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Campagnolo F, Aneggi E, Baratta W, Munir T, Zuccaccia D. Diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements on Cationic Gold (I) Complexes in Catalytic Conditions: Counterion and Solvent Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:3018. [PMID: 38998970 PMCID: PMC11243661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The amount of free ions, ion pairs, and higher aggregate of the possible species present in a solution during the gold(I)-catalyzed alkoxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbon, i.e., ISIP (inner sphere ion pair) [(NHC)AuX] and OSIP (outer sphere ion pairs) [(NHC)Au(TME)X] [NHC 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene; TME = tetramethylethylene (2,3-bis methyl-butene); X- = Cl-, BF4-, OTf-; and OTs- BArF4- (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)], has been determined. The 1H and 19F DOSY NMR measurements conducted in catalytic conditions indicate that the dissociation degree (α) of the equilibrium ion pair/free ions {[(NHC)Au(TME)X] [(NHC)Au(TME)]+ + X-} depends on the nature of the counterion (X-) when chloroform is the catalytic solvent: while the compounds containing OTs- and OTf- as the counterion gave a low α (which means a high number of ion pairs) of 0.13 and 0.24, respectively, the compounds containing BF4- and BArF4- showed higher α values of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. These results experimentally confirm previous deductions based on catalytic and theoretical data: the lower the α value, the greater the catalytic activity because the anion that can activate methanol during a nucleophilic attack, although the lower propensity to activate methanol of BF4- and BArF4-, as suggested by the DFT calculations, cannot be completely overlooked. As for the effect of the solvent, α increases as the dielectric constant increases, as expected, and in particular, green solvents with high dielectric constants show a very high α (0.90, 0.84, 0.80, and 0.70 for propylene carbonate, γ-valerolactone, acetone, and methanol, respectively), thus confirming that the moderately high activity of NHC-Au-OTf in these solvents is due to the specific effect of polar functionalities (O-H, C=O, O-R) in activating methanol. Finally, the DOSY measurements conducted in p-Cymene show the formation of quadrupole species: under these conditions, the anion can better exercise its 'template' and 'activating' roles, giving the highest TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Campagnolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Talha Munir
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Segato J, Aneggi E, Baratta W, Campagnolo F, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Zuccaccia D. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Ion Pairing in Gold(III) Catalysts. Organometallics 2023; 42:2973-2982. [PMID: 37886625 PMCID: PMC10599130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The ion pairing structure of the possible species present in solution during the gold(III)-catalyzed hydration of alkynes: [(ppy)Au(NHC)Y]X2 and [(ppy)Au(NHC)X]X [ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, NHC = NHCiPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene; NHC = NHCmes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene X = Cl-, BF4-, OTf-; Y = H2O and 3-hexyne] are determined. The nuclear overhauser effect nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental measurements integrated with a theoretical description of the system (full optimization of different ion pairs and calculation of the Coulomb potential surface) indicate that the preferential position of the counterion is tunable through the choice of the ancillary ligands (NHCiPr, NHCmes, ppy, and Y) in [(ppy)Au(NHC)(3-hexyne)]X2 activated complexes that undergo nucleophilic attack. The counterion can approach near NHC, pyridine ring of ppy, and gold atom. From these positions, the anion can act as a template, holding water in the right position for the outer-sphere attack, as observed in gold(I) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Campagnolo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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3
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Experimental and theoretical investigation of the cycloisomerization of N-propargylcarboxamide catalyzed by NHC-Au-X in green solvents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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Lu Z, Li T, Mudshinge SR, Xu B, Hammond GB. Optimization of Catalysts and Conditions in Gold(I) Catalysis—Counterion and Additive Effects. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8452-8477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sagar R. Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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Griebel C, Hodges DD, Yager BR, Liu FL, Zhou W, Makaravage KJ, Zhu Y, Norman SG, Lan R, Day CS, Jones AC. Bisbiphenyl Phosphines: Structure and Synthesis of Gold(I) Alkene π-Complexes with Variable Phosphine Donicity and Enhanced Stability. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Griebel
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Dwaine D. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Brock R. Yager
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Fred L. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Wentong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Katarina J. Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Skylar G. Norman
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Ruichen Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Day
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Amanda C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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Pucino M, Liao W, Chan KW, Lam E, Schowner R, Zhizhko PA, Buchmeiser MR, Copéret C. Metal‐Surface Interactions and Surface Heterogeneity in ‘Well‐Defined’ Silica‐Supported Alkene Metathesis Catalysts: Evidences and Consequences. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pucino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Wei‐Chih Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erwin Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roman Schowner
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 DE-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pavel A. Zhizhko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 DE-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Skaria M, Hsu YC, Jiang YT, Lu MY, Kuo TC, Cheng MJ, Liu RS. Gold-Catalyzed Oxidations of 1,3-Diynamides with C(1) versus C(3) Regioselectivity: Catalyst-Dependent Oxidative Cyclizations in the C(3) Oxidation. Org Lett 2020; 22:4478-4482. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Skaria
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ting Jiang
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yi Lu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Chun Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, East District, Tainan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, East District, Tainan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
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Segato J, Del Zotto A, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Zuccaccia D. Hydration of alkynes catalyzed by [Au(X)(L)(ppy)]X in the green solvent γ-valerolactone under acid-free conditions: the importance of the pre-equilibrium step. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable and robust [Au(H2O)(NHC)(ppy)](X)2 successfully catalyses the hydration of alkynes in GVL, under acid-free conditions. DFT calculation and NMR measurements suggest that pre-equilibrium is the key step of the whole process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali
- Sezione di Chimica
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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9
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Song F, Al-Ameed K, Schilling M, Fox T, Luber S, Patzke GR. Mechanistically Driven Control over Cubane Oxo Cluster Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8846-8857. [PMID: 31120246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Predictive and mechanistically driven access to polynuclear oxo clusters and related materials remains a grand challenge of inorganic chemistry. We here introduce a novel strategy for synthetic control over highly sought-after transition metal {M4O4} cubanes. They attract interest as molecular water oxidation catalysts that combine features of both heterogeneous oxide catalysts and nature's cuboidal {CaMn4O5} center of photosystem II. For the first time, we demonstrate the outstanding structure-directing effect of straightforward inorganic counteranions in solution on the self-assembly of oxo clusters. We introduce a selective counteranion toolbox for the controlled assembly of di(2-pyridyl) ketone (dpk) with M(OAc)2 (M = Co, Ni) precursors into different cubane types. Perchlorate anions provide selective access to type 2 cubanes with the characteristic {H2O-M2(OR)2-OH2} edge-site, such as [Co4(dpy-C{OH}O)4(OAc)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2. Type 1 cubanes with separated polar faces [Co4(dpy-C{OH}O)4(L2)4] n+ (L2 = OAc, Cl, or OAc and H2O) can be tuned with a wide range of other counteranions. The combination of these counteranion sets with Ni(OAc)2 as precursor selectively produces type 2 Co/Ni-mixed or {Ni4O4} cubanes. Systematic mechanistic experiments in combination with computational studies provide strong evidence for type 2 cubane formation through reaction of the key dimeric building block [M2(dpy-C{OH}O)2(H2O)4]2+ with monomers, such as [Co(dpy-C{OH}O)(OAc)(H2O)3]. Furthermore, both experiments and DFT calculations support an energetically favorable type 1 cubane formation pathway via direct head-to-head combination of two [Co2(dpy-C{OH}O)2(OAc)2(H2O)2] dimers. Finally, the visible-light-driven water oxidation activity of type 1 and 2 cubanes with tuned ligand environments was assessed. We pave the way to efficient design concepts in coordination chemistry through ionic control over cluster assembly pathways. Our comprehensive strategy demonstrates how retrosynthetic analyses can be implemented with readily available assembly directing counteranions to provide rapid access to tuned molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Karrar Al-Ameed
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland.,Faculty of Science , University of Kufa , 54001 Najaf , Iraq
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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10
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Gatto M, Del Zotto A, Segato J, Zuccaccia D. Hydration of Alkynes Catalyzed by L–Au–X under Solvent- and Acid-Free Conditions: New Insights into an Efficient, General, and Green Methodology. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Gatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Kołodziejczyk A, Domański S, Chaładaj W. Tandem Palladium-Catalyzed 6-exo-dig Oxocyclization Coupling of δ-Acetylenic β-Ketoesters with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides: Route to Substituted Dihydropyrans. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12887-12896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester Domański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Chaładaj W, Kołodziejczyk A, Domański S. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Conia-ene Cyclization of Internal ϵ
-Acetylenic β-Ketoesters under High Pressure. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sylwester Domański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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13
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Characterization of Halogen Bonded Adducts in Solution by Advanced NMR Techniques. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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D’Amore L, Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belanzoni P. Unraveling the Anion/Ligand Interplay in the Reaction Mechanism of Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D’Amore
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe
Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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15
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Pregosin PS. Applications of NMR diffusion methods with emphasis on ion pairing in inorganic chemistry: a mini-review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:405-413. [PMID: 26888228 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review provides a brief overview of the use of NMR diffusion methods in connection with estimating molecular weights in solution, recognizing hydrogen bonding and encapsulation processes and, primarily, identifying and estimating the varying degrees of ion pairing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Pregosin
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETHZ HCI, Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Pfeifer L, Engle KM, Pidgeon GW, Sparkes HA, Thompson AL, Brown JM, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen-Bonded Homoleptic Fluoride–Diarylurea Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, and Coordinating Power. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13314-13325. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George W. Pidgeon
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- ISIS Facility,
STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11
0QX Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Brown
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Gaggioli CA, Ciancaleoni G, Zuccaccia D, Bistoni G, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P. Strong Electron-Donating Ligands Accelerate the Protodeauration Step in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Reactions: A Quantitative Understanding of the Ligand Effect. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Trinchillo M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Biasiolo L, Busico V, D’Amora A, D’Amore L, Del Zotto A, Tarantelli F, Tuzi A, Zuccaccia D. Extensive Experimental and Computational Study of Counterion Effect in the Reaction Mechanism of NHC-Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trinchillo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela D’Amora
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Amore
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia
4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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19
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Biasiolo L, Belpassi L, Gaggioli CA, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Ciancaleoni G, Zuccaccia D. Cyclization of 2-Alkynyldimethylaniline on Gold(I) Cationic and Neutral Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Ciancaleoni G, Macchioni A, Rocchigiani L, Zuccaccia C. A PGSE NMR approach to the characterization of single and multi-site halogen-bonded adducts in solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusional PGSE NMR technique allows a detailed characterization of single- and multi-site halogen-bonded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Universitá degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Universitá degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Universitá degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
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21
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Dorel R, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Alkynes for the Construction of Molecular Complexity. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9028-72. [PMID: 25844920 PMCID: PMC4580024 DOI: 10.1021/cr500691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1308] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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22
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Ranieri B, Escofet I, Echavarren AM. Anatomy of gold catalysts: facts and myths. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7103-18. [PMID: 26055272 PMCID: PMC4479959 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review article covers the main types of gold(i) complexes used as precatalysts under homogeneous conditions in organic synthesis and discusses the different ways of catalyst activation as well as ligand, silver, and anion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ranieri
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Imma Escofet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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23
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24
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Biasiolo L, Del Zotto A, Zuccaccia D. Toward Optimizing the Performance of Homogeneous L-Au-X Catalysts through Appropriate Matching of the Ligand (L) and Counterion (X–). Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio
108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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25
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Biasiolo L, Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D. Relationship between the anion/cation relative orientation and the catalytic activity of nitrogen acyclic carbene–gold catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of the ligand in determining the ion pair structure of the [(NAC)Au(η2-3-hexyne)]+ BF4− catalysts and how the position of the anion (positions A, B and C) influences their catalytic performance in the intermolecular alkoxylation of alkynes have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Biasiolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Fisica e Ambiente
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - G. Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - L. Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - G. Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM)
- c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - A. Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - F. Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - D. Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Fisica e Ambiente
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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26
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Gaggioli CA, Ciancaleoni G, Biasiolo L, Bistoni G, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Tarantelli F. Anomalous ligand effect in gold(i)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5990-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ligand electronic effect modifies in entirely unexpected ways the binding mode and effectiveness of gold(i) catalysts for alkyne hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica
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27
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Ciancaleoni G, Biasiolo L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L. Selectively measuring π back-donation in gold(I) complexes by NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry 2014; 21:2467-73. [PMID: 25504684 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Even though the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model has been successfully used by chemists since the 1950s, no experimental methodology is yet known to unambiguously estimate the constituents (donation and back-donation) of a metal-ligand interaction. It is demonstrated here that one of these components, the metal-to-ligand π back-donation, can be effectively probed by NMR measurements aimed at determining the rotational barrier of a C-N bond (ΔHr (≠) ) of a nitrogen acyclic carbene ligand. A large series of gold(I) complexes have been synthesized and analyzed, and it was found that the above experimental observables show an accurate correlation with back-donation, as defined theoretically by the appropriate charge displacement originated upon bond formation. The proposed method is potentially of wide applicability for analyzing the ligand effect in metal catalysts and guiding their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia (Italy)
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28
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Biasiolo L, Trinchillo M, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Busico V, Ciancaleoni G, D'Amora A, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D. Unexpected anion effect in the alkoxylation of alkynes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) cationic gold complexes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14594-8. [PMID: 25263571 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular alkoxylation of alkynes is the oldest application of cationic gold(I) catalysts; however, no systematic experimental data about the role of the anion are available. In this contribution, the role of the anion in this catalytic reaction as promoted by a N-heterocyclic carbene-based gold catalyst, [(NHC)AuX] (X=BARF(-) , BF4 (-) , OTf(-) , OTs(-) , TFA(-) , or OAc(-) ) is analyzed, through a combined experimental (NMR spectroscopy) and theoretical (DFT calculation) approach. The most important factor seems to be the ability to abstract the proton from the methanol during the nucleophilic attack, and such ability is related to the anion basicity. On the other hand, too high coordination power or basicity of the anion worsens the catalytic performance by preventing alkyne coordination or by forming too much free methoxide in solution, which poisons the catalyst. The intermediate coordinating power and basicity of the OTs(-) anion provides the best compromise to achieve efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasiolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine (Italy)
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29
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Marchione D, Belpassi L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D. The Chemical Bond in Gold(I) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Demian Marchione
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH144AS, U.K
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, University of Udine, Via del Cotonificio
108, Udine 33100, Italy
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30
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Abstract
Gold(i) controls complex transformations proceeding through carbocationic species by stabilising the key reactive intermediates.
Many mechanistically intriguing reactions have been developed in the last decade using gold(i) as catalyst. Here we review the main mechanistic proposals in gold-catalysed activation of alkynes and allenes, in which this metal plays a central role by stabilising a variety of complex cationic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Obradors
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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31
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Ciancaleoni G, Rampino S, Zuccaccia D, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L. An ab Initio Benchmark and DFT Validation Study on Gold(I)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1021-34. [PMID: 26580180 DOI: 10.1021/ct400980w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High level ab initio calculations have been carried out on an archetypal gold(I)-catalyzed reaction: hydroamination of ethyne. We studied up to 12 structures of possible gold(I)-coordinated species modeling different intermediates potentially present in a catalytic cycle for the addition of a protic nucleophile to an alkyne. The benchmark is used to evaluate the performances of some popular density functionals for describing geometries and relative energies of stationary points along the reaction profile. Most functionals (including hybrid or meta-hybrid) give accurate structures but large nonsystematic errors (4-12 kcal/mol) along the reaction energy profile. The double hybrid functional B2PLYP outperforms all considered functionals and compares very nicely with our reference ab initio benchmark energies. Moreover, we present an assessment of the accuracy of commonly used approaches to include relativistic effects, such as relativistic effective potentials and a scalar ZORA Hamiltonian, by a comparison with the results obtained using a relativistic all-electron four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham method. The contribution of nonscalar relativistic effects in gold(I)-catalyzed reactions, as we investigated here, is expected to be on the order of 1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine , Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia , 06123, Italy
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Lau VM, Gorin CF, Kanan MW. Electrostatic control of regioselectivity via ion pairing in a Au(i)-catalyzed rearrangement. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion pairing controls regioselectivity in a Au(i)-catalyzed rearrangement by favoring the more polar product-determining transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M. Lau
- Department of Chemistry
- Stanford University
- Stanford, USA
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34
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Brooner REM, Widenhoefer RA. Kationische, zweifach koordinierte Gold-π-Komplexe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Brooner REM, Widenhoefer RA. Cationic, Two-Coordinate Gold π Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11714-24. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ciancaleoni G, Biasiolo L, Bistoni G, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L. NHC-Gold-Alkyne Complexes: Influence of the Carbene Backbone on the Ion Pair Structure. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie
Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123,
Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Biasiolo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie
Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123,
Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica
e Ambiente, Università di Udine,
Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie
Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123,
Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia,
Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia,
Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie
Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123,
Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia,
Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Fisica
e Ambiente, Università di Udine,
Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie
Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123,
Perugia, Italy
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Zuccaccia D, Belpassi L, Macchioni A, Tarantelli F. Ligand Effects on Bonding and Ion Pairing in Cationic Gold(I) Catalysts Bearing Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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