1
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Iuchi S, Koga N. Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation in Aqueous [Fe(bpy) 3] 2+: A Surface Hopping Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4225-4232. [PMID: 37126354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trajectory surface hopping simulations are performed to better understand the electronic relaxation dynamics of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ in aqueous solution. Specifically, the ultrafast relaxation from the photoexcited singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) to the metastable quintet metal-centered (MC) states is simulated through the surface hopping method, where the MLCT and MC states of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ in aqueous solution are computed by using a model electronic Hamiltonian developed previously. As a result, most of the trajectories are interpreted to show the sequential relaxation pathways via the triplet MC states, though some are the direct pathway from MLCT to the quintet MC states. Even though the triplet MC states are involved in the relaxation, the population transfer to the singlet MC ground state is very small, and the population of the quintet MC states reaches more than ∼96%, reasonably consistent with the unity quantum efficiency discussed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Koga
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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2
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Wei YC, Chen BH, Ye RS, Huang HW, Su JX, Lin CY, Hodgkiss J, Hsu LY, Chi Y, Chen K, Lu CH, Yang SD, Chou PT. Excited-State THz Vibrations in Aggregates of Pt II Complexes Contribute to the Enhancement of Near-Infrared Emission Efficiencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300815. [PMID: 36825300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of deactivation mechanisms for near-infrared(NIR)-emissive organic molecules has been a key issue in chemistry, materials science and molecular biology. In this study, based on transient absorption spectroscopy and transient grating photoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the aggregated PtII complex 4H (efficient NIR emitter) exhibits collective out-of-plane motions with a frequency of 32 cm-1 (0.96 THz) in the excited states. Importantly, similar THz characteristics were also observed in analogous PtII complexes with prominent NIR emission efficiency. The conservation of THz motions enables excited-state deactivation to proceed along low-frequency vibrational coordinates, contributing to the suppression of nonradiative decay and remarkable NIR emission. These novel results highlight the significance of excited-state vibrations in nonradiative processes, which serve as a benchmark for improving device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Siang Ye
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Wei Huang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xuan Su
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yang Lin
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Justin Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
| | - Lian-Yan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Chen
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6010, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Wei Y, Chen B, Ye R, Huang H, Su J, Lin C, Hodgkiss J, Hsu L, Chi Y, Chen K, Lu C, Yang S, Chou P. Excited‐State THz Vibrations in Aggregates of Pt
II
Complexes Contribute to the Enhancement of Near‐Infrared Emission Efficiencies**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Bo‐Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ren‐Siang Ye
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Wei Huang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Xuan Su
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chao‐Yang Lin
- Robinson Research Institute Faculty of Engineering Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Justin Hodgkiss
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6010 New Zealand
| | - Lian‐Yan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Kai Chen
- Robinson Research Institute Faculty of Engineering Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6010 New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Chih‐Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Shang‐Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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4
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Ramírez-Wierzbicki I, Pieslinger GE, Aramburu-Trošelj BM, Abate PO, Cadranel A. Ru Monoimines with Extended Excited-State Lifetimes and Geometrical Modulation of Photoinduced Mixed-Valence Interactions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3808-3816. [PMID: 36802519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of monodentate-imine ruthenium complexes do not usually fulfil the requirements for supramolecular solar energy conversion schemes. Their short excited-state lifetimes, like the 5.2 ps metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) lifetime of [Ru(py)4Cl(L)]+ with L = pz (pyrazine), preclude bimolecular or long-range photoinduced energy or electron transfer reactions. Here, we explore two strategies to extend the excited-state lifetime, based on the chemical modification of the distal N atom of pyrazine. On one hand, we used L = pzH+, where protonation stabilized MLCT states, rendering thermal population of MC states less favorable. On the other hand, we prepared a symmetric bimetallic arrangement in which L = {(μ-pz)Ru(py)4Cl} to enable hole delocalization via photoinduced mixed-valence interactions. A lifetime extension of 2 orders of magnitude is accomplished, with charge transfer excited states living 580 ps and 1.6 ns, respectively, reaching compatibility with bimolecular or long-range photoinduced reactivity. These results are similar to those obtained with Ru pentaammine analogues, suggesting that the strategy employed is of general applicability. In this context, the photoinduced mixed-valence properties of the charge transfer excited states are analyzed and compared with those of different analogues of the Creutz-Taube ion, demonstrating a geometrical modulation of the photoinduced mixed-valence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ramírez-Wierzbicki
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German E Pieslinger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno M Aramburu-Trošelj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro O Abate
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET─Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Physikalische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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5
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Schüssler L, Israil RGE, Hütchen P, Thiel WR, Diller R, Riehn C. Ultrafast spectroscopy of Ru II polypyridine complexes in the gas phase and the liquid phase: [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine) 2(nicotinamide) 2] 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4899-4914. [PMID: 36722394 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
[Ru(bipyridine)2(nicotinamide)2]2+ (1) and its monoaqua-complex [Ru(bipyridine)2(nicotinamide)(H2O)]2+ (2) were spectroscopically studied for the first time in the gas phase by static and time resolved UV photodissociation spectroscopy, observing nicotinamide and H2O ligand dissociation for 1 and 2, respectively. Both processes and their ultrafast dynamics were investigated in parallel by transient absorption spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The latter data were newly acquired for the long-wavelength MLCT band excitation of 1 and provide novel ultrafast ligand dissociation results for 2, confirming the gas phase results, i.e., exclusive H2O cleavage over nicotinamide loss. Similar apparent time constants in the sub-ps and few ps ranges were obtained for 1 in both phases, whereas a larger time constant of ca. two hundreds of ps for the ground state recovery was observed exclusively in the solution phase. Our reaction scheme accounts for faster dissociation dynamics in the gas phase by energetical lowering of the 3MC vs. the 3MLCT states by lack of solvent stabilization of the latter. Based on the apparent time constants, we favour, for the solution dynamics, a fast bimodal vibrational deactivation in the 3MLCT/3MC manifolds and a slow dissociation obfuscated by the ground state recovery. This is substantiated by a similar reaction scheme proposed for the ultrafast dynamics of 2, resulting in a new assignment for transient absorption features with λ > 550 nm to the 3MC manifold, and a common kinetic description for 1 and 2. Computations at the TD-DFT/cc-PVTZ/MDF28 level support our spectroscopic findings and the suggested deactivation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schüssler
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - R G E Israil
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - P Hütchen
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - W R Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - R Diller
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - C Riehn
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. .,Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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6
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Šrut A, Mai S, Sazanovich IV, Heyda J, Vlček A, González L, Záliš S. Nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics of ReCl(CO) 3(bpy) in two different solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25864-25877. [PMID: 36279148 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of excited-states relaxation of the complex ReCl(CO)3(bpy) (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine) using a nonadiabatic TD-DFT dynamics on spin-mixed potential energy surfaces in explicit acetonitrile (ACN) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions up to 800 fs. ReCl(CO)3(bpy) belongs to a group of important photosensitizers which show ultrafast biexponential subpicosecond fluorescence decay kinetics. The choice of solvents was motivated by the different excited-state relaxation dynamics observed in subpicosecond time-resolved IR (TRIR) experiments. Simulations of intersystem crossing (ISC) showed the development of spin-mixed states in both solvents. Transformation of time-dependent populations of spin-mixed states enabled to monitor the temporal evolution of individual singlet and triplet states, fitting of bi-exponential decay kinetics, and simulating the time-resolved fluorescence spectra that show only minor differences between the two solvents. Analysis of structural relaxation and solvent reorganization employing time-resolved proximal distribution functions pointed to the factors influencing the fluorescence decay time constants. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of time-evolution of electronic, molecular, and solvent structures emerge as a powerful technique to interpret time-resolved spectroscopic data and ultrafast photochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šrut
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jan Heyda
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Zederkof DB, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Haldrup K, González L, Mai S. Resolving Femtosecond Solvent Reorganization Dynamics in an Iron Complex by Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12861-12873. [PMID: 35776920 PMCID: PMC9305979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The ultrafast dynamical
response of solute–solvent interactions
plays a key role in transition metal complexes, where charge transfer
states are ubiquitous. Nonetheless, there exist very few excited-state
simulations of transition metal complexes in solution. Here, we carry
out a nonadiabatic dynamics study of the iron complex [Fe(CN)4(bpy)]2– (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)
in explicit aqueous solution. Implicit solvation models were found
inadequate for reproducing the strong solvatochromism in the absorption
spectra. Instead, direct solute–solvent interactions, in the
form of hydrogen bonds, are responsible for the large observed solvatochromic
shift and the general dynamical behavior of the complex in water.
The simulations reveal an overall intersystem crossing time scale
of 0.21 ± 0.01 ps and a strong reliance of this process
on nuclear motion. A charge transfer character analysis shows a branched
decay mechanism from the initially excited singlet metal-to-ligand
charge transfer (1MLCT) states to triplet states of 3MLCT and metal-centered (3MC) character. We also
find that solvent reorganization after excitation is ultrafast, on
the order of 50 fs around the cyanides and slower around the
bpy ligand. In contrast, the nuclear vibrational dynamics, in the
form of Fe–ligand bond changes, takes place on slightly longer
time scales. We demonstrate that the surprisingly fast solvent reorganizing
should be observable in time-resolved X-ray solution scattering experiments,
as simulated signals show strong contributions from the solute–solvent
scattering cross term. Altogether, the simulations paint a comprehensive
picture of the coupled and concurrent electronic, nuclear, and solvent
dynamics and interactions in the first hundreds of femtoseconds after
excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bregenholt Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Scientific Instrument Femtosecond X-ray Experiments, European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, bygning 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Glebov EM. Femtochemistry methods for studying the photophysics and photochemistry of halide complexes of platinum metals. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Vogt M, Smolentsev G. Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Spectroscopy to Study Luminophores with Relevance for OLEDs. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vogt
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften II, Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Grigory Smolentsev
- Energy and Environment Research Division Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
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10
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Pižl M, Hunter BM, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gray HB, Záliš S, Vlček A. Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Photophysics of d 8d 8 Di-isocyanide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:2745-2759. [PMID: 34905688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Binuclear Rh(I) and Ir(I) TMB (2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diisocyanohexane) and dimen (1,8-diisocyanomenthane) complexes possess dσ*pσ and dπpσ singlet and triplet excited states that can be selectively excited in the visible and UV spectral regions. Using perturbational spin-orbit TDDFT, we unraveled the detailed character and spin mixing of these electronic transitions and found that delocalization of pσ and dπ orbitals over C≡N- groups makes C≡N stretching vibrations sensitive reporters of electron density and structural changes upon electronic excitation. Picosecond time-resolved infrared spectra measured after visible light, 375 nm, and 316 nm excitation revealed excitation-wavelength-dependent deactivation cascades. Visible light irradiation prepares the 1dσ*pσ state that, after one or two (sub)picosecond relaxation steps, undergoes 70-1300 ps intersystem crossing to 3dσ*pσ, which is faster for the more flexible dimen complexes. UV-excited 1,3dπpσ states decay with (sub)picosecond kinetics through a manifold of high-lying triplet and mixed-spin states to 3dσ*pσ with lifetimes in the range of 6-19 ps (316 nm) and 19-43 ps (375 nm, Ir only), bypassing 1dσ*pσ. Most excited-state conversion and some relaxation steps are accompanied by direct decay to the ground state that is especially pronounced for the most flexible long/eclipsed Rh(dimen) conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pižl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan M Hunter
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, U.K
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11
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Weingartz NP, Mara MW, Roy S, Hong J, Chakraborty A, Brown-Xu SE, Phelan BT, Castellano FN, Chen LX. Excited-State Bond Contraction and Charge Migration in a Platinum Dimer Complex Characterized by X-ray and Optical Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8891-8898. [PMID: 34597043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between metal centers in dimeric transition metal complexes (TMCs) play important roles in their excited-state energetics and pathways and, thus, affect their photophysical properties relevant to their applications, for example, photoluminescent materials and photocatalysis. Here, we report electronic and nuclear structural dynamics studies of two photoexcited pyrazolate-bridged [Pt(ppy)(μ-R2pz)]2-type Pt(II) dimers (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, μ-R2pz = 3,5-substituted pyrazolate): [Pt(ppy)(μ-H2pz)]2 (1) and [Pt(NDI-ppy)(μ-Ph2pz)]2 (2, NDI = 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide), both of which have distinct ground-state Pt-Pt distances. X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy at the Pt LIII-edge revealed a new d-orbital vacancy due to the one-electron oxidation of the Pt centers in 1 and 2. However, while a transient Pt-Pt contraction was observed in 2, such an effect was completely absent in 1, demonstrating how the excited states of these complexes are determined by the overlap of the Pt (dz2) orbitals, which is tuned by the steric bulk of the pyrazolate R-groups in the 3- and 5-positions. In tandem with analysis of the Pt-Pt distance structural parameter, we observed photoinduced electron transfer in 2 featuring a covalently linked NDI acceptor on the ppy ligand. The formation and subsequent decay of the NDI radical anion absorption signals were detected upon photoexcitation using optical transient absorption spectroscopy. The NDI radical anion decayed on the same time scale, hundreds of picoseconds, as that of the d-orbital vacancy signal of the oxidized Pt-Pt core observed in the XTA measurements. The data indicated an ultrafast formation of the charge-separated state and subsequent charge recombination to the original Pt(II-II) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Weingartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael W Mara
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Samantha E Brown-Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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12
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Zobel JP, González L. The Quest to Simulate Excited-State Dynamics of Transition Metal Complexes. JACS AU 2021; 1:1116-1140. [PMID: 34467353 PMCID: PMC8397362 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes current computational efforts in the field of simulating photodynamics of transition metal complexes. We present the typical workflows and feature the strengths and limitations of the different contemporary approaches. From electronic structure methods suitable to describe transition metal complexes to approaches able to simulate their nuclear dynamics under the effect of light, we give particular attention to build a bridge between theory and experiment by critically discussing the different models commonly adopted in the interpretation of spectroscopic experiments and the simulation of particular observables. Thereby, we review all the studies of excited-state dynamics on transition metal complexes, both in gas phase and in solution from reduced to full dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19, 1090 Vienna Austria
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13
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Gaffney KJ. Capturing photochemical and photophysical transformations in iron complexes with ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8010-8025. [PMID: 34194691 PMCID: PMC8208315 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-driven chemical transformations provide a compelling approach to understanding chemical reactivity with the potential to use this understanding to advance solar energy and catalysis applications. Capturing the non-equilibrium trajectories of electronic excited states with precision, particularly for transition metal complexes, would provide a foundation for advancing both of these objectives. Of particular importance for 3d metal compounds is characterizing the population dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) and metal-centered (MC) electronic excited states and understanding how the inner coordination sphere structural dynamics mediate the interaction between these states. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray laser science has enabled the electronic excited state dynamics in 3d metal complexes to be followed with unprecedented detail. This review will focus on simultaneous X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS) studies of iron coordination and organometallic complexes. These simultaneous XES-XSS studies have provided detailed insight into the mechanism of light-induced spin crossover in iron coordination compounds, the interaction of CT and MC excited states in iron carbene photosensitizers, and the mechanism of Fe-S bond dissociation in cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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14
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Abstract
Coordination compounds, characterized by fascinating and tunable electronic properties, are capable of binding easily to proteins, polymers, wires and DNA. Upon irradiation, these molecular systems develop functions finding applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, luminescent and conformational probes, electron transfer triggers and diagnostic or therapeutic tools. The control of these functions is activated by the light wavelength, the metal/ligand cooperation and the environment within the first picoseconds (ps). After a brief summary of the theoretical background, this perspective reviews case studies, from 1st row to 3rd row transition metal complexes, that illustrate how spin-orbit, vibronic coupling and quantum effects drive the photophysics of this class of molecules at the early stage of the photoinduced elementary processes within the fs-ps time scale range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Iuchi S, Koga N. A model electronic Hamiltonian to describe low-lying d-d and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states of [Fe(bpy) 3 ] 2. J Comput Chem 2020; 42:166-179. [PMID: 33146893 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple practical method to compute both d-d and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes is proposed for use in simulation studies. Specifically, a model electronic Hamiltonian developed previously for d-d excited states of [Fe(bpy)3 ]2+ is extended to deal with low-lying MLCT excited states simultaneously by including the MLCT electronic configurations into the basis functions of the model Hamiltonian. As a first attempt, parameters in the model Hamiltonian matrix elements are determined by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-)DFT calculation results as benchmarks. To examine the performance of the model Hamiltonian, the potential energy curves along the interpolation between the lowest singlet and quintet state structures are compared to those from the (TD-)DFT calculations and to those from CASPT2 calculations in literature. The electronic absorption spectrum computed through molecular dynamics simulation is compared to the experimental spectrum. The spin-orbit couplings at the ground state structure are also compared to those from wavefunction-based ab initio electronic structure calculations. The results indicate that the constructed model Hamiltonian provides reasonable information on both the low-lying d-d and MLCT excited states of [Fe(bpy)3 ]2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Iuchi
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Koga
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Mewes L, Ingle RA, Megow S, Böhnke H, Baranoff E, Temps F, Chergui M. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing and Structural Dynamics of [Pt(ppy)(μ- tBu 2pz)] 2. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14643-14653. [PMID: 32677823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intersystem crossing (ISC) rates of transition-metal complexes are determined by the complex interplay of a molecule's electronic and structural dynamics. To broaden our understanding of these key factors, we investigate the case of the prototypical d8-d8 dimetal complex [Pt(ppy)(μ-tBu2pz)]2 using broad-band transient absorption anisotropy in combination with ultrafast fluorescence up-conversion and ab initio calculations. We find that, upon excitation of the molecule's metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition, ISC occurs in hundreds of femtoseconds from the lowest excited singlet state S1 to the triplet state T2, from where the energy relaxes to the lowest energy triplet state T1. ISC to the T2 state, rather than T1, is further rationalized through supporting arguments. Observed vibrational coherences along the Pt-Pt mode are attributed to the formation of nuclear wavepackets on the ground and excited electronic states that dephase prior to ISC because of the structural flexibility of the complex. Beyond demonstrating the relationship between the energy relaxation and structural dynamics of [Pt(ppy)(μ-tBu2pz)]2, our results provide new insights into the photoinduced dynamics of d8-d8 dimetal complexes more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mewes
- Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Megow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Hendrik Böhnke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Etienne Baranoff
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Temps
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel D-24098, Germany
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB Station 6, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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17
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Mai S, González L. Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16832-16846. [PMID: 32052547 PMCID: PMC7540682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light-induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Photonics InstituteVienna University of TechnologyGusshausstrasse 27–291040ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
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18
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Shushakov AA, Matveeva SG, Pozdnyakov IP, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Vasilchenko DB, Melnikov AA, Chekalin SV, Glebov EM. Mechanistic study of the trans, cis, cis-[RuCl 2(DMSO) 2(H 2O) 2] complex photochemistry in aqueous solutions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1222-1229. [PMID: 32748912 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that trans,cis,cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)2(H2O)2] (1a) complexes, which are formed upon dissolution of trans-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] in water, demonstrate light-induced cytotoxicity. The mechanistic study of 1a photochemistry has been performed using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis and stationary photolysis. The first stage of 1a photochemistry is the photoexchange of a DMSO ligand to a water molecule; its quantum yield is wavelength-dependent (estimating by values 0.3 and 0.04 upon irradiation at 308 and 430 nm, respectively). The mechanism of photoexchange is complicated involving at least four Ru(ii) intermediates. Two tentative mechanisms of the process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Shushakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana G Matveeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan P Pozdnyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vjacheslav P Grivin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Victor F Plyusnin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Danila B Vasilchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Lavrentyev Prosp., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexei A Melnikov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Fizicheskaya Str., 119333, Troitsk, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Physics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Str., 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Fizicheskaya Str., 119333, Troitsk, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeni M Glebov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. .,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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19
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Talotta F, Morisset S, Rougeau N, Lauvergnat D, Agostini F. Internal Conversion and Intersystem Crossing with the Exact Factorization. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4833-4848. [PMID: 32633509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed derivation of the generalized coupled-trajectory mixed quantum-classical (G-CT-MQC) algorithm based on the exact-factorization equations. The ultimate goal is to propose an algorithm that can be employed for molecular dynamics simulations of nonradiative phenomena, as the spin-allowed internal conversions and the spin-forbidden intersystem crossings. Internal conversions are nonadiabatic processes driven by the kinetic coupling between electronic states, whereas intersystem crossings are mediated by the spin-orbit coupling. In this paper, we discuss computational issues related to the suitable representation for electronic dynamics and the different natures of kinetic and spin-orbit coupling. Numerical studies on model systems allow us to test the performance of the G-CT-MQC algorithm in different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Talotta
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sabine Morisset
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Rougeau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Federica Agostini
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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20
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Melnikov AA, Pozdnyakov IP, Chekalin SV, Glebov EM. Direct measurement of ultrafast intersystem crossing time for the PtIVBr62− complex. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Mai S, González L. Molekulare Photochemie: Moderne Entwicklungen in der theoretischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institut für Photonik Technische Universität Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29 1040 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Fakultät für Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
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22
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Päpcke A, Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S. Revealing the initial steps in homogeneous photocatalysis by time-resolved spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:153001. [PMID: 31801126 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5ed1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis attracts currently intense research since it can provide efficient routes for generating solar fuels and allows to apply sunlight for an environmentally friendly synthesis of valuable chemical compounds. Accordingly, in future photocatalysis may contribute significantly to a sustainable economy. However, up to now photocatalysis has made it only into some niche applications. The reasons are manifold including too low yields, insufficient stability, and scarce availability of the precious metals and rare earths used in most cases. The design of better systems is the goal of many research activities. They call for a detailed knowledge of the individual steps and the microscopic mechanisms. Time-resolved spectroscopy is a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the individual steps of a photocatalytic process and of the efficiencies and losses associated with them. This allows to address specific weaknesses of the components of a photocatalytic system and to pursue a rational design of the corresponding compounds. In this review an overview is given about what insights can be gained by time-resolved spectroscopy referring mostly to our own results while it has to be stressed that many other groups are also highly successfully working in this area. We restrict ourselves to homogeneous systems which are often easier to analyze and focus on the primary steps occurring after optical excitation. This includes intramolecular relaxation and intersystem crossing in the photosensitizer as well as the first electron transfer step resulting from the interaction of the sensitizer with other components of the system. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy turns out to be particularly helpful in analyzing new photosensitizers based on abundant metals, i.e. copper and iron. These sensitizers can suffer from short lifetimes of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer states which are typically involved in the intermolecular charge transfer processes. The latter are investigated on the pico- to microsecond timescale by quenching experiments making use of a streak camera and by pump-probe spectroscopy applying a YAG-laser system for excitation. The experiments with the streak camera allow to discriminate between oxidative and reductive pathways and to determine the corresponding bimolecular quenching rates which are compared to their diffusion limit to obtain a measure for the quenching efficiency. By applying transient absorption spectroscopy, it is furthermore possible to observe appearing charge transfer products and to determine their concentrations. In this way the efficiency of the electron transfer itself can be deduced and the relevance of lossy quenching events can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Päpcke
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. CHEM REC 2020; 20:831-856. [PMID: 32267093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article recent progress in the development of molecules exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is discussed with a particular focus upon their application as emitters in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key aspects controlling the desirable functional properties, e. g. fast intersystem crossing, high radiative rate and unity quantum yield, are introduced with a particular focus upon the competition between the key requirements needed to achieve high performance OLEDs. The design rules required for organic and metal organic materials are discussed, and the correlation between them outlined. Recent progress towards understanding the influence of the interaction between a molecule and its environment are explained as is the role of the mechanism for excited state formation in OLEDs. Finally, all of these aspects are combined to discuss the ability to implement high level design rules for achieving higher quality materials for commercial applications. This article highlights the significant progress that has been made in recent years, but also outlines the significant challenges which persist to achieve a full understanding of the TADF mechanism and improve the stability and performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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24
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Veenstra AP, Monzel L, Baksi A, Czekner J, Lebedkin S, Schneider EK, Pradeep T, Unterreiner AN, Kappes MM. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Isolated Ag 29(BDT) 123- Probed by Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2675-2681. [PMID: 32167769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of the isolated trianion Ag29(BDT)123- (BDT = benzenedithiolate), a ligand-protected cluster comprising BDT-based ligands, terminating a shell of silver thiolates and a core of silver atoms, was studied in the gas phase by femtosecond time-resolved, pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy. UV excitation at 490 nm populates one or more singlet excited states with significant charge transfer (CT) character in which electron density is shifted from shell to core. These CT states relax on an average time scale of several hundred femtoseconds by charge recombination to yield either the vibrationally excited singlet ground state (internal conversion) or a long-lived triplet (intersystem crossing). Our study is the first ultrafast spectroscopic probe of a ligand-protected coinage metal cluster in isolation. In the future, it will be interesting to study how cluster size, overall charge state, or heteroatom doping can be used to tune the corresponding relaxation dynamics in the absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron P Veenstra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laurenz Monzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Erik K Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Jiang Y, Liu LC, Sarracini A, Krawczyk KM, Wentzell JS, Lu C, Field RL, Matar SF, Gawelda W, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Miller RJD. Direct observation of nuclear reorganization driven by ultrafast spin transitions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1530. [PMID: 32251278 PMCID: PMC7090058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most basic molecular photophysical processes is that of spin transitions and intersystem crossing between excited states surfaces. The change in spin states affects the spatial distribution of electron density through the spin orbit coupling interaction. The subsequent nuclear reorganization reports on the full extent of the spin induced change in electron distribution, which can be treated similarly to intramolecular charge transfer with effective reaction coordinates depicting the spin transition. Here, single-crystal [FeII(bpy)3](PF6)2, a prototypical system for spin crossover (SCO) dynamics, is studied using ultrafast electron diffraction in the single-photon excitation regime. The photoinduced SCO dynamics are resolved, revealing two distinct processes with a (450 ± 20)-fs fast component and a (2.4 ± 0.4)-ps slow component. Using principal component analysis, we uncover the key structural modes, ultrafast Fe–N bond elongations coupled with ligand motions, that define the effective reaction coordinate to fully capture the relevant molecular reorganization. Electron spin is a fundamental property of molecules, and changes in spin state affect both molecular structure and dynamics. Here, the authors resolve, by ultrafast electron diffraction, the nuclear reorganization stabilizing spin transitions in a [FeII(bpy)3](PF6)2 crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Lai Chung Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada.,Uncharted Software, 600-2 Berkeley St., Toronto, M5A 4J5, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Sarracini
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Kamil M Krawczyk
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan S Wentzell
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Cheng Lu
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan L Field
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada
| | - Samir F Matar
- Lebanese German University, LGU, Sahel-Alma, P.O. Box 206, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3H6, ON, Canada.
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26
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Heim P, Mai S, Thaler B, Cesnik S, Avagliano D, Bella-Velidou D, Ernst WE, González L, Koch M. Revealing Ultrafast Population Transfer between Nearly Degenerate Electronic States. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1443-1449. [PMID: 31918552 PMCID: PMC7052817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The response of a molecule to photoexcitation is governed by the coupling of its electronic states. However, if the energetic spacing between the electronically excited states at the Franck-Condon window becomes sufficiently small, it is infeasible to selectively excite and monitor individual states with conventional time-resolved spectroscopy, preventing insight into the energy transfer and relaxation dynamics of the molecule. Here, we demonstrate how the combination of time-resolved spectroscopy and extensive surface hopping dynamics simulations with a global fit approach on individually excited ensembles overcomes this limitation and resolves the dynamics in the n3p Rydberg states in acetone. Photoelectron transients of the three closely spaced states n3px, n3py, and n3pz are used to validate the theoretical results, which in turn allow retrieving a comprehensive kinetic model describing the mutual interactions of these states for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Heim
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Thaler
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Cesnik
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Davide Avagliano
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitra Bella-Velidou
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E. Ernst
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute
of Experimental Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Talotta F, Morisset S, Rougeau N, Lauvergnat D, Agostini F. Spin-Orbit Interactions in Ultrafast Molecular Processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033001. [PMID: 32031839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate spin-orbit interactions in ultrafast molecular processes employing the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function. We revisit the original derivation by including spin-orbit coupling, and show how the dynamics driven by the time-dependent potential energy surface alleviates inconsistencies arising from different electronic representations. We propose a novel trajectory-based scheme to simulate spin-forbidden non-radiative processes, and we show its performance in the treatment of excited-state dynamics where spin-orbit effects couple different spin multiplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Talotta
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sabine Morisset
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Rougeau
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Federica Agostini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Eng J, Thompson S, Goodwin H, Credgington D, Penfold TJ. Competition between the heavy atom effect and vibronic coupling in donor–bridge–acceptor organometallics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4659-4667. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06999b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The excited state properties and intersystem crossing dynamics of a series of donor–bridge–acceptor carbene metal-amides based upon the coinage metals Cu, Ag, Au, are investigated using quantum dynamics simulations and supported by photophysical characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Stuart Thompson
- Chemistry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | | | | | - Thomas James Penfold
- Chemistry
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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29
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Mai S, González L. Unconventional two-step spin relaxation dynamics of [Re(CO) 3(im)(phen)] + in aqueous solution. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10405-10411. [PMID: 32110331 PMCID: PMC6988600 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03671g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of molecular spin are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. Among spin flip processes, one of the fastest is intersystem crossing (ISC) in transition metal complexes. Here, we investigate the spin relaxation dynamics and emission spectrum of [Re(CO)3(im)(phen)]+ (im = imidazole, phen = phenanthroline) using extensive full-dimensional excited-state dynamics simulations in explicit aqueous solution. Contrary to what has been observed in other transition metal complexes, the transition from the singlet to triplet states occurs via a two-step process, with clearly separable electronic and nuclear-driven components with two different time scales. The initially excited electronic wave function is a "molecular spin-orbit wave packet" that evolves almost instantaneously, with an 8 fs time constant, into an approximate 25 : 75 singlet-to-triplet equilibrium. Surprisingly, this ISC process is an order of magnitude faster than it was previously documented for this and other rhenium(i) carbonyl diimine complexes from emission spectra. Simulations including explicit laser field interactions evidence that few-cycle UV laser pulses are required to follow the creation and evolution of such molecular spin-orbit wave packets. The analysis of the dynamics also reveals a retarded ISC component, with a time constant of 420 fs, which can be explained invoking intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. The emission spectrum is shown to be characterized by ISC convoluted with internal conversion and vibrational relaxation. These results provide fundamental understanding of ultrafast intersystem crossing in transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
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30
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Livshits MY, Turlington MD, Trindle CO, Wang L, Altun Z, Wagenknecht PS, Rack JJ. Picosecond to Nanosecond Manipulation of Excited-State Lifetimes in Complexes with an Fe II to Ti IV Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer: The Role of Ferrocene Centered Excited States. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15320-15329. [PMID: 31686500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and computational analysis of D-π-A complexes comprising FeII donors and TiIV acceptors with the general formula RCp2Ti(C2Fc)2 (where RCp = Cp*, Cp, and MeOOCCp) and TMSCp2Ti(C2Fc)(C2R) (where R = Ph or CF3) are reported. The transient absorption spectra are consistent with an FeIII/TiIII metal-to-metal charge-transfer (MMCT) excited state for all complexes. Thus, excited-state decay is assigned to back-electron transfer (BET), the lifetime of which ranges from 18.8 to 41 ps. Though spectroscopic analysis suggests BET should fall into the Marcus inverted regime, the observed kinetics are not consistent with this assertion. TDDFT calculations reveal that the singlet metal-to-metal charge-transfer (1MMCT) excited state for the FeII/TiIV complexes is not purely MMCT in nature but is contaminated with the higher-energy 1Fc (d-d) state. For the diferrocenyl complexes, RCp2Ti(C2Fc)2, the ratio of MMCT to Fc centered character ranges from 57:43 for the Cp* complex to 85:15 for the MeOOCCp complex. For the diferrocenyl and monoferrocenyl complexes investigated herein, the excited-state lifetimes decrease with increased 1Fc character. The effect of CuI coordination was also analyzed by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and reveals the elongation of the excited-state lifetime by 3 orders of magnitude to 63 ns. The transient spectra and TDDFT analysis suggest that the long-lived excited state in Cp2Ti(C2Fc)2·CuX (where X is Cl or Br) is a triplet iron species with an electron arrangement of TiIV-3FeII-CuI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Y Livshits
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , Furman University , Greenville , South Carolina 29613 , United States
| | - Carl O Trindle
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Zikri Altun
- Department of Physics , Marmara University , Göztepe Kampus , 34772 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Paul S Wagenknecht
- Department of Chemistry , Furman University , Greenville , South Carolina 29613 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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31
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Zobel JP, González L. Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation Predict Intersystem Crossing in Nitroaromatic Molecules on a Picosecond Time Scale. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019; 3:833-845. [PMID: 31681833 PMCID: PMC6813632 DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous time-resolved spectroscopic experiments and static quantum-chemical calculations attributed nitronaphthalene derivatives one of the fastest time scales for intersystem crossing within organic molecules, reaching the 100 fs mark. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on three nitronaphthalene derivatives challenge this view, showing that the experimentally observed ∼100 fs process corresponds to internal conversion in the singlet manifolds. Intersystem crossing, instead, takes place on a longer time scale of ∼1 ps. The dynamics simulations further reveal that the spin transitions occur via two distinct pathways with different contribution for the three systems, which are determined by electronic factors and the torsion of the nitro group. This study, therefore, indicates that the existence of sub-picosecond intersystem crossing in other nitroaromatic molecules should be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, KemicentrumLund UniversityP.O. Box 124SE-221 00LundSweden
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 17A-1090ViennaAustria
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32
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Abstract
After presenting the basic theoretical models of excitation energy transfer and charge transfer, I describe some of the novel experimental methods used to probe them. Finally, I discuss recent results concerning ultrafast energy and charge transfer in biological systems, in chemical systems and in photovoltaics based on sensitized transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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33
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Mai S, Atkins AJ, Plasser F, González L. The Influence of the Electronic Structure Method on Intersystem Crossing Dynamics. The Case of Thioformaldehyde. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3470-3480. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straß 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew J. Atkins
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straß 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straß 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straß 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Smith JD, Jamhawi AM, Jasinski JB, Gallou F, Ge J, Advincula R, Liu J, Handa S. Organopolymer with dual chromophores and fast charge-transfer properties for sustainable photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1837. [PMID: 31015478 PMCID: PMC6478678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic polymers offer an alternative to prevailing organometallics and nanomaterials, and they may benefit from polymer-mediated catalytic and material enhancements. MPC-1, a polymer photoredox catalyst reported herein, exhibits enhanced catalytic activity arising from charge transfer states (CTSs) between its two chromophores. Oligomeric and polymeric MPC-1 preparations both promote efficient hydrodehalogenation of α-halocarbonyl compounds while exhibiting different solubility properties. The polymer is readily recovered by filtration. MPC-1-coated vessels enable batch and flow photocatalysis, even with opaque reaction mixtures, via "backside irradiation." Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy indicates a fast charge-transfer process within 20 ps of photoexcitation. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal an approximate 10 ns lifetime for bright valence states. Ultrafast measurements suggest a long CTS lifetime. Empirical catalytic activities of small-molecule models of MPC-1 subunits support the CTS hypothesis. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations are in good agreement with experimental spectra, spectral peak assignment, and proposed underlying energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Abdelqader M Jamhawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jacek B Jasinski
- Materials Characterization, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | | | - Jin Ge
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rigoberto Advincula
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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35
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36
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Matveev SM, Budkina DS, Zheldakov IL, Phelan MR, Hicks CM, Tarnovsky AN. Femtosecond dynamics of metal-centered and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (t2g-based) electronic excited states in various solvents: A comprehensive study of IrBr62−. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Matveev
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Darya S. Budkina
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Igor L. Zheldakov
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Michael R. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Christopher M. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
| | - Alexander N. Tarnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University,Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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37
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Bräm O, Cannizzo A, Chergui M. Ultrafast Broadband Fluorescence Up-conversion Study of the Electronic Relaxation of Metalloporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1461-1468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bräm
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Fumanal M, Gindensperger E, Daniel C. Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing vs Internal Conversion in α-Diimine Transition Metal Complexes: Quantum Evidence. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5189-5195. [PMID: 30145893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas third row transition metal carbonyl α-diimine complexes display luminescent properties and possess low-lying triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states efficiently accessible by a spin-vibronic mechanism, first row analogues hold low-lying metal-centered (MC) excited states that could quench these properties. Upon visible irradiation, different functions are potentially stimulated, namely, luminescence, electron transfer, or photoinduced CO release, the branching ratio of which is governed by the energetics, the character, and the early time dynamics of the photoactive excited states. Simulations of ultrafast nonadiabatic quantum dynamics, including spin-vibronic effects, of [M(imidazole)(CO)3(phenanthroline)]+ (M = Mn, Re) highlight the role of the metal atom. An ultrafast intersystem crossing process, driven by spin-orbit coupling, populates the low-lying triplet states of [Re(imidazole)(CO)3(phen)]+ within the first tens of fs. In contrast, efficient internal conversion between the two lowest 1MLCT states of [Mn(imidazole)(CO)3(phen)]+ is mediated within 50 fs by vibronic coupling with upper MC and MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie Strasbourg , UMR7177 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal BP296/R8 , F-67008 Strasbourg , France
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39
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Zhang Y, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Monitoring Ultrafast Spin Crossover Intermediates in an Iron(II) Complex by Broad Band Stimulated X-ray Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6524-6531. [PMID: 29944375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced spin crossover dynamics of transition metal complexes is of fundamental scientific importance and is used for sensor device applications and solar energy harvesting. Current X-ray and optical spectroscopy experiments for [FeII(bpy)3], an archetypal earth-abundant metal complex, show conflicting spin dynamics. We have simulated the broad band transient X-ray absorption and hybrid (broad + narrow band) X-ray stimulated Raman signals at the N and Fe K-edges of the key excited state intermediates involved in the spin crossover process of this complex. We find that these signals are much more sensitive to electron and spin populations than transition absorption and may be useful in the design of photovoltaic and artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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40
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Thompson S, Eng J, Penfold TJ. The intersystem crossing of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene gold (i) complex. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:014304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5032185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Thompson
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - J. Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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41
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Bircher MP, Liberatore E, Browning NJ, Brickel S, Hofmann C, Patoz A, Unke OT, Zimmermann T, Chergui M, Hamm P, Keller U, Meuwly M, Woerner HJ, Vaníček J, Rothlisberger U. Nonadiabatic effects in electronic and nuclear dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061510. [PMID: 29376108 PMCID: PMC5760266 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to their very nature, ultrafast phenomena are often accompanied by the occurrence of nonadiabatic effects. From a theoretical perspective, the treatment of nonadiabatic processes makes it necessary to go beyond the (quasi) static picture provided by the time-independent Schrödinger equation within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and to find ways to tackle instead the full time-dependent electronic and nuclear quantum problem. In this review, we give an overview of different nonadiabatic processes that manifest themselves in electronic and nuclear dynamics ranging from the nonadiabatic phenomena taking place during tunnel ionization of atoms in strong laser fields to the radiationless relaxation through conical intersections and the nonadiabatic coupling of vibrational modes and discuss the computational approaches that have been developed to describe such phenomena. These methods range from the full solution of the combined nuclear-electronic quantum problem to a hierarchy of semiclassical approaches and even purely classical frameworks. The power of these simulation tools is illustrated by representative applications and the direct confrontation with experimental measurements performed in the National Centre of Competence for Molecular Ultrafast Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Bircher
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Liberatore
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J Browning
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brickel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélien Patoz
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver T Unke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jakob Woerner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Convenient synthetic access to fluorescent rhodacyclopentadienes via ligand exchange reactions. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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44
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Greene SM, Batista VS. Tensor-Train Split-Operator Fourier Transform (TT-SOFT) Method: Multidimensional Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:4034-4042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 27394, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-7394, United States
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45
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Jiang C, Young PJ, Brown-Xu SE, Kender WT, Hamilton EJM, Gallucci JC, Chisholm MH. Probing Interligand Electron Transfer in the 1MLCT S1 Excited State of trans-Mo2L2L′2 Compounds: A Comparative Study of Auxiliary Ligands and Solvents. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9660-9668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100
West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Philip J. Young
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Samantha E. Brown-Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William T. Kender
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100
West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ewan J. M. Hamilton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, Ohio 45804, United States
| | - Judith C. Gallucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100
West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Malcolm H. Chisholm
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100
West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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46
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Kjær KS, Zhang W, Alonso-Mori R, Bergmann U, Chollet M, Hadt RG, Hartsock RW, Harlang T, Kroll T, Kubiček K, Lemke HT, Liang HW, Liu Y, Nielsen MM, Robinson JS, Solomon EI, Sokaras D, van Driel TB, Weng TC, Zhu D, Persson P, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Gaffney KJ. Ligand manipulation of charge transfer excited state relaxation and spin crossover in [Fe(2,2'-bipyridine) 2(CN) 2]. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044030. [PMID: 28653021 PMCID: PMC5461172 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have used femtosecond resolution UV-visible and Kβ x-ray emission spectroscopy to characterize the electronic excited state dynamics of [Fe(bpy)2(CN)2], where bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, initiated by metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excitation. The excited-state absorption in the transient UV-visible spectra, associated with the 2,2'-bipyridine radical anion, provides a robust marker for the MLCT excited state, while the transient Kβ x-ray emission spectra provide a clear measure of intermediate and high spin metal-centered excited states. From these measurements, we conclude that the MLCT state of [Fe(bpy)2(CN)2] undergoes ultrafast spin crossover to a metal-centered quintet excited state through a short lived metal-centered triplet transient species. These measurements of [Fe(bpy)2(CN)2] complement prior measurement performed on [Fe(bpy)3]2+ and [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- in dimethylsulfoxide solution and help complete the chemical series [Fe(bpy)N(CN)6-2N]2N-4, where N = 1-3. The measurements confirm that simple ligand modifications can significantly change the relaxation pathways and excited state lifetimes and support the further investigation of light harvesting and photocatalytic applications of 3d transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrik T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Yizhu Liu
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Centre for Molecular Movies, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joseph S Robinson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Petter Persson
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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47
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Reinhard M, Auböck G, Besley NA, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Hanson-Heine MWD, Horvath R, Murphy TS, Penfold TJ, Towrie M, George MW, Chergui M. Photoaquation Mechanism of Hexacyanoferrate(II) Ions: Ultrafast 2D UV and Transient Visible and IR Spectroscopies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7335-7347. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reinhard
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Auböck
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Murphy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Majed Chergui
- Ecole polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de spectroscopie ultrarapide, ISIC, and Lausanne Centre
for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Rajagopal SK, Mallia AR, Hariharan M. Enhanced intersystem crossing in carbonylpyrenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28225-28231. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited state relaxation of carbonylpyrenes displays ultrafast intersystem crossing to generate near-unity triplet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinaj K. Rajagopal
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Ajith R. Mallia
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
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49
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Martínez JP, Solà M, Voityuk AA. The Driving Force of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Metal-Cluster-Encapsulated Triphenylamine-[80]fullerenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:17305-17310. [PMID: 27778398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding photoinduced charge separation in fullerene-based dye-sensitized solar cells is crucial for the development of photovoltaic devices. We investigate here how the driving force of the charge separation process in conjugates of M@C80 (M=Sc3 N, Sc3 CH, Sc3 NC, Sc4 O2 , and Sc4 O3 ) with triphenylamine (TPA) depends on the nature of the metal cluster. Both singlet and triplet excited-state electron-transfer reactions are considered. These results based on TD-DFT calculations demonstrate that the driving force of charge separation in TPA-M@C80 can be tuned well by varying the structure of the metal cluster encapsulated inside the fullerene cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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50
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Scattergood PA, Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Davies ES, Suyetin M, Besley E, Schröder M, Weinstein JA, Khlobystov AN. Stabilising the lowest energy charge-separated state in a {metal chromophore - fullerene} assembly: a tuneable panchromatic absorbing donor-acceptor triad. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5908-5921. [PMID: 30034733 PMCID: PMC6024556 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreduction of fullerene and the consequent stabilisation of a charge-separated state in a donor-acceptor assembly have been achieved, overcoming the common problem of a fullerene-based triplet state being an energy sink that prevents charge-separation. A route to incorporate a C60-fullerene electron acceptor moiety into a catecholate-Pt(ii)-diimine photoactive dyad, which contains an unusually strong electron donor, 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate, has been developed. The synthetic methodology is based on the formation of the aldehyde functionalised bipyridine-Pt(ii)-3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol dyad which is then added to the fullerene cage via a Prato cycloaddition reaction. The resultant product is the first example of a fullerene-diimine-Pt-catecholate donor-acceptor triad, C60bpy-Pt-cat. The triad exhibits an intense solvatochromic absorption band in the visible region due to catechol-to-diimine charge-transfer, which, together with fullerene-based transitions, provides efficient and tuneable light harvesting of the majority of the UV/visible spectral range. Cyclic voltammetry, EPR and UV/vis/IR spectroelectrochemistry reveal redox behaviour with a wealth of reversible reduction and oxidation processes forming multiply charged species and storing multiple redox equivalents. Ultrafast transient absorption and time resolved infrared spectroscopy, supported by molecular modelling, reveal the formation of a charge-separated state [C60˙-bpy-Pt-cat˙+] with a lifetime of ∼890 ps. The formation of cat˙+ in the excited state is evidenced directly by characteristic absorption bands in the 400-500 nm region, while the formation of C60˙- was confirmed directly by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, TRIR. An IR-spectroelectrochemical study of the mono-reduced building block (C60-bpy)PtCl2, revealed a characteristic C60˙- vibrational feature at 1530 cm-1, which was also detected in the TRIR spectra. This combination of experiments offers the first direct IR-identification of C60˙- species in solution, and paves the way towards the application of transient infrared spectroscopy to the study of light-induced charge-separation in C60-containing assemblies, as well as fullerene films and fullerene/polymer blends in various OPV devices. Identification of the unique vibrational signature of a C60-anion provides a new way to follow photoinduced processes in fullerene-containing assemblies by means of time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy, as demonstrated for the fullerene-transition metal chromophore assembly with the lowest energy charge-separated excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lebedeva
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PS , UK .
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | | | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
- Laser for Science Facility , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Oxfordshire , OX11 0QX , UK
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Mikhail Suyetin
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | | | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
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