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Mohammadrezaei D, Podina L, Silva JD, Kohandel M. Cell viability prediction and optimization in extrusion-based bioprinting via neural network-based Bayesian optimization models. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025016. [PMID: 38128119 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad17cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and cancer modeling have witnessed tremendous growth in the application of 3D bioprinting. Maintaining high cell viability throughout the bioprinting process is crucial for the success of this technology, as it directly affects the accuracy of the 3D bioprinted models, the validity of experimental results, and the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, optimizing bioprinting conditions, which include numerous variables influencing cell viability during and after the procedure, is of utmost importance to achieve desirable results. So far, these optimizations have been accomplished primarily through trial and error and repeating multiple time-consuming and costly experiments. To address this challenge, we initiated the process by creating a dataset of these parameters for gelatin and alginate-based bioinks and the corresponding cell viability by integrating data obtained in our laboratory and those derived from the literature. Then, we developed machine learning models to predict cell viability based on different bioprinting variables. The trained neural network yielded regressionR2value of 0.71 and classification accuracy of 0.86. Compared to models that have been developed so far, the performance of our models is superior and shows great prediction results. The study further introduces a novel optimization strategy that employs the Bayesian optimization model in combination with the developed regression neural network to determine the optimal combination of the selected bioprinting parameters to maximize cell viability and eliminate trial-and-error experiments. Finally, we experimentally validated the optimization model's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Mohammadrezaei
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Podina
- Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johanna De Silva
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Kohandel
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Berndt R, Albrecht M, Rusch R. Strategies to Overcome the Barrier of Ischemic Microenvironment in Cell Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052312. [PMID: 33669136 PMCID: PMC7956787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of various immune cell types are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major limitation of these so-called Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) is the ischemic microenvironment affecting cell homeostasis and limiting the demanded effect of the transplanted cell products. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental strategies have been evolved to overcome these obstacles. Here, we give a short review of the different experimental and clinical strategies to solve these issues due to ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0431)-500-22033; Fax: +49-(0431)-500-22024
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - René Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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3
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Ludwinski FE, Patel AS, Damodaran G, Cho J, Furmston J, Xu Q, Jayasinghe SN, Smith A, Modarai B. Encapsulation of macrophages enhances their retention and angiogenic potential. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:6. [PMID: 30911410 PMCID: PMC6426993 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies to treat critical limb ischaemia have demonstrated only modest results in clinical trials, and this has been partly attributed to poor cell retention following their delivery directly into the ischaemic limb. The aim of this study was to determine whether alginate encapsulation of therapeutic pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages enhances their retention and ultimately improves limb perfusion. A reproducible GMP-compliant method for generating 300 µm alginate capsules was developed to encapsulate pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages. Longitudinal analysis revealed no detrimental effect of encapsulation on cell number or viability in vitro, and macrophages retained their pro-angio/arteriogenic phenotype. Intramuscular delivery of encapsulated macrophages into the murine ischaemic hindlimb demonstrated increased cell retention compared with injection of naked cells (P = 0.0001), and that this was associated both enhanced angiogenesis (P = 0.02) and arteriogenesis (P = 0.03), and an overall improvement in limb perfusion (P = 0.0001). Alginate encapsulation of pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages enhances cell retention and subsequent limb reperfusion in vivo. Encapsulation may therefore represent a means of improving the efficacy of cell-based therapies currently under investigation for the treatment of limb ischaemia. Blood vessel-promoting immune cells stay longer in the body and help promote blood flow to the feet and toes of mice with critical limb ischemia when the therapeutic cells are packaged inside tiny bubbles of a biocompatible seaweed derivative called alginate. A team led by Bijan Modarai from King’s College London, UK, developed a reliable method for placing artery-stimulating macrophage cells inside alginate capsules measuring 300 micrometres in diameter, about the thickness of a postcard. In culture, the alginate coating had no effect on the macrophage viability; and when injected into the muscles of mice with artery blockages to their hindlimbs, the encapsulated cells were retained longer and offered greater therapeutic benefit than uncoated cells. This encapsulation strategy may improve the efficacy of comparable cell-based therapies for humans with limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca E Ludwinski
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashish S Patel
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gopinath Damodaran
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jun Cho
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna Furmston
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- 2King's College London, Vascular Biology Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suwan N Jayasinghe
- 3BioPhysics Group, UCL Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Department of Mechanical Engineering and UCL Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Alberto Smith
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bijan Modarai
- 1King's College London, Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine and BHF Centre of Excellence and the Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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4
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Naqvi SM, Gansau J, Buckley CT. Priming and cryopreservation of microencapsulated marrow stromal cells as a strategy for intervertebral disc regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034106. [PMID: 29380742 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaab7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in using stromal cells for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration is their limited differentiation capacity in vivo without exogenous growth factor (GF) supplementation. Priming of stromal cells prior to transplantation may offer a feasible strategy to overcome this limitation. Furthermore, the ability to cryopreserve cells could help alleviate logistical issues associated with storage and transport. With these critical translational challenges in mind, we aimed to develop a strategy involving priming and subsequent cryopreservation of microencapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In phase one, we utilised the electrohydrodynamic atomisation process to fabricate BMSC-encapsulated microcapsules that were primed with TGF-β3 for 14 d after which they were cultured for a further 21 d under basal or GF supplemented media conditions. Results showed that priming induced differentiation of BMSC microcapsules such that they synthesised significant amounts of sGAG (61.9 ± 2.0 μg and 55.3 ± 6.1 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (24.4 ± 1.9 μg and 55.3 ± 4.6 μg for low and high cell densities) in continued culture without GF supplementation compared to Unprimed microcapsules. Phase two of this work assessed the extracellular matrix forming capacity of Primed BMSC microcapsules over 21 d after cryopreservation. Notably, primed and cryopreserved BMSCs successfully retained the ability to synthesise both sGAG (24.8 ± 2.7 μg and 75.1 ± 11.6 μg for low and high cell densities) and collagen (26.4 ± 7.8 μg and 93.1 ± 10.2 μg for low and high cell densities) post-cryopreservation. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of priming and cryopreservation approaches for IVD repair and could possibly open new horizons for pre-designed, 'off-the-shelf' injectable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda M Naqvi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Qayyum AS, Jain E, Kolar G, Kim Y, Sell SA, Zustiak SP. Design of electrohydrodynamic sprayed polyethylene glycol hydrogel microspheres for cell encapsulation. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025019. [PMID: 28516893 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic spraying (EHS) has recently gained popularity for microencapsulation of cells for applications in cell delivery and tissue engineering. Some of the polymers compatible with EHS are alginate, chitosan, and other similar natural polymers, which are subject to ionotropic or physical gelation. It is desirable to further extend the use of the EHS technique beyond such polymers for wider biofabrication applications. Here, building upon our previous work of making PEG microspheres via EHS, we utilized the principles of EHS to fabricate cell-laden polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel microspheres. The gelation of PEG hydrogel microspheres was achieved by forming covalent crosslinks between multiarm PEG acrylate and dithiol crosslinkers via Michael-type addition. We conducted a detailed investigation of the critical parameters of EHS, such as the applied voltage, inner needle diameter (i.d. needle), and flow rate, to obtain PEG microspheres with high cell viability and tightly-controlled diameters in the range of 70-300 μm. The polydispersity of cell-laden PEG hydrogel microspheres as measured by % coefficient of variation was between 6% and 23% for all conditions tested. We established that our method was compatible with different cell types and that all tested cell types could be encapsulated at high densities of 106-109 and ≥90% encapsulation efficiency. We observed cell aggregation within the hydrogel microspheres at applied voltage >5 kV. Since PEG is a synthetic polymer devoid of cell attachment sites, we could overcome this limitation by tethering Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide to the PEG hydrogel microspheres; upon RGDS tethering, we observed uniform cell dispersion. The microencapsulated cells could be cultured in the PEG hydrogel microspheres of different sizes for up to one week without significant loss in cell viability. In conclusion, the EHS technique developed here could be used to generate cell-laden PEG hydrogel microspheres of controlled sizes for potential applications in cell delivery and organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa S Qayyum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
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6
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Howell DW, Duran CL, Tsai SP, Bondos SE, Bayless KJ. Functionalization of Ultrabithorax Materials with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Enhances Angiogenic Activity. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3558-3569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shang-Pu Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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7
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Naqvi SM, Vedicherla S, Gansau J, McIntyre T, Doherty M, Buckley CT. Living Cell Factories - Electrosprayed Microcapsules and Microcarriers for Minimally Invasive Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5662-5671. [PMID: 26695531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive delivery of "living cell factories" consisting of cells and therapeutic agents has gained wide attention for next generation biomaterial device systems for multiple applications including musculoskeletal tissue regeneration, diabetes and cancer. Cellular-based microcapsules and microcarrier systems offer several attractive features for this particular purpose. One such technology capable of generating these types of systems is electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying. Depending on various parameters, including applied voltage, biomaterial properties (viscosity, conductivity) and needle geometry, complex structures and arrangements can be fabricated for therapeutic strategies. The advances in the use of EHD technology are outlined, specifically in the manipulation of bioactive and dynamic material systems to control size, composition and configuration in the development of minimally invasive micro-scaled biopolymeric systems. The exciting therapeutic applications of this technology, future perspectives and associated challenges are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda M Naqvi
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Srujana Vedicherla
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Gansau
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom McIntyre
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Doherty
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor T Buckley
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Jayasinghe SN, Auguste J, Scotton CJ. Platform Technologies for Directly Reconstructing 3D Living Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7794-7799. [PMID: 26508202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-electrospraying and cell electrospinning is explored for reconstructing living biomaterials for regenerative biology and medicine. The investigations carried out in this study demonstrate these approaches as platform biotechnologies for tissue reconstruction for repair, replacement, and rejuvenation of damaged and/or ageing tissues and/or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan N Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jensen Auguste
- Olaf Pharmaceuticals, Biotech Three, One Innovation Dr, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chris J Scotton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter EX2 4TE, UK
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9
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Ye C, He Z, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Sun B, Ma M, Liu J, Yang L, Ren H, Zhao B. Bio-electrospraying is a safe technology for delivering human adipose-derived stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Lakshmanan R, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Polymeric scaffold aided stem cell therapeutics for cardiac muscle repair and regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1119-34. [PMID: 23982911 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The constantly expanding repository of novel polymers and stem cells has opened up new vistas in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. Successful regeneration of the complex cardiac tissue mainly centres on the appropriate scaffold material with topographical features that mimic the native environment. The integration of stem cells on these scaffolds is expected to enhance the regeneration potential. This review elaborates on the interplay of these vital factors in achieving the functional cardiac tissue. The recent advances in polymers, nanocomposites, and stem cells from different sources are highlighted. Special emphasis is laid on the clinical trials involving stem cells and the state-of-the-art materials to obtain a balanced perspective on the translational potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Lakshmanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Arifin DR, Kedziorek DA, Fu Y, Chan KWY, McMahon MT, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Bulte JWM. Microencapsulated cell tracking. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:850-859. [PMID: 23225358 PMCID: PMC3655121 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of therapeutic cells has been widely pursued to achieve cellular immunoprotection following transplantation. Initial clinical studies have shown the potential of microencapsulation using semi-permeable alginate layers, but much needs to be learned about the optimal delivery route, in vivo pattern of engraftment, and microcapsule stability over time. In parallel with noninvasive imaging techniques for 'naked' (i.e. unencapsulated) cell tracking, microcapsules have now been endowed with contrast agents that can be visualized by (1) H MRI, (19) F MRI, X-ray/computed tomography and ultrasound imaging. By placing the contrast agent formulation in the extracellular space of the hydrogel, large amounts of contrast agents can be incorporated with negligible toxicity. This has led to a new generation of imaging biomaterials that can render cells visible with multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorota A. Kedziorek
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yingli Fu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R. Weiss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dara L. Kraitchman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Amoroso NJ, D'Amore A, Hong Y, Rivera CP, Sacks MS, Wagner WR. Microstructural manipulation of electrospun scaffolds for specific bending stiffness for heart valve tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4268-77. [PMID: 22890285 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable thermoplastic elastomers are attractive for application in cardiovascular tissue construct development due to their amenability to a wide range of physical property tuning. For heart valve leaflets, while low flexural stiffness is a key design feature, control of this parameter has been largely neglected in the scaffold literature where electrospinning is being utilized. This study evaluated the effect of processing variables and secondary fiber populations on the microstructure, tensile and bending mechanics of electrospun biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering. Scaffolds were fabricated from poly(ester urethane) urea (PEUU) and the deposition mandrel was translated at varying rates in order to modify fiber intersection density. Scaffolds were also fabricated in conjunction with secondary fiber populations designed either for mechanical reinforcement or to be selectively removed following fabrication. It was determined that increasing fiber intersection densities within PEUU scaffolds was associated with lower bending moduli. Further, constructs fabricated with stiff secondary fiber populations had higher bending moduli whereas constructs with secondary fiber populations which were selectively removed had noticeably lower bending moduli. Insights gained from this work will be directly applicable to the fabrication of soft tissue constructs, specifically in the development of cardiac valve tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Amoroso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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