1
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Gaudillat Q, Kirchhoff JL, Jourdain I, Humblot V, Figarol A, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Viau L. Coordination Assemblies of Acetylenic Dithioether Ligands on Silver(I) Salts: Crystal Structure, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activities. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:19249-19265. [PMID: 39340472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Coordination polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constitute a new class of antibacterial materials. Interest in them stems from their wide range of topology, dimensionality, and secondary building units that can be tuned by an appropriate choice of metal ions and ligands. In particular, silver-based species feature good antibacterial properties. In this study, we explored the coordination of three acetylenic dithioether RSCH2C≡CCH2SR [R = phenyl (LPh), cyclohexyl (LCy), or tert-butyl (LtBu)] ligands on several silver salts (silver tosylate, silver triflate, and silver trifluoroacetate). The crystallographic characterization evidenced the formation of a molecular macrocycle and six CPs with different dimensionalities, ranging from one to two dimensions. In most cases, they are composed of four-coordinated silver atoms in a tetrahedral environment. Their antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. All CPs present good antibacterial properties against the tested bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 μg of Ag/mL. Interestingly, we found that these values could not be correlated to their architecture or morphology or to the amount of silver released. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was also evaluated on normal human dermal fibroblasts, and three of these CPs were found to be biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gaudillat
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabelle Jourdain
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Humblot
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6174, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Agathe Figarol
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6174, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Michael Knorr
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lydie Viau
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, 16 Route de Gray, F-25000 Besançon, France
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2
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Das C, Nishiguchi T, Fan Z, Horike S. Crystallization Kinetics of a Liquid-Forming 2D Coordination Polymer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9372-9379. [PMID: 36441580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a mechanism of crystal melting and crystallization behavior of a two-dimensional coordination polymer [Ag2(L1)(CF3SO3)2] (1, L1 = 4,4'-biphenyldicarbonitrile) upon heating-cooling processes. The crystal showed melting at 282 °C, and the following gentle cooling induced the abrupt crystallization at 242 °C confirmed by DSC. A temperature-dependent structural change has been discussed through calorimetric, spectroscopic, and mechanical measurements. They indicated that the coordination-bond networks are partially retained in the melt state, but the melt showed a significantly low viscosity of 9.8 × 10-2 Pa·s at Tm which is six orders lower than that of ZIF-62 at Tm (435 °C). Rheological studies provided an understanding of the fast relaxation dynamics for the recrystallization process, along with that the high Tm provides enough thermal energy to crossover the activation energy barrier for the nucleation. The isothermal crystallization kinetics through calorimetric measurements with applying the Avrami equation identified the nature of the nuclei and its crystal growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Das
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Nishiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Zeyu Fan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horike
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong21210, Thailand
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3
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Li R, Chen T, Pan X. Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Materials for Antimicrobial Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3808-3848. [PMID: 33629585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To address the serious threat of bacterial infection to public health, great efforts have been devoted to the development of antimicrobial agents for inhibiting bacterial growth, preventing biofilm formation, and sterilization. Very recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for various antimicrobial applications owing to their different functions including the controlled/stimulated decomposition of components with bactericidal activity, strong interactions with bacterial membranes, and formation of photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as high loading and sustained releasing capacities for other antimicrobial materials. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, synthesis, and antimicrobial applications of MOF-based materials, which are classified by their roles as component-releasing (metal ions, ligands, or both), photocatalytic, and chelation antimicrobial agents as well as carriers or/and synergistic antimicrobial agents of other functional materials (antibiotics, enzymes, metals/metal oxides, carbon materials, etc.). The constituents, fundamental antimicrobial mechanisms, and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of these materials are highlighted to present the design principles of efficient MOF-based antimicrobial materials. The prospects and challenges in this research field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014, China
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4
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Fulong CRP, Kim S, Friedman AE, Cook TR. Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Silver(I) and Gold(I) Rings: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Studies. Front Chem 2019; 7:567. [PMID: 31475134 PMCID: PMC6705220 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the self-assembly between Ag(I) and Au(I) centers and pyridyl donors to form hexagonal metallacycles and related linear complexes. The precipitation of hexagonal metallacycles upon assembly in chloroform/methanol mixtures results in high solid-state photo-stability. Whereas, the Ag(I) species have fast kinetics and high formation constants in acetone, this solvent interferes in the formation of the analogous Au(I) complexes. The photophysical properties of this suite of metallacycles was investigated including steady-state absorption, emission, and time-resolved lifetime measurements. All ligands and hexagons exhibited ligand-centered singlet emissions with ground-state absorption and emission perturbed upon coordination. The ligand-based fluorescent photoluminescence was affected by the heavy-atom effect when halide or metals are present, attenuating quantum yields as evidenced by increases in the experimentally measured non-radiative rate constants. The formation of group 11 metallacycles is motivated by their potential applications in mixed-matrix materials wherein metal ions can interact with substrate to facilitate separations chemistry with reduced energy requirements, in particular the isolation of ethylene and light olefins. Existing processes involve cryogenic distillation, an energy intensive and inefficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cressa Ria P Fulong
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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5
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Antimicrobial Activities of Green Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles @ Ni-MOF Nanosheets. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Jakobsen V, Viganor L, Blanco-Fernández A, Howe O, Devereux M, McKenzie CJ, McKee V. Tetrameric and polymeric silver complexes of the omeprazole scaffold; synthesis, structure, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities and DNA interaction. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:317-328. [PMID: 30025225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Two complexes [AgI(pmtbH)]4 (1) and {[Ag4(pmtbH)4(NO3)4·2X}n (2) (where pmtbH is 2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)thio]-1H-benzimidazole and X is H2O or MeOH) were synthesised and structurally characterised. Complex 2 showed therapeutic potential against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but complex 1 did not show significant activity in vitro. Further in vivo studies using larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella indicated that complex 2 significantly stimulates the immune system and that pre-treatment with the complex offers appreciable protection against all three bacteria. Real-time flow cytometry data support the observed antimicrobial profile of complex 2 and suggest the antimicrobial response may be linked to a form of bacterial programmed cell death (PCD). Complex 2 was found to interact with DNA in the bacterial and fungal cells but it did not cleave plasmid DNA isolated from the three bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibe Jakobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Livia Viganor
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco-Fernández
- UCD-Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Devereux
- The Centre for Biomimetic and Therapeutic Research, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Christine J McKenzie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vickie McKee
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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7
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Ben Kiran A, Mocanu T, Pöllnitz A, Shova S, Andruh M, Silvestru C. Triphenylbismuth(v) di[(iso)nicotinates] - transmetallation agents or divergent organometalloligands? First organobismuth(v)-based silver(i) coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2531-2542. [PMID: 29384531 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Ph3BiCl2 with alkali salts of isonicotinic and nicotinic acids afforded Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-4]2 (1) and Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-3]2 (2), respectively, which were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in solution, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy in the solid state. Their molecular structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For both 1 and 2 the molecules contain a trigonal bipyramidal C3BiO2 core, with the phenyl groups in equatorial positions. The potential use of 1 and 2 as ditopic organometalloligands was investigated. The reaction of 1 or 2 with Me3SnCl (1 : 2 molar ratio) resulted in carboxylato ligand exchange and the formation of Me3Sn[O(O)CC5H4N-4] (3) and Me3Sn[O(O)CC5H4N-3] (4) besides Ph3BiCl2. The crystals of both 3 and 4 contain 1-D coordination polymers built through intermolecular N → Sn interactions. The treatment of Ni[S2P(OiPr)2]2 with 1 and 2, respectively, resulted, in addition to di(carboxylato)nickel(ii) derivatives, in isolation of Ph3Bi and the disulphane [(iPrO)2P(S)S]2. New coordination polymers were obtained by reacting 1 and 2 with various silver(i) salts: [Ag{Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-4]2}(OTf)] (5), [Ag{Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-3]2}(OTf)]·CH2Cl2 (6·CH2Cl2), [Ag{Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-4]2}](SbF6)·2THF (7·2THF), [Ag{Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-3]2}](SbF6)·CH2Cl2 (8·CH2Cl2) and [Ag{Ph3Bi[O(O)CC5H4N-3]2}(NO3)]·CH2Cl2 (9·CH2Cl2). The crystal structures of 5 and 6 can be described as 1-D chains linked by triflate bridges in pairs of chains and 2-D networks, respectively. Compound 7 features a 2-D grid-like topology of the network, with tecton 1 acting as a tridentate ligand through both nitrogen and one oxygen atoms. The linker 2 molecules adopt either cis (compound 6) or trans (compounds 8 and 9) conformation. Complexes 8 and 9 are 1-D chain polymers exhibiting zig-zag and wavy motifs, respectively. The dimensionality of the structures is extended by the presence of supramolecular interactions (ππ, AgAg, AgO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ben Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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8
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Ling F, Xiao L, Fang L, Lv Y, Zhong W. Copper Catalysis for Nicotinate Synthesis through β-
Alkenylation/Cyclization of Saturated Ketones with β
-Enamino Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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9
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Mohapatra B, Pratibha, Verma S. Directed adenine functionalization for creating complex architectures for material and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4748-4758. [PMID: 28393940 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, targeted design strategies are outlined for modified adenine nucleobase derivatives in order to construct metal-mediated discrete complexes, ring-expanded purine skeletons, linear and catenated coordination polymers, shape-selective MOFs, and purine-capped nanoparticles, with a wide range of applications from gas and solvent adsorption to bioimaging agents and anticancer metallodrugs. The success of such design strategies could be ascribed to the rich chemistry of purine and pyrimidine derivatives, versatile coordination behavior, ability to bind a host of metal ions, which could be further tuned by the introduction of additional functionalities, and their inherent propensity to hydrogen bond and exhibit π-π interactions. These noncovalent interactions produce stable frameworks and network solids that are useful as advanced materials, and the biocompatibility of these ligand complexes provides an impetus for assessing novel biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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10
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Hirai S, Horikawa Y, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. Tailor-made synthesis of fully alkylated/arylated nicotinates by FeCl3-mediated condensation of enamino esters with enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2390-2393. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for fully alkylated/arylated nicotinates was achieved by FeCl3-mediated condensation of enamino esters and enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hirai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
| | - Yurie Horikawa
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering
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11
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Chen J, Voutier N, Rajabi J, Crochet A, Bassani DM, Fromm KM. Influence of anions and solvent molecules on the packing and emission spectra of coordination polymers based on silver ions and an anthracene derivative. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure-property relationships in Ag-coordination polymers with an anthracene-derived ligand are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials
| | - Noémie Voutier
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Jamshid Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Dario M. Bassani
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires CNRS UMR5255
- Univ. Bordeaux
- 33400 Talence
- France
| | - Katharina M. Fromm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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12
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Venkatesh V, Kumaran MDB, Saravanan RK, Kalaichelvan PT, Verma S. Luminescent Silver-Purine Double Helicate: Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Antibacterial Action. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1266-1271. [PMID: 31964074 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, self-assembly and antibacterial activity of a luminescent silver-purine double helicate is reported. The structure of the newly synthesized silver-supported helicate [C36 H24 N16 O4 Cl5 Ag1 ] was unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. It exhibited a bright bluish-green emission (λmax =460 nm), when excited with 380 nm light. Microscopic investigations showed that the complex has a propensity to self-assemble into nanospheres. The antibacterial activity of this silver-containing helicate was studied against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values showed that the complex is very active against Gram-negative bacteria. Further internalization of the silver complex into E. coli bacteria was mapped with the help of microscopic techniques. These results are significant as silver was recently found to enhance antibiotic action against Gram-negative bacteria, raising hope in countering severe bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - M D Bala Kumaran
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, TN, India.,Deapartment of Biotechnology, D. G. Vaishnav College, Chennai, 600106, TN, India
| | - R Kamal Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - P T Kalaichelvan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, TN, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
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13
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Metal-organic and supramolecular networks driven by 5-chloronicotinic acid: Hydrothermal self-assembly synthesis, structural diversity, luminescent and magnetic properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Kuehl R, Brunetto PS, Woischnig AK, Varisco M, Rajacic Z, Vosbeck J, Terracciano L, Fromm KM, Khanna N. Preventing Implant-Associated Infections by Silver Coating. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2467-75. [PMID: 26883700 PMCID: PMC4808148 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02934-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are a dreaded complication mainly caused by biofilm-forming staphylococci. Implant surfaces preventing microbial colonization would be desirable. We examined the preventive effect of a silver-coated titanium-aluminum-niobium (TiAlNb) alloy. The surface elicited a strong, inoculum-dependent activity againstStaphylococcus epidermidisandStaphylococcus aureusin an agar inhibition assay. Gamma sterilization and alcohol disinfection did not alter the effect. In a tissue cage mouse model, silver coating of TiAlNb cages prevented perioperative infections in an inoculum-dependent manner and led to a 100% prevention rate after challenge with 2 × 10(6)CFU ofS. epidermidisper cage. InS. aureusinfections, silver coating had only limited effect. Similarly, daptomycin or vancomycin prophylaxis alone did not preventS. aureusinfections. However, silver coating combined with daptomycin or vancomycin prophylaxis thwarted methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfections at a prevention rate of 100% or 33%, respectively. Moreover, silver release from the surface was independent of infection and occurred rapidly after implantation. On day 2, a peak of 82 μg Ag/ml was reached in the cage fluid, corresponding to almost 6× the MIC of the staphylococci. Cytotoxicity toward leukocytes in the cage was low and temporary. Surrounding tissue did not reveal histological signs of silver toxicity.In vitro, no emergence of silver resistance was observed in several clinical strains of staphylococci upon serial subinhibitory silver exposures. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that silver-coated TiAlNb is potent for prevention of IAIs and thus can be considered for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kuehl
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Varisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zarko Rajacic
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Vosbeck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Fromm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Jaros SW, Guedes da Silva MFC, Król J, Conceição Oliveira M, Smoleński P, Pombeiro AJL, Kirillov AM. Bioactive Silver–Organic Networks Assembled from 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and Flexible Cyclohexanecarboxylate Blocks. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1486-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina W. Jaros
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jarosław Król
- Department of Pathology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Piotr Smoleński
- Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Abstract
Glyme coordinates to copper–thiolate polymers to significantly strengthen materials and provide tunable optical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Scott Compel
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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17
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Glišić BĐ, Senerovic L, Comba P, Wadepohl H, Veselinovic A, Milivojevic DR, Djuran MI, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Silver(I) complexes with phthalazine and quinazoline as effective agents against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 155:115-28. [PMID: 26687023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five silver(I) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles, phthalazine (phtz) and quinazoline (qz), were synthesized, characterized and analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Although different AgX salts reacted with phtz, only dinuclear silver(I) complexes of the general formula {[Ag(X-O)(phtz-N)]2(μ-phtz-N,N')2} were formed, X=NO3(-) (1), CF3SO3(-) (2) and ClO4(-) (3). However, reactions of qz with an equimolar amount of AgCF3SO3 and AgBF4 resulted in the formation of polynuclear complexes, {[Ag(CF3SO3-O)(qz-N)]2}n (4) and {[Ag(qz-N)][BF4]}n (5). Complexes 1-5 were evaluated by in vitro antimicrobial studies against a panel of microbial strains that lead to many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound and nosocomial infections. The obtained results indicate that all tested silver(I) complexes have good antibacterial activity with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values in the range from 2.9 to 48.0μM against the investigated strains. Among the investigated strains, these complexes were particularly efficient against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=2.9-29μM) and had a marked ability to disrupt clinically relevant biofilms of strains with high inherent resistance to antibiotics. On the other hand, their activity against the fungus Candida albicans was moderate. In order to determine the therapeutic potential of silver(I) complexes 1-5, their antiproliferative effect on the human lung fibroblastic cell line MRC5, has been also evaluated. The binding of complexes 1-5 to the genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis techniques and well supported by molecular docking into the DNA minor groove. All investigated complexes showed an improved cytotoxicity profile in comparison to the clinically used AgNO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lidija Senerovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institüt and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institüt and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dusan R Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, PO Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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18
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Bloch WM, Sumby CJ. Silver(I) coordination polymers of the ‘hinged’ pyrazine containing ligand di-2-pyrazinylmethane. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1078465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Witold M. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Sumby
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Mao X, Jiang R, Xiao W, Yu J. Use of surfactants for the remediation of contaminated soils: a review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:419-35. [PMID: 25528485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the great harm caused by soil contamination, there is an increasing interest to apply surfactants to the remediation of a variety of contaminated soils worldwide. This review article summarizes the findings of recent literatures regarding remediation of contaminated soils/sites using surfactants as an enhancing agent. For the surfactant-based remedial technologies, the adsorption behaviors of surfactants onto soil, the solubilizing capability of surfactants, and the toxicity and biocompatibility of surfactants are important considerations. Surfactants can enhance desorption of pollutants from soil, and promote bioremediation of organics by increasing bioavailability of pollutants. The removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from soils involves the mechanisms of dissolution, surfactant-associated complexation, and ionic exchange. In addition to the conventional ionic and nonionic surfactants, gemini surfactants and biosurfactants are also applied to soil remediation due to their benign features like lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and better biocompatibility. Mixed surfactant systems and combined use of surfactants with other additives are often adopted to improve the overall performance of soil washing solution for decontamination. Worldwide the field studies and full-scale remediation using surfactant-based technologies are yet limited, however, the already known cases reveal the good prospect of applying surfactant-based technologies to soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Mao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Dobrynin AB, Strobykina IY, Litvinov IA, Kataev VE, Sinyashin OG. Molecular and crystal structure of 2,11,14,17,20,23-hexaoxa-1,12(16,4α)-di-(19-nor-ent-beyerane)tetracosaphane-3,10,13,24-tetraone. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Aji Alex MR, Nagpal N, Kulshreshtha R, Koul V. Synthesis and evaluation of cationically modified poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) nanocarriers for intracellular gene delivery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper discusses the intracellular gene delivery efficacy of various cationic PSMA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Aji Alex
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
| | - Neha Nagpal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
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22
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Wang L, Di S, Wang W, Zhou S. Self-healing and shape memory capabilities of copper-coordination polymer network. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper-coordination polymer network displays excellent shape memory and high self-healing functions under a mild condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
| | - Shubin Di
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
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23
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Eichhorn T, Hey-Hawkins E, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mojić M, Schmidt J, Mijatović S, Schmidt H, Kaluđerović GN. Binuclear dichlorido(η6-p-cymene)ruthenium(II) complexes with bis(nicotinate)- and bis(isonicotinate)-polyethylene glycol ester ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eichhorn
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Leipzig University; Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’; University of Belgrade; Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Mojić
- Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’; University of Belgrade; Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’; University of Belgrade; Bulevar despota Stefana 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Harry Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Institute of Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Leipzig University; Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany
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24
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Huang QY, Li T, Meng XR. A new 3D cobalt(II) complex with left- and right-handed helical channels. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Pallavicini P, Dacarro G, Diaz-Fernandez YA, Taglietti A. Coordination chemistry of surface-grafted ligands for antibacterial materials. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Silver carboxylate metal–organic frameworks with highly antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Varisco M, Khanna N, Brunetto PS, Fromm KM. New antimicrobial and biocompatible implant coating with synergic silver-vancomycin conjugate action. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1221-30. [PMID: 24799389 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Materials foreign to the body are used ever more frequently, as increasing numbers of patients require implants. As a consequence, the numbers of implant-related infections have grown as well, and with increasing resistance. Treatments often fail; thus, new antibacterial coating strategies are being developed by scientists to avoid, or at least strongly reduce, bacterial adhesion to implant surfaces. In this study, we focused on producing a self-protective coating combining silver(I) ions and a vancomycin-derived molecule, intelligent pyridinate vancomycin (IPV), with a synergetic and effective action against bacteria. These Ag(I) -IPV conjugate-coated surfaces are well characterized and exhibit strong bactericidal activity in vitro against Staphylococci strains. Furthermore, the released quantities of both drugs from the coated surfaces do not affect their biocompatibility and soft tissue integration. These newly developed Ag(I) -IPV conjugate coatings thus represent a possible and efficient protection method against bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation during and after implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Varisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg (Switzerland)
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28
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Wang L, Wang W, Di S, Yang X, Chen H, Gong T, Zhou S. Silver-coordination polymer network combining antibacterial action and shape memory capabilities. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ag-coordination polymer network displays a shape memory function and simultaneously allows Ag ions to be released to exert an antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shubin Di
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu, PR China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Fromm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Fribourg; 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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30
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Fromm KM, Sagué JL, Robin AY. Silver coordination polymers with isonicotinic acid derived short polyethylene glycol – Synthesis, structures, anion effect and solution behavior. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Barry NPE, Sadler PJ. Exploration of the medical periodic table: towards new targets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5106-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Prajapati RK, Kumar J, Verma S. Counteranion-directed structural consequences in silver–adenine N-oxide complexes. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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