming ZnTMPyP˙(+) and GC˙(-), as indicated by a spectral feature at 650-750 nm, which is attributed to a ZnTMPyP radical cation resulting from the ET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Masih
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Aly SM, Ahmed GH, Shaheen BS, Sun J, Mohammed OF. Molecular-structure Control of Ultrafast Electron Injection at Cationic Porphyrin-CdTe Quantum Dot Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:791-795. [PMID: 26262654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) at donor (D)/acceptor (A) interfaces is central to the functioning of photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. Understanding and controlling this process on the molecular level has been proven to be crucial for optimizing the performance of many energy-challenge relevant devices. Here, we report the experimental observations of controlled on/off ultrafast electron transfer (ET) at cationic porphyrin-CdTe quantum dot (QD) interfaces using femto- and nanosecond broad-band transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The time-resolved data demonstrate how one can turn on/off the electron injection from porphyrin to the CdTe QDs. With careful control of the molecular structure, we are able to tune the electron injection at the porphyrin-CdTe QD interface from zero to very efficient and ultrafast. In addition, our data demonstrate that the ET process occurs within our temporal resolution of 120 fs, which is one of the fastest times recorded for organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat M Aly
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada H Ahmed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basamat S Shaheen
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingya Sun
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhdanova KA, Bragina NA, Bagratashvili VN, Timashev PS, Mironov AF. Noncovalent assemblies of CdSe semiconductor quantum dots and an amphiphilic long-chain meso-arylporphyrin. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chao MR, Hu CW, Chen JL. Fluorescent turn-on detection of cysteine using a molecularly imprinted polyacrylate linked to allylthiol-capped CdTe quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Synthesis and characterization of free base and metal porphyrins and their interaction with CdTe QDs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Valanciunaite J, Klymchenko AS, Skripka A, Richert L, Steponkiene S, Streckyte G, Mely Y, Rotomskis R. A non-covalent complex of quantum dots and chlorin e6: efficient energy transfer and remarkable stability in living cells revealed by FLIM. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09998b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent complex of lipid-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and second-generation photosensitizer, chlorin e6 can enter living HeLa cells with maintained integrity that ensures efficient FRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Valanciunaite
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory
- Institute of Oncology
- Vilnius University
- Vilnius, Lithuania
- Baltic Institute of Advanced Technology
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- University of Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7213
- Laboratory of Biophotonics & Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacology
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory
- Institute of Oncology
- Vilnius University
- Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ludovic Richert
- University of Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7213
- Laboratory of Biophotonics & Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacology
| | - Simona Steponkiene
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory
- Institute of Oncology
- Vilnius University
- Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laser Research Center
| | - Giedre Streckyte
- Laser Research Center
- Vilnius University
- LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yves Mely
- University of Strasbourg
- CNRS
- UMR 7213
- Laboratory of Biophotonics & Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacology
| | - Ricardas Rotomskis
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory
- Institute of Oncology
- Vilnius University
- Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laser Research Center
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Vaishnavi E, Renganathan R. "Turn-on-off-on" fluorescence switching of quantum dots-cationic porphyrin nanohybrid: a sensor for DNA. Analyst 2013; 139:225-34. [PMID: 24187682 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01871g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe a new platform for probing double stranded DNA (dsDNA) by tracing the "on-off-on" fluorescence signals of quantum dots-cationic porphyrin utilizing fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence measurements. Electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged thioglycolic acid capped CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-TGA QDs) and positively charged porphyrin surfaces leads to drastic quenching (turning off) of the donor by an effective electron transfer process. Interestingly, after the addition of calf thymus DNA (CtDNA), the porphyrins peel off from the quantum dot surface and bind to dsDNA, resulting in the restoration of fluorescence intensity of quantum dots (turning on). Consequently, this can be utilized for the selective sensing of dsDNA via optical responses. Experimental results show that the increase in fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of CtDNA within the range of 6.5 × 10(-9) M to 29.6 × 10(-8) M under the optimized experimental conditions. Furthermore, the peel off mechanism was confirmed by atomic force measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellappan Vaishnavi
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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