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Usman A, Hassan M, Rehman ZU, Sial AQ. Legal framework in aid of biological diversity and statutory deficiencies in Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e262695. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The traditional perception of mutual rights and obligations in the developing world was practically confined to human beings only. Fortunately, this conventional understanding is growing to include all living beings in the scope of certain basic rights. It is also addressing those creatures which are co-existing with human societies naturally or are associated for their subsistence and interdependence. It means that there should be prescribed body of rules and regulations to regulate human conduct in the society. In Pakistan social awakening for animal rights supported by international campaigns have urged state institutions to make adequate body of rules and regulations for protection of animal rights. Purpose of developing required understanding, at the first place is to clarify what is a right and what is an obligation? Secondly what should be the nature of these rights and obligations. Should these be only specific to human beings or there are other beings who also possess certain rights? If other living beings, species have rights, how these rights are to be conferred and regulated? Who is under obligation to provide these rights? Who is liable and responsible to ensure observance of such obligations? It is becoming clearer that like human beings’ animals do have certain rights as living beings. All most all religions of the world have prescribed certain rights to them which are encrypted in their holy books. Most of the people are aware of basic concept of observing mild and kind behavior towards pet animals only. Today we scientifically know that humanity and animals have co-existing inevitability. By observing mutual behavior and sensation, the world has provided special rights to the animals by making laws and Acts. Implementation of those rights can only be made through mutual understanding of the citizens under the supervision of law enforcing agencies. It is the responsibility of state and citizens of the states jointly to protect the animals when their rights are being violated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Usman
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M. Hassan
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Q. Sial
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Darko N, Millet N, Usman A, Teece L, Moss EL. Exploring the perspectives of underrepresented voices: Perceptions and experiences of uterine cancer for black African, Caribbean, black British, and mixed-black women in the UK to develop strategies for early symptom presentation. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 180:132-138. [PMID: 38091772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The uterine cancer (UC) mortality rate in the UK is significantly higher for women who belong to a Black ethnic group compared to those from other ethnic groups. This study aimed to understand the views and experiences of UC amongst Black ethnic minority women in the UK, with a focus on awareness and presentation of red-flag symptoms. METHODS Women of Black African, Caribbean, Black British and Mixed-Black ethnicity were purposefully recruited to participate in focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Twenty women from different regions in England participated in the study. Reflexive thematic analysis of the data led to the identification of three main themes: 1) Healthcare inequities; 2) Support and sense making with other Black women; and 3) Knowledge dissemination, mobilisation, and empowerment. Perceptions of inequitable healthcare provision and distrust influenced how participants, and their peer networks, approached seeking assistance from healthcare professionals. Concerns were also raised about culturally insensitive information resources, including issues of language, literacy, and representation, all of which served as potential barriers for women within Black ethnic minority groups. CONCLUSIONS The deficiency of targeted knowledge mobilisation and specific UC information aimed at Black ethnicity women living in the UK, reportedly contributes to the dissemination of misconceptions and an atmosphere of apprehension around a UC diagnosis. The insights from this study highlight the significance of designing culturally sensitive strategies to promote informed decision-making and empower the dissemination of accurate health knowledge amongst Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Darko
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - N Millet
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - A Usman
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - L Teece
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - E L Moss
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
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Asrahwi MA, Rosman N'A, Shahri NNM, Santos JH, Kusrini E, Thongratkaew S, Faungnawakij K, Hassan S, Mahadi AH, Usman A. Solid-state mechanochemical synthesis of chitosan from mud crab (Scylla serrata) chitin. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108971. [PMID: 37862856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a method for solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of chitosan from chitin, sourced from the shells of mud crabs (Scylla serrata). The procedure involves a sequence of demineralization and deproteinization to extract chitin from the crab shells, followed by mechanochemical deacetylation. The chitin was deacetylated by grinding it as a solid blend with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using a stainless steel mortar and pestle. After grinding, chitosan is isolated from the blend by repetitive washing and centrifugation. The chitosan product is then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. These characterization techniques confirm the successful deacetylation of chitin to form chitosan. A high degree of deacetylation (DD) is achieved when the weight ratio of NaOH to chitin is 1:1 or higher, implying that the DD value can be enhanced by increasing this weight ratio. The mechanochemical reaction mechanism involves the hydroxyl groups on the NaOH particles reacting with the acetamide groups of the chitin strands, yielding solid chitosan and sodium acetate. This mechanochemical deacetylation approach is more practical than the conventional heterogeneous deacetylation in strong basic solutions, since it could suppress depolymerization of the resulting chitosan and requires significantly less base. This makes it a promising method for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Asyiqin Asrahwi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurul 'Aqilah Rosman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurulizzatul Ningsheh M Shahri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Jose Hernandez Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, 16424, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sutarat Thongratkaew
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Salma Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Abdul Hanif Mahadi
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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Rawindran H, Lim JW, Lam MK, Supramaniam U, Tong WY, Ng HS, Shahid MK, Lin C, Usman A, Samdani MS. Assessing Microalgal Protein's Impact on Environment and Energy Footprint via Life Cycle Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00955-0. [PMID: 37964101 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally, increasing the yield of microalgal biomass has been the primary focus of research, while the significant protein reserve within this biomass has remained largely unexplored. This protein reserve possesses substantial value and versatility, offering a wide range of prospective applications and presenting an enticing chance for innovation and value enhancement for various sectors. Current study employed an innovative research approach that focused solely on the LCA of protein production potential from microalgal biomass, a lesser-explored aspects within this domain. Most environmental impact categories were shown to be significantly affected by cultivation phase because of the electrical obligation, followed by the harvesting and protein extraction phase. Still, the environmental aspect was seen to yield a minimal impact on global warming potential, i.e., 4 × 10-3 kg CO2, underscoring the ecologically favorable nature of the process. Conversely, the overall energy impact was seen to intensify with NEB of - 39.33 MJ and NER of 0.49, drawing attention to the importance of addressing the energy aspect to harness the full potential of microalgal protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemamalini Rawindran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Man Kee Lam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Uganeeswary Supramaniam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science Technology, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Research Institute of Environment & Biosystem, Chungnam National University, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuxia Lin
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei
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Leong WH, Lim JW, Rawindran H, Liew CS, Lam MK, Ho YC, Khoo KS, Kusakabe K, Abdelghani HTM, Ho CD, Ng HS, Usman A, Kang HS. Energy balance and life cycle assessments in producing microalgae biodiesel via a continuous microalgal-bacterial photobioreactor loaded with wastewater. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139953. [PMID: 37634592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessments of microalgal cultivation systems are often conducted to evaluate the sustainability and feasibility factors of the entire production chain. Unlike widely reported conventional microalgal cultivation systems, the present work adopted a microalgal-bacterial cultivation approach which was upscaled into a pilot-scale continuous photobioreactor for microalgal biomass production into biodiesel from wastewater resources. A multiple cradle-to-cradle system ranging from microalgal biomass-to-lipid-to-biodiesel was evaluated to provide insights into the energy demand of each processes making up the microalgae-to-biodiesel value chain system. Energy feasibility studies revealed positive NER values (4.95-8.38) for producing microalgal biomass but deficit values for microalgal-to-biodiesel (0.14-0.23), stemming from the high energy input requirements in the downstream processes for converting biomass into lipid and biodiesel accounting to 88-90% of the cumulative energy demand. Although the energy balance for microalgae-to-biodiesel is in the deficits, it is comparable with other reported biodiesel production case studies (0.12-0.40). Nevertheless, the approach to using microalgal-bacterial cultivation system has improved the overall energy efficiency especially in the upstream processes compared to conventional microalgal cultivation systems. Energy life cycle assessments with other microalgal based biofuel systems also proposed effective measures in increasing the energy feasibility either by utilizing the residual biomass and less energy demanding downstream extraction processes from microalgal biomass. The microalgal-bacterial cultivation system is anticipated to offer both environmental and economic prospects for upscaling by effectively exploiting the low-cost nutrients from wastewaters via bioconversion into valuable microalgal biomass and biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hong Leong
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Algal Bio Co. Ltd, Todai-Kashiwa Venture Plaza, 5-4-19 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0082, Japan.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Hemamalini Rawindran
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Yeek Chia Ho
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Katsuki Kusakabe
- Department of Nanoscience, Sojo University, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Heba Taha M Abdelghani
- Department of Physiology of Physical Activity, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hooi-Siang Kang
- Marine Technology Center, Institute for Vehicle System & Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Ahmed G, Oladele GO, Usman A, Adesiyun O, Olowu AO. Determinants and Outcomes for Neonatal Septicaemia at the Federal Medical Centre Bida, North Central Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:792-798. [PMID: 37639291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal septicaemia (NNS) occurs during the first 28 days of life and is characterized by systemic bacterial infection proven by blood culture. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Determinants of NNS vary between locations forming the basis for this study. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and the predisposing factors to neonatal septicaemia among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Federal Medical Centre, Bida (FMC Bida). METHODS This was a one-year prospective observational study, 167 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of FMC Bida, were selected by purposive sampling method to participate in the study from 13th May, 2015 to 30th April, 2016. A structured questionnaire was filled out by consenting parents and blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 (2016). The data were summarized using frequency distributions, means, standard deviation, charts and tables while statistical significance was determined using the chisquare test and Fisher's exact test at a 5% level of significance as well as Odd's Ratio (OR) as appropriate. RESULTS Of the 167 neonates recruited, 97(58.1%) were males, 70(41.9%) were females and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. Outborns were 100 (60%), inborns were 67(40%). Mean age was 4.3 ± 1.5 days and the mean weight of 2589 ± 743.9g. The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 2.33% while the blood culture's positive rate was 9.58%. Risk factors identified in the neonates in this study were prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis, meconium-stained liquor, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, being an outborn, having a low birth weight, inability to cry at birth and prematurity but, PROM was the only risk factor significantly associated with septicaemia (OR 5.4; 95% CI 2.2-13.5) while Escherichia coli was the leading bacterial isolate. CONCLUSION In conclusion, prolonged rupture of membrane was mostly responsible for neonatal septicaemia in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - G O Oladele
- Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - A Usman
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - O Adesiyun
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A O Olowu
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Geidam AD, Atterwahmie A, Usman A, Idrisa A. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Patients with Eclampsia in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria: A 15-Year Retrospective Review. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:97-103. [PMID: 36718654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eclampsia, defined as the occurrence of generalised, tonic-clonic convulsions or coma that is unrelated to other medical conditions in a woman with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS Retrospective review of cases of eclampsia managed over 15 years (2006 to 2020) at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria. Factors associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were determined using appropriate bivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of eclampsia was 2.96%. Most of the patients, 55.2% (420/761) were >35 years, 76% (579/761) were primigravidae and 80.4% (612/761) were unbooked. In 59.1% (450/761) of the cases, the eclampsia was antepartum and 40.3% (301/761) were delivered through a caesarean section. The commonest risk factor was previous eclampsia. There were 58(7.6%) maternal deaths, and the perinatal mortality was 18.1% (138/761). There was a statistically significant association between adverse maternal outcomes and having no formal education (P<0.001), being unemployed (P<0.001), being in coma for >10 hours(P=0.029), caesarean delivery (P<0.001), SBP >160mmHg (P<0.001) and DBP >110mmHg (P<0.001). Adverse perinatal outcome was significantly associated with having no formal education (P<0.001), being unemployed (P=0.004), unbooked status (P=0.015), multiple pregnancy (P=0.021), preterm delivery(P<0.001), caesarean delivery (P=0.012) and Systolic BP >160mmHg (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of eclampsia is high. Having no formal education, unemployment, coma of 10 hours or more, vaginal delivery and severe hypertension, unbooked status, and multiple gestation are significantly associated with poor maternal or fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Geidam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - A Atterwahmie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kudu, Nigeria
| | - A Usman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri , Borno State, Nigeria
| | - A Idrisa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Akinwande N, Ashezua T, Gweryina R, Somma S, Oguntolu F, Usman A, Abdurrahman O, Kaduna F, Adajime T, Kuta F, Abdulrahman S, Olayiwola R, Enagi A, Bolarin G, Shehu M. Mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission dynamics incorporating booster vaccine program and environmental contamination. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Zullkiflee N, Taha H, Usman A. Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186120. [PMID: 36144852 PMCID: PMC9504311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With technological advancements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, numerous research studies have focused on the propolis produced by stingless bees (Meliponini tribe) and Apis mellifera honeybees as alternative complementary medicines for the potential treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. Propolis can be found in tropical and subtropical forests throughout the world. The composition of phytochemical constituents in propolis varies depending on the bee species, geographical location, botanical source, and environmental conditions. Typically, propolis contains lipid, beeswax, essential oils, pollen, and organic components. The latter include flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and aromatic acids. The biologically active constituents of propolis, which include countless organic compounds such as artepillin C, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, genistein, naringin, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, and quercetin, have a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstruct pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract-related diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and immuno-inflammatory agents. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on the role of propolis, its constituents, its biologically active compounds, and their efficacy in the medicinal and pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzirah Zullkiflee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence:
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Bilad MR, Junaeda SR, Khery Y, Nufida BA, Shamsuddin N, Usman A, Violet V. Compaction of a Polymeric Membrane in Ultra-Low-Pressure Water Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163254. [PMID: 36015511 PMCID: PMC9416213 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of ultra-low-pressure filtration systems are increasing as they offer enhanced sustainability due to lower energy input, almost no use of chemicals, and minimum operational expenditure. In many cases, they operate as a decentralized system using a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration process. These applications are relatively new; hence, the fundamental knowledge of the process is still limited. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of polymeric membrane compaction under an ultra-low-pressure system. The compaction phenomenon is well-recognized in the traditional pressure-driven system operating at high transmembrane pressures (ΔPs > 200 kPa), but it is less documented in ultra-low-pressure systems (ΔP < 10 kPa). A simple GDM filtration setup operated under a constant-pressure system was employed to investigate the compaction phenomena in a polymeric hollow fiber membrane for clean water filtration. Firstly, a short-term pressure stepping test was performed to investigate the occurrence of instantaneous compaction in the ΔP range of 1−10 kPa. The slow compaction was later investigated. Finally, the compaction dynamic was assessed under alternating high and low ΔP and relaxation in between the filtrations. The findings demonstrated the prominence of membrane compaction, as shown by the decreasing trend in clean water permeability at higher ΔPs (i.e., 3240 and 2401 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 at ΔPs of 1 and 10 kPa, respectively). We also found that the intrinsic permeability of the applied polymeric membrane was significantly higher than the apparent one (4351 vs. 2401 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), demonstrating >50% loss due to compaction. The compaction was mainly instantaneous, which occurred when the ΔP was changed, whereas only minor changes in permeability occurred over time when operating at a constant ΔP. The compaction was highly reversible and could be restored (i.e., decompaction) through relaxation by temporarily stopping the filtration. A small fraction of irreversible compaction could be detected by operating alternating filtrations under ΔPs of 1 and 10 kPa. The overall findings are essential to support emerging GDM filtration applications, in which membrane compaction has been ignored and confounded with membrane fouling. The role of compaction is more prominent for high-flux GDM filtration systems treating less-fouling-prone feed (i.e., rainwater, river water) and involving membrane cleaning (i.e., relaxation) in which both reversible and irreversible compaction occurred simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence:
| | - Siti Rahma Junaeda
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Yusran Khery
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Baiq Asma Nufida
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Violet Violet
- Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM. 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
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11
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Nur M, Nidom CA, Indrasari S, Ansori ANM, Alamudi MY, Nidom AN, Sumariyah S, Sasmita E, Yulianto E, Kinandana AW, Usman A, Kusala MKJ, Normalina I, Nidom RV. A Successful Elimination of Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Airborne Transmission Prevention by Cold Plasma in Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Study. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science 2022. [DOI: 10.33640/2405-609x.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Asbollah MA, Sahid MSM, Shahrin EWES, Narudin NAH, Kusrini E, Shahri NNM, Hobley J, Usman A. Dynamics and thermodynamics for competitive adsorptive removal of methylene blue and rhodamine B from binary aqueous solution onto durian rind. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:645. [PMID: 35930088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) onto durian rind (DR) agricultural waste, from an aqueous binary solution as a model of wastewater containing multiple synthetic dyes, was investigated. The concurrent adsorption of the dyes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm was well simulated by the Langmuir model, implying a monolayer adsorption to the surface with a homogeneous binding energy. The adsorption process was governed by external mass transfer through two-step intraparticle diffusion of the dyes onto the adsorbent surface. The adsorption efficiency of MB (96.4%) is much higher than that of RhB (56.3%). This is attributed to the higher rate constant for the adsorption of MB (0.348 g mg-1 min-1) as compared to that of RhB (0.151 g mg-1 min-1). The adsorption behavior suggested that the two cationic dyes in the binary solution diffused and adsorbed independently and randomly onto the DR surface. The adsorption capacity of MB and RhB in the binary solution (47.4 mg g-1 and 32.9 mg g-1, respectively) is lower than those of their single solute solutions (93.3 mg g-1 and 62.8 mg g-1, respectively), suggesting a competitive effect in their concurrent adsorption. This was confirmed based on the adsorption characteristics of the binary solution with different molar ratios. The competitive effect was attributed to either non-interactive or repulsive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged dyes in the binary system. The domination of MB is attributed to its smaller molecular size, higher planarity, and faster adsorption kinetics compared with RhB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashrul Asbollah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohd Syaadii Mohd Sahid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ensan Waatriah E S Shahrin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nur Alimatul Hakimah Narudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, 16424, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Nurulizzatul Ningsheh M Shahri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Jonathan Hobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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13
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Verinda SB, Muniroh M, Yulianto E, Maharani N, Gunawan G, Amalia NF, Hobley J, Usman A, Nur M. Degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution using ozone microbubbles: spectroscopic, kinetics, and antibacterial analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10137. [PMID: 36033314 PMCID: PMC9399964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) has been listed in the last version of the surface water due to its ability to kill human cells by inhibiting the activity of DNA topoisomerase IV. Thus, CIP, along with other antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to the environment and public health. Ozonation has been used as an advanced technique that is applied in wastewater treatment to remove CIP, but the primary limitation of this method is the low solubility of ozone in water. This study is the first report of CIP removal in a scale-up of its aqueous solution using a self-developed aerator pump-enhanced ozonation (APO) system, which only employs a propeller and a zigzag arrangement of meshes. This aerator pump decreased the size of ozone bubbles by 90% and increased the effective ozone solubility to 0.47 ppm. The mechanism of degradation of CIP is attributed to an oxidation reaction of the antibiotic with reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl, oxygen, and hydroperoxyl radicals, generated on the surface of the ozone microbubbles. It was found that the rate and efficiency of degradation of CIP using the APO system were 3.64 × 10−3/min and 83.5%, respectively, which is higher compared with those of conventional flow ozonation (FO) systems (1.47 × 10−3/min and 60.9%). The higher degradation efficiency of CIP by the APO system was also revealed by its higher electrical energy efficiency (0.146 g/kWh), compared to that of the FO system (0.106 g/kWh). The degradation of CIP was also monitored by the resulting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Budi Verinda
- Biomedical Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Eko Yulianto
- Center for Plasma Research, Integrated Laboratory, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Nani Maharani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Gunawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farida Amalia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Jonathan Hobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Muhammad Nur
- Center for Plasma Research, Integrated Laboratory, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
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14
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Fitriani F, Aprilia S, Bilad MR, Arahman N, Usman A, Huda N, Kobun R. Optimization of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate and Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf Using Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153006. [PMID: 35893973 PMCID: PMC9332505 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed response surface methodology to optimize the preparation of biocomposites based on whey protein isolate, glycerol, and nanocrystalline cellulose from pineapple crown leaf. The effects of different concentrations of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler and glycerol as a plasticizer on the thickness, the tensile strength, and the elongation at break on the resulting biocomposite films were investigated. The central composite design was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions for biocomposite films with optimum properties. The regression of a second-order polynomial model resulted in an optimum composition consisting of 4% glycerol and 3.5% nanocrystalline cellulose concentrations, which showed a desirability of 92.7%. The prediction of the regression model was validated by characterizing the biocomposite film prepared based on the optimum composition, at which the thickness, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the biocomposite film were 0.13 mm, 7.16 MPa, and 39.10%, respectively. This optimum composition can be obtained in range concentrations of glycerol (4–8%) and nanocrystalline cellulose (3–7%). Scanning electron microscope images showed that nanocrystalline cellulose dispersed well in the pure whey protein isolate, and the films had a relatively smooth surface. In comparison, a rough and uneven surface results in more porous biocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that nanocrystalline cellulose and glycerol showed good compatibility with WPI film by forming hydrogen bonds. The addition of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler also decreased the transparency, solubility, and water vapor permeability and increased the crystallinity index of the resulting biocomposite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitriani Fitriani
- Doctoral Program, School of Engineering, Post Graduate Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Sri Aprilia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (N.H.)
| | - Rovina Kobun
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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15
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Garden G, Usman A, Readman D, Storey L, Wilkinson L, Wilson G, Dening T, Gordon A, Gladman J. 990 ADVANCE CARE PLANS IN UK CARE HOME RESIDENTS: AN IMPLEMENTATION STUDY. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac126.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Research shows delivery of advance care planning (ACP) in care homes is highly acceptable, increases the proportion of residents dying in their preferred place, and reduces hospital admissions. We examined whether implementation of a service delivering ACP to care homes in Lincoln (UK) realised the research outcomes in routine practice.
Method
Implementation of a service undertaking ACP in care homes was evaluated using routine data. Outcomes included proportion of care homes agreeing to participate; proportion of residents agreeing to put ACPs in place; characteristics of residents with and without ACPs, and place of death of those dying with or without ACPs. Effect on hospital admissions was examined comparing pre- and post-implementation admissions in participating homes.
Results
Fifteen (63%) of 24 eligible care homes participated. ACPs were prepared for 404/516 (78%) residents. Those with ACPs were older, frailer, more cognitively impaired, and malnourished than those without. For those with ACPs (384/404; 95%), care homes were the preferred place of death. 219/248 (88%) of residents with ACPs who died did so in their care home compared to 33/49 who died without ACPs (33/49, (67%) (relative risk 1.35, 95%CI 1.1–1.6, p < 0.01). In the 15 participating homes, there were 717 hospital admissions over 360 pre-intervention care home months (mean 2.11 admissions per care home month). In the post intervention phase, there were 789 admissions over 341 care home months (mean 2.29 admissions per care home month).
Conclusion
Most residents wished to have ACPs, which appeared to have influenced place of death. However, the population value of the service was limited because not all care homes participated. Hospital admissions were not reduced. Future work should aim to ensure services are universally available to residents, and to identify why reductions in hospital admissions seen in research studies may not be replicated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garden
- Lincoln Medical School; University of Lincoln , UK
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust
| | - A Usman
- University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - D Readman
- Beaumond House Community Hospice, Newark , UK
| | - L Storey
- Beaumond House Community Hospice, Newark , UK
| | | | - G Wilson
- Lincolnshire Community Health Services Trust , Lincoln, UK
| | - T Dening
- University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - A Gordon
- University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Centre-East Midlands (ARC-EM), Nottingham , UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre , Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust , Derby, UK
| | - J Gladman
- University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Centre-East Midlands (ARC-EM), Nottingham , UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre , Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , Nottingham
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16
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Ashrul Asbollah M, Sahid MSM, Padmosoedarso KM, Mahadi AH, Kusrini E, Hobley J, Usman A. Individual and Competitive Adsorption of Negatively Charged Acid Blue 25 and Acid Red 1 onto Raw Indonesian Kaolin Clay. Arab J Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Suhaimi NAA, Shahri NNM, Samat JH, Kusrini E, Lim JW, Hobley J, Usman A. Domination of methylene blue over rhodamine B during simultaneous photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 nanoparticles in an aqueous binary solution under UV irradiation. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Ahmad N, Hussain SM, Azam SM, Shahzad MM, Noureen A, Yaqoob R, Lateef M, Yawer A, Riaz D, Usman A, Faizan M, Hassan S, Ishtiaq A, Riaz P, Ali A, Amin F, Imran M, Kausar R, Ahmed M, Bashir W, Adnan M, Siddique A, Farooq M, Ahmad S. Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e253555. [PMID: 35019098 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.253555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC's 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC's 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad
- University of Jhang, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S M Hussain
- Government College University, Department of Zoology, Fish Nutrition Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S M Azam
- University of Education Lahore, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M M Shahzad
- University of Education Lahore, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Noureen
- The University of Lahore, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology - IMBB, Department of Zoology, Lahore,Pakistan
| | - R Yaqoob
- University of Education Lahore, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Lateef
- University of Education Lahore, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Yawer
- Racetox, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice, Brno Czech Republic
| | - D Riaz
- University of Education Lahore, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A Usman
- Government College University, Department of Chemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Faizan
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Hassan
- Institute of Pure & Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Ishtiaq
- Institute of Pure & Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - P Riaz
- Institute of Pure & Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- Institute of Pure & Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - F Amin
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Punjab, Department of Zoology, Lahore,Pakistan
| | - M Imran
- BahuddinZakariya University Multan, Department of Statistics, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Kausar
- University of Baluchistan, Department of Zoology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmed
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Department of Management Sciences, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - W Bashir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Adnan
- Department of Zoology, Government Graduate Taleem-ul-Islam College Chenab Nagar, Chiniot, Pakistan
| | - A Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Farooq
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Institute of Pure & Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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19
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Shahri NNM, Taha H, S. A. Hamid MH, Kusrini E, Lim JW, Hobley J, Usman A. Antimicrobial activity of silver sulfide quantum dots functionalized with highly conjugated Schiff bases in a one-step synthesis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3136-3146. [PMID: 35425280 PMCID: PMC8979330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, low-dimensional Ag2S QDs were fabricated for the first time, with four different dithiocarbazate derivative Schiff bases (SB) as capping agents in a one-pot synthesis. These SB-capped Ag2S QDs were almost spherical with an average size range of 4.0 to 5.6 nm, which is slightly smaller than conventional thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped Ag2S QDs. We demonstrate that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtillus and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and a prevalent fungal pathogen (Candida albicans) are inhibited more when the bacterial and fungal cells were nurtured with the synthesized SB-Ag2S QDs, compared with TGA-Ag2S QDs or free unbound Schiff bases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results confirmed that even low concentrations of SB-Ag2S QDs were able to inhibit bacterial (MIC 5–75 μg mL−1) and fungal growth (MIC 80–310 μg mL−1), and in some cases they performed better than streptomycin (8–25 μg mL−1). Lethality bioassay results confirmed that SB-Ag2S QDs were not toxic to brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The results show that capping agents are essential in the design of functional Ag2S QDs, and highlight that Schiff bases provide an excellent opportunity to optimize the biological activities of silver based QDs. In the present paper, low-dimensional Ag2S QDs were fabricated for the first time, with four different dithiocarbazate derivative Schiff bases (SB) as capping agents in a one-pot synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Malai Haniti S. A. Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI-Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Hobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Anwar Usman
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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20
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Shahrin EWES, Narudin NAH, Padmosoedarso KM, Kusrini E, Mahadi AH, Shahri NNM, Usman A. Pectin derived from pomelo pith as a superior adsorbent to remove toxic Acid Blue 25 from aqueous solution. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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21
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Habib IY, Burhan J, Jaladi F, Lim CM, Usman A, Kumara N, Tsang SCE, Mahadi AH. Effect of Cr doping in CeO2 nanostructures on photocatalysis and H2O2 assisted methylene blue dye degradation. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Liew CS, Kiatkittipong W, Lim JW, Lam MK, Ho YC, Ho CD, Ntwampe SKO, Mohamad M, Usman A. Stabilization of heavy metals loaded sewage sludge: Reviewing conventional to state-of-the-art thermal treatments in achieving energy sustainability. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130310. [PMID: 33774241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge has long been regarded as a hazardous waste by virtue of the loaded heavy metals and pathogens. Recently, more advanced technologies are introduced to make use of the nutrients from this hazardous sludge. Successful recovery of sludge's carbon content could significantly convert waste to energy and promote energy sustainability. Meanwhile, the recovery of nitrogen and trace minerals allows the production of fertilizers. This review is elucidating the performances of modern thermal treatment technologies in recovering resources from sewage sludge while reducing its environmental impacts. Exhaustive investigations show that most modern technologies are capable of recovering sludge's carbon content for energy generation. Concurrently, the technologies could as well stabilize heavy metals, destroy harmful pathogens, and reduce the volume of sludge to minimize the environmental impacts. Nevertheless, the high initial investment cost still poses a huge hurdle for many developing countries. Since the initial investment cost is inevitable, the future works should focus on improving the profit margin of thermal technologies; so that it would be more financially attractive. This can be done through process optimization, improved process design as well as the use of suitable co-substrates, additives, and catalyst as propounded in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Worapon Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Man-Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei, 251, Taiwan
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West University, Private BagX1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mardawani Mohamad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Kamaluddin MR, Zamri NII, Kusrini E, Prihandini WW, Mahadi AH, Usman A. Photocatalytic activity of kaolin–titania composites to degrade methylene blue under UV light irradiation; kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamics. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-01986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim MJ, Shahri NNM, Taha H, Mahadi AH, Kusrini E, Lim JW, Usman A. Biocompatible chitin-encapsulated CdS quantum dots: Fabrication and antibacterial screening. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117806. [PMID: 33712152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitin-encapsulated cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS@CTN QDs) were successfully synthesized from chitin and Cd(NO3)2 precursor using the colloidal chemistry method, toward the development of biocompatible and biodegradable QDs for biomedical applications. CdS@CTN QDs exhibited the nanocrystalline cubic CdS encapsulated by α-chitin. The average particle size of CdS@CTN QDs was estimated using empirical Henglein model to be 3.9 nm, while their crystallite size was predicted using Scherrer equation to be 4.3 nm, slightly larger compared to 3-mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdS QDs (3.2 and 3.6 nm, respectively). The mechanism of formation was interpreted based on the spectroscopic data and X-ray crystal structures of CdS@CTN QDs fabricated at different pH values and mass ratios of chitin to Cd(NO3)2 precursor. As an important step to explore potential biomolecular and biological applications of CdS@CTN QDs, their antibacterial activities were tested against four different bacterial strains; i.e. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Jasli Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurulizzatul Ningsheh M Shahri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Abdul Hanif Mahadi
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI-Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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Asbollah MA, Mahadi AH, Kusrini E, Usman A. Synergistic effect in concurrent removal of toxic methylene blue and acid red-1 dyes from aqueous solution by durian rind: kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and mechanism. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 23:1432-1443. [PMID: 33813976 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1901851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a synergistic effect between cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic acid red 1 (AR1) on their concurrent adsorptive removal from aqueous binary solution onto durian rind (DR) was systematically investigated in batch mode across different parameters. The concurrent adsorption was pseudo-second-order kinetics and followed the Langmuir isotherm model, similar to their respective single component. The kinetics and intraparticle diffusion analyses demonstrated that the adsorption rate of MB was a 15-fold faster than AR1, and mass transports were governed by a combination of intraparticle and film diffusion. The synergistic effect was evidenced by an enhanced adsorption efficiency of AR1 from 27 to 42%, while that of MB was almost unchanged (97-98%). By changing the molar ratios of MB and AR1, it was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB and AR1 was 249 and 200 mg g-1, respectively, in the binary system higher compared with those in their respective single system (108 and 16 mg g-1). Overall data indicated that the synergistic effect was due to electrostatic interactions between cationic and anionic synthetic dyes, supported by negatively charged DR surface, leading to the formation of their stacking layers on the adsorbent surface. Novelty statement: A synergistic effect in concurrent adsorptive removal of synthetic dyes from multicomponent wastewater remains a critical research challenge. We believed that electrostatic interaction between ionic dyes could be explored to enhance their removal efficiency. This report is the first time that such a synergistic effect between cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic acid red 1 (AR1) on their concurrent adsorption from aqueous binary system is systematically investigated. The kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and mechanism of the concurrent adsorption of MB and AR1 attributed to the synergistic effect are elucidated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashrul Asbollah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Abdul Hanif Mahadi
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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Jui-Kai Chen J, Chiang WY, Kudo T, Usman A, Masuhara H. Nanoparticle Assembling Dynamics Induced by Pulsed Optical Force. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1473-1488. [PMID: 33661570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser trapping dynamics is summarized for silica, hydrophobically modified silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution, highlighting their distinct optical trapping dynamics under CW laser. Mutually repulsive silica nanoparticles are tightly confined under fs laser compared to CW laser trapping and, upon increasing laser power, they are ejected from the focus as an assembly. Hydrophobically modified silica and polystyrene (PS) NPs are sequentially ejected just like a stream or ablated, giving bubbles. The ejection and bubbling take place with the direction perpendicular to laser polarization and its direction is randomly switched from one to the other. These characteristic features are interpreted from the viewpoint of single assembly formation of NPs at an asymmetric position in the optical potential. Temporal change in optical forces map is prepared for a single PS NP by calculating scattering, gradient, and temporal forces. The relative contribution of the forces changes with the volume increase of the assembly and, when the pushing force along the trapping pulse propagation overcome the gradient in the focal plane, the assembly undergoes the ejection. Further fs multiphoton absorption is induced for the larger assembly leading to bubble generation. The assembling, ejection, and bubbling dynamics of NPs are characteristic features of pulsed optical force and are considered as a new platform for developing new material fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Jui-Kai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Space Science and Technology Building, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Kusrini E, Sabira K, Hashim F, Abdullah NA, Usman A, Putra N, Prasetyanto EA. Design, synthesis and antiamoebic activity of dysprosium-based nanoparticles using contact lenses as carriers against Acanthamoeba sp. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e178-e188. [PMID: 32701190 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contact lenses have direct contact with the corneal surface and can induce sight-threatening infection of the cornea known as Acanthamoeba keratitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dysprosium-based nanoparticles (Dy-based NPs), namely Fe3 O4 -PEG-Dy2 O3 nanocomposites and Dy(OH)3 nanorods, as an active component against Acanthamoeba sp., as well as the possibility of their loading onto contact lenses as the drug administering vehicle to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). METHODS The Dy-based NPs were synthesized, and they were loaded onto commercial contact lenses. The loading content of the NPs and their release kinetics was determined based on the absorbance of their colloidal solution before and after soaking the contact lenses. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was evaluated, and the IC50 values of their antiamoebic activity against Acanthamoeba sp. were determined by MTT colorimetric assay, followed by observation on the morphological changes by using light microscopy. The mechanism of action of the Dy-based NPs against Acanthamoeba sp. was evaluated by DNA laddering assays. RESULTS The loading efficiencies of the Dy-based NPs onto the contact lens were in the range of 30.6-36.1% with respect to their initial concentration (0.5 mg ml-1 ). The Dy NPs were released with the flux approximately 5.5-11 μg cm-2 hr-1 , and the release was completed within 10 hr. The emission of the NPs consistently showed a peak at 575 nm due to Dy3+ ion, offering the possible monitoring and tracking of the NPs. The SEM images indicated the NPs are aggregated on the surface of the contact lenses. The DNA ladder assay suggested that the cells underwent DNA fragmentation, and the cell death was due most probably to necrosis, rather than apoptosis. The cytotoxicity assay of Acanthamoeba sp. suggested that Fe3 O4 -PEG, Fe3 O4 -PEG-Dy2 O3 , Dy(NO3 )3 .6H2 O and Dy(OH)3 NPs have an antiamoebic activity with the IC50 value being 4.5, 5.0, 9.5 and 22.5 μg ml-1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall findings in this study suggested that the Dy-based NPs can be considered as active antiamoebic agents and possess the potential as drugs against Acanthamoeba sp. The NPs could be loaded onto the contact lenses; thus, they can be potentially utilized to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia
| | - Klanita Sabira
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- School of Fundamental Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aliah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nandy Putra
- Applied Heat Transfer Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Jawa Barat Indonesia
| | - Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta Indonesia
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Zamri NII, Zulmajdi SLN, Daud NZA, Mahadi AH, Kusrini E, Usman A. Insight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles. SN Appl Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, pectin-alginate-titania (PAT) composites were synthesized and the adsorptive removal behavior of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, as a model of synthetic organic effluents, onto the prepared PAT composites were investigated by monitoring the effect of contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the PAT composites and that the MB adsorption occurred on the active sites on multilayer surface of the composites. The adsorption kinetics of MB was demonstrated to be pseudo-second order, governed by two intraparticle diffusion rates, and the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and more disorder. The Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB on the PAT composites was in the range of 435–637 mg g–1. In general, it increased with the TiO2 NPs content in the PAT composites, due most likely to the increase in surface area exposing more functional groups of the pectin and alginate to interact with the synthetic dye. The adsorptive removal of MB by the PAT composites was found to be more efficient compared with many other reported adsorbents, such as graphene oxide hybrids, pectin microspheres, magnetite-silica-pectin composites, clay-based materials, chemically treated minerals, and agricultural waste. The present study therefore demonstrated for the first time that PAT composites are not only promising to be utilized as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment, but also provide an insight into the adsorption mechanism of the synthetic dyes onto the biopolymers-titania composites.
Graphic abstract
Insight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles.
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Danbirni S, Kaltungo BY, Daudu BB, Mohammed FU, Abubakar UB, Ibrahim S, Usman A, Sackey AKB. Clinical management protocol of an acute contagious bovine pleuropnuemonia in a 6- year-old Bunaji cow in Sakaru village of Soba local government area, Kaduna state, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.51791/njap.v47i2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The test and slaughter policy of the federal government of Nigeria on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle is no longer feasible because it lacked the political will as a result, farmers tend to treat their cattle of the disease most which has been ineffective. herefore, the quest for a supportive clinical management protocol for CBPP in cattle aimed at enabling the cow regain its body condition in order to allow the farmer sell the cow for slaughter at a profit was the aim of this case report. A 6-year-old Bunaji cow weighing 350kg with history of not feeding well, lagging behind during grazing, difficulty in breathing, intermittent cough and bloat was presented. Physical examination was carried out and differential diagnoses which included contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, mango choke, Pasteurellosis and tuberculosis were considered. After a careful scrutiny of the differentials, a tentative diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia which was confirmed by the Latex agglutination test (LAT) was arrived at. A supportive clinical management protocol was instituted with the sole aim of enabling the cow regain its body condition in order to allow the farmer sell the cow for slaughter at a profit. The protocol involved isolation of the cow and administration of 20% tetracycline long acting through a combination of conventional (intra-muscular) and non-conventional (intra-venous) routes of administration along with an anti-inflammatory agent and an appetite stimulant. Six days after the commencement of therapy, the observed clinical signs subsided greatly and the cow became apparently healthy. The study showed that, the protocol of administering 20%tetracycline long acting through a combination of conventional (intra-muscular) and nonconventional (intra-venous) routes along with an anti-inflammatory agent (dexamethasone) and an appetite stimulant (vit. B. complex) was effective and profitable to the farmer. The client was advised to sell the cow for slaughter after observing the 21- day withdrawal period of the drugs.
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Asunduwa K, Usman A, Isyaku A, Shehu A, Francis O, Balogun M, Aworh M. Descriptive analysis of a cholera outbreak in 14 LGAs of Sokoto State – Nigeria, 2018. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abdullah NA, Zullkiflee N, Zaini SNZ, Taha H, Hashim F, Usman A. Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2902-2911. [PMID: 33100845 PMCID: PMC7569112 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the evaluation of phytochemical properties, essential mineral elements, and heavy metals contained in raw propolis produced by stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami found in the same ecological conditions and environment in Brunei Darussalam. The results indicated that propolis of the three stingless bee species mainly consisted of lipids (45.60–47.86%) and very low carbohydrate (0.17–0.48%) and protein contents (0.18–1.18%). The propolis was rich in mineral elements, thus good sources of minerals, while they contained low concentrations of all heavy metals. Propolis of the different bee species could be distinguished based on their mineral compositions. The vibrational and absorption spectra suggested that propolis contains π-conjugated aliphatic and aromatic compounds as well as aromatic acids having amine, ester, carbonyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl functional groups which might be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the propolis, based on radical scavenging activity of their ethanol extract, was in line with their total phenolic content. The ethanol extract of the propolis also showed antimicrobial activities against four bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The propolis showed slightly higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus) bacteria, indicating that the antimicrobial active compounds could be associated with flavonoids, which were quantified to be approximately comparable in all the propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aliah Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Nadzirah Zullkiflee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Siti Nurul Zahirah Zaini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Fatimah Hashim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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Aworabhi-Oki N, Numbere T, Balogun MS, Usman A, Utulu R, Ebere N, Omubo W, Stow J, Abba S, Olorukooba A. Trends in measles cases in Bayelsa state, Nigeria: a five-year review of case-based surveillance data (2014-2018). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:938. [PMID: 32539691 PMCID: PMC7296655 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly children under five years. It has been ear marked for elimination and Nigeria adopted the measles elimination strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO) African region to reduce cases and deaths. This study was done to determine trends in measles cases in Bayelsa state, to describe cases in terms of person and place, identify gaps in the case-based surveillance data collection system and identify risk factors for measles infection. METHODS We carried out a secondary data analysis of measles case-based surveillance data for the period of January 2014 to December 2018 obtained in Microsoft Excel from the State Ministry of Health. Cases were defined according to WHO standard case definitions. We calculated frequencies, proportions, estimated odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 449 cases of measles were reported. There were 245(54.6%) males and the most affected age group was 1-4 years with 288(64.1%) cases. Of all cases, 289(9.35%) were confirmed and 70 (48.27%) had received at least one dose of measles vaccine. There was an all-year transmission with increased cases in the 4th quarter of the year. Yenegoa local government area had the highest number of cases. Timeliness of specimen reaching the laboratory and the proportion of specimens received at the laboratory with results sent to the national level timely were below WHO recommended 80% respectively. Predictors of measles infection were, age less than 5 years (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91) and residing in an urban area (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI:1.02-2.34). CONCLUSIONS Measles infection occurred all-year round, with children less than 5 years being more affected. Measles case-based surveillance system showed high levels of case investigation with poor data quality and poor but improving indicators. Being less than 5 years was protective of measles while living in urban areas increased risk for infection. We recommended to the state government to prioritize immunization activities in the urban centers, start campaigns by the 4th quarter and continue to support measles surveillance activities and the federal government to strengthen regional laboratory capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neni Aworabhi-Oki
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
- Bayelsa State Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - T. Numbere
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - M. S. Balogun
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A. Usman
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R. Utulu
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - N. Ebere
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - W. Omubo
- Bayelsa State Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - J. Stow
- Bayelsa State Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Nigeria
| | - S. Abba
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
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Lim LBL, Usman A, Hassan MH, Mohamad Zaidi NAH. Tropical wild fern (Diplazium esculentum) as a new and effective low-cost adsorbent for removal of toxic crystal violet dye. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1761122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda B. L. Lim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad Hanif Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nur Afiqah H. Mohamad Zaidi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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Shahri NNM, Omar Ali NHS, Sheikh Abdul Hamid MH, Mirza AH, Usman A, Hoq MR, Karim MR. N-[( E)-Quinolin-2-ylmethylidene]-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine hemihydrate. IUCr Data 2020; 5:x200134. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314620001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title hemihydrate, C12H9N5·0.5H2O, was isolated from the condensation reaction of quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole. The Schiff base molecule adopts an E configuration about the C=N bond and is approximately planar, with a dihedral angle between the quinoline ring system and the 1,2,4-triazole ring of 12.2 (1)°. In the crystal, one water molecule bridges two Schiff base molecules via O—H...N hydrogen bonds. The Schiff base molecules are interconnected by π–π stacking interactions [centroid-centroid distances of 3.7486 (7) and 3.9003 (7) Å] into columns along [1\overline{1}0].
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Kusrini E, Alhamid MI, Widiantoro AB, Daud NZA, Usman A. Simultaneous Adsorption of Multi-lanthanides from Aqueous Silica Sand Solution Using Pectin–Activated Carbon Composite. Arab J Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zulmajdi SLN, Zamri NII, Yasin HM, Kusrini E, Hobley J, Usman A. Comparative study on the adsorption, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic degradation of six different synthetic dyes on TiO2 nanoparticles. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Usman M, Sadeeq A, Isa A, Muhammad M, El-Ladan I, Usman A, Buraimoh A. Mosquito coil smoke depletes iron (fe) concentration in cerebrum of wistar rats. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Omar Ali NHS, Sheikh Abdul Hamid MH, Mirza AH, Usman A. 2-[1-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2 H-inden-2-ylidene)ethyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide. IUCr Data 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314619015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C12H11N3O2S, was synthesized by a condensation reaction of 2-acetylindan-1,3-dione and thiosemicarbazide in ethanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The molecule adopts a thioketone form. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of 1H-inden-1,3(2H)-dione and hydrazinecarbothioamide units is 86.32 (7)°. Weak intramolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked via pairs of weak intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are further linked into a three-dimensional network through N—H...S and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5619 (10)–3.9712 (9) Å].
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Yakubu Y, Ahmed S, Audu I, Usman A. Binary logistic regression methods for modeling broncho-pneumonia status in infants from tertiary health institutions in north central Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/jasem.v23i8.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kusrini E, Usman A, Sani FA, Wilson LD, Abdullah MAA. Simultaneous adsorption of lanthanum and yttrium from aqueous solution by durian rind biosorbent. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:488. [PMID: 31292792 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the adsorption capacity of a biosorbent derived from the inner part of durian (Durio zibethinus) rinds, which are a low-cost and abundant agro-waste material. The durian rind sorbent has been successfully utilized to remove lanthanum (La) and yttrium (Y) ions from their binary aqueous solution. The effects of several adsorption parameters including contact time, pH, concentrations of La and Y, and temperature on the removal of La and Y ions were investigated. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the metal ions were also evaluated in detail. Both La and Y ions were efficiently adsorbed by the biosorbent with optimum adsorption capacity as high as 71 mg La and 35 mg Y per gram biosorbent, respectively. The simultaneous adsorption of La and Y ions follows Langmuir isotherm model, due to the favorable chelation and strong chemical interactions between the functional groups on the surface of the biosorbent and the metal ions. The addition of oxygen content after adsorption offers an interpretation that the rare-earth metal ions are chelated and incorporated most probably in the form of metal oxides. With such high adsorption capacity of La and Y ions, the durian rind sorbent could potentially be used to treat contaminated wastewater containing La and Y metal ions, as well as for separating and extracting rare-earth metal ions from crude minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eny Kusrini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI-Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei.
| | - Fadli Akbar Sani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI-Depok, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Lee D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Mohd Aidil A Abdullah
- Advanced Nano Materials Group, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Rize Jin
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyTianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China
| | - Liangfu Lu
- School of MathematicsTianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Joomin Lee
- R&D Center, Aspens Co, Ltd Seongnam South Korea
| | - Anwar Usman
- R&D Center, Aspens Co, Ltd Seongnam South Korea
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Usman A, Lewis S, Hinsliff-Smith K, Long A, Housley G, Jordan J, Gage H, Dening T, Gladman JRF, Gordon AL. 46MEASURING HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF CARE HOME RESIDENTS, COMPARISON OF SELF-REPORT BY OLDER PEOPLE WITH CAPACITY TO CONSENT AND STAFF PROXIES USING EQ-5D-5L AND HOWRU. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy121.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Usman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S Lewis
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | - A Long
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - G Housley
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - J Jordan
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, UK
| | - H Gage
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, UK
| | - T Dening
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | - A L Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
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Housley G, Usman A, Lewis S, Shaw DE, Gordon AL. 44MEASURING AGREEMENT BETWEEN CARE HOME RESIDENCY STATUS ON PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CARE DATABASES. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy121.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Housley
- East Midlands Academic Health Sciences Network
| | - A Usman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - S Lewis
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - D E Shaw
- East Midlands Academic Health Sciences Network
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - A L Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
- Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- School of Health Sciences, City, University of London
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Ghani NAA, Channip A, Chok Hwee Hwa P, Ja'afar F, Yasin HM, Usman A. Physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, and metal contents of virgin coconut oil produced by wet and dry processes. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1298-1306. [PMID: 30065831 PMCID: PMC6060898 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from cooking oils which contain long-chain fatty acids, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has high medium-chain fatty acids, making it a potential functional food which can provide some health benefits. In this study, our objective is to investigate the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and metal contents of the VCO extracted through four different processing methods: chilling and centrifugation; fermentation; direct micro expelling-oven dried; and direct micro expelling-sun-dried processes. We found that the physicochemical properties, including moisture content, refractive index, viscosity, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, and fatty acid content, of all the VCO conform to the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community (APCC) standard. All of the VCO predominantly contains lauric acid which is in the range of 48.40%-52.84% of the fatty acid content. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC 50) of the VCO was obtained to be in the range of 1.16-12.54 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 7.49-104.52 mg/ml, respectively, and the metal contents in the VCO were within the acceptable range of the recommended APCC limit. These findings ensure good quality and safety assurance of the VCO produced from the coconut grown in Brunei Darussalam through the different processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aqilah A. Ghani
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Amy‐Arniza Channip
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Phoebe Chok Hwee Hwa
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Fairuzeta Ja'afar
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hartini M. Yasin
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anwar Usman
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongNegara Brunei Darussalam
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Kassim MA, Yassin UHM, Tan AL, Usman A, Hamid MHSA. [1-(Pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine: a new multitopic ligand for the design of hybrid molecular frameworks. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:424-427. [PMID: 29620025 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrazones and their derivatives are closely related to imine compounds and are potential antimicrobial agents. They have also found application in supramolecular chemistry as multitopic ligands to link multiple metal centres for the design of hybrid molecular frameworks. The molecule of the title compound, C6H8N4, consists of an imine linkage with an N-N bond length of 1.3540 (14) Å. This asymmetric compound is nearly planar and adopts an E configuration about the azomethine C=N double bond. In the solid state, there are two intermolecular N-H...N interactions that interconnect the molecules into a two-dimensional network. The three-dimensional arrangement of the crystal packing is further stabilized by intermolecular π-π interactions interconnecting the centroids of the heterocyclic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Kassim
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ubaidullah H M Yassin
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Ai Ling Tan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Anwar Usman
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Malai Haniti S A Hamid
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
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Metussin N, Mohamed H, Ahmad N, Yasin H, Usman A. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Aidia borneensis leaf infusion, an endemic plant in Brunei Darussalam. Food Res 2017. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.2(1).109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Well-packed thylakoids known as grana are one of the major functional sites for photosynthesis in algae and plants. Their highly ordered structures can be considered as a few hundred nanometer-sized particles having distinct scattering cross sections from other various macromolecular organizations inside plant cells. With this background we show that elastic light scattering imaging and microspectroscopy is an important tool for investigating structure and organization of grana inside a single chloroplast in plant cells. We have demonstrated this noninvasive method to identify the distribution of grana in intact fresh leaf of robust and rapidly growing Egaria densa, which is also known as Anachris and among the most popular aquarium plants. The scattering efficiency spectra of their individual grana fairly resemble cooperative absorption spectra of porphyrins and carotenoids. We found that the electronic structure of the stacked thylakoids shows granum size-dependence, indicating that size of grana is one of the critical parameters in the regulation of the photochemical functions in the thylakoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uwada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University , Sakado 350-0295, Japan
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Hee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Abstract
Two-photon resonance enhances optical confinement of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aungtinee Kittiravechote
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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Yuan J, Usman A, Das T, Patterson AJ, Gillard JH, Graves MJ. Imaging Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque Ulceration: Comparison of Advanced Imaging Modalities and Recent Developments. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:664-671. [PMID: 28007772 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of long-term mortality and morbidity worldwide, despite remarkable advancement in its management. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are principally responsible for thromboembolic events in various arterial territories such as carotid, coronary, and lower limb vessels. Carotid plaque ulceration is one of the key features associated with plaque vulnerability and is considered a notable indicator of previous plaque rupture and possible future cerebrovascular events. Multiple imaging modalities have been used to assess the degree of carotid plaque ulceration for diagnostic and research purposes. Early diagnosis and management of carotid artery disease could prevent further cerebrovascular events. In this review, we highlight the merits and limitations of various imaging techniques for identifying plaque ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yuan
- From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Usman
- From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Das
- Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A J Patterson
- Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J H Gillard
- From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M J Graves
- From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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