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Griffin M, Kelly R, Brindel I, Maafa L, Trikha R, Muus P, Munir T, Varghese AM, Mitchell L, Nagumantry S, Gandhi S, Pike A, Kulasekararaj AG, Peffault de Latour R. Real-world experience of pegcetacoplan in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:816-823. [PMID: 38348608 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Pegcetacoplan significantly improves outcomes for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) experiencing extravascular hemolysis (EVH) on eculizumab, leading to approval in 2021/2022 (USA/Europe). We report the first collaborative real-world evidence on pegcetacoplan use in UK and France. A total of 48 patients were either currently receiving or previously received pegcetacoplan (2019-2023). A total of 12 patients had participated in the PEGASUS clinical trial, continuing treatment after trial completion. Five patients were on combination treatment of C5 inhibition and pegcetacoplan. Mean pegcetacoplan duration was 20.2 months. Indication for pegcetacoplan was EVH on C5 inhibitors (Eculizumab, n = 29, Ravulizumab n = 16, others n = 3) with 35/48 patients requiring blood transfusion within the previous 12 months. Mean hemoglobin and reticulocyte count at pegcetacoplan commencement and after 3 months: 91 g/L and 205 × 109/L and 115.8 g/L and 107 × 109/L, respectively, resulting in mean Hb change of 22.3 g/L. Mean LDH pre- and post-pegcetacoplan was unchanged. Six patients have stopped pegcetacoplan. A total of 32 breakthrough hemolysis (BTH) events occurred in 13/48 patients. A total of 14 events were within clinical trials (reported separately). Six patients experienced 18 acute BTH events outside clinical trials, 7/18 associated with complement activating conditions. Successful clinical management included daily pegcetacoplan subcutaneously for 3 days or single eculizumab doses; these events are manageable with prompt intervention. Pegcetacoplan is effective for patients with PNH experiencing EVH. In this large patient cohort, treatment was well tolerated with improved hemoglobin and reticulocytes and maintained LDH control. Although BTH occurs, this is manageable by acute dose modification, with the majority of patients being maintained on pegcetacoplan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag Griffin
- PNH Service, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Kelly
- PNH Service, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Isabelle Brindel
- French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Maafa
- French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roochi Trikha
- Department of Hematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Petra Muus
- PNH Service, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Talha Munir
- PNH Service, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Shreyans Gandhi
- French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alex Pike
- PNH Service, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Regis Peffault de Latour
- French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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Kelly RJ, Holt M, Vidler J, Arnold LM, Large J, Forrest B, Barnfield C, Pike A, Griffin M, Munir T, Muus P, Nagumantry SK, Varghese A, Davies JR, Trikha R, Kulasekararaj AG, Mitchell L, Gandhi S. Treatment outcomes of complement protein C5 inhibition in 509 UK patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 2024; 143:1157-1166. [PMID: 38142401 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic disorder that occurs on a background of bone marrow failure (BMF). In PNH, chronic intravascular hemolysis causes an increase in morbidity and mortality, mainly because of thromboses. Over the last 20 years, treatment of PNH has focused on the complement protein C5 to prevent intravascular hemolysis using the monoclonal antibody eculizumab and more recently ravulizumab. In the United Kingdom, all patients are under review at 1 of 2 reference centers. We report on all 509 UK patients with PNH treated with eculizumab and/or ravulizumab between May 2002 and July 2022. The survival of patients with eculizumab and ravulizumab was significantly lower than that of age- and sex-matched controls (P = .001). Only 4 patients died of thromboses. The survival of patients with PNH (n = 389), when those requiring treatment for BMF (clonal evolution to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia or had progressive unresponsive aplastic anemia) were excluded, was not significantly different from that of age- and sex-matched controls (P = .12). There were 11 cases of meningococcal sepsis (0.35 events per 100 patient-years). Extravascular hemolysis was evident in patients who received treatment, with 26.7% of patients requiring transfusions in the most recent 12 months on therapy. Eculizumab and ravulizumab are safe and effective therapies that reduce mortality and morbidity in PNH, but further work is needed to reduce mortality in those with concomitant BMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Kelly
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Holt
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Vidler
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M Arnold
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Large
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Briony Forrest
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Barnfield
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Pike
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Morag Griffin
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Muus
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sateesh K Nagumantry
- Department of Haematology, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Abraham Varghese
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John R Davies
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Roochi Trikha
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austin G Kulasekararaj
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Mitchell
- Department of Haematology, Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, United Kingdom
| | - Shreyans Gandhi
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Barrett A, Appleby N, Dreau H, Fox CP, Munir T, Eyre TA. Richter's transformation: Transforming the clinical landscape. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101163. [PMID: 38097488 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Richter transformation (RT) represents an aggressive histological transformation from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, most often to a large B cell lymphoma. It is characterised by chemo-resistance and subsequent short survival. Drug development has struggled over recent years in light of the aggressive kinetics of the disease, lack of pivotal registrational trials and relative rarity of the phenomenon. In this review we will highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of managing patients with RT as well as taking a look to the future therapeutic landscape. Highly active therapies developed across B cell malignancies are starting to impact this field, with T-cell activation therapies (CAR-T, bispecific antibodies), antibody-drug conjugates, and novel small molecule inhibitor combinations (e.g. BTKi-BCL2i) being actively studied. We will highlight the data supporting these developments and look to the studies to come to provide hope for patients suffering from this devastating disease.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barrett
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Appleby
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H Dreau
- Oxford Molecular Diagnostic Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C P Fox
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - T Munir
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T A Eyre
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Munir T, Cairns DA, Bloor A, Allsup D, Cwynarski K, Pettitt A, Paneesha S, Fox CP, Eyre TA, Forconi F, Elmusharaf N, Kennedy B, Gribben J, Pemberton N, Sheehy O, Preston G, Schuh A, Walewska R, Duley L, Howard D, Hockaday A, Jackson S, Greatorex N, Girvan S, Bell S, Brown JM, Webster N, Dalal S, de Tute R, Rawstron A, Patten PEM, Hillmen P. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Therapy Guided by Measurable Residual Disease. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:326-337. [PMID: 38078508 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2310063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as compared with chemoimmunotherapy. Whether ibrutinib-venetoclax and personalization of treatment duration according to measurable residual disease (MRD) is more effective than fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab (FCR) is unclear. METHODS In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label platform trial involving patients with untreated CLL, we compared ibrutinib-venetoclax and ibrutinib monotherapy with FCR. In the ibrutinib-venetoclax group, after 2 months of ibrutinib, venetoclax was added for up to 6 years of therapy. The duration of ibrutinib-venetoclax therapy was defined by MRD assessed in peripheral blood and bone marrow and was double the time taken to achieve undetectable MRD. The primary end point was progression-free survival in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group as compared with the FCR group, results that are reported here. Key secondary end points were overall survival, response, MRD, and safety. RESULTS A total of 523 patients were randomly assigned to the ibrutinib-venetoclax group or the FCR group. At a median of 43.7 months, disease progression or death had occurred in 12 patients in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group and 75 patients in the FCR group (hazard ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07 to 0.24; P<0.001). Death occurred in 9 patients in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group and 25 patients in the FCR group (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.67). At 3 years, 58.0% of the patients in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group had stopped therapy owing to undetectable MRD. After 5 years of ibrutinib-venetoclax therapy, 65.9% of the patients had undetectable MRD in the bone marrow and 92.7% had undetectable MRD in the peripheral blood. The risk of infection was similar in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group and the FCR group. The percentage of patients with cardiac serious adverse events was higher in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group than in the FCR group (10.7% vs. 0.4%). CONCLUSIONS MRD-directed ibrutinib-venetoclax improved progression-free survival as compared with FCR, and results for overall survival also favored ibrutinib-venetoclax. (Funded by Cancer Research UK and others; FLAIR ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN01844152; EudraCT number, 2013-001944-76.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Munir
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - David A Cairns
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Bloor
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - David Allsup
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Kate Cwynarski
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pettitt
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Shankara Paneesha
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Fox
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Toby A Eyre
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Nagah Elmusharaf
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Ben Kennedy
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - John Gribben
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Pemberton
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Oonagh Sheehy
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Preston
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Anna Schuh
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Renata Walewska
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Lelia Duley
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Dena Howard
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hockaday
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Jackson
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Greatorex
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sean Girvan
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sue Bell
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Brown
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Webster
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Surita Dalal
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Ruth de Tute
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rawstron
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Piers E M Patten
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hillmen
- From the Department of Clinical Hematology (T.M., P.H.) and the Hematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (N.W., S.D., R.T., A.R.), Leeds Cancer Centre, and the Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.C., D.H., A.H., S.J., N.G., S.G., S.B., J.M.B.) and Leeds Institute of Medical Research (N.W., S.D., P.H.), University of Leeds, Leeds, the Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester (A.B.), Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull (D.A.), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.C.), the Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London (P.E.M.P.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (P.E.M.P.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (J.G.), London, the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Liverpool, Liverpool (A.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (S.P.), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham (C.P.F), Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (T.A.E., A.S.), Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and the Hematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (F.F.), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (N.E.), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester (B.K.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (N.P.), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast (O.S.), Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen (G.P.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth (R.W.), and CLL Support, Chippenham (L.D.) - all in the United Kingdom
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5
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Niemann CU, Munir T, Moreno C, Owen C, Follows GA, Benjamini O, Janssens A, Levin MD, Robak T, Simkovic M, Voloshin S, Vorobyev V, Yagci M, Ysebaert L, Qi K, Qi Q, Sinet P, Parisi L, Srinivasan S, Schuier N, Baeten K, Howes A, Caces DB, Kater AP. Fixed-duration ibrutinib-venetoclax versus chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (GLOW): 4-year follow-up from a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:1423-1433. [PMID: 37944541 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the GLOW study, fixed-duration ibrutinib-venetoclax showed superior progression-free survival versus chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who were older or had comorbidities, or both, at a median follow up of 27·7 months. In this Article, we report updated outcomes from GLOW after a 46-month median follow-up. METHODS GLOW was a randomised, multicentre, phase 3 study done at 67 hospital centres across 14 countries. Patients aged 65 years and older or 18-64 years with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and a cumulative illness rating scale score of more than 6 or creatinine clearance less than 70 mL/min, or both, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive web system with permuted blocks (block size of four) and stratified by IGHV mutational status and the presence of del11q aberration to the ibrutinib-venetoclax group (three cycles of ibrutinib lead-in [420 mg/day, orally], followed by 12 cycles of ibrutinib plus venetoclax [400 mg/day, orally, including a 5-week dose ramp-up]) or the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group (six cycles of chlorambucil [0·5 mg/kg, orally, on days 1 and 15 of each cycle], and obinutuzumab [1000 mg, intravenously, on days 1 (or 100 mg on day 1 and 900 mg on day 2), 8, and 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of cycles 2-6]). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population, assessed by an independent review committee. The safety population included all randomised patients who received at least one dose of the study treatment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03462719) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT 2017-004699-77). FINDINGS Between May 4, 2018, and April 5, 2019, 211 patients (122 [58%] were male and 89 [42%] were female) were randomly assigned to receive ibrutinib-venetoclax (n=106) or chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (n=105). At a median of 46 months (IQR 43-47) of follow-up, progression-free survival remained superior for the ibrutinib-venetoclax group (hazard ratio 0·214 [95% CI 0·138-0·334]; p<0·0001); 42-month progression-free survival rates were 74·6% (95% CI 65·0-82·0) for ibrutinib-venetoclax and 24·8% (16·5-34·1) for chlorambucil-obinutuzumab. Following the primary analysis, one patient in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group had a serious adverse event of myelodysplastic syndrome. Treatment-related deaths were reported in one patient receiving ibrutinib-venetoclax (cardiac failure, pneumonia, and sinus node dysfunction) and in one patient receiving chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (pneumonia). There were 15 deaths in the ibrutinib-venetoclax group (of which three were due to post-treatment infections) and 30 deaths in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group (of which 10 were due to post-treatment infections). INTERPRETATION After 4 years of follow-up, ibrutinib-venetoclax continues to significantly prolong progression-free survival (vs chemoimmunotherapy) in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, supporting its use as a first-line option. FUNDING Janssen Research & Development and Pharmacyclics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten U Niemann
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Simkovic
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital and Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Voloshin
- Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Munci Yagci
- Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keqin Qi
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Qianya Qi
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Pierre Sinet
- Janssen Research & Development, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Lori Parisi
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Srimathi Srinivasan
- Oncology Translational Research, Janssen Research & Development, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA, USA
| | | | - Kurt Baeten
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Angela Howes
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, UK
| | | | - Arnon P Kater
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Visentin A, Chatzikonstantinou T, Scarfò L, Kapetanakis A, Demosthenous C, Karakatsoulis G, Minga E, Chamou D, Allsup D, Cabrero AA, Andres M, Antic D, Baile M, Baliakas P, Besikli-Dimou S, Bron D, Chatzileontiadou S, Cordoba R, Correa JG, Cuéllar-García C, De Paoli L, De Paolis MR, Delgado J, Dimou M, Donaldson D, Catherwood M, Doubek M, Efstathopoulou M, Eichhorst B, Elashwah S, Enrico A, Espinet B, Farina L, Ferrari A, Foglietta M, Frederiksen H, Fürstenau M, García-Marco JA, García-Serra R, Collado R, Gentile M, Gimeno E, Glenthøj A, da Silva MG, Hakobyan YK, Herishanu Y, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Herold T, Innocenti I, Itchaki G, Jaksic O, Janssens A, Kalashnikova ОB, Kalicińska E, Kater AP, Kersting S, Labrador J, Lad D, Laurenti L, Levin MD, Lista E, Lopez-Garcia A, Malerba L, Marasca R, Marchetti M, Marquet J, Mattsson M, Mauro FR, Morawska M, Motta M, Munir T, Murru R, Niemann CU, Rodrigues RN, Olivieri J, Orsucci L, Papaioannou M, Pavlovsky MA, Piskunova I, Popov VM, Quaglia FM, Quaresmini G, Qvist K, Rigolin GM, Ruchlemer R, Šimkovič M, Špaček M, Sportoletti P, Stanca O, Tadmor T, Capasso A, Del Poeta G, Gutwein O, Karlsson LK, Milosevic I, Mirás F, Reda G, Saghumyan G, Shrestha A, Te Raa D, Tonino SH, Van Der Spek E, van Gelder M, van Kampen R, Wasik-Szczepanek E, Wróbel T, Segundo LYS, Yassin M, Pocali B, Vandenberghe E, Iyengar S, Varettoni M, Vitale C, Coscia M, Rambaldi A, Montserrat E, Cuneo A, Stavroyianni N, Trentin L, Stamatopoulos K, Ghia P. The evolving landscape of COVID-19 and post-COVID condition in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A study by ERIC, the European research initiative on CLL. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1856-1868. [PMID: 37772428 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective international multicenter study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related disorders (small lymphocytic lymphoma and high-count monoclonal B lymphocytosis) infected by SARS-CoV-2, including the development of post-COVID condition. Data from 1540 patients with CLL infected by SARS-CoV-2 from January 2020 to May 2022 were included in the analysis and assigned to four phases based on cases disposition and SARS-CoV-2 variants emergence. Post-COVID condition was defined according to the WHO criteria. Patients infected during the most recent phases of the pandemic, though carrying a higher comorbidity burden, were less often hospitalized, rarely needed intensive care unit admission, or died compared to patients infected during the initial phases. The 4-month overall survival (OS) improved through the phases, from 68% to 83%, p = .0015. Age, comorbidity, CLL-directed treatment, but not vaccination status, emerged as risk factors for mortality. Among survivors, 6.65% patients had a reinfection, usually milder than the initial one, and 16.5% developed post-COVID condition. The latter was characterized by fatigue, dyspnea, lasting cough, and impaired concentration. Infection severity was the only risk factor for developing post-COVID. The median time to resolution of the post-COVID condition was 4.7 months. OS in patients with CLL improved during the different phases of the pandemic, likely due to the improvement of prophylactic and therapeutic measures against SARS-CoV-2 as well as the emergence of milder variants. However, mortality remained relevant and a significant number of patients developed post-COVID conditions, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Lydia Scarfò
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anargyros Kapetanakis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Karakatsoulis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eva Minga
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Chamou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Allsup
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Alejandro Alonso Cabrero
- Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH: Sociedad Española de Hematología y hemoterapia), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Andres
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Antic
- University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mónica Baile
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Baliakas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sofia Chatzileontiadou
- Hematology Unit, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine, AUTH, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Raul Cordoba
- Department of Hematology, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lorenzo De Paoli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità Novara, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Dimou
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Propaedeutic, Hematology Clinical Trial Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Efstathopoulou
- Department of Haematology, Athens Medical Center-Psychikon Branch, Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Eichhorst
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Salma Elashwah
- Medical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Center Mansoura University (OCMU), Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Lucia Farina
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Moritz Fürstenau
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - José A García-Marco
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Serra
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Fundaci_on de Investigaci_on del Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Collado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Eva Gimeno
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Tobias Herold
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Idanna Innocenti
- Hematology Unit, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilad Itchaki
- Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ozren Jaksic
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ann Janssens
- Department of Hematology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Оlga B Kalashnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elżbieta Kalicińska
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Kersting
- Department of Hematology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Labrador
- Hematology Department, Unit Research, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Deepesh Lad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Unit, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Lista
- Department of Hematology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Hematology, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Malerba
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, Marche Nord Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio E., Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Marchetti
- Hematology Unit and BM Transplant Center, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Juan Marquet
- Hematology Department, Ram_on y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mattias Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca R Mauro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Morawska
- Experimental Hematooncology Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Hematology Department, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marina Motta
- S.C. Ematologia, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Talha Munir
- Consultant Haematologist, St James's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Roberta Murru
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS "G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carsten U Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacopo Olivieri
- Hematology Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorella Orsucci
- S.C. Ematologia, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Hematology Unit, 1st Dept of Internal Medicine, AUTH, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Inga Piskunova
- Consultative Hematology Department with a Day Hospital for Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viola Maria Popov
- HematologyDepartment, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Giulia Quaresmini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Kristian Qvist
- Hematologic Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Union West, Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Rosa Ruchlemer
- Department of Hematology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Affiliated with the Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martin Šimkovič
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, 4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, University Hospital and Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Špaček
- First Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine-Hematology, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oana Stanca
- Hematology Department, Coltea Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tamar Tadmor
- Division of Hematology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Hematology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Odit Gutwein
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fatima Mirás
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Reda
- Hematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amit Shrestha
- Hematology Unit, Nepal Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Doreen Te Raa
- Department of Hematology, Gelderse Vallei Ede, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne H Tonino
- Department of Hematology, Lymmcare, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Van Der Spek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Gelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Wasik-Szczepanek
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucrecia Yáñez San Segundo
- Hematology Department, University Hospital and Research Institute of Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Sunil Iyengar
- Haemato-oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, UK
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Munir T. EXABS-211-CLL How Biologic Markers Impact Outcomes With Novel Therapy. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2023; 23:S102-S104. [DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(23)00326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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8
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Seymour JF, Byrd JC, Ghia P, Kater AP, Chanan-Khan A, Furman RR, O'Brien S, Brown JR, Munir T, Mato A, Stilgenbauer S, Bajwa N, Miranda P, Higgins K, John E, de Borja M, Jurczak W, Woyach JA. Detailed safety profile of acalabrutinib vs ibrutinib in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the ELEVATE-RR trial. Blood 2023; 142:687-699. [PMID: 37390310 PMCID: PMC10644206 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ELEVATE-RR demonstrated noninferior progression-free survival and lower incidence of key adverse events (AEs) with acalabrutinib vs ibrutinib in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We further characterize AEs of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib via post hoc analysis. Overall and exposure-adjusted incidence rate was assessed for common Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated AEs and for selected events of clinical interest (ECIs). AE burden scores based on previously published methodology were calculated for AEs overall and selected ECIs. Safety analyses included 529 patients (acalabrutinib, n = 266; ibrutinib, n = 263). Among common AEs, incidences of any-grade diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, back pain, muscle spasms, and dyspepsia were higher with ibrutinib, with 1.5- to 4.1-fold higher exposure-adjusted incidence rates. Incidences of headache and cough were higher with acalabrutinib, with 1.6- and 1.2-fold higher exposure-adjusted incidence rate, respectively. Among ECIs, incidences of any-grade atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension, and bleeding were higher with ibrutinib, as were exposure-adjusted incidence rates (2.0-, 2.8-, and 1.6-fold, respectively); incidences of cardiac events overall (the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities system organ class) and infections were similar between arms. Rate of discontinuation because of AEs was lower for acalabrutinib (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.93). AE burden score was higher for ibrutinib vs acalabrutinib overall and for the ECIs atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension, and bleeding. A limitation of this analysis is its open-label study design, which may influence the reporting of more subjective AEs. Overall, event-based analyses and AE burden scores demonstrated higher AE burden overall and specifically for atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hemorrhage with ibrutinib vs acalabrutinib. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02477696.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard R Furman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | - Talha Munir
- Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Mato
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Wang ML, Jurczak W, Zinzani PL, Eyre TA, Cheah CY, Ujjani CS, Koh Y, Izutsu K, Gerson JN, Flinn I, Tessoulin B, Alencar AJ, Ma S, Lewis D, Lech-Maranda E, Rhodes J, Patel K, Maddocks K, Lamanna N, Wang Y, Tam CS, Munir T, Nagai H, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Kumar A, Fenske TS, Seymour JF, Zelenetz AD, Nair B, Tsai DE, Balbas M, Walgren RA, Abada P, Wang C, Zhao J, Mato AR, Shah NN. Pirtobrutinib in Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pretreated Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3988-3997. [PMID: 37192437 PMCID: PMC10461952 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pirtobrutinib is a highly selective, noncovalent (reversible) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi). We report the safety and efficacy of pirtobrutinib in patients with covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (cBTKi) pretreated mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), a population with poor prognosis. METHODS Patients with cBTKi pretreated relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL received pirtobrutinib monotherapy in a multicenter phase I/II trial (BRUIN; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03740529). Efficacy was assessed in the first 90 consecutively enrolled patients who met criteria for inclusion in the primary efficacy cohort. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included duration of response (DOR) and safety. RESULTS The median patient age was 70 years (range, 46-87), the median prior lines of therapy was 3 (range, 1-8), 82.2% had discontinued a prior cBTKi because of disease progression, and 77.8% had intermediate- or high-risk simplified MCL International Prognostic Index score. The ORR was 57.8% (95% CI, 46.9 to 68.1), including 20.0% complete responses (n = 18). At a median follow-up of 12 months, the median DOR was 21.6 months (95% CI, 7.5 to not reached). The 6- and 12-month estimated DOR rates were 73.6% and 57.1%, respectively. In the MCL safety cohort (n = 164), the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were fatigue (29.9%), diarrhea (21.3%), and dyspnea (16.5%). Grade ≥3 TEAEs of hemorrhage (3.7%) and atrial fibrillation/flutter (1.2%) were less common. Only 3% of patients discontinued pirtobrutinib because of a treatment-related adverse event. CONCLUSION Pirtobrutinib is a first-in-class novel noncovalent (reversible) BTKi and the first BTKi of any kind to demonstrate durable efficacy after prior cBTKi therapy in heavily pretreated R/R MCL. Pirtobrutinib was well tolerated with low rates of treatment discontinuation because of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli,” Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Toby A. Eyre
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Center, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chan Y. Cheah
- Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chaitra S. Ujjani
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Youngil Koh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Shuo Ma
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Lewis
- Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust—Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rhodes
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute Lake Success, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Krish Patel
- Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kami Maddocks
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicole Lamanna
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yucai Wang
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Constantine S. Tam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Anita Kumar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - John F. Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gaya A, Munir T, Urbano‐Ispizua A, Griffin M, Taubel J, Bush J, Bhan I, Borodovsky A, Wang Y, Badri P, Garg P. Results of a phase 1/2 study of cemdisiran in healthy subjects and patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. EJHaem 2023; 4:612-624. [PMID: 37601837 PMCID: PMC10435727 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Complement dysregulation underpins the physiopathology of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Cemdisiran, an RNA interference investigational treatment, silences complement component 5 (C5) expression in the liver. Previously reported results showed sustained reduction in C5 levels following cemdisiran monotherapy, with >90% reduction in patients with PNH. This phase 1/2 study evaluated single (Part A, n = 32; 50-900 mg) or multiple (Part B, n = 24; 100-600 mg) ascending doses of cemdisiran or placebo (double-blind, randomized 3:1) in healthy adults, or cemdisiran in patients with PNH who were naive to, or receiving, eculizumab (Part C, n = 6; 200 or 400 mg weekly; open-label). The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of cemdisiran. Other assessments included change in complement activity, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and inhibition of hemolysis following cemdisiran treatment. Cemdisiran was generally well tolerated in this study. Overall, 75%, 89%, and 100% of subjects in Parts A, B, and C, respectively, experienced ≥1 non-serious adverse event (AE). Most events were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and the most common AEs included nasopharyngitis and headache. Cemdisiran elicited robust, sustained reductions in the complement activity in healthy adults and patients with PNH. In Part C, exploratory analyses showed that cemdisiran monotherapy was insufficient to prevent hemolysis in patients with PNH as measured by serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Cemdisiran and eculizumab combination therapy reduced the dose of eculizumab required to provide adequate control of intravascular hemolysis. These results demonstrate a potential benefit of cemdisiran coadministration in patients who are inadequate responders to eculizumab alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaya
- Hospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Talha Munir
- Leeds Teaching HospitalsSt. James’ University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Alvaro Urbano‐Ispizua
- Hospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Morag Griffin
- Leeds Teaching HospitalsSt. James’ University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Jorg Taubel
- Richmond Pharmacology, LtdSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jim Bush
- Labcorp Clinical Research UnitSpringfield House, Hyde StLeedsUK
| | - Ishir Bhan
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Pushkal Garg
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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11
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Mato AR, Woyach JA, Brown JR, Ghia P, Patel K, Eyre TA, Munir T, Lech-Maranda E, Lamanna N, Tam CS, Shah NN, Coombs CC, Ujjani CS, Fakhri B, Cheah CY, Patel MR, Alencar AJ, Cohen JB, Gerson JN, Flinn IW, Ma S, Jagadeesh D, Rhodes JM, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Zinzani PL, Seymour JF, Balbas M, Nair B, Abada P, Wang C, Ruppert AS, Wang D, Tsai DE, Wierda WG, Jurczak W. Pirtobrutinib after a Covalent BTK Inhibitor in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:33-44. [PMID: 37407001 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2300696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) have poor outcomes after the failure of covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor treatment, and new therapeutic options are needed. Pirtobrutinib, a highly selective, noncovalent (reversible) BTK inhibitor, was designed to reestablish BTK inhibition. METHODS We conducted a phase 1-2 trial in which patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell cancers received pirtobrutinib. Here, we report efficacy results among patients with CLL or SLL who had previously received a BTK inhibitor as well as safety results among all the patients with CLL or SLL. The primary end point was an overall response (partial response or better) as assessed by independent review. Secondary end points included progression-free survival and safety. RESULTS A total of 317 patients with CLL or SLL received pirtobrutinib, including 247 who had previously received a BTK inhibitor. Among these 247 patients, the median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range, 1 to 11), and 100 patients (40.5%) had also received a B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor such as venetoclax. The percentage of patients with an overall response to pirtobrutinib was 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.3 to 78.7), and the percentage was 82.2% (95% CI, 76.8 to 86.7) when partial response with lymphocytosis was included. The median progression-free survival was 19.6 months (95% CI, 16.9 to 22.1). Among all 317 patients with CLL or SLL who received pirtobrutinib, the most common adverse events were infections (in 71.0%), bleeding (in 42.6%), and neutropenia (in 32.5%). At a median duration of treatment of 16.5 months (range, 0.2 to 39.9), some adverse events that are typically associated with BTK inhibitors occurred relatively infrequently, including hypertension (in 14.2% of patients), atrial fibrillation or flutter (in 3.8%), and major hemorrhage (in 2.2%). Only 9 of 317 patients (2.8%) discontinued pirtobrutinib owing to a treatment-related adverse event. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, pirtobrutinib showed efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated CLL or SLL who had received a covalent BTK inhibitor. The most common adverse events were infections, bleeding, and neutropenia. (Funded by Loxo Oncology; BRUIN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03740529.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mato
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Paolo Ghia
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Krish Patel
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Toby A Eyre
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Talha Munir
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Nicole Lamanna
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Constantine S Tam
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Nirav N Shah
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Catherine C Coombs
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Chaitra S Ujjani
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Bita Fakhri
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Chan Y Cheah
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Manish R Patel
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Alvaro J Alencar
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Jonathon B Cohen
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - James N Gerson
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Ian W Flinn
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Shuo Ma
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Joanna M Rhodes
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Ilizaliturri
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Pier L Zinzani
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - John F Seymour
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Minna Balbas
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Binoj Nair
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Paolo Abada
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Amy S Ruppert
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Denise Wang
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Donald E Tsai
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - William G Wierda
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (A.R.M.), and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center (N.L.), New York, the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell-Hofstra, Uniondale (J.M.R.), Northwell Health Cancer Institute at Lake Success, North New Hyde Park (J.M.R.), and the Lymphoma Section, Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (F.H.-I.) - all in New York; the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (J.A.W.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (D.J.) - both in Ohio; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (J.R.B.); Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan (P.G.), and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli" (P.L.Z.), and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna (P.L.Z.), Bologna - all in Italy; the Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute (K.P.), and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington (C.S.U.) - both in Seattle; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford (T.A.E.), and the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (T.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw (E.L.-M.), and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (W.J.) - both in Poland; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC (C.S.T., J.F.S.), and Linear Clinical Research and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (C.Y.C.), and the Medical School, University of Western Australia (C.Y.C.), Perth, WA - all in Australia; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (N.N.S.); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (B.F.); Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota (M.R.P.), and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (A.J.A.) - both in Florida; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (J.B.C.); the Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.N.G.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (I.W.F.); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.M.); Loxo@Lilly (M.B., B.N., P.A., D.W., D.E.T.) and Eli Lilly (C.W., A.S.R.) - both in Indianapolis; and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (W.G.W.)
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12
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Bakshi N, Munir T, Guma M, Chenitz KB. A Rare Case of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)-Negative Lupus Nephritis. Cureus 2023; 15:e41480. [PMID: 37426404 PMCID: PMC10326169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Because most patients with lupus nephritis have a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), ANA-negative lupus nephritis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for SLE, a negative ANA precludes further work-up of SLE. The following case discusses a patient with multiple negative ANA titers but was diagnosed with SLE based on the findings of the kidney biopsy showing lupus nephritis. Though ANA was negative, anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-Sjogren's syndrome-A (anti-SS-A) antibodies were high. This case highlights the nuances of SLE and further illustrates the challenges in making a diagnosis of SLE when serology alone is relied on for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaab Bakshi
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Talha Munir
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Michael Guma
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Kara B Chenitz
- Nephrology, East Orange Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, USA
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13
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Munir T, Moreno C, Owen C, Follows G, Benjamini O, Janssens A, Levin MD, Osterborg A, Robak T, Simkovic M, Stevens D, Voloshin S, Vorobyev V, Yagci M, Ysebaert L, Qi K, Qi Q, Parisi L, Srinivasan S, Schuier N, Baeten K, Howes A, Caces DB, Niemann CU, Kater AP. Impact of Minimal Residual Disease on Progression-Free Survival Outcomes After Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib-Venetoclax Versus Chlorambucil-Obinutuzumab in the GLOW Study. J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2202283. [PMID: 37279408 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In GLOW, fixed-duration ibrutinib + venetoclax showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab in older/comorbid patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The current analysis describes minimal residual disease (MRD) kinetics and any potential predictive value for PFS, as it has not yet been evaluated for ibrutinib + venetoclax treatment. METHODS Undetectable MRD (uMRD) was assessed by next-generation sequencing at <1 CLL cell per 10,000 (<10-4) and <1 CLL cell per 100,000 (<10-5) leukocytes. PFS was analyzed by MRD status at 3 months after treatment (EOT+3). RESULTS Ibrutinib + venetoclax achieved deeper uMRD (<10-5) rates in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), respectively, in 40.6% and 43.4% of patients at EOT+3 versus 7.6% and 18.1% of patients receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. Of these patients, uMRD (<10-5) in PB was sustained during the first year post-treatment (EOT+12) in 80.4% of patients receiving ibrutinib + venetoclax and 26.3% receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. Patients with detectable MRD (dMRD; ≥10-4) in PB at EOT+3 were more likely to sustain MRD levels through EOT+12 with ibrutinib + venetoclax versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. PFS rates at EOT+12 were high among patients treated with ibrutinib + venetoclax regardless of MRD status at EOT+3: 96.3% and 93.3% in patients with uMRD (<10-4) and dMRD (≥10-4) in BM, respectively, versus 83.3% and 58.7% for patients receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. PFS rates at EOT+12 also remained high in patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) receiving ibrutinib + venetoclax, independent of MRD status in BM. CONCLUSION Molecular and clinical relapses were less frequent during the first year post-treatment with ibrutinib + venetoclax versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab regardless of MRD status at EOT+3 and IGHV status. Even for patients not achieving uMRD (<10-4), PFS rates remained high with ibrutinib + venetoclax; this is a novel finding and requires additional follow-up to confirm its persistence over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Josep Carreras Research Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin Simkovic
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sergey Voloshin
- Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Munci Yagci
- Gazi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Keqin Qi
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ
| | - Qianya Qi
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ
| | | | - Srimathi Srinivasan
- Oncology Translational Research, Janssen Research & Development, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA
| | | | - Kurt Baeten
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Angela Howes
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Arnon P Kater
- Amsterdam Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jurczak W, Elmusharaf N, Fox CP, Townsend W, Paulovich AG, Whiteaker JR, Krantz F, Wun CC, Parr G, Sharma S, Munugalavadla V, Manwani R, Dean E, Munir T. Phase I/II results of ceralasertib as monotherapy or in combination with acalabrutinib in high-risk relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207231173489. [PMID: 37273420 PMCID: PMC10233611 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231173489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have limited treatment options. Ceralasertib, a selective ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-3-related protein (ATR) inhibitor, demonstrated synergistic preclinical activity with a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in TP53- and ATM-defective CLL cells. Acalabrutinib is a selective BTK inhibitor approved for treatment of CLL. Objectives To evaluate ceralasertib ± acalabrutinib in R/R CLL. Design Nonrandomized, open-label phase I/II study. Methods In arm A, patients received ceralasertib monotherapy 160 mg twice daily (BID) continuously (cohort 1) or 2 weeks on/2 weeks off (cohort 2). In arm B, patients received acalabrutinib 100 mg BID continuously (cycle 1), followed by combination treatment with ceralasertib 160 mg BID 1 week on/3 weeks off from cycle 2. Co-primary objectives were safety and pharmacokinetics. Efficacy was a secondary objective. Results Eleven patients were treated [arm A, n = 8 (cohort 1, n = 5; cohort 2, n = 3); arm B, n = 3 (acalabrutinib plus ceralasertib, n = 2; acalabrutinib only, n = 1)]. Median duration of exposure was 3.5 and 7.2 months for ceralasertib in arms A and B, respectively, and 15.9 months for acalabrutinib in arm B. Most common grade ⩾3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in arm A were anemia (75%) and thrombocytopenia (63%), with four dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of grade 4 thrombocytopenia. No grade ⩾3 TEAEs or DLTs occurred in arm B. Ceralasertib plasma concentrations were similar when administered as monotherapy or in combination. At median follow-up of 15.1 months in arm A, no responses were observed, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.8 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 16.9 months. At median follow-up of 17.2 months in arm B, overall response rate was 100%, and median PFS and OS were not reached. Conclusion Ceralasertib alone showed limited clinical benefit. Acalabrutinib plus ceralasertib was tolerable with preliminary activity in patients with R/R CLL, though findings are inconclusive due to small sample size. Registration NCT03328273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of
Oncology, Garncarska 11, 31-115 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - William Townsend
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University
College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Dean
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge,
UK
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Hillmen P, Pitchford A, Bloor A, Broom A, Young M, Kennedy B, Walewska R, Furtado M, Preston G, Neilson JR, Pemberton N, Sidra G, Morley N, Cwynarski K, Schuh A, Forconi F, Elmusharaf N, Paneesha S, Fox CP, Howard DR, Hockaday A, Brown JM, Cairns DA, Jackson S, Greatorex N, Webster N, Shingles J, Dalal S, Patten PEM, Allsup D, Rawstron A, Munir T. Ibrutinib and rituximab versus fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (FLAIR): interim analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:535-552. [PMID: 37142374 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The approval of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was based on trials which compared ibrutinib with alkylating agents in patients considered unfit for fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, the most effective chemoimmunotherapy in CLL. We aimed to assess whether ibrutinib and rituximab is superior to fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab in terms of progression-free survival. METHODS This study is an interim analysis of FLAIR, which is an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial in patients with previously untreated CLL done at 101 UK National Health Service hospitals. Eligible patients were between 18 and 75 years of age with a WHO performance status of 2 or less and disease status requiring treatment according to International Workshop on CLL criteria. Patients with greater than 20% of their CLL cells having the chromosome 17p deletion were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by means of minimisation (Binet stage, age, sex, and centre) with a random element in a web-based system to ibrutinib and rituximab (ibrutinib administered orally at 420 mg/day for up to 6 years; rituximab administered intravenously at 375 mg/m2 on day 1 of cycle 1 and at 500 mg/m2 on day 1 of cycles 2-6 of a 28-day cycle) or fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (fludarabine 24 mg/m2 per day orally on day 1-5, cyclophosphamide 150 mg/m2 per day orally on days 1-5; rituximab as above for up to 6 cycles). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, analysed by intention to treat. Safety analysis was per protocol. This study is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN01844152, and EudraCT, 2013-001944-76, and recruiting is complete. FINDINGS Between Sept 19, 2014, and July 19, 2018, of 1924 patients assessed for eligibility, 771 were randomly assigned with median age 62 years (IQR 56-67), 565 (73%) were male, 206 (27%) were female and 507 (66%) had a WHO performance status of 0. 385 patients were assigned to fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab and 386 patients to ibrutinib and rituximab. After a median follow-up of 53 months (IQR 41-61) and at prespecified interim analysis, median progression-free survival was not reached (NR) with ibrutinib and rituximab and was 67 months (95% CI 63-NR) with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (hazard ratio 0·44 [95% CI 0·32-0·60]; p<0·0001). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was leukopenia (203 [54%] patients in the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab group and 55 [14%] patients in the ibrutinib and rituximab group. Serious adverse events were reported in 205 (53%) of 384 patients receiving ibrutinib and rituximab compared with 203 (54%) of 378 patients receiving fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. Two deaths in the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab group and three deaths in the ibrutinib and rituximab group were deemed to be probably related to treatment. There were eight sudden unexplained or cardiac deaths in the ibrutinib and rituximab group and two in the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab group. INTERPRETATION Front line treatment with ibrutinib and rituximab significantly improved progression-free survival compared with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab but did not improve overall survival. A small number of sudden unexplained or cardiac deaths in the ibrutinib and rituximab group were observed largely among patients with existing hypertension or history of cardiac disorder. FUNDING Cancer Research UK and Janssen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hillmen
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitchford
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adrian Bloor
- The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Moya Young
- Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gamal Sidra
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Lincoln, UK
| | | | - Kate Cwynarski
- University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Schuh
- Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christopher P Fox
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dena R Howard
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Hockaday
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia M Brown
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David A Cairns
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharon Jackson
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Natasha Greatorex
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nichola Webster
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jane Shingles
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Surita Dalal
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Piers E M Patten
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Rawstron
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Talha Munir
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
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Munir T, Genovez V, Genestier V, Ryan K, Liljas B, Gaitonde P. Cost-effectiveness of acalabrutinib regimens in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the United States. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023; 23:579-589. [PMID: 36987886 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2196408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have improved with targeted therapy, including Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as acalabrutinib. METHODS A semi-Markov model with 3 health states (progression-free, progressed disease, and death) estimated cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for acalabrutinib ± obinutuzumab vs chlorambucil + obinutuzumab in treatment-naïve CLL (based on ELEVATE-TN). The model used direct costs and resource utilization from the US Medicare perspective and utility values sourced from literature. Sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the model. RESULTS Over a 30-year lifetime horizon, the model base case analysis suggested that acalabrutinib monotherapy had an incremental cost of $206,329 and 2.52 QALYs gained versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $81,960/QALY. Acalabrutinib + obinutuzumab had an incremental cost of $423,747 and 2.79 QALYs gained (ICER: $152,153/QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed the probability of acalabrutinib monotherapy being cost effective as 59% to 73% at a $100,000-to-150,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold; the probability of acalabrutinib + obinutuzumab being cost effective ranged from 34% to 51%. CONCLUSIONS Although the analysis is limited by uncertainty in postprogression survival outcomes, acalabrutinib monotherapy is likely cost effective vs chlorambucil + obinutuzumab in treatment-naïve CLL in the US Medicare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Munir
- Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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17
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Fisher A, Goradia H, Martinez-Calle N, Patten PEM, Munir T. The evolving use of measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia clinical trials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130617. [PMID: 36910619 PMCID: PMC9992794 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurable residual disease (MRD) status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), assessed on and after treatment, correlates with increased progression-free and overall survival benefit. More recently, MRD assessment has been included in large clinical trials as a primary outcome and is increasingly used in routine practice as a prognostic tool, a therapeutic goal, and potentially a trigger for early intervention. Modern therapy for CLL delivers prolonged remissions, causing readout of traditional trial outcomes such as progression-free and overall survival to be inherently delayed. This represents a barrier for the rapid incorporation of novel drugs to the overall therapeutic armamentarium. MRD offers a dynamic and robust platform for the assessment of treatment efficacy in CLL, complementing traditional outcome measures and accelerating access to novel drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent major clinical trials of CLL therapy, focusing on small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibody combinations that have recently emerged as the standard frontline and relapse treatment options. We explore the assessment and reporting of MRD (including novel techniques) and the challenges of standardization and provide a comprehensive review of the relevance and adequacy of MRD as a clinical trial endpoint. We further discuss the impact that MRD data have on clinical decision-making and how it can influence a patient's experience. Finally, we evaluate how upcoming trial design and clinical practice are evolving in the face of MRD-driven outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fisher
- Division of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - H. Goradia
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - N. Martinez-Calle
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - PEM. Patten
- Department of Haematology, Kings College Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T. Munir
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Kendall W, Chengot P, Munir T, Moor JW. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the retropharynx: first reported case. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:91-93. [PMID: 35904328 PMCID: PMC9773268 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition characterised by histiocyte proliferation leading to destructive granulomatous lesions. It may occur anywhere in the body but extraosseous manifestations affecting the head and neck are particularly uncommon. Here, we present the first reported case of a mass arising in the retropharyngeal space caused by LCH. The patient was a 33-year-old man with various symptoms which are presented. Although rare, LCH can affect a variety of tissues in the head and neck. Clinicians need to be cognisant of its inclusion in the differential diagnoses for similar cases in their practice, in particular because of potential difficulties in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kendall
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - P Chengot
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Munir
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - JW Moor
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Munir T, Emmerson J, Hockaday A, Oughton JB, Howard D, Phillips D, Neilson J, Pemberton N, Paneesha S, Kennedy B, Rawstron A, Hillmen P. Obinutuzumab as consolidation after chemo-immunotherapy: Results of the UK National Cancer Research Institute phase II/III GALACTIC trial. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:707-719. [PMID: 36017875 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The GA101 (obinutuzumab) monocLonal Antibody as Consolidation Therapy In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (GALACTIC) was a seamless phase II/III trial designed to test whether consolidation with obinutuzumab is safe and eradicates minimal residual disease (MRD) and, subsequently, whether this leads to prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with CLL who have recently responded to chemo-immunotherapy. Patients with a response 3-24 months after chemotherapy were assessed for MRD. MRD-positive patients were randomised to receive consolidation therapy with obinutuzumab or no consolidation. The trial closed after the phase II part due to slow recruitment. In all, 48 patients enrolled of whom 19 were MRD negative and were monitored. Of the 29 MRD-positive patients, 14 were randomised to receive consolidation and 15 to no consolidation. At 6 months after randomisation, 10 and 13 consolidated patients achieved MRD negativity by flow cytometry (sensitivity 10-4 ) in bone marrow and peripheral blood respectively. PFS was significantly better in consolidated patients compared to non-consolidated patients (p = 0.001). No difference was observed in PFS, overall survival or duration of MRD negativity when comparing the 10 MRD-negative patients after consolidation with the 19 MRD-negative patients in the monitoring group. Common adverse events in the consolidation arm were thrombocytopenia, infection, and cough. Only 1% of events were infusion-related reactions. This observation provides further evidence that consolidation to achieve MRD negativity improves outcomes in CLL and that obinutuzumab is well tolerated in patients with low levels of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Munir
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Jake Emmerson
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Hockaday
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jamie B Oughton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dena Howard
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Phillips
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andy Rawstron
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Hillmen
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Bakshi N, Katamreddy R, Gonzalez SH, Munir T, Bains Y. S3522 A Rare Case of Clostridium difficile Enteritis in a Patient With Ileorectal Anastomosis and Loop Ileostomy. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:e2211-e2212. [DOI: 10.14309/01.ajg.0000870728.33723.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Usman M, Hussain Y, Ahmad S, Baig MW, Munir T. Predictors of Ischemic Stroke Among the Patients with end-Stage Renal Disease: A Single Centric Study of Local Population. PJMHS 2022; 16:364-367. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22168364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The incidence of stroke is greater in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as compared to the general population. It is thought that there may be a few extra risk factors in ESRD patients suffering from stroke as compared to ESRD patients without stroke. This study aims to better understand the risk factors for stroke that are unique to patients with ESRD. Methods: In order to find out the different causative factors influencing the production of ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with ESRD, we carried out this retrospective study at the DHQ hospital in Faisalabad. In this study total of sixty patients were recruited and further divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 30 patients with ESRD with a history of ischemic stroke, while 30 patients with stroke-free dialysis were selected as the age and gender control group. Patients with and without ischemic stroke were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, stroke risk factors, and lab results. Results: Patients with acute ischemic stroke had an average age of 56.70 ± 8.87 years with 52% male whereas the non-ischemic stroke group had an average age of 58.9 ± 9.20 years. Small vascular obstruction was found to be the most common subtype of IS (42%), followed by atherosclerosis of large vessels (28%). Compared with patients who did not have a stroke, patients who had a stroke had significantly higher rates of hypertension (HTN), higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at admission. The group with a stroke had significantly lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and higher systolic blood pressure were found to be the independent risk factor for an ischemic stroke in a multivariate analysis (OR=1.025, 95% CI p=0.045 and OR=1.458, 95% CI, P=0.03 respectively). Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, ESRD patients with hypertension and diabetes have a higher chance of ischemic stroke and the lower LDL levels and higher systolic blood pressure were the independent predictors of ischemic stroke. Keywords: Hemodialysis, Ischemic stroke, risk factors, Hypertension, end stage renal disease,
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22
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Antic D, Milic N, Chatzikonstantinou T, Scarfò L, Otasevic V, Rajovic N, Allsup D, Alonso Cabrero A, Andres M, Baile Gonzales M, Capasso A, Collado R, Cordoba R, Cuéllar-García C, Correa JG, De Paoli L, De Paolis MR, Del Poeta G, Dimou M, Doubek M, Efstathopoulou M, El-Ashwah S, Enrico A, Espinet B, Farina L, Ferrari A, Foglietta M, Lopez-Garcia A, García-Marco JA, García-Serra R, Gentile M, Gimeno E, da Silva MG, Gutwein O, Hakobyan YK, Herishanu Y, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Herold T, Itchaki G, Jaksic O, Janssens A, Kalashnikova OB, Kalicińska E, Kater AP, Kersting S, Koren-Michowitz M, Labrador J, Lad D, Laurenti L, Fresa A, Levin MD, Mayor Bastida C, Malerba L, Marasca R, Marchetti M, Marquet J, Mihaljevic B, Milosevic I, Mirás F, Morawska M, Motta M, Munir T, Murru R, Nunes R, Olivieri J, Pavlovsky MA, Piskunova I, Popov VM, Quaglia FM, Quaresmini G, Reda G, Rigolin GM, Shrestha A, Šimkovič M, Smirnova S, Špaček M, Sportoletti P, Stanca O, Stavroyianni N, Te Raa D, Tomic K, Tonino S, Trentin L, Van Der Spek E, van Gelder M, Varettoni M, Visentin A, Vitale C, Vukovic V, Wasik-Szczepanek E, Wróbel T, Segundo LYS, Yassin M, Coscia M, Rambaldi A, Montserrat E, Foà R, Cuneo A, Carrier M, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K. Thrombotic and bleeding complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and severe COVID-19: a study of ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 36028857 PMCID: PMC9415249 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be more susceptible to COVID-19 related poor outcomes, including thrombosis and death, due to the advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, and the disease and treatment-related immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of thrombosis and bleeding in patients with CLL affected by severe COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective multicenter study conducted by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, including patients from 79 centers across 22 countries. Data collection was conducted between April and May 2021. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2 on nasal or pharyngeal swabs. Severe cases of COVID-19 were defined by hospitalization and the need of oxygen or admission into ICU. Development and type of thrombotic events, presence and severity of bleeding complications were reported during treatment for COVID-19. Bleeding events were classified using ISTH definition. STROBE recommendations were used in order to enhance reporting. Results A total of 793 patients from 79 centers were included in the study with 593 being hospitalized (74.8%). Among these, 511 were defined as having severe COVID: 162 were admitted to the ICU while 349 received oxygen supplementation outside the ICU. Most patients (90.5%) were receiving thromboprophylaxis. During COVID-19 treatment, 11.1% developed a thromboembolic event, while 5.0% experienced bleeding. Thrombosis developed in 21.6% of patients who were not receiving thromboprophylaxis, in contrast to 10.6% of patients who were on thromboprophylaxis. Bleeding episodes were more frequent in patients receiving intermediate/therapeutic versus prophylactic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH) (8.1% vs. 3.8%, respectively) and in elderly. In multivariate analysis, peak D-dimer level and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio were poor prognostic factors for thrombosis occurrence (OR = 1.022, 95%CI 1.007‒1.038 and OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.001‒1.051, respectively), while thromboprophylaxis use was protective (OR = 0.199, 95%CI 0.061‒0.645). Age and LMWH intermediate/therapeutic dose administration were prognostic factors in multivariate model for bleeding (OR = 1.062, 95%CI 1.017–1.109 and OR = 2.438, 95%CI 1.023–5.813, respectively). Conclusions Patients with CLL affected by severe COVID-19 are at a high risk of thrombosis if thromboprophylaxis is not used, but also at increased risk of bleeding under the LMWH intermediate/therapeutic dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Antic
- Lymphoma Center, Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Natasa Milic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Chatzikonstantinou
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Otasevic
- Lymphoma Center, Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Rajovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Allsup
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | | | - Martin Andres
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rosa Collado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación del Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Cordoba
- Department of Hematology, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lorenzo De Paoli
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, ASL Vercelli, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Del Poeta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Hematology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dimou
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Propaedeutic, Hematology Clinical Trial Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Maria Efstathopoulou
- Department of Haematology Athens Medical Center-Psychikon Branch, Athens, Greece
| | - Shaimaa El-Ashwah
- Clinical Hematology Unit, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Blanca Espinet
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Farina
- Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Hematology, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A García-Marco
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Serra
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación del Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eva Gimeno
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gomes da Silva
- Hematology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Odit Gutwein
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Tobias Herold
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gilad Itchaki
- Division of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ozren Jaksic
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ann Janssens
- Department of Hematology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga B Kalashnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Academician I.P. Pavlov, First St. Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elżbieta Kalicińska
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura Street 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Kersting
- Department of Hematology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Koren-Michowitz
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jorge Labrador
- Hematology Department, Unit Research, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Deepesh Lad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Fresa
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlota Mayor Bastida
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Society of Haematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH: Sociedad Española de Hematología y Hemoterapia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Malerba
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center Marche Nord Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio E., Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Marchetti
- Hematology Unit & TMO Center, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Juan Marquet
- Hematology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Biljana Mihaljevic
- Lymphoma Center, Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Milosevic
- Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fatima Mirás
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morawska
- Experimental Hematooncology Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Hematology Department, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marina Motta
- S.C. Ematologia ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Talha Munir
- Consultant Haematologist, St James's Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Roberta Murru
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS "G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raquel Nunes
- Hematology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Inga Piskunova
- Consultative Hematology Department with a Day Hospital for Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viola Maria Popov
- Hematology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Reda
- Hematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amit Shrestha
- Hematology Unit, Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Martin Šimkovič
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Haematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, University Hospital and Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Smirnova
- Consultative Hematology Department with a Day Hospital for Intensive High-Dose Chemotherapy, National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Špaček
- 1st Department of Medicine - Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncological Research, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oana Stanca
- Hematology Department from Coltea Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Niki Stavroyianni
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Doreen Te Raa
- Department of Hematology, Gelderse Vallei Ede, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Tomic
- Lymphoma Center, Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanne Tonino
- Department of Hematology, Lymmcare, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ellen Van Der Spek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Gelder
- Department Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marzia Varettoni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Cittàdella Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vojin Vukovic
- Lymphoma Center, Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ewa Wasik-Szczepanek
- Department Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department and Clinic of Hematology, Blood Neoplasms and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura Street 4, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mohamed Yassin
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Cittàdella Salute e della Scienza di Torino and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kater AP, Owen C, Moreno C, Follows G, Munir T, Levin MD, Benjamini O, Janssens A, Osterborg A, Robak T, Simkovic M, Stevens D, Voloshin S, Vorobyev V, Ysebaert L, Qin R, Steele AJ, Schuier N, Baeten K, Caces DB, Niemann CU. Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib-Venetoclax in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Comorbidities. NEJM Evid 2022; 1:EVIDoa2200006. [PMID: 38319255 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib-Venetoclax for CLLAmong 211 patients with CLL who received ibrutinib-venetoclax or chlorambucil-obinutuzumab, there were 22 and 67 progression-free survival (PFS) events at a median follow-up of 27.7 months, respectively. PFS was significantly longer (P<0.001), and improvement with ibrutinib-venetoclax was consistent across subgroups. Adverse events (grade ≥3) were similar in both arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon P Kater
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, on behalf of the HOVON CLL Working Group, Amsterdam
| | - Carolyn Owen
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann Janssens
- Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Martin Simkovic
- University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sergey Voloshin
- Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Loic Ysebaert
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Rui Qin
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, NJ
| | | | | | - Kurt Baeten
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
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Sharman JP, Egyed M, Jurczak W, Skarbnik AP, Kamdar MK, Munir T, Fogliatto L, Herishanu Y, Banerji V, Follows G, Walker P, Karlsson K, Ghia P, Janssens A, Ferrant E, Munugalavadla V, Yu T, Wang MH, Woyach JA. Acalabrutinib ± obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab + chlorambucil in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Five-year follow-up of ELEVATE-TN. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7539 Background: For ELEVATE-TN (NCT02475681), we previously reported superior efficacy of acalabrutinib (A) ± obinutuzumab (O) vs O + chlorambucil (Clb) in patients (pts) with treatment-naive (TN) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) at 28.3 and 46.9 months (mo) median follow-up. Now, we report results from a 5-y update. Methods: Pts were randomized to A+O, A, or O+Clb. Pts who progressed on O+Clb could cross over to A monotherapy. Investigator-assessed (INV) progression-free survival (PFS), INV overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety were evaluated. Results: A total of 535 pts (A+O, n=179; A, n=179; O+Clb, n=177) had a median age of 70 y. At a median follow-up of 58.2 mo (range, 0.0–72.0; data cutoff Oct 1, 2021), median PFS was not reached (NR) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.11) for A+O and A (HR: 0.21) vs 27.8 mo for O+Clb (both P<0.0001). Estimated 60-mo PFS rates were 84% (A+O), 72% (A), and 21% (O+Clb). Median OS was NR in any treatment arm, and significantly longer in the A+O vs O+Clb arms (HR: 0.55; P=0.0474); estimated 60-mo OS rates were 90% (A+O), 84% (A), and 82% (O+Clb). ORR was significantly higher with A+O (96%; 95% CI 92–98) and A (90%; 85–94) vs O+Clb (83%; 77–88; P<0.0001 [A+O], P=0.0499 [A]). Complete response (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rates were higher with A+O (29%/3%) vs O+Clb (13%/1%); 13%/1% had CR/CRi with A; CR increased since the interim analysis (previously 21% [A+O] and 7% [A]). Adverse events (AEs) and treatment exposure are shown in the Table. Treatment is ongoing in 65% (A+O) and 60% (A) of pts; the most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were AEs (17% [A+O], 16% [A], 14% [O+Clb]) and progressive disease (6%, 10%, 2%, respectively). Crossover from O+Clb to A occurred in 72 (41%) patients; 25% of these pts discontinued A (10% due to AEs and 11% due to progressive disease). Conclusions: After a 5-y follow-up, efficacy and safety of A+O and A monotherapy were maintained, with significantly longer OS in the A+O arm compared with O+Clb. Clinical trial information: NCT02475681. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Porter Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and US Oncology Research Center, Eugene, OR
| | - Miklos Egyed
- Somogy County Mór Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Talha Munir
- Haematology, Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Versha Banerji
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - George Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Walker
- Peninsula Health and Peninsula Private Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Emmanuelle Ferrant
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Ting Yu
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA
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Rawstron A, Webster N, Pitchford A, Dalal S, Bloor A, de Tute R, Hockaday A, Jackson S, Cairns D, Greatorex N, Allsup D, Munir T, Hillmen P. P673: DEPLETION AND RECOVERY OF NORMAL B-CELLS DURING AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH CHEMOIMMUNOTHERAPY, IBRUTINIB OR VENETOCLAX. Hemasphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000845576.08536.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Allsup DJ, Craig Z, Cairns D, Howard D, Hockaday A, Bloor A, Soe Z, Pepper C, Gattei V, Zucchetto A, Robbe P, Clifford R, Schuh A, Munir T, Rawstron A, Hillmen P. Long-term follow-up of 415 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide-based chemoimmunotherapy in the frontline ADMIRE and ARCTIC trials: A comprehensive assessment of prognostic factors. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:E168-E171. [PMID: 35108412 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David John Allsup
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease Hull York Medical School Hull UK
| | - Zoe Craig
- Clinical Trials Research Unit University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - David Cairns
- Clinical Trials Research Unit University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Dena Howard
- Clinical Trials Research Unit University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Anna Hockaday
- Clinical Trials Research Unit University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | - Zarni Soe
- St James Institute of Oncology Leeds UK
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco‐Hematology Unit Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS Aviano (PN) Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco‐Hematology Unit Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS Aviano (PN) Italy
| | - Pauline Robbe
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan
| | - Ruth Clifford
- Department of Haematology University Hospital Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Anna Schuh
- Department of Oncology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Andrew Rawstron
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service St James Hospital Leeds UK
| | - Peter Hillmen
- St James Institute of Oncology Leeds UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University of Leeds Leeds UK
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Bijanzad A, Munir T, Abdulhamid F. Heat-assisted machining of superalloys: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2022; 118:3531-3557. [DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021-08059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Bhatti I, Baig W, Azhar S, Rafique MA, Munir T, Balouch V. Compare the Mean Magnesium Level among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Presenting with Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Care Hospital. PJMHS 2022; 16:1151-1154. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs221611151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the mean magnesium level among diabetic and non-diabetic patients presenting with myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Conducted at Emergency department, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore during the period from 5th June 2018 to 4th December 2018. Methodology: The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and study protocol was explained. Under aseptic conditions, venous blood samples were obtained from cases at the time of presentation in emergency department. Samples were sent to laboratory of hospital to assess magnesium level. Serum magnesium level was measured by using standard chemical analyzer. Reports were read to note serum magnesium level (as per operational definition). Data was collected by the researcher himself. Both groups were compared using independent sample t test to compare mean serum magnesium level in both groups. A p value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was noted as 45.56±8.78 years, 70% patients were males whereas 30% patients were females. In this study the DM was observed in 60% patients whereas it was not observed in 40% patients.The mean value of serum magnesium level of the patients was 1.60±0.53 mg/dl. Mean serum magnesium value in diabetic group was 1.36±0.56 mg/dl whereas the mean serum magnesium value in non-diabetic group was 1.96±0.21 mg/dl. Statistically there is highly significant difference was found between the values of serum magnesium values and study groups i.e. p-value=0.000. Conclusion: Thus according to the findings of this study we have come to know that the incidence of DM is high in MI patients. Moreover, low magnesium levels have been observed in diabetic patients. Keywords: Serum Magnesium level, Myocardial Infarction, MI, Diabetes Mellitus, DM, HBA1C
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Burger JA, Robak T, Demirkan F, Bairey O, Moreno C, Simpson D, Munir T, Stevens DA, Dai S, Cheung LWK, Kwei K, Lal I, Hsu E, Kipps TJ, Tedeschi A. Up to 6.5 years (median 4 years) of follow-up of first-line ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and high-risk genomic features: integrated analysis of two phase 3 studies. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1375-1386. [PMID: 35014928 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomic abnormalities, including del(17p)/TP53 mutation, del(11q), unmutated IGHV, and mutations in BIRC3, NOTCH1, SF3B1, and XPO1 predict poor outcomes with chemoimmunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. To better understand the impact of these high-risk genomic features on outcomes with first-line ibrutinib-based therapy, we performed pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies with 498 patients randomized to receive ibrutinib- or chlorambucil-based therapy with median follow-up of 49.1 months. Ibrutinib-based therapy improved overall response rates (ORRs), complete response rates, and progression-free survival (PFS) versus chlorambucil-based therapy across all subgroups. In ibrutinib-randomized patients with versus without specified genomic features, ORR and PFS were comparable across subgroups. PFS hazard ratio (95% CI) for del(17p)/TP53 mutated/BIRC3 mutated: 1.05 (0.54-2.04); del(17p)/TP53 mutation, del(11q), and/or unmutated IGHV: 1.11 (0.69-1.77); unmutated IGHV: 1.79 (0.99-3.24); and NOTCH1 mutated 1.05 (0.65-1.69). This integrated analysis demonstrated efficacy of first-line ibrutinib-based treatment irrespective of cytogenetic and mutational risk features.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01722487 and NCT02264574).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology, St. James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sandra Dai
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leo W K Cheung
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Kwei
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Indu Lal
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Hsu
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Peffault de Latour R, Kulasekararaj A, Iacobelli S, Terwel SR, Cook R, Griffin M, Halkes CJM, Recher C, Barraco F, Forcade E, Vallejo JC, Drexler B, Mear JB, Smith AE, Angelucci E, Raymakers RAP, de Groot MR, Daguindau E, Nur E, Barcellini W, Russell NH, Terriou L, Iori AP, La Rocca U, Sureda A, Sánchez-Ortega I, Xicoy B, Jarque I, Cavenagh J, Sicre de Fontbrune F, Marotta S, Munir T, Tjon JML, Tavitian S, Praire A, Clement L, Rabian F, Marano L, Hill A, Palmisani E, Muus P, Cacace F, Frieri C, van Lint MT, Passweg JR, Marsh JCW, Socié G, Mufti GJ, Dufour C, Risitano AM. Eltrombopag Added to Immunosuppression in Severe Aplastic Anemia. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:11-23. [PMID: 34986284 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2109965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single-group, phase 1-2 study indicated that eltrombopag improved the efficacy of standard immunosuppressive therapy that entailed horse antithymocyte globulin (ATG) plus cyclosporine in patients with severe aplastic anemia. METHODS In this prospective, investigator-led, open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of horse ATG plus cyclosporine with or without eltrombopag as front-line therapy in previously untreated patients with severe aplastic anemia. The primary end point was a hematologic complete response at 3 months. RESULTS Patients were assigned to receive immunosuppressive therapy (Group A, 101 patients) or immunosuppressive therapy plus eltrombopag (Group B, 96 patients). The percentage of patients who had a complete response at 3 months was 10% in Group A and 22% in Group B (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 7.8; P = 0.01). At 6 months, the overall response rate (the percentage of patients who had a complete or partial response) was 41% in Group A and 68% in Group B. The median times to the first response were 8.8 months (Group A) and 3.0 months (Group B). The incidence of severe adverse events was similar in the two groups. With a median follow-up of 24 months, a karyotypic abnormality that was classified as myelodysplastic syndrome developed in 1 patient (Group A) and 2 patients (Group B); event-free survival was 34% and 46%, respectively. Somatic mutations were detected in 29% (Group A) and 31% (Group Β) of the patients at baseline; these percentages increased to 66% and 55%, respectively, at 6 months, without affecting the hematologic response and 2-year outcome. CONCLUSIONS The addition of eltrombopag to standard immunosuppressive therapy improved the rate, rapidity, and strength of hematologic response among previously untreated patients with severe aplastic anemia, without additional toxic effects. (Funded by Novartis and others; RACE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02099747; EudraCT number, 2014-000363-40.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Peffault de Latour
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Austin Kulasekararaj
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Simona Iacobelli
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Sofie R Terwel
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Riley Cook
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Morag Griffin
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Constantijn J M Halkes
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Christian Recher
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Fiorenza Barraco
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Edouard Forcade
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Vallejo
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Beatrice Drexler
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Mear
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Alexander E Smith
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Emanuele Angelucci
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Reinier A P Raymakers
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Marco R de Groot
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Etienne Daguindau
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Erfan Nur
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Nigel H Russell
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Louis Terriou
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Anna-Paola Iori
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Ursula La Rocca
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Anna Sureda
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Ortega
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Blanca Xicoy
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Isidro Jarque
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - James Cavenagh
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Flore Sicre de Fontbrune
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Serena Marotta
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Talha Munir
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Jennifer M L Tjon
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Aline Praire
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Laurence Clement
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Florence Rabian
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Luana Marano
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Anita Hill
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Elena Palmisani
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Petra Muus
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Fabiana Cacace
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Camilla Frieri
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Maria-Teresa van Lint
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Judith C W Marsh
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Gérard Socié
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Ghulam J Mufti
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Carlo Dufour
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
| | - Antonio M Risitano
- From the French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital and Université de Paris (R.P.L., F.S.F., C.F., G.S.), and the Adolescent and Young Adult Hematology Unit, Saint-Louis Hospital (F.R.), Paris, the Hematology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse (C.R., S.T.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Lyon (F.B., A.P.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac (E.F., L.C.), the Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes (J.-B.M.), Service d'Hématologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (E.D.), and Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Clinical Study Unit, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.K., S.I., S.R.T., I.S.-O., C.F., C.D., A.M.R.), and the Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center (C.J.M.H., J.M.L.T.), Leiden, the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (R.A.P.R.), the Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (M.R.G.), and the Department of Clinical Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.N.) - all in the Netherlands; the Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.K., R.C., A.E.S., P.M., J.C.W.M., G.J.M.), and Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's Hospital (J.C.), London, the Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., T.M., A.H., P.M.), and the Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham (N.H.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Biology, Università Tor Vergata (S.I.), and the Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sapienza University (A.P.I., U.L.R.), Rome, Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (E.A., M.T.L.), and the Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (E.P., C.D.), Genoa, Unità Operativa Complessa di Ematologia, Unità Operativa Complessa di Fisiopatologia delle Anemie, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples (S.M., L.M., F.C., C.F., A.M.R.), and Ematologia e Trapianto Emopoietico, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino (L.M., C.F., A.M.R.) - all in Italy; University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián (J.C.V.), the Department of Hematology, Catalan Institute of Oncology Bellvitge Hospital-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (A.S.), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona (B.X.), and Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia (I.J.) - all in Spain; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland (B.D., J.R.P.)
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Sharman JP, Egyed M, Jurczak W, Skarbnik A, Pagel JM, Flinn IW, Kamdar M, Munir T, Walewska R, Corbett G, Fogliatto LM, Herishanu Y, Banerji V, Coutre S, Follows G, Walker P, Karlsson K, Ghia P, Janssens A, Cymbalista F, Woyach JA, Ferrant E, Wierda WG, Munugalavadla V, Yu T, Wang MH, Byrd JC. Efficacy and safety in a 4-year follow-up of the ELEVATE-TN study comparing acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:1171-1175. [PMID: 34974526 PMCID: PMC8979808 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and Research Center, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Miklos Egyed
- Somogy County Mór Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - John M Pagel
- Swedish Cancer Institute, Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian W Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manali Kamdar
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Talha Munir
- Haematology, Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Versha Banerji
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Steven Coutre
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Walker
- Peninsula Health and Peninsula Private Hospital, Frankston, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Woyach
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Ferrant
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ting Yu
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - John C Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hassan Javed MT, Abbas A, Ali F, Afzal R, Munir T, Azhar S. Cervicogenic Headache among Young Adults Using Computers with more than 3 Hours of Screen Time. PJMHS 2021; 15:3711-3714. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115123711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cervicogenic headache is a type of headache characterized by chronic hemi cranial pain referred to the head from either the cervical spine or soft tissues within the neck. The main symptoms of cervicogenic headaches include pain originating in the neck that can travel to the head or face, headaches that get worse with neck movement, and limited ability to move the neck. Aims and Objectives: This study focused to find out the prevalence of cervicogenic headache among young adults using computers with more than 3 hours of screen time. Material and Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in which 189 freelancers and entrepreneurs were selected through convenient sampling from private computer institutes of Faisalabad after meeting inclusion exclusion criteria. After sample selection, data was collected through a questionnaire based on Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group (CGHISG) diagnostic criteria. Result: The results of this study showed that cervicogenic headache was prevalent among digital freelancers and entrepreneurs. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Cervicogenic Headache was labeled in 122 (64.5%) people using computer at work or at home for more than 3 hours screen time daily. there was the significant association between cervicogenic headache and working ergonomics of digital freelancers and entrepreneurs with P value less than 0.05. Conclusion: Long working hours in front of a screen could expose freelancers and entrepreneurs to headache and neck pain. There is a considerable prevalence of cervicogenic headache among digital freelancers and entrepreneurs. The greatest cause of cervicogenic headache is a bad posture. Keywords: Cervicogenic headache, Posture, Secondary headaches. Neck pain
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Ahsan Zafar M, Khalid S, Munir T. Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Test for Diagnosis of Malaria. PJMHS 2021; 15:2826-2828. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic kits test for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Methodology: A total of 375 cases with age range 18-65 years of either gender as suspected for malaria were included in the study. We excluded all those cases already taking anti-malarial drugs. The study was conducted at Chughtais Lahore Lab, Lahore. Required blood sample were obtained following aseptic measures. Malaria RDT SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan (Catalogue No. 05FK60, Standard Diagnostics Inc, Hagal-Dong, Korea, from now on referred as “SD RDT”) was used. Patients were labeled as positive or negative on the basis of reports from hematology department assessed by microscopy and patients were labeled as positive or negative Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.84±13.44 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.01:1. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RDT for diagnosing malaria was 96.79%, 96.28% and 96.53% respectively taking microscopy as gold standard Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic kits is very useful reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Keywords: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic kits, Malaria,
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Asif A, Ahmad KA, Akbar S, Munir T. Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Obese. PJMHS 2021; 15:2831-2832. [DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: frequency of dyslipidemia in obese subjects Methodology: In this was a cross sectional study, we included a total of 100 cases, between 30 and 70 years of age of either gender having body mass index >30 whereas we excluded all those cases who were already taking treatment of dyslipidemia. A fasting blood sample was followed for lipid profile from the hospital lab and results were followed for presence/absence of dyslipidemia. Results: In this trial, mean age was 44.57+8.52 years. Mean lipid profile was recorded as 210.17+36.73 total cholesterol, 178.83+12.10 triglycerides, 133.55+9.74 LDL and 34.42+6.58 HDL. Mean Body mass index was calculated as 34.11+7.25. Frequency of dyslipidemia in obese subjects was recorded as 51%(n=51) Conclusion: We concluded that frequency of dyslipidemia is higher in obese subjects coming to a tertiary care hospital Lahore. So, it is recommended that every patient who present with obesity, should be sort out for dyslipidemia. However, it is also required that every setup should have their surveillance in order to know the frequency of the problem Keywords: Obese, dyslipidemia, frequency
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Eyre TA, Hori S, Munir T. Treatment strategies for a rapidly evolving landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia management. Hematol Oncol 2021; 40:129-159. [PMID: 34713475 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of targeted therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), treatment choice has expanded and patients are living longer. Careful consideration is needed regarding treatment duration and sequence, how best to meet patients' needs, balancing toxicities while improving long-term survival and maximizing depth of response. This review addresses these considerations and discusses current targeted treatment dilemmas. Targeted therapies have dramatically transformed the CLL treatment landscape. Two treatment paradigms have emerged using B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors (BCL2i) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK): (i) fixed duration and (ii) continuous treatment. The BCL2i venetoclax can attain deep remissions with a fixed-duration approach, resulting in high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) in treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with CLL. BTKis such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib achieve high objective response rates and long-term disease control, although they rarely attain complete response or uMRD status as monotherapy. Numerous studies are evaluating the clinical utility of BTKi and BCL2i as combination therapies, where deep remissions have been found to occur. MRD status may also be a useful marker for deciding when to stop continuous therapy, and randomized trials on MRD-guided treatment strategies are currently ongoing. The current treatment choice between continuous or fixed-duration therapy should be based on comorbidities, risks, preferences, and treatment goals, whilst areas of emerging clinical interest include the potential utility of BTKi-BCL2i combination therapies, as well as an MRD-guided treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby A Eyre
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Talha Munir
- The Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Staber PB, Jurczak W, Greil R, Vucinic V, Middeke JM, Montillo M, Munir T, Neumeister P, Schetelig J, Stilgenbauer S, Striebel F, Dirnberger-Hertweck M, Weirather J, Brugger W, Kelemen P, Wendtner CM, Woyach JA. Tafasitamab combined with idelalisib or venetoclax in patients with CLL previously treated with a BTK inhibitor. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:3440-3451. [PMID: 34414843 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1964020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL) whose treatment failed with a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor have poor outcomes. We investigated tafasitamab plus idelalisib (cohort A) or venetoclax (cohort B) in this patient population in a phase II study (NCT02639910). In total, 24 patients were enrolled (cohort A: n = 11, median time on study, 7.4 months; cohort B: n = 13, median time on study, 15.6 months). The most common treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) in cohort A was anemia (63.6%) and in cohort B was infusion-related reaction (53.8%). The most common severe TEAE was neutropenia (cohort A: 45.5%; cohort B: 46.2%). The best overall response rate was 90.9% (cohort A) and 76.9% (cohort B). Undetectable minimal residual disease in peripheral blood was achieved in 2/8 patients (cohort A) and 6/7 patients (cohort B). Overall, these results suggest that anti-CD19 antibody-based combinations may be important in the treatment of patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bernhard Staber
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Department of Hematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Montillo
- Hematology Department, Niguarda Cancer Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Talha Munir
- Clinical Hematology, The Leeds Teaching Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Clinical Department of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clemens-Martin Wendtner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Palliative Medicine, Infectious Diseases, and Tropical Medicine, Munich Clinic Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Ann Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Woyach J, Tedeschi A, Munir T, Siddiqi T, Hillmen P, Byrd JC, Ghia P, Mulligan SP, Dai S, Amaya-Chanaga CI, Dean JP, O'Brien SM, Barr PM. Using ibrutinib in earlier lines of treatment results in better outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:3278-3282. [PMID: 34384312 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1957871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alessandra Tedeschi
- Department of Hematology, Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hillmen
- Department of Haematology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, St. James Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen P Mulligan
- Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | | | - James P Dean
- Department of Clinical Science, Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Susan M O'Brien
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, UC Irvine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Barr
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Allsup D, Howard D, Emmerson J, Hockaday A, Rawstron A, Oughton JB, Bloor A, Phillips D, Nathwani A, Paneesha S, Turner D, Munir T, Hillmen P. COSMIC, chemotherapy plus ofatumumab at standard or mega-dose in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a phase II randomised study. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:646-650. [PMID: 34028800 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Allsup
- Haematology, Hull University Teaching Hospital, Kingston upon Hull, UK
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Dena Howard
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jake Emmerson
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Anna Hockaday
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jamie B Oughton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adrian Bloor
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David Phillips
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Talha Munir
- St James Institute of Oncology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Hillmen
- St James Institute of Oncology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Richards SJ, Painter D, Dickinson AJ, Griffin M, Munir T, Arnold L, Payne D, Pike A, Muus P, Hill A, Newton DJ, McKinley C, Jones R, Kelly R, Smith A, Roman E, Hillmen P. The incidence and prevalence of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and aplastic anaemia PNH syndrome: A retrospective analysis of the UK's population-based haematological malignancy research network 2004-2018. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:211-218. [PMID: 34060690 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A retrospective population-based study to determine the incidence and prevalence of patients with the rare blood disease paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). METHODS All patients were identified by flow cytometric detection of blood cells deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked proteins at a single diagnostic reference laboratory that serves the Yorkshire based, Haematological Malignancy Research Network (HMRN) with a population of 3.8 million. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-seven patients with detectable PNH clones at a level of >0.01% in at least two lineages of cells (neutrophils, monocytes and/or red cells) were identified over a 15-year period (2004-2018). Of these, 88% had aplastic anaemia (AA), 8% classical PNH and 3% myelodysplastic syndrome. The overall incidence rate was estimated at 0.35 cases per 100 000 people per year. This equates to 220 cases newly diagnosed in the United Kingdom each year. The overall prevalence rate was 3.81 per 100 000, this equates to an estimated 2400 prevalent cases in the UK. The overall and relative 5-year survival rates were 72% and 82.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that classical haemolytic PNH is a rare disease and represents only a small proportion overall of patients with detectable PNH cells, the majority of which have aplastic anaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia, Aplastic/complications
- Anemia, Aplastic/diagnosis
- Anemia, Aplastic/epidemiology
- Anemia, Aplastic/history
- Biomarkers
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/complications
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/diagnosis
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/epidemiology
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/history
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Population Surveillance
- Prevalence
- Retrospective Studies
- Syndrome
- United Kingdom/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Richards
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Painter
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anita J Dickinson
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Morag Griffin
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Arnold
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Payne
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexandra Pike
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Petra Muus
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Anita Hill
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Leeds, UK
| | - Darren J Newton
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire McKinley
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rachael Jones
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Kelly
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Smith
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Peter Hillmen
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Sharman JP, Egyed M, Jurczak W, Skarbnik A, Pagel JM, Kamdar MK, Munir T, Corbett G, Fogliatto LM, Herishanu Y, Banerji V, Coutre SE, Walker P, Karlsson K, Ghia P, Janssens A, Wierda WG, Patel P, Wang MH, Byrd JC. Acalabrutinib ± obinutuzumab versus obinutuzumab + chlorambucil in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Elevate-TN four-year follow up. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7509 Background: Early results from ELEVATE-TN (NCT02475681) at a median follow-up of 28.3 mo demonstrated superior efficacy of acalabrutinib (A) ± obinutuzumab (O) compared with O + chlorambucil (Clb) in patients (pts) with treatment-naïve (TN) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Sharman et al. Lancet 2020;395:1278-91). Results from a 4-year update are reported here. Methods: Pts received A±O or O+Clb. Crossover to A monotherapy was permitted in pts who progressed on O+Clb. Investigator-assessed (INV) progression-free survival (PFS), INV overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety were evaluated. Results: 535 pts (A+O, n=179; A, n=179; O+Clb, n=177) were randomized with a median age of 70 y; 63% had unmutated IGHV and 9% del(17p). At a median follow-up of 46.9 mo (range, 0.0–59.4; data cutoff: Sept 11, 2020), the median PFS was not reached (NR) for A+O and A pts vs 27.8 mo for O+Clb pts (both P<0.0001). In pts with unmutated IGHV, the median PFS was NR (A+O and A) vs 22.2 mo among O+Clb pts (both P<0.0001). In pts with del(17p), the median PFS was NR (A+O and A) vs 17.7 mo for O+Clb ( P<0.005). Estimated 48-mo PFS rates were 87% for A+O, 78% for A, and 25% for O+Clb. Median OS was NR in any treatment arm with a trend towards significance in the A+O group (A+O vs O+Clb, P=0.0604); estimated 48-mo OS rates were 93% (A+O), 88% (A), and 88% (O+Clb). ORR was significantly higher with A+O (96.1%; 95% CI 92.1–98.1) vs O+Clb (82.5%; 95% CI 76.2–87.4; P<0.0001); ORR with A was 89.9% (95% CI 84.7–93.5; P=0.035 vs O+Clb). Complete response/complete response with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) rates were higher with A+O (26.8%/3.9%) vs O+Clb (12.4%/0.6%); 10.6%/0.6% had CR/CRi with A. Common adverse events (AEs) and AEs of interest are shown in the Table. Overall treatment discontinuation rates were 25.1% (A+O), 30.7% (A), and 22.6% (O+Clb); the most common reasons were AEs (12.8%, 12.3%, 14.7%, respectively) and progressive disease (4.5%, 7.8%, 1.7%). Most pts (77.4%) completed O+Clb treatment. Conclusions: With a median follow-up of 46.9 mo (̃4y), the efficacy and safety of A+O and A monotherapy was maintained, with an increase in CR since the interim analysis (from 21% to 27% [A+O] and from 7% to 11% [A]) and low rates of discontinuation.[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Porter Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and US Oncology Research Center, Eugene, OR
| | - Miklos Egyed
- Somogy County Mór Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Talha Munir
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Patricia Walker
- Peninsula Health and Peninsula Private Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - William G. Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - John C. Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH
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Kathia UM, Munir T, Fateh F, Ahmad A, Amjad A, Afzal MF. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: Review of the Antibiogram of a Surgical Unit in a Public Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. Cureus 2020; 12:e11159. [PMID: 33251067 PMCID: PMC7686934 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a challenge in modern-day medical practice. The pace at which microbes are becoming resistant to antibiotics is greater than the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. There is a need to study these antimicrobial patterns and, for this purpose, antibiograms should be developed at the levels of wards and hospitals and studied to guide us better on how to choose suitable empirical therapy for our patients. Methods and materials A total of 286 reports were studied, which contained the culture and sensitivity data of all the patients admitted under the care of Surgical Unit-1 in Lahore General Hospital between April 1, 2019, and October 31, 2019. All the samples for culture and sensitivity were sent to the in-house laboratory of the hospital where the reporting was done by the pathology department. They were inoculated and then intubated, and gram staining was performed. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility were measured by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory standards institute (CSLI) guidelines. Results The most common isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli) in 65 (24%) patients, the next most common was Acinetobacterspecies in 62 (23%), followed by Pseudomonas species 52(19%), Klebsiella species 32 (13%), Staphylococcus aureus 30 (11%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci 20 (7%), Enterobacter species (2%), and Citrobacter species (1%). The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was highest for aminoglycosides and carbapenems like amikacin (78%), meropenem (71%), and imipenem (63%). Acinetobacter was most sensitive to colistin (100%), amikacin (31%), meropenem (21%), and cefoperazone + sulbactam (21%). Pseudomonas was also most sensitive to colistin (93%) and after that amikacin (52%), meropenem (52%), and imipenem (44%). Klebsiella was most sensitive to colistin (86%), imipenem (60%), and aminoglycosides (50%). Among gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to linezolid (100%) and vancomycin (100%). Conclusion The vast majority of isolated organisms in this study were gram-negative bacteria, and most were showing high antimicrobial resistance. The antibiograms should be developed and regularly updated at every ward and hospital. There is a need to bring more awareness about the proper use of antimicrobials among healthcare workers, and antimicrobial stewardship programs can help in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of Medicine, Doctors Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fatima Fateh
- Department of Medicine, Tehsil Head Quarter Hospital, Phalia, PAK
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Doctors Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Awais Amjad
- Department of Surgery, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
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Rasool S, Azhar S, Munir T, Ahmad MS, Abbas R, Abbas R, Ahsan M. Lactulose versus lactitol in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE). TPMJ 2020; 27:1595-1601. [DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.08.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis, with depressed level of consciousness. Lactulose as well as lactitol has been used in the treatment of HE. Lactitol is comparable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects and better tolerated. However, literature showed equal efficacy of both drugs. So we conducted this trial to find better drug to implement its use in future. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lactulose and lactitol in patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine OPD and Emergency (East, West, North, South), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 Months June 2017 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 570 patients were included through non-probability, consecutive sampling after informed consent. Initial grade of HE was assessed and patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method i.e. lactulose or lactitol. Patients were admitted to ward for management and kept under observation for 5 days. After 5 days, HE grades was measured again, then improvement in grade of HE (effectiveness) was measured. All data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square was applied to compare both groups for effectiveness taking p-value≤0.05 as significant. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 44.22 ±11.81 years, the male to female ratio of the patients was 2.4:1. The mean duration of the cirrhosis of the patients was 3.73±1.61 months. In our study the effectiveness was achieved in 538 (94.39%) patients, out of which 263 cases were from lactulose group and 275 were from lactitol group and the difference was significant (p<0.0.5). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that Lactitol is better choice for the treatment of patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy as compared to lactulose. More efficacy was achieved in lactitol group patients than in lactulose group patients.
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Macrae FL, Peacock‐Young B, Bowman P, Baker SR, Quested S, Linton E, Hillmen P, Griffin M, Munir T, Payne D, McKinley C, Clarke D, Newton DJ, Hill A, Ariëns RAS. Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria demonstrate a prothrombotic clotting phenotype which is improved by complement inhibition with eculizumab. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:944-952. [PMID: 32311169 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder, characterized by complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. The increased incidence of PNH-driven thrombosis is still poorly understood, but unlike other thrombotic disorders, is thought to largely occur through complement-mediated mechanisms. Treatment with a C5 inhibitor, eculizumab, has been shown to significantly reduce the number of thromboembolic events in these patients. Based on previously described links between changes in fibrin clot structure and thrombosis in other disorders, our aim was to investigate clot structure as a possible mechanism of thrombosis in patients with PNH and the anti-thrombotic effects of eculizumab treatment on clot structure. Clot structure, fibrinogen levels and thrombin generation were examined in plasma samples from 82 patients from the National PNH Service in Leeds, UK. Untreated PNH patients were found to have increased levels of fibrinogen and thrombin generation, with subsequent prothrombotic changes in clot structure. No link was found between increasing disease severity and fibrinogen levels, thrombin generation, clot formation or structure. However, eculizumab treated patients showed decreased fibrinogen levels, thrombin generation and clot density, with increasing time spent on treatment augmenting these antithrombotic effects. These data suggest that PNH patients have a prothrombotic clot phenotype due to increased fibrinogen levels and thrombin generation, and that the antithrombotic effects of eculizumab are, in-part, due to reductions in fibrinogen and thrombin generation with downstream effects on clot structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L. Macrae
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Barnaby Peacock‐Young
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Polly Bowman
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Stephen R. Baker
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of PhysicsWake Forest University Winston Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Sam Quested
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Emma Linton
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Peter Hillmen
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Morag Griffin
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Talha Munir
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Daniel Payne
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Claire McKinley
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyLeeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Deborah Clarke
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyLeeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Darren J Newton
- Division of Haematology and ImmunologyLeeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Anita Hill
- Department of HaematologyLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK
| | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science DepartmentLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds Leeds UK
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Mato AR, Roeker LE, Jacobs R, Hill BT, Lamanna N, Brander D, Shadman M, Ujjani CS, Yazdy MS, Perini GF, Pinilla-Ibarz JA, Barrientos J, Skarbnik AP, Torka P, Pu JJ, Pagel JM, Gohil S, Fakhri B, Choi M, Coombs CC, Rhodes J, Barr PM, Portell CA, Parry H, Garcia CA, Whitaker KJ, Winter AM, Sitlinger A, Khajavian S, Grajales-Cruz AF, Isaac KM, Shah P, Akhtar OS, Pocock R, Lam K, Voorhees TJ, Schuster SJ, Rodgers TD, Fox CP, Martinez-Calle N, Munir T, Bhavsar EB, Bailey N, Lee JC, Weissbrot HB, Nabhan C, Goodfriend JM, King AC, Zelenetz AD, Dorsey C, Bigelow K, Cheson BD, Allan JN, Eyre TA. Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapies Following Venetoclax Discontinuation in CLL Reveals BTK Inhibition as an Effective Strategy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3589-3596. [PMID: 32198151 PMCID: PMC8588795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venetoclax-based therapy is a standard-of-care option in first-line and relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patient management following venetoclax discontinuation remains nonstandard and poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To address this, we conducted a large international study to identify a cohort of 326 patients who discontinued venetoclax and have been subsequently treated. Coprimary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival for the post-venetoclax treatments stratified by treatment type [Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki), and cellular therapies]. RESULTS We identified patients with CLL who discontinued venetoclax in the first-line (4%) and relapsed/refractory settings (96%). Patients received a median of three therapies prior to venetoclax; 40% were BTKi naïve (n = 130), and 81% were idelalisib naïve (n = 263). ORR to BTKi was 84% (n = 44) in BTKi-naïve patients versus 54% (n = 30) in BTKi-exposed patients. We demonstrate therapy selection following venetoclax requires prior novel agent exposure consideration and discontinuation reasons. CONCLUSIONS For BTKi-naïve patients, selection of covalently binding BTKis results in high ORR and durable remissions. For BTKi-exposed patients, covalent BTK inhibition is not effective in the setting of BTKi resistance. PI3Kis following venetoclax do not appear to result in durable remissions. We conclude that BTKi in naïve or previously responsive patients and cellular therapies following venetoclax may be the most effective strategies.See related commentary by Rogers, p. 3501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mato
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | | | - Ryan Jacobs
- Department of Hematology, Lymphoma Division, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Brian T Hill
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicole Lamanna
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center), New York, New York
| | | | - Mazyar Shadman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chaitra S Ujjani
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maryam Sarraf Yazdy
- Georgetown University Hospital Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D.C
| | | | | | | | | | - Pallawi Torka
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jeffrey J Pu
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - John M Pagel
- Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Satyen Gohil
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bita Fakhri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Choi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Catherine C Coombs
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joanna Rhodes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul M Barr
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Craig A Portell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helen Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A Garcia
- Hillman Cancer Pavilion, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Allison M Winter
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrea Sitlinger
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Krista M Isaac
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Kentson Lam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Timothy J Voorhees
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Christopher P Fox
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Calle
- Clinical Haematology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Talha Munir
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Long Island City, New York
| | - Erica B Bhavsar
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Bailey
- Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason C Lee
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center), New York, New York
| | - Hanna B Weissbrot
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center), New York, New York
| | | | | | - Amber C King
- Clinical Pharmacy Specialist-Leukemia, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew D Zelenetz
- Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Colleen Dorsey
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kayla Bigelow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bruce D Cheson
- Georgetown University Hospital Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D.C
| | - John N Allan
- Department of Haematology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Toby A Eyre
- Department of Haematology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sharman JP, Egyed M, Jurczak W, Skarbnik A, Pagel JM, Flinn IW, Kamdar M, Munir T, Walewska R, Corbett G, Fogliatto LM, Herishanu Y, Banerji V, Coutre S, Follows G, Walker P, Karlsson K, Ghia P, Janssens A, Cymbalista F, Woyach JA, Salles G, Wierda WG, Izumi R, Munugalavadla V, Patel P, Wang MH, Wong S, Byrd JC. Acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil and obinutuzmab for treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ELEVATE TN): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2020; 395:1278-1291. [PMID: 32305093 PMCID: PMC8151619 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acalabrutinib is a selective, covalent Bruton tyrosine-kinase inhibitor with activity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. We compare the efficacy of acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab against chlorambucil with obinutuzumab in patients with treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. METHODS ELEVATE TN is a global, phase 3, multicentre, open-label study in patients with treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia done at 142 academic and community hospitals in 18 countries. Eligible patients had untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and were aged 65 years or older, or older than 18 years and younger than 65 years with creatinine clearance of 30-69 mL/min (calculated by use of the Cockcroft-Gault equation) or Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics score greater than 6. Additional criteria included an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 2 or less and adequate haematologic, hepatic, and renal function. Patients with significant cardiovascular disease were excluded, and concomitant treatment with warfarin or equivalent vitamin K antagonists was prohibited. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) centrally via an interactive voice or web response system to receive acalabrutinib and obinutuzumab, acalabrutinib monotherapy, or obinutuzumab and oral chlorambucil. Treatments were administered in 28-day cycles. To reduce infusion-related reactions, acalabrutinib was administered for one cycle before obinutuzumab administration. Oral acalabrutinib was administered (100 mg) twice a day until progressive disease or unacceptable toxic effects occurred. In the acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab group, intravenous obinutuzumab was given on days 1 (100 mg), 2 (900 mg), 8 (1000 mg), and 15 (1000 mg) of cycle 2 and on day 1 (1000 mg) of cycles 3-7. In the obinutuzumab-chlorambucil group, intravenous obinutuzumab was given on days 1 (100 mg), 2 (900 mg), 8 (1000 mg), and 15 (1000 mg) of cycle 1 and on day 1 (1000 mg) of cycles 2-6. Oral chlorambucil was given (0·5 mg/kg) on days 1 and 15 of each cycle, for six cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival between the two combination-therapy groups, assessed by independent review committee. Crossover to acalabrutinib was allowed in patients who progressed on obinutuzumab-chlorambucil. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of treatment. Enrolment for this trial is complete, and the study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02475681. FINDINGS Between Sept 14, 2015, and Feb 8, 2017, we recruited 675 patients for assessment. 140 patients did not meet eligibility criteria, and 535 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. 179 patients were assigned to receive acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 179 patients were assigned to receive acalabrutinib monotherapy, and 177 patients were assigned to receive obinutuzumab-chlorambucil. At median follow-up of 28·3 months (IQR 25·6-33·1), median progression-free survival was longer with acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab and acalabrutinib monotherapy, compared with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil (median not reached with acalabrutinib and obinutuzumab vs 22·6 months with obinutuzumab, hazard ratio [HR] 0·1; 95% CI 0·06-0·17, p<0·0001; and not reached with acalabrutinib monotherapy vs 22·6 months with obinutuzumab, 0·20; 0·13-0·3, p<0·0001). Estimated progression-free survival at 24 months was 93% with acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab (95% CI 87-96%), 87% with acalabrutinib monotherapy (81-92%), and 47% with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil (39-55%). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse event across groups was neutropenia (53 [30%] of 178 patients in the acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab group, 17 [9%] of 179 patients in the acalabrutinib group, and 70 [41%] of 169 patients in the obinutuzumab-chlorambucil group). All-grade infusion reactions were less frequent with acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab (24 [13%] of 178 patients) than obinutuzumab-chlorambucil (67 [40%] of 169 patients). Grade 3 or higher infections occurred in 37 (21%) patients given acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 25 (14%) patients given acalabrutinib monotherapy, and 14 (8%) patients given obinutuzumab-chlorambucil. Deaths occurred in eight (4%) patients given acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 12 (7%) patients given acalabrutinib, and 15 (9%) patients given obinutuzumab-chlorambucil. INTERPRETATION Acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab significantly improved progression-free survival over obinutuzumab-chlorambucil chemoimmunotherapy, providing a chemotherapy-free treatment option with an acceptable side-effect profile that was consistent with previous studies. These data support the use of acalabrutinib in combination with obinutuzumab or alone as a new treatment option for patients with treatment-naive symptomatic chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. FUNDING Acerta Pharma, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, and R35 CA198183 (to JCB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute/US Oncology, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Miklos Egyed
- Department of Hematology, Somogy County Mór Kaposi General Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alan Skarbnik
- Department of Medicine, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA; Lymphoproliferative Disorders Program, Novant Health Cancer Institute, Charlotte NC, USA
| | - John M Pagel
- Swedish Cancer Institute, Center for Blood Disorders and Stem Cell Transplantation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian W Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manali Kamdar
- Division of Hematology, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Talha Munir
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | - Renata Walewska
- Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Gillian Corbett
- Department of Medicine, Tauranga Hospital, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Yair Herishanu
- Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Versha Banerji
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Steven Coutre
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Walker
- Peninsula Health, and Peninsula Private Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Karlsson
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ann Janssens
- Hematology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jennifer A Woyach
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gilles Salles
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raquel Izumi
- Acerta Pharma, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Priti Patel
- Acerta Pharma, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Hui Wang
- Acerta Pharma, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Wong
- Acerta Pharma, a member of the AstraZeneca Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Munir T, Safdar MN, Azhar S, Khan RR, Siddique S, Aaraj S, Ahsan M. Causes of Upper GI Bleed: Variceal or non-variceal. TPMJ 2020; 27:820-824. [DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.04.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the frequency of esophageal variceal bleed in patients with upper GI bleed presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Setting: Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 6 months from 01-06-2018 to 31-12-2018. Material & Methods: Two hundred patients with upper GI bleed were included in the study. All the patients had upper GI endoscopy to determine the esophageal variceal bleeding which was documented as frequency distribution table. Results: Esophageal variceal bleed was seen among 108 (54%) patients while it was not present among 92 (46%) patients. Conclusion: Esophageal variceal bleeding is frequently present among patients with upper GI bleeding and should be suspected in every patient with upper GI bleeding.
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Alkoky H, Munir T, Borg F. P42 Use of trametinib, a MEK1 inhibitor, to treat Erdheim Chester disease (ECD). Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa111.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Erdheim Chester disease (non-Langerhan’s cell histocytosis) is a poorly recognised rare multisystem disorder. Alfa interferon (αINF) is recommended as initial therapy. BRAFV600E and MAP2K1 mutations have been identified in this condition, for which targeted biologic therapy is now available. We present a clinically challenging case of ECD, including both small and large vessel vasculitis, intolerant of αINF, who has now responded well to MAP2KI inhibition.
Methods
A 49-year-old gentleman was referred to the rheumatology clinic in 2013 with a multisystem inflammatory condition, initially characterised by weight loss, systemic upset, cranial diabetes insipidus and hypogonadism, testicular masses, lymphadenopathy and knee arthritis. Initial PET scan demonstrated uptake in these areas, together with the typical long bone pattern of uptake of ECD with complete enhancement of the pituitary on MRI. Non-Langerhan’s cell histocytosis was confirmed histologically from synovial biopsy, with presence of the MAP2K1 mutation. He was initially treated with αINF, which he was unable to tolerate, and he was then maintained on a combination of subcutaneous methotrexate and prednisolone. In 2017, he developed transient weakness and dysarthria, and episcleritis with DSA-MRI consistent with small vessel cerebral vasculitis. This was treated with cyclophosphamide. 6 months later, he experienced amaurosis fugax. He was found to have critically stenotic carotid arteries, despite these being normal when imaged 6 months previously. Carotid artery biopsy confirmed non-giant cell vasculitic changes, and PET confirmed large vessel uptake from carotids to aortic arch.
Results
Funding for targeted biologic therapy was turned down by NHSE. Trametib, a MEK1 inhibitor was obtained on compassionate grounds. Following commencement of this, PET uptake in all areas, including the vasculature normalised, with symptomatic resolution and CRP falling from 148 to 4. At the 6-month point, he remains in remission symptomatically, radiographically and in laboratory markers.
Conclusion
ECD is a rare multi-system disorder characterised by tissue infiltration of foamy histiocytes. There are approximately 550 cases described in the literature. It is classified as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, with variable phenotype and prognosis. Median survival is 162 months. CNS involvement and lack of response to α-INF are both independent predictors of a poor prognosis. Two genetic mutations have been identified in these patients: BRAFV600E in over 60% and MAP2K1 in 20%. Both mutations now have targeted biologic inhibition. ECD may present in the rheumatology clinic due to its inflammatory and multisystem involvement. We hope to promote recognition of this condition through this case. Although targeted therapies exist, better avenues of funding need to be available for patients with rare conditions to access them.
Disclosures
H. Alkoky None. T. Munir None. F. Borg None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Alkoky
- Rheumatology, Southend University Hospital, Essex, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Frances Borg
- Rheumatology, Southend University Hospital, Essex, UNITED KINGDOM
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Azhar S, Baig MW, Rasool S, Khan RR, Munir T, Fatima U, Ahsan M. Multidrug-resistant urinary tract isolates of escherichia coli: Frequency and patient demographics in a Tertiary Care Hospital. TPMJ 2020; 27:335-340. [DOI: 10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.02.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major burden to the health care as it is estimated that around 150 million UTIs occur yearly worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common agent causing serious urinary tract infections; and MDR cases are increasing day by day. Objectives: To determine the frequency and patient demographics of multidrug resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia Coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Medicine Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital / The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad. Period: From May 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: 187 patients of age 15 to 90 years with positive E. coli on urine culture and sensitivity were included in this Retrospective cross sectional study. All those patients with history of dysuria (pain during urination) or frequent urination (more than 7 times per day) were advised urine complete analysis and those with >5 WBCs or pus cells /HPF or having positive for leukocyte esterase and/or nitrite, were advised urine culture and sensitivity. Main outcome variable was the frequency of MDRE cases among the culture positive E. coli UTI patients. Results: Among all the cases of E. coli UTI, frequency of MDRE UTI was 66.8% (n=125) and rest 33.2% (n= 62) cases were not MDR UTI. 97.3% patients were resistant to lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to aminoglycosides.
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Kwok M, Oldreive C, Rawstron AC, Goel A, Papatzikas G, Jones RE, Drennan S, Agathanggelou A, Sharma-Oates A, Evans P, Smith E, Dalal S, Mao J, Hollows R, Gordon N, Hamada M, Davies NJ, Parry H, Beggs AD, Munir T, Moreton P, Paneesha S, Pratt G, Taylor AMR, Forconi F, Baird DM, Cazier JB, Moss P, Hillmen P, Stankovic T. Integrative analysis of spontaneous CLL regression highlights genetic and microenvironmental interdependency in CLL. Blood 2020; 135:411-428. [PMID: 31794600 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous regression is a recognized phenomenon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but its biological basis remains unknown. We undertook a detailed investigation of the biological and clinical features of 20 spontaneous CLL regression cases incorporating phenotypic, functional, transcriptomic, and genomic studies at sequential time points. All spontaneously regressed tumors were IGHV-mutated with no restricted IGHV usage or B-cell receptor (BCR) stereotypy. They exhibited shortened telomeres similar to nonregressing CLL, indicating prior proliferation. They also displayed low Ki-67, CD49d, cell-surface immunoglobulin M (IgM) expression and IgM-signaling response but high CXCR4 expression, indicating low proliferative activity associated with poor migration to proliferation centers, with these features becoming increasingly marked during regression. Spontaneously regressed CLL displayed a transcriptome profile characterized by downregulation of metabolic processes as well as MYC and its downstream targets compared with nonregressing CLL. Moreover, spontaneous regression was associated with reversal of T-cell exhaustion features including reduced programmed cell death 1 expression and increased T-cell proliferation. Interestingly, archetypal CLL genomic aberrations including HIST1H1B and TP53 mutations and del(13q14) were found in some spontaneously regressing tumors, but genetic composition remained stable during regression. Conversely, a single case of CLL relapse following spontaneous regression was associated with increased BCR signaling, CLL proliferation, and clonal evolution. These observations indicate that spontaneously regressing CLL appear to undergo a period of proliferation before entering a more quiescent state, and that a complex interaction between genomic alterations and the microenvironment determines disease course. Together, the findings provide novel insight into the biological processes underpinning spontaneous CLL regression, with implications for CLL treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin M/genetics
- Ki-67 Antigen/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Kwok
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Oldreive
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andy C Rawstron
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Goel
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grigorios Papatzikas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon E Jones
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Drennan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Evans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Smith
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Surita Dalal
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jingwen Mao
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hollows
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naheema Gordon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mayumi Hamada
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Parry
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Talha Munir
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moreton
- Department of Haematology, Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Shankara Paneesha
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Guy Pratt
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Malcolm R Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan M Baird
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Moss
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hillmen
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Section of Experimental Haematology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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50
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Munir T, Brown JR, O'Brien S, Barrientos JC, Barr PM, Reddy NM, Coutre S, Tam CS, Mulligan SP, Jaeger U, Kipps TJ, Moreno C, Montillo M, Burger JA, Byrd JC, Hillmen P, Dai S, Szoke A, Dean JP, Woyach JA. Final analysis from RESONATE: Up to six years of follow-up on ibrutinib in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:1353-1363. [PMID: 31512258 PMCID: PMC6899718 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, a once-daily oral inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is approved in the United States and Europe for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The phase 3 RESONATE study showed improved efficacy of single-agent ibrutinib over ofatumumab in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL, including those with high-risk features. Here we report the final analysis from RESONATE with median follow-up on study of 65.3 months (range, 0.3-71.6) in the ibrutinib arm. Median progression-free survival (PFS) remained significantly longer for patients randomized to ibrutinib vs ofatumumab (44.1 vs 8.1 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.148; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.113-0.196; P˂.001). The PFS benefit with ibrutinib vs ofatumumab was preserved in the genomic high-risk population with del(17p), TP53 mutation, del(11q), and/or unmutated IGHV status (median PFS 44.1 vs 8.0 months; HR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.080-0.152), which represented 82% of patients. Overall response rate with ibrutinib was 91% (complete response/complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery, 11%). Overall survival, censored for crossover, was better with ibrutinib than ofatumumab (HR: 0.639; 95% CI: 0.418-0.975). With up to 71 months (median 41 months) of ibrutinib therapy, the safety profile remained consistent with prior reports; cumulatively, all-grade (grade ≥3) hypertension and atrial fibrillation occurred in 21% (9%) and 12% (6%) of patients, respectively. Only 16% discontinued ibrutinib because of adverse events (AEs). These long-term results confirm the robust efficacy of ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL irrespective of high-risk clinical or genomic features, with no unexpected AEs. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01578707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Munir
- Department of Haematology St. James's University Hospital Leeds UK
| | | | - Susan O'Brien
- UC Irvine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Irvine California
| | - Jacqueline C. Barrientos
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology Northwell Health Cancer Institute Lake Success New York
| | - Paul M. Barr
- Wilmot Cancer Institute University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York
| | | | - Steven Coutre
- Stanford Cancer Center Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California
| | - Constantine S. Tam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre St. Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Jaeger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Medical University of Vienna Wien Austria
| | | | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Jan A. Burger
- Department of Leukemia University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - John C. Byrd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Peter Hillmen
- The Leeds Teaching Hospitals St. James Institute of Oncology Leeds UK
| | - Sandra Dai
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company Sunnyvale California
| | - Anita Szoke
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company Sunnyvale California
| | - James P. Dean
- Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company Sunnyvale California
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