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Senhorães NR, Silva BF, Sousa R, Leite BP, Gonçalves JM, Almeida Paz FA, Pereira-Wilson C, Dias AM. Synthesis of 6,8-diaminopurines via acid-induced cascade cyclization of 5-aminoimidazole precursors and preliminary anticancer evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1500-1513. [PMID: 38294067 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the pharmacological interest generated by 6-substituted purine roscovitine for cancer treatment, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamidine precursors containing a cyanamide unit were prepared by condensation of 5-amino-N-cyanoimidazole-4-carbimidoyl cyanides with a wide range of primary amines. When these amidine precursors were combined with acids, a fast cascade cyclization occurred at room temperature, affording new 6,8-diaminopurines with the N-3 and N-6 substituents changed relatively to the original positions they occupied in the amidine and imidazole moieties of precursors. The efficacy and wide scope of this method was well demonstrated by an easy and affordable synthesis of 22 6,8-diaminopurines decorated with a wide diversity of substituents at the N-3 and N-6 positions of the purine ring. Preliminary in silico and in vitro assessments of these 22 compounds were carried out and the results showed that 13 of these tested compounds not only exhibited IC50 values between 1.4 and 7.5 μM against the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 but also showed better binding energies than known inhibitors in docking studies with different cancer-related target proteins. In addition, good harmonization observed between in silico and in vitro results strengthens and validates this preliminary evaluation, suggesting that these novel entities are good candidates for further studies as new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia R Senhorães
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bruna F Silva
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Sousa
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruna P Leite
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Jorge M Gonçalves
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Filipe A Almeida Paz
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pereira-Wilson
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alice M Dias
- CQUM - Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Cirak C, Seyis F, Özcan A, Yurteri E. Ontogenetic changes in phenolic contents and volatile composition of Hypericum androsaemum and Hypericum xylosteifolium. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nwafor EO, Lu P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Peng H, Xing B, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Chlorogenic acid: Potential source of natural drugs for the therapeutics of fibrosis and cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101294. [PMID: 34861551 PMCID: PMC8640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and cancer is described by some epidemiological studies as chronic stages of different disease conditions typically characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), thereby leading to inflammation of tissues and organ (lungs, heart, liver and kidney) dysfunction. It is highly prevalent, and contributes to increased mortality rate worldwide. Currently, the therapeutical approaches involving selected medications (bemcentinib, pirfenidone and nintedanib) obtained synthetically, and used in clinical practices for fibrosis and cancer management and treatment has shown to be unsatisfactorily, especially during progressive stages of the disease. With regards to finding a more potent, effective, and promising curative for fibrosis and cancer, there is need for continuous experimental studies universally. However, phytochemical constituents’ particularly phenolic compounds [Chlorogenic acid (CGA)] obtained from coffee, and coffee beans have been predominantly utilized in experimental studies, due to its multiple pharmacological properties against various disease forms. Considering its natural source alongside minimal toxicity level, CGA, a major precursor of coffee have gained considerable attention nowadays from researchers worldwide, owing to its wide, efficacious and beneficial action against fibrosis and cancer. Interestingly, the safety of CGA has been proven. Furthermore, numerous experimental studies have also deduced massive remarkable outcomes in the use of CGA clinically, as a potential drug candidate against treatment of fibrosis and cancer. In the course of this review article, we systematically discussed the beneficial contributions of CGA with regards to its source, absorption, metabolism, mechanistic effects, and molecular mechanisms against different fibrosis and cancer categorization, which might be a prospective remedy in the future. Moreover, we also highlighted CGA (in vitro and in vivo analytical studies) defensive effects against various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kuibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China.
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YAZICI BEKTAŞ N, ERSOY E, BOĞA M, BORAN T, ÇINAR E, ÖZHAN G, GÖREN AC, EROĞLU ÖZKAN E. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Hypericum androsaemum on prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines with identification of secondary metabolites by LC-HRMS. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:1621-1638. [PMID: 34849072 PMCID: PMC8596555 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2104-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to determine the secondary metabolites of Hypericum androsaemum L. extracts by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the plant. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by MTT assay, and apoptosis induction abilities on human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Accordingly, major secondary metabolites were found as hederagenin (762 ± 70.10 μg/g) in the leaves dichloromethane (LD), herniarin (167 ± 1.50 μg/g) in fruit dichloromethane (FD), (-)-epicatechin (6538 ± 235.36 μg/g) in the leaves methanol (LM), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (758 ± 20.46 μg/g) in the fruit methanol (FM), and caffeic acid (370 ± 8.88 μg/g) in the fruit water (FW), and (3313 ± 79.51 μg/g) in the leaves water (LW) extracts. LM exerted strong antioxidant activity in DPPH free (IC50 10.94 ± 0.08 μg/mL), and ABTS cation radicals scavenging (IC50 9.09 ± 0.05 μg/mL) activities. FM exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 73.23 ± 3.06 µg/mL and 31.64 ± 2.75 µg/mL on PC-3 and Hep G2 cell lines, respectively. Being the richest extract in terms of quillaic acid (630 ± 18.9 μg/g), which is a well-known cytotoxic triterpenoid with proven apoptosis induction ability on different cells, FM extract showed apoptosis induction activity with 64.75% on PC-3 cells at 50 μg/mL concentration. The study provides promising results about the potential of Hypericum androsaemum on cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan YAZICI BEKTAŞ
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, TrabzonTurkey
| | - Ezgi ERSOY
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Mehmet BOĞA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, DiyarbakırTurkey
| | - Tuğçe BORAN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Ercan ÇINAR
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Batman University, BatmanTurkey
| | - Gül ÖZHAN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Ahmet Ceyhan GÖREN
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmiâlem Vakıf University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Esra EROĞLU ÖZKAN
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul University, İstanbulTurkey
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Jesus MS, Carvalho AC, Teixeira JA, Domingues L, Pereira-Wilson C. Ohmic Heating Extract of Vine Pruning Residue Has Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity and Increases Sensitivity to the Chemotherapeutic Drug 5-FU. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081102. [PMID: 32806531 PMCID: PMC7466249 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vine pruning residues are by-products of the wine industry that have not received much attention in the past, in spite of being rich in bioactive compounds. In this study, we aimed to test whether an ohmic extract of vine pruning residue (VPE) has anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) properties, and whether responses differ according with cell's mutation profile. VPE decreased human CRC cell proliferation, accompanied by DNA effects and cell cycle modulation. VPE also increased cell sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU. Our results suggest that tumors harboring BRAF mutations may be more responsive to VPE than KRAS mutated tumors. These effects of the extract were not completely reproduced by the most abundant constituents tested individually at the concentrations present in the effective dose of VPE. Globally, our results indicate that VPE, a polyphenol enriched extract produced by ohmic heating of vine pruning residue, has anti-colorectal cancer potential, including sensitizing to a chemotherapeutical drug, and its use in functional foods or nutraceuticals could be exploited in personalized anti colorectal cancer dietary strategies. Valorization of this lignocellulosic residue should encourage bio-waste recycling, adding value to this agricultural by-product and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirielly S. Jesus
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.J.); (J.A.T.); (L.D.)
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Ana C. Carvalho
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- CITAB–Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A. Teixeira
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.J.); (J.A.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.J.); (J.A.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Cristina Pereira-Wilson
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (M.S.J.); (J.A.T.); (L.D.)
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253604318; Fax: +351-253604319
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Balikci N, Sarimahmut M, Ari F, Aztopal N, Zafer Ozel M, Ulukaya E, Celikler S. Toxicity assessment of Hypericum olympicum subsp. olympicum L. on human lymphocytes and breast cancer cell lines. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:18-25. [PMID: 34907704 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a limited number of studies about the constituents of Hypericum olympicum subsp. olympicum and its genotoxic and cytotoxic potency. We examined the possible antigenotoxic/genotoxic properties of methanolic extract of H. olympicum subsp. olympicum (HOE) on human lymphocytes by employing sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus and comet assay and analyzed its chemical composition by GCxGC-TOF/MS. The anti-growth activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was assessed by using the ATP viability assay. Cell death mode was investigated with fluorescence staining and ELISA assays. The major components of the flower and trunk were determined as eicosane, heptacosane, 2-propen-1-ol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and α-muurolene. HOE caused significant DNA damage at selected doses (250-750 µg/ml) while chromosomal damage was observed at higher concentrations (500 and 750 µg/ml). HOE demonstrated anti-growth activity in a dose-dependent manner between 3.13-100 µg/ml. Pyknotic nuclei were observed at 100 µg/ml concentration of HOE in both cell lines. In conclusion, HOE demonstrated cytotoxic effects in a cell type-dependent manner, however its genotoxic effects were observed at relatively higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmiye Balikci
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarimahmut
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazlihan Aztopal
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zafer Ozel
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey.,Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bursa, Turkey
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The Impact of Coffee and Its Selected Bioactive Compounds on the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer In Vivo and In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123309. [PMID: 30551667 PMCID: PMC6321559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Coffee contains bioactive compounds that affect the human body such as caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, diterpenes, and melanoidins. Some of them have demonstrated potential anticarcinogenic effects in animal models and in human cell cultures, and may play a protective role against colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the USA and other countries. Dietary patterns, as well as the consumption of beverages, may reduce the risk of CRC incidence. In this review, we focus on published epidemiological studies concerning the association of coffee consumption and the risk of development of colorectal cancer, and provide a description of selected biologically active compounds in coffee that have been investigated as potential cancer-combating compounds: Caffeine, caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and kahweol in relation to colorectal cancer progression in in vitro settings. We review the impact of these substances on proliferation, viability, invasiveness, and metastasis, as well as on susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapy of colorectal cancer cell lines cultured in vitro.
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Bender O, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Zengin G, Mollica A, Ceylan R, Molina-García L, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Atalay A. Integration of in vitro and in silico perspectives to explain chemical characterization, biological potential and anticancer effects of Hypericum salsugineum: A pharmacologically active source for functional drug formulations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197815. [PMID: 29864137 PMCID: PMC5986121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Hypericum is one of the most popular genera in both traditional medicine and scientific platform. This study is designed to provide conceptual insights on the biological potential and chemical characterization of H. salsugineum, which is endemic to Turkey. The qualitative and quantitative phenolic content of the extracts was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MSn. Biological efficiency was investigated by enzyme inhibitory assays (cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase) and anti-cancer efficacy tests (anti-proliferative activities with the iCELLigence technology, colony formation and wound healing scratch assays). Phenolic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids) were the predominant group in the studied extracts, although several flavonoids were also detected and quantified. The extracts exhibited good inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and glucosidase, while they had weak ability against cholinesterases and amylase. Computational studies were also performed to explain the interactions between the major phenolics and these enzymes. The extracts displayed significant anti-cancer effects on breast carcinoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that Hypericum salsugineum could be valued as a potential source of biologically-active compounds for designing novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Deparment of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti-Italy
| | - Ramazan Ceylan
- Deparment of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Lucia Molina-García
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chlorogenic acid induces reactive oxygen species generation and inhibits the viability of human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:59-65. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Madunić J, Matulić M, Friščić M, Pilepić KH. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of Hypericum spp. on human glioblastoma A1235 and breast cancer MDA MB-231 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:1157-1163. [PMID: 27458758 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1206385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of 16 Hypericum ethanolic extracts was evaluated by MTT assay on two human cancer cell lines: glioblastoma A1235 and breast cancer MDA MB-231. Morphology and the type of induced cell death were determined using light and fluorescence microscopy. The majority of Hypericum extracts had no significant cytotoxic effect on MDA MB-231 cells. Eight extracts exhibited mild cytotoxic effect on A1235 cells after 24 h incubation, ranging from 8.0% (H. patulum) to 21.7% (H. oblongifolium). After 72 h of treatment, the strongest inhibition of A1235 viability was observed for extracts of H. androsaemum (26.4-43.9%), H. balearicum (25.8-36.3%), H. delphicum (14.8-27.4%) and H. densiflorum (11.2-24.1%). Micro-scopic examination of cells showed apoptosis as the dominant type of cell death. Due to observed high viability of treated cells, we propose that cytotoxic effects of Hypericum extracts could be related to alternations/interruptions in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Madunić
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Maja Matulić
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Maja Friščić
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Kroata Hazler Pilepić
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Jabeur I, Tobaldini F, Martins N, Barros L, Martins I, Calhelha RC, Henriques M, Silva S, Achour L, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactive properties and functional constituents of Hypericum androsaemum L.: A focus on the phenolic profile. Food Res Int 2016; 89:422-431. [PMID: 28460934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum androsaemum L. ethanol:water extract acted as a lipid peroxidation inhibitor and free radical scavenger. A marked inhibition of the growth of breast, lung, cervical and hepatocellular human carcinoma cell lines was also observed, whereas no toxicity was shown against non-tumor porcine liver cells (>400μg/mL). The extract was also effective in inhibiting nitric oxide production, as an indicator of the anti-inflammatory potential. The anti-Candida effects varied among different strains of the same species, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis being the most sensible species with an effect directly related with the extract concentrations tested. A significant anti-biofilm formation potential was also observed, namely for C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (biofilm reduction >90%). 5-O-Caffeoylquinic and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds identified in the extract, and might be related with the observed bioactive effects. Nevertheless, future studies should be carried out to obtain dose-response curves of the isolated active compounds, in order to perform further pre-clinically testing to quantify the presence of the most active compounds in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Jabeur
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Flávia Tobaldini
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ivone Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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An Aqueous Extract of Tuberaria lignosa Inhibits Cell Growth, Alters the Cell Cycle Profile, and Induces Apoptosis of NCI-H460 Tumor Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050595. [PMID: 27164073 PMCID: PMC6273798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberaria lignosa (Sweet) Samp. is found in European regions, and has antioxidant properties due to its composition in ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. Given its traditional use and antioxidant properties, the tumor cell growth inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts from T. lignosa (prepared by infusion and decoction) was investigated in three human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), and HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma). Both extracts inhibited the growth of these cell lines; the most potent one being the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion in the NCI-H460 cells (GI50 of approximately 50 μg/mL). Further assays were carried out with this extract in NCI-H460 cells. At 100 μg/mL or 150 μg/mL it caused an increase in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, these concentrations caused an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. In agreement, a decrease in total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and pro-caspase 3 levels was found. In conclusion, the T. lignosa extract obtained by infusion was more potent in NCI-H460 cells, altering the cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. This work highlights the importance of T. lignosa as a source of bioactive compounds with tumor cell growth inhibitory potential.
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Xavier CP, Pereira-Wilson C. Medicinal plants of the genuses Salvia and Hypericum are sources of anticolon cancer compounds: Effects on PI3K/Akt and MAP kinases pathways. PHARMANUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Caprioli G, Alunno A, Beghelli D, Bianco A, Bramucci M, Frezza C, Iannarelli R, Papa F, Quassinti L, Sagratini G, Tirillini B, Venditti A, Vittori S, Maggi F. Polar Constituents and Biological Activity of the Berry-Like Fruits from Hypericum androsaemum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:232. [PMID: 26973675 PMCID: PMC4771922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum androsaemum, also known as Tutsan, is a small evergreen shrub common in the Mediterranean basin where it is traditionally used as diuretic and hepatoprotective herbal drug. This plant possesses the peculiarity to produce fleshy and berry-like fruits that ripen from red to shiny black. In the present work, the chemical constituents of methanolic extracts and infusions of red and black fruits were analyzed by HPLC, and correlated with their antioxidant properties which were evaluated by the DPPH, β-Carotene/linoleic acid, and hypochlorous acid tests. In addition, the red pigment of the fruit was isolated by column chromatography and structurally elucidated by NMR. Results showed that H. androsaemum fruits contain high amounts of shikimic and chlorogenic acids, while their color was given by a tetraoxygenated-type xanthone, reported for the first time in Hypericum species. The red berries infusion gave the highest content of total phenolic compounds, DPPH, and hypochlorous acid scavenging activity, and β-carotene bleaching. Cytotoxicity of the berries extracts on three human tumor cell lines (malignant melanoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and colon carcinoma) was evaluated by MTT assay, and relevant inhibition on colon carcinoma cells (IC50 value of 8.4 μg/mL) was found. Finally, the effects of red berries extract on the immune system were evaluated by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation assay that revealed a strong stimulation on lymphocytes at low doses (0.4-6 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of CamerinoCamerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Frezza
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, University of CamerinoCamerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of UrbinoUrbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy, University of CamerinoCamerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of CamerinoCamerino, Italy
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Sarimahmut M, Balikci N, Celikler S, Ari F, Ulukaya E, Guleryuz G, Ozel MZ. Evaluation of genotoxic and apoptotic potential of Hypericum adenotrichum Spach. in vitro. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 74:137-46. [PMID: 26617407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum adenotrichum Spach. is an endemic plant from Turkey that is also used in folk medicine. In this study, following analyses of its chemical composition, the genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of the methanol extract of H. adenotrichum in human lymphocyte culture were investigated using in vitro sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus and comet assays. In addition, the anti-growth effect of the extract was investigated in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using MTT and ATP viability assays. The mode of cell death was determined using fluorescence microscopy and biochemical methods. We found that the H. adenotrichum extract demonstrated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in a cell type-dependent manner. At selected doses (125-500 μg/ml), the H. adenotrichum extract exhibited significant genotoxic activity in human lymphocytes, whereas it showed anti-growth effects on cancer cell lines between 0.2 and 100 μg/ml concentrations. The mode of cell death in cancer cells was shown to be apoptosis due to the presence of pyknotic nuclei, the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and/or the activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that H. adenotrichum might show both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects depending on the cell type. This should be taken into account in its use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sarimahmut
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Necmiye Balikci
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Serap Celikler
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Guleryuz
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zafer Ozel
- University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Fan K, Li X, Cao Y, Qi H, Li L, Zhang Q, Sun H. Carvacrol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2015. [PMID: 26214321 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Carvacrol is a major component of oregano and thyme essential oils and shows antitumor properties. Here, we investigated the effects of carvacrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and LoVo, and studied the molecular mechanisms of its antitumor properties. We found that carvacrol inhibited the proliferation and migration of the two colon cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell invasion was suppressed after carvacrol treatment by decreasing the expression of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Carvacrol treatment also caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and decreased cyclin B1 expression. Finally, carvacrol induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. At the molecular level, carvacrol downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular-regulated protein kinase and protein kinase B (p-Akt). In parallel, carvacrol upregulated the expression of Bax and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results indicate that carvacrol might induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Together, our results suggest that carvacrol may have therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Departments of aPathophysiology bPathology and cPharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing dDepartment of Surgery, Fifth Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Lima CF, Costa M, Proença M, Pereira-Wilson C. Novel structurally similar chromene derivatives with opposing effects on p53 and apoptosis mechanisms in colorectal HCT116 cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 72:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mirmalek SA, Azizi MA, Jangholi E, Yadollah-Damavandi S, Javidi MA, Parsa Y, Parsa T, Salimi-Tabatabaee SA, Ghasemzadeh kolagar H, Alizadeh-Navaei R. Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effect of hypericin, the bioactive component of Hypericum perforatum on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 16:3. [PMID: 26865836 PMCID: PMC4748624 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancies among the women that have a high mortality. Previous studies demonstrated that hypericin, a bioactive component of Hypericum perforatum have a cytotoxic effect on the malignant cell lines. However, an anti-carcinogenic activity of hypericin on MCF-7 is uncertain. To investigate the cytotoxic effect of hypericin on MCF-7 cells, a human breast adenocarcinoma cell-line, that resistance to chemotherapy. METHODS The MCF-7 and fibroblast (as normal cell line) were treated with various concentrations of hypericin, and Cisplatin as a positive control for 24 and 48 h. Cytotoxicity activity was measured and confirmed by MTT assay and Trypan blue staining, respectively. In addition, Apoptosis were determined by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide assay. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis for bcl2 and p53 proteins performed to further investigate different expression of these genes in different samples. RESULTS Both cisplatin and the hypericin exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in the MCF-7 cell line. Although the LD50 of the hypericin was significantly lower when compared to cispaltin (5 vs. 20 μg/ml), it continued to decrease the growth rate of the MCF-7 cells when tested at higher concentration than LD50. In contrast, cisplatine, at higher concentration than LD50, completely inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 in 48 h. Regarding Annexin V/Propidium results, treatment of MCF-7 cells with LD50 concentration of cisplatin and hypericin showed 60 and 52 % apoptosis in 24 h, respectively. ICC analysis for bcl2 and p53 also confirmed our results; in treated samples for the dose of LD50 in 24 and 48 h of cisplatin and hypercin, more cells expressed p53 (guardian of cells in front of tumor formation/progression) and less expressed bcl2 (which has anti apoptotic activity) compared to untreated samples. CONCLUSIONS Considering that hypericin showed to be cytotoxic, it seems to be a chemopreventive agent and a good candidate for antineoplastic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abbas Mirmalek
- Department of Surgery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Azizi
- Students’ Research Committee, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jangholi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yekta Parsa
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Research Center, Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Attarimoqaddam Ave, Haqani Ave, Dr. Shariati St, Tehran, P. O. BOX : 19395-1495, Iran
| | - Tina Parsa
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ghasemzadeh kolagar
- Students Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Water extracts of tree Hypericum sps. protect DNA from oxidative and alkylating damage and enhance DNA repair in colon cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 51:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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