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Zhang XP, Zou WB, Li ZQ, Yu ZT, Yu SB, Lin ZY, Wu FF, Liu PJ, Hu MG, Liu R, Gao YZ. The heterogeneity of cellular metabolism in the tumour microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumour thrombus. Cell Prolif 2024:e13738. [PMID: 39189673 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the growing interest in the metabolic heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT). This study comprehensively analysed the metabolic heterogeneity of HCC, PVTT, and normal liver samples using multi-omics combinations. A single-cell RNA sequencing dataset encompassing six major cell types was obtained for integrated analysis. The optimal subtypes were identified using cluster stratification and validated using spatial transcriptomics and fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry. Then, a combined index based meta-cluster was calculated to verify its prognostic significance using multi-omics data from public cohorts. Our study first depicted the metabolic heterogeneity landscape of non-malignant cells in HCC and PVTT at multiomics levels. The optimal subtypes interpret the metabolic characteristics of PVTT formation and development. The combined index provided effective predictions of prognosis and immunotherapy responses. Patients with a higher combined index had a relatively poor prognosis (p <0.001). We also found metabolism of polyamines was a key metabolic pathway involved in conversion of metabolic heterogeneity in HCC and PVTT, and identified ODC1 was significantly higher expressed in PVTT compared to normal tissue (p =0.03). Our findings revealed both consistency and heterogeneity in the metabolism of non-malignant cells in HCC and PVTT. The risk stratification based on cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid cells conduce to predict prognosis and guide treatment. This offers new directions for understanding disease development and immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zou
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, No.924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Tao Yu
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Bo Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Lin
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fan Wu
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Jiong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Gen Hu
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Peyton SR, Platt MO, Cukierman E. Challenges and Opportunities Modeling the Dynamic Tumor Matrisome. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0006. [PMID: 37849664 PMCID: PMC10521682 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We need novel strategies to target the complexity of cancer and, particularly, of metastatic disease. As an example of this complexity, certain tissues are particularly hospitable environments for metastases, whereas others do not contain fertile microenvironments to support cancer cell growth. Continuing evidence that the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is one of a host of factors necessary to support cancer cell growth at both primary and secondary tissue sites is emerging. Research on cancer metastasis has largely been focused on the molecular adaptations of tumor cells in various cytokine and growth factor environments on 2-dimensional tissue culture polystyrene plates. Intravital imaging, conversely, has transformed our ability to watch, in real time, tumor cell invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and growth. Because the interstitial ECM that supports all cells in the tumor microenvironment changes over time scales outside the possible window of typical intravital imaging, bioengineers are continuously developing both simple and sophisticated in vitro controlled environments to study tumor (and other) cell interactions with this matrix. In this perspective, we focus on the cellular unit responsible for upholding the pathologic homeostasis of tumor-bearing organs, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and their self-generated ECM. The latter, together with tumoral and other cell secreted factors, constitute the "tumor matrisome". We share the challenges and opportunities for modeling this dynamic CAF/ECM unit, the tools and techniques available, and how the tumor matrisome is remodeled (e.g., via ECM proteases). We posit that increasing information on tumor matrisome dynamics may lead the field to alternative strategies for personalized medicine outside genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling & Microenvironment Program, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ambattu LA, Gelmi A, Yeo LY. Short-Duration High Frequency MegaHertz-Order Nanomechanostimulation Drives Early and Persistent Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106823. [PMID: 35023629 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate can be directed through the application of various external physical stimuli, enabling a controlled approach to targeted differentiation. Studies involving the use of dynamic mechanical cues driven by vibrational excitation to date have, however, been limited to low frequency (Hz to kHz) forcing over extended durations (typically continuous treatment for >7 days). Contrary to previous assertions that there is little benefit in applying frequencies beyond 1 kHz, we show here that high frequency MHz-order mechanostimulation in the form of nanoscale amplitude surface reflected bulk waves are capable of triggering differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from various donor sources toward an osteoblast lineage, with early, short time stimuli inducing long-term osteogenic commitment. More specifically, rapid treatments (10 min daily over 5 days) of the high frequency (10 MHz) mechanostimulation are shown to trigger significant upregulation in early osteogenic markers (RUNX2, COL1A1) and sustained increase in late markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin) through a mechanistic pathway involving piezo channel activation and Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. Given the miniaturizability and low cost of the devices, the possibility for upscaling the platform toward practical bioreactors, to address a pressing need for more efficient stem cell differentiation technologies in the pursuit of translatable regenerative medicine strategies, is ensivaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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Sickle cell disease promotes sex-dependent pathological bone loss through enhanced cathepsin proteolytic activity. Blood Adv 2021; 6:1381-1393. [PMID: 34547771 PMCID: PMC8905708 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age- and sex-dependent bone loss occurs in a Townes mouse model of SCD, with female mice more prone to trabecular bone loss. Reduced cathepsin activity leads to increased thickness and density of cortical and trabecular bone in the Townes mouse model of SCD.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary blood disorder in the United States. SCD is frequently associated with osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, osteopenia, and other bone-related complications such as vaso-occlusive pain, ischemic damage, osteomyelitis, and bone marrow hyperplasia known as sickle bone disease (SBD). Previous SBD models have failed to distinguish the age- and sex-specific characteristics of bone morphometry. In this study, we use the Townes mouse model of SCD to assess the pathophysiological complications of SBD in both SCD and sickle cell trait. Changes in bone microarchitecture and bone development were assessed by using high-resolution quantitative micro–computed tomography and the three-dimensional reconstruction of femurs from male and female mice. Our results indicate that SCD causes bone loss and sex-dependent anatomical changes in bone. SCD female mice in particular are prone to trabecular bone loss, whereas cortical bone degradation occurs in both sexes. We also describe the impact of genetic knockdown of cathepsin K– and E-64–mediated cathepsin inhibition on SBD.
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Ratri MC, Brilian AI, Setiawati A, Nguyen HT, Soum V, Shin K. Recent Advances in Regenerative Tissue Fabrication: Tools, Materials, and Microenvironment in Hierarchical Aspects. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cahyaning Ratri
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Albertus Ivan Brilian
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Agustina Setiawati
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Pharmacy Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia
| | - Huong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Veasna Soum
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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Douglas SA, Haase K, Kamm RD, Platt MO. Cysteine cathepsins are altered by flow within an engineered in vitro microvascular niche. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:046102. [PMID: 33195960 PMCID: PMC7644274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the process of vascular growth and remodeling, the extracellular matrix (ECM) concurrently undergoes significant changes due to proteolytic activity—regulated by both endothelial and surrounding stromal cells. The role of matrix metalloproteinases has been well-studied in the context of vascular remodeling, but other proteases, such as cysteine cathepsins, could also facilitate ECM remodeling. To investigate cathepsin-mediated proteolysis in vascular ECM remodeling, and to understand the role of shear flow in this process, in vitro microvessels were cultured in previously designed microfluidic chips and assessed by immunostaining, zymography, and western blotting. Primary human vessels (HUVECs and fibroblasts) were conditioned by continuous fluid flow and/or small molecule inhibitors to probe cathepsin expression and activity. Luminal flow (in contrast to static culture) decreases the activity of cathepsins in microvessel systems, despite a total protein increase, due to a concurrent increase in the endogenous inhibitor cystatin C. Observations also demonstrate that cathepsins mostly co-localize with fibroblasts, and that fibrin (the hydrogel substrate) may stabilize cathepsin activity in the system. Inhibitor studies suggest that control over cathepsin-mediated ECM remodeling could contribute to improved maintenance of in vitro microvascular networks; however, further investigation is required. Understanding the role of cathepsin activity in in vitro microvessels and other engineered tissues will be important for future regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Douglas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Trac D, Hoffman JR, Bheri S, Maxwell JT, Platt MO, Davis ME. Predicting Functional Responses of Progenitor Cell Exosome Potential with Computational Modeling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1212-1221. [PMID: 31385648 PMCID: PMC6811701 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease can lead to severe right ventricular heart failure (RVHF). We have shown that aggregated c‐kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs) can improve RVHF repair, likely due to exosome‐mediated effects. Here, we demonstrate that miRNA content from monolayer (2D) and aggregated (3D) CPC exosomes can be related to in vitro angiogenesis and antifibrosis responses using partial least squares regression (PLSR). PLSR reduced the dimensionality of the data set to the top 40 miRNAs with the highest weighted coefficients for the in vitro biological responses. Target pathway analysis of these top 40 miRNAs demonstrated significant fit to cardiac angiogenesis and fibrosis pathways. Although the model was trained on in vitro data, we demonstrate that the model can predict angiogenesis and fibrosis responses to exosome treatment in vivo with a strong correlation with published in vivo responses. These studies demonstrate that PLSR modeling of exosome miRNA content has the potential to inform preclinical trials and predict new promising CPC therapies. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1212–1221
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Affiliation(s)
- David Trac
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sruti Bheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Children's Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Thavornyutikarn B, Wright PFA, Feltis B, Kosorn W, Turney TW. Bisphosphonate activation of crystallized bioglass scaffolds for enhanced bone formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109937. [PMID: 31499956 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts has a critical effect on bone remodelling processes, and resultant bone quality. Bone scaffolds combined with anti-resorptive bisphosphonate drugs are a promising approach to achieving bone regeneration. Here, we have examined the synergistic effects of the bisphosphonate alendronate (ALD) coated onto calcium phosphate (CaP) modified, sintered bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) scaffolds, on osteoblast stimulation and osteoclast inhibition. After BG pre-treatment with ALD (10-8 M) for 5 days, human MG-63 osteoblasts displayed increased cellular proliferation and significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), in comparison with a non-ALD control BG. In contrast, human THP-1-derived osteoclasts cultured with 10-8 M ALD pretreated BG scaffolds showed a significant decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity, and morphological changes indicative of functional inhibition, including reduced cell size and disruption of the osteoclast sealing zone (F-actin rings). These findings indicate that ALD-coated BG scaffolds promote osteoblast activity and inhibit osteoclast function to enhance bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonlom Thavornyutikarn
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Paul F A Wright
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Bryce Feltis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Wasana Kosorn
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Terence W Turney
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Mayourian J, Ceholski DK, Gonzalez DM, Cashman TJ, Sahoo S, Hajjar RJ, Costa KD. Physiologic, Pathologic, and Therapeutic Paracrine Modulation of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Circ Res 2019; 122:167-183. [PMID: 29301848 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the orchestrated process of initial myocyte electrical excitation, which leads to calcium entry, intracellular trafficking, and subsequent sarcomere shortening and myofibrillar contraction. Neurohumoral β-adrenergic signaling is a well-established mediator of ECC; other signaling mechanisms, such as paracrine signaling, have also demonstrated significant impact on ECC but are less well understood. For example, resident heart endothelial cells are well-known physiological paracrine modulators of cardiac myocyte ECC mainly via NO and endothelin-1. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated other resident noncardiomyocyte heart cells (eg, physiological fibroblasts and pathological myofibroblasts), and even experimental cardiotherapeutic cells (eg, mesenchymal stem cells) are also capable of altering cardiomyocyte ECC through paracrine mechanisms. In this review, we first focus on the paracrine-mediated effects of resident and therapeutic noncardiomyocytes on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, electrophysiology, and calcium handling, each of which can modulate ECC, and then discuss the current knowledge about key paracrine factors and their underlying mechanisms of action. Next, we provide a case example demonstrating the promise of tissue-engineering approaches to study paracrine effects on tissue-level contractility. More specifically, we present new functional and molecular data on the effects of human adult cardiac fibroblast conditioned media on human engineered cardiac tissue contractility and ion channel gene expression that generally agrees with previous murine studies but also suggests possible species-specific differences. By contrast, paracrine secretions by human dermal fibroblasts had no discernible effect on human engineered cardiac tissue contractile function and gene expression. Finally, we discuss systems biology approaches to help identify key stem cell paracrine mediators of ECC and their associated mechanistic pathways. Such integration of tissue-engineering and systems biology methods shows promise to reveal novel insights into paracrine mediators of ECC and their underlying mechanisms of action, ultimately leading to improved cell-based therapies for patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mayourian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - David M Gonzalez
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Timothy J Cashman
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kevin D Costa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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10
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Shockey WA, Kieslich CA, Wilder CL, Watson V, Platt MO. Dynamic Model of Protease State and Inhibitor Trafficking to Predict Protease Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:275-288. [PMID: 31719914 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cysteine cathepsins are implicated in breast cancer progression, produced by both transformed epithelial cells and infiltrated stromal cells in tumors, but to date, no cathepsin inhibitor has been approved for clinical use due to unexpected side effects. This study explores cellular feedback to cathepsin inhibitors that might yield non-intuitive responses, and uses computational models to determine underlying cathepsin-inhibitor dynamics. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells treated with E64 were tested by multiplex cathepsin zymography and immunoblotting to quantify total, active, and inactive cathepsins S and L. This data was used to parameterize mathematical models of intracellular free and inhibited cathepsins, and then applied to a dynamic model predicting cathepsin responses to other classes of cathepsin inhibitors that have also failed clinical trials. Results E64 treated cells exhibited increased amounts of active cathepsin S and reduced amount of active cathepsin L, although E64 binds tightly to both. This inhibitor response was not unique to cancer cells or any one cell type, suggesting an underlying fundamental mechanism of E64 preserving activity of cathepsin S, but not cathepsin L. Computational models were able to predict and differentiate between inhibitor-bound, active, and inactive cathepsin species and demonstrate how different classes of cathepsin inhibitors can have drastically divergent effects on active cathepsins located in different intracellular compartments. Conclusions Together, this work has important implications for the development of mathematical model systems for protease inhibition in tissue destructive diseases, and consideration of preservation mechanisms by inhibitors that could alter perceived benefits of these treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Shockey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Suite 3015, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Christopher A Kieslich
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Suite 3015, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Catera L Wilder
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Suite 3015, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Valencia Watson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Suite 3015, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Suite 3015, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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Integrative genomic analysis predicts novel functional enhancer-SNPs for bone mineral density. Hum Genet 2019; 138:167-185. [PMID: 30656451 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. To identify novel genetic loci underlying osteoporosis, an effective strategy is to focus on scanning of variants with high potential functional impacts. Enhancers play a crucial role in regulating cell-type-specific transcription. Therefore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in enhancers (enhancer-SNPs) may represent strong candidate functional variants. Here, we performed a targeted analysis for potential functional enhancer-SNPs that may affect gene expression and biological processes in bone-related cells, specifically, osteoblasts, and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs), using five independent cohorts (n = 5905) and the genetics factors for osteoporosis summary statistics, followed by comprehensive integrative genomic analyses of chromatin states, transcription, and metabolites. We identified 15 novel enhancer-SNPs associated with femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD, including 5 SNPs mapped to novel genes (e.g., rs10840343 and rs10770081 in IGF2 gene) and 10 novel SNPs mapped to known BMD-associated genes (e.g., rs2941742 in ESR1 gene, and rs10249092 and rs4342522 in SHFM1 gene). Interestingly, enhancer-SNPs rs10249092 and rs4342522 in SHFM1 were tightly linked, but annotated to different enhancers in PBMs and osteoblasts, respectively, suggesting that even tightly linked SNPs may regulate the same target gene and contribute to the phenotype variation in cell-type-specific manners. Importantly, ten enhancer-SNPs may also regulate BMD variation by affecting the serum metabolite levels. Our findings revealed novel susceptibility loci that may regulate BMD variation and provided intriguing insights into the genetic mechanisms of osteoporosis.
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12
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Qiu C, Shen H, Fu X, Xu C, Deng H. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Functional CpG-SNPs Associated with Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:6407257. [PMID: 30159320 PMCID: PMC6109501 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6407257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health issue, which is mostly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci underlying BMD variation, an effective strategy is to focus on testing of specific variants with high potential of functional effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that introduce or disrupt CpG dinucleotides (CpG-SNPs) may alter DNA methylation levels and thus represent strong candidate functional variants. Here, we performed a targeted GWAS for 63,627 potential functional CpG-SNPs that may affect DNA methylation in bone-related cells, in five independent cohorts (n = 5905). By meta-analysis, 9 CpG-SNPs achieved a genome-wide significance level (p < 7.86 × 10-7) for association with lumbar spine BMD and additional 15 CpG-SNPs showed suggestive significant (p < 5.00 × 10-5) association, of which 2 novel SNPs rs7231498 (NFATC1) and rs7455028 (ESR1) also reached a genome-wide significance level in the joint analysis. Several identified CpG-SNPs were mapped to genes that have not been reported for association with BMD in previous GWAS, such as NEK3 and NFATC1 genes, highlighting the enhanced power of targeted association analysis for identification of novel associations that were missed by traditional GWAS. Interestingly, several genomic regions, such as NEK3 and LRP5 regions, contained multiple significant/suggestive CpG-SNPs for lumbar spine BMD, suggesting that multiple neighboring CpG-SNPs may synergistically mediate the DNA methylation level and gene expression pattern of target genes. Furthermore, functional annotation analyses suggested a strong regulatory potential of the identified BMD-associated CpG-SNPs and a significant enrichment in biological processes associated with protein localization and protein signal transduction. Our results provided novel insights into the genetic basis of BMD variation and highlighted the close connections between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qiu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans 70112, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Douglas SA, Lamothe SE, Singleton TS, Averett RD, Platt MO. Human cathepsins K, L, and S: Related proteases, but unique fibrinolytic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1925-1932. [PMID: 29944896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrin formation and dissolution are attributed to cascades of protease activation concluding with thrombin activation, and plasmin proteolysis for fibrin breakdown. Cysteine cathepsins are powerful proteases secreted by endothelial cells and others during cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Their fibrinolytic activity and putative role in hemostasis has not been well described. METHODS Fibrin gels were polymerized and incubated with recombinant human cathepsins (cat) K, L, or S, or plasmin, for dose-dependent and time-dependent studies. Dissolution of fibrin gels was imaged. SDS-PAGE was used to resolve cleaved fragments released from fibrin gels and remnant insoluble fibrin gel that was solubilized prior to electrophoresis to assess fibrin α, β, and γ polypeptide hydrolysis by cathepsins. Multiplex cathepsin zymography determined active amounts of cathepsins remaining. RESULTS There was significant loss of α and β fibrin polypeptides after incubation with cathepsins, with catS completely dissolving fibrin gel by 24 h. Binding to fibrin stabilized catL active time; it associated with cleaved fibrin fragments of multiple sizes. This was not observed for catK or S. CatS also remained active for longer times during fibrin incubation, but its association/binding did not withstand SDS-PAGE preparation. CONCLUSIONS Human cathepsins K, L, and S are fibrinolytic, and specifically can degrade the α and β fibrin polypeptide chains, generating fragments unique from plasmin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Demonstration of cathepsins K, L, and S fibrinolytic activity leads to further investigation of contributory roles in disrupting vascular hemostasis, or breakdown of fibrin-based engineered vascular constructs where non-plasmin mediated fibrinolysis must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Douglas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, USA.
| | - Sarah E Lamothe
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, USA.
| | - Tatiyanna S Singleton
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, USA.
| | - Rodney D Averett
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, USA.
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, USA.
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14
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Su YJ, Chen CT, Tsai NW, Huang CC, Wang HC, Kung CT, Lin WC, Cheng BC, Su CM, Hsiao SY, Lu CH. The Role of Monocyte Percentage in Osteoporosis in Male Rheumatic Diseases. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:1772-1780. [PMID: 28901203 PMCID: PMC5675259 DOI: 10.1177/1557988317721642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is easily overlooked in male patients, especially in the field of rheumatic diseases mostly prevalent with female patients, and its link to pathogenesis is still lacking. Attenuated monocyte apoptosis from a transcriptome-wide expression study illustrates the role of monocytes in osteoporosis. This study tested the hypothesis that the monocyte percentage among leukocytes could be a biomarker of osteoporosis in rheumatic diseases. Eighty-seven males with rheumatic diseases were evaluated in rheumatology outpatient clinics for bone mineral density (BMD) and surrogate markers, such as routine peripheral blood parameters and autoantibodies. From the total number of 87 patients included in this study, only 15 met the criteria for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Both age and monocyte percentage remained independently associated with the presence of osteoporosis. Steroid dose (equivalent prednisolone dose) was negatively associated with BMD of the hip area and platelet counts were negatively associated with BMD and T score of the spine area. Besides age, monocyte percentage meets the major requirements for osteoporosis in male rheumatic diseases. A higher monocyte percentage in male rheumatic disease patients, aged over 50 years in this study, and BMD study should be considered in order to reduce the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jih Su
- 1 Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao Tung Chen
- 2 Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsai
- 3 Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Huang
- 3 Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Wang
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- 6 Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Chung Cheng
- 1 Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Su
- 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Hsiao
- 5 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- 3 Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,8 Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, China
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15
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Kalxdorf M, Gade S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Monitoring Cell-surface N-Glycoproteome Dynamics by Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Mechanistic Insights into Macrophage Differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:770-785. [PMID: 28336715 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane proteome plays a crucial role in inter- and intracellular signaling, cell survival, and cell identity. As such, it is a prominent target for pharmacological intervention. The relatively low abundance of this subproteome in conjunction with challenging extractability and solubility still hampers its comprehensive analysis. Here, we combined a chemical glycoprotein-tagging strategy with mass spectrometry to enable comprehensive analysis of the cell-surface glycoproteome. To benchmark this workflow and to provide guidance for cell line selection for functional experiments, we generated an inventory of the N-linked cell-surface glycoproteomes of 15 standard laboratory human cell lines and three primary lymphocytic cell types. On average, about 900 plasma membrane and secreted proteins were identified per experiment, including more than 300 transporters and ion channels. Primary cells displayed distinct expression of surface markers and transporters underpinning the importance of carefully validating model cell lines selected for the study of cell surface-mediated processes. To monitor dynamic changes of the cell-surface proteome in a highly multiplexed experiment, we employed an isobaric mass tag-based chemical labeling strategy. This enabled the time-resolved analysis of plasma membrane protein presentation during differentiation of the monocytic suspension cell line THP-1 into macrophage-like adherent cells. Time-dependent changes observed in membrane protein presentation reflect functional remodeling during the phenotypic transition in three distinct phases: rapid surface presentation and secretion of proteins from intracellular pools concurrent with rapid internalization of no longer needed proteins and finally delayed presentation of newly synthesized macrophage markers. Perturbation of this process using marketed receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors revealed dasatinib to severely compromise macrophage differentiation due to an off-target activity. This finding suggests that dynamic processes can be highly vulnerable to drug treatment and should be monitored more rigorously to identify adverse drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kalxdorf
- From ‡Cellzome, A GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Gade
- From ‡Cellzome, A GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Christian Eberl
- From ‡Cellzome, A GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- From ‡Cellzome, A GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Fan X, Zhu L, Wang K, Wang B, Wu Y, Xie W, Huang C, Chan BP, Du Y. Stiffness-Controlled Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Cell Harvesting with Sustained Mechanical Memory. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28105774 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most mechanobiological investigations focused on in situ mechanical regulation of cells on stiffness-controlled substrates with few downstream applications, as it is still challenging to harvest and expand mechanically primed cells by enzymatic digestion (e.g., trypsin) without interrupting cellular mechanical memory between passages. This study develops thermoresponsive hydrogels with controllable stiffness to generate mechanically primed cells with intact mechanical memory for augmented wound healing. No significant cellular property alteration of the fibroblasts primed on thermoresponsive hydrogels with varied stiffness has been observed through thermoresponsive harvesting. When reseeding the harvested cells for further evaluation, softer hydrogels are proven to better sustain the mechanical priming effects compared to rigid tissue culture plate, which indicates that both the stiffness-controlled substrate and thermoresponsive harvesting are required to sustain cellular mechanical memory between passages. Moreover, epigenetics analysis reveals that thermoresponsive harvesting could reduce the rearrangement and loss of chromatin proteins compared to that of trypsinization. In vivo wound healing using mechanically primed fibroblasts shows featured epithelium and sebaceous glands, which indicates augmented skin recovery compared with trypsinized fibroblasts. Thus, the thermoresponsive hydrogel-based cell harvesting system offers a powerful tool to investigate mechanobiology between cell passages and produces abundant cells with tailored mechanical priming properties for cell-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Joint Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University-Peking University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Institute of Medical Equipment; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Tianjin 300161 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- School of Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wei Xie
- Joint Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University-Peking University; Beijing 100084 China
- School of Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Department of Plastic; Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Tsinghua University; Beijing 102218 China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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17
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Kumar S, Raj S, Sarkar K, Chatterjee K. Engineering a multi-biofunctional composite using poly(ethylenimine) decorated graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6820-36. [PMID: 26955801 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toward preparing strong multi-biofunctional materials, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) conjugated graphene oxide (GO_PEI) was synthesized using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a spacer and incorporated in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at different fractions. GO_PEI significantly promoted the proliferation and formation of focal adhesions in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on PCL. GO_PEI was highly potent in inducing stem cell osteogenesis leading to near doubling of alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization over neat PCL with 5% filler content and was ≈50% better than GO. Remarkably, 5% GO_PEI was as potent as soluble osteoinductive factors. Increased adsorption of osteogenic factors due to the amine and oxygen containing functional groups on GO_PEI augment stem cell differentiation. GO_PEI was also highly efficient in imparting bactericidal activity with 85% reduction in counts of E. coli colonies compared to neat PCL at 5% filler content and was more than twice as efficient as GO. This may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the sharp edges of the particles along with the presence of the different chemical moieties. Thus, GO_PEI based polymer composites can be utilized to prepare bioactive resorbable biomaterials as an alternative to using labile biomolecules for fabricating orthopedic devices for fracture fixation and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Shammy Raj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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18
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Haider A, Versace DL, Gupta KC, Kang IK. Pamidronic acid-grafted nHA/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffolds suppress osteoclastic cell viability and enhance osteoblastic cell activity. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7596-7604. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling osteoclast activity helps in prevention of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Haider
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
- Nano, Medical and Polymers Materials Department
| | - Davy-louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est
- EquipeSystèmesPolymères Complexes
- UMR 7182
- CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
- 94320 Thiais
| | | | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- Republic of Korea
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19
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Tatman PD, Gerull W, Sweeney-Easter S, Davis JI, Gee AO, Kim DH. Multiscale Biofabrication of Articular Cartilage: Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015. [PMID: 26200439 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is the load-bearing tissue found inside all articulating joints of the body. It vastly reduces friction and allows for smooth gliding between contacting surfaces. The structure of articular cartilage matrix and cellular composition is zonal and is important for its mechanical properties. When cartilage becomes injured through trauma or disease, it has poor intrinsic healing capabilities. The spectrum of cartilage injury ranges from isolated areas of the joint to diffuse breakdown and the clinical appearance of osteoarthritis. Current clinical treatment options remain limited in their ability to restore cartilage to its normal functional state. This review focuses on the evolution of biomaterial scaffolds that have been used for functional cartilage tissue engineering. In particular, we highlight recent developments in multiscale biofabrication approaches attempting to recapitulate the complex 3D matrix of native articular cartilage tissue. Additionally, we focus on the application of these methods to engineering each zone of cartilage and engineering full-thickness osteochondral tissues for improved clinical implantation. These methods have shown the potential to control individual cell-to-scaffold interactions and drive progenitor cell differentiation into a chondrocyte lineage. The use of these bioinspired nanoengineered scaffolds hold promise for recreation of structure and function on the whole tissue level and may represent exciting new developments for future clinical applications for cartilage injury and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip David Tatman
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - William Gerull
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Sean Sweeney-Easter
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey Isaac Davis
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Albert O Gee
- 2 Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.,3 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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20
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Porter KM, Wieser FA, Wilder CL, Sidell N, Platt MO. Cathepsin Protease Inhibition Reduces Endometriosis Lesion Establishment. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:623-9. [PMID: 26482207 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115611752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecologic disease characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue on organs within the peritoneal cavity, causing debilitating abdominal pain and infertility. Current treatments alleviate moderate pain symptoms associated with the disorder but exhibit limited ability to prevent new or recurring lesion establishment and growth. Retrograde menstruation has been implicated for introducing endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity, but molecular mechanisms underlying attachment and invasion are not fully understood. We hypothesize that cysteine cathepsins, a group of powerful extracellular matrix proteases, facilitate endometrial tissue invasion and endometriosis lesion establishment in the peritoneal wall and inhibiting this activity would decrease endometriosis lesion implantation. To test this, we used an immunocompetent endometriosis mouse model and found that endometriotic lesions exhibited a greater than 5-fold increase in active cathepsins compared to tissue from peritoneal wall or eutopic endometrium, with cathepsins L and K specifically implicated. Human endometriosis lesions also exhibited greater cathepsin activity than adjacent peritoneum tissue, supporting the mouse results. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting cathepsin activity could block endometriosis lesion attachment and implantation in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of the broad cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, E-64, significantly reduced the number of attached endometriosis lesions in our murine model compared to vehicle-treated controls demonstrating that cathepsin proteases contribute to endometriosis lesion establishment, and their inhibition may provide a novel, nonhormonal therapy for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi M Porter
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Friedrich A Wieser
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Catera L Wilder
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Neil Sidell
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA
| | - Manu O Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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Monocyte-derived macrophage assisted breast cancer cell invasion as a personalized, predictive metric to score metastatic risk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13855. [PMID: 26349896 PMCID: PMC4563359 DOI: 10.1038/srep13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-to-patient variability in breast cancer progression complicates clinical treatment decisions. Of women undergoing prophylactic mastectomies, many may not have progressed to indolent forms of disease and could have benefited from milder, localized therapy. Tumor associated macrophages contribute significantly to tumor invasion and metastasis, with cysteine cathepsin proteases as important contributors. Here, a method is demonstrated by which variability in macrophage expression of cysteine cathepsins, their inhibitor cystatin C, and kinase activation can be used to train a multivariate model and score patients for invasion risk. These enzymatic profiles were used to predict macrophage-assisted MCF-7 breast cancer cell invasion in the trained computational model. To test these predictions, a priori, signals from monocytes isolated from women undergoing mastectomies were input to score their cancer invasion potential in a patient-specific manner, and successfully predicted that patient monocytes with highest predicted invasion indices matched those with more invasive initial diagnoses of the nine patients tested. Together this establishes proof-of-principle that personalized information acquired from minimally invasive blood draws may provide useful information to inform oncologists and patients of invasive/metastatic risk, helping to make decisions regarding radical mastectomy or milder, conservative treatments to save patients from hardship and surgical recovery.
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22
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Seto SP, Parks AN, Qiu Y, Soslowsky LJ, Karas S, Platt MO, Temenoff JS. Cathepsins in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Identification in Human Chronic Tears and Temporal Induction in a Rat Model. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2036-46. [PMID: 25558848 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While overuse of the supraspinatus tendon is a leading factor in rotator cuff injury, the underlying biochemical changes have not been fully elucidated. In this study, torn human rotator cuff (supraspinatus) tendon tissue was analyzed for the presence of active cathepsin proteases with multiplex cysteine cathepsin zymography. In addition, an overuse injury to supraspinatus tendons was induced through downhill running in an established rat model. Histological analysis demonstrated that structural damage occurred by 8 weeks of overuse compared to control rats in the region of tendon insertion into bone. In both 4- and 8-week overuse groups, via zymography, there was approximately a 180% increase in cathepsin L activity at the insertion region compared to the controls, while no difference was found in the midsubstance area. Additionally, an over 400% increase in cathepsin K activity was observed for the insertion region of the 4-week overused tendons. More cathepsin K and L immunostaining was observed at the insertion region of the overuse groups compared to controls. These results provide important information on a yet unexplored mechanism for tendon degeneration that may operate alone or in conjunction with other proteases to contribute to chronic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song P Seto
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA,
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23
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Takahashi S, Sugimoto N. Pressure-dependent formation of i-motif and G-quadruplex DNA structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31004-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04727g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pressure is an important physical stimulus that can influence the fate of cells by causing structural changes in biomolecules such as DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Takahashi
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - N. Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
- Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
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24
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Tieu R, Amancha PK, Villinger F, Byrareddy SN. TIM-3, a Possible Target for Immunotherapy in Cancer and Chronic Viral Infections. AUSTIN VIROLOGY AND RETRO VIROLOGY 2014; 1:6. [PMID: 26539564 PMCID: PMC4629856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effector T-cell responses are controlled by complex mechanisms involving various soluble factors and co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules. These inhibitory receptors act as immune checkpoints and are extensively investigated as possible therapeutic targets, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. Recently TIM-3 is also gaining prominence in tumor and chronic viral infection models as a candidate for immunotherapy in conjunction with other inhibitory receptors. This review discusses the recent findings on the expression of TIM-3 and its ligand in tumor and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Tieu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Amancha
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA
| | - François Villinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
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25
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Gray WD, French KM, Ghosh-Choudhary S, Maxwell JT, Brown ME, Platt MO, Searles CD, Davis ME. Identification of therapeutic covariant microRNA clusters in hypoxia-treated cardiac progenitor cell exosomes using systems biology. Circ Res 2014; 116:255-63. [PMID: 25344555 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death in developed nations, and there remains a need for cardiac therapeutic systems that mitigate tissue damage. Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and other stem cell types are attractive candidates for treatment of myocardial infarction; however, the benefit of these cells may be as a result of paracrine effects. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that CPCs secrete proregenerative exosomes in response to hypoxic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The angiogenic and antifibrotic potential of secreted exosomes on cardiac endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts were assessed. We found that CPC exosomes secreted in response to hypoxia enhanced tube formation of endothelial cells and decreased profibrotic gene expression in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts, indicating that these exosomes possess therapeutic potential. Microarray analysis of exosomes secreted by hypoxic CPCs identified 11 miRNAs that were upregulated compared with exosomes secreted by CPCs grown under normoxic conditions. Principle component analysis was performed to identify miRNAs that were coregulated in response to distinct exosome-generating conditions. To investigate the cue-signal-response relationships of these miRNA clusters with a physiological outcome of tube formation or fibrotic gene expression, partial least squares regression analysis was applied. The importance of each up- or downregulated miRNA on physiological outcomes was determined. Finally, to validate the model, we delivered exosomes after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exosomes from hypoxic CPCs improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a foundation for subsequent research of the use of exosomal miRNA and systems biology as therapeutic strategies for the damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D Gray
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Kristin M French
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Shohini Ghosh-Choudhary
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Milton E Brown
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Manu O Platt
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Charles D Searles
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.)
| | - Michael E Davis
- From the The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., K.M.F., S.G.-C., J.T.M., M.E.B., M.O.P., M.E.D.); Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (W.D.G., C.D.S., M.E.D.); Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA (C.D.S.); and Emory+Children's Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA (M.E.D.).
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26
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Kinney MA, Saeed R, McDevitt TC. Mesenchymal morphogenesis of embryonic stem cells dynamically modulates the biophysical microtissue niche. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4290. [PMID: 24598818 PMCID: PMC3944369 DOI: 10.1038/srep04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell fate and function are dynamically modulated by the interdependent relationships between biochemical and biophysical signals constituting the local 3D microenvironment. While approaches to recapitulate the stem cell niche have been explored for directing stem cell differentiation, a quantitative relationship between embryonic stem cell (ESC) morphogenesis and intrinsic biophysical cues within three-dimensional microtissues has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that mesenchymal embryonic microtissues induced by BMP4 exhibited increased stiffness and viscosity accompanying differentiation, with cytoskeletal tension significantly contributing to multicellular stiffness. Perturbation of the cytoskeleton during ESC differentiation led to modulation of the biomechanical and gene expression profiles, with the resulting cell phenotype and biophysical properties being highly correlated by multivariate analyses. Together, this study elucidates the dynamics of biophysical and biochemical signatures within embryonic microenvironments, with broad implications for monitoring tissue dynamics, modeling pathophysiological and embryonic morphogenesis and directing stem cell patterning and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Kinney
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabbia Saeed
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- 1] The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dumas JE, Platt MO. Systematic optimization of multiplex zymography protocol to detect active cathepsins K, L, S, and V in healthy and diseased tissue: compromise among limits of detection, reduced time, and resources. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:1038-47. [PMID: 23532386 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases identified in cancer, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, arthritis, and a number of other diseases. As this number continues to rise, so does the need for low cost, broad use quantitative assays to detect their activity and can be translated to the clinic in the hospital or in low resource settings. Multiplex cathepsin zymography is one such assay that detects subnanomolar levels of active cathepsins K, L, S, and V in cell or tissue preparations observed as clear bands of proteolytic activity after gelatin substrate SDS-PAGE with conditions optimal for cathepsin renaturing and activity. Densitometric analysis of the zymogram provides quantitative information from this low cost assay. After systematic modifications to optimize cathepsin zymography, we describe reduced electrophoresis time from 2 h to 10 min, incubation assay time from overnight to 4 h, and reduced minimal tissue protein necessary while maintaining sensitive detection limits; an evaluation of the pros and cons of each modification is also included. We further describe image acquisition by Smartphone camera, export to Matlab, and densitometric analysis code to quantify and report cathepsin activity, adding portability and replacing large scale, darkbox imaging equipment that could be cost prohibitive in limited resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerald E Dumas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Dr. Suite 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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