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Bhattacharjee R, Kertesz M. Continuous Topological Transition and Bandgap Tuning in Ethynylene-Linked Acene π-Conjugated Polymers through Mechanical Strain. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1395-1404. [PMID: 38375000 PMCID: PMC10876101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
By variation of the chemical repeat units of conjugated polymers, only discrete tuning of essential physical parameters is possible. A unique property of a class of π-conjugated polymers, where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are linked via ethynylene linkers, is their topological aromatic to quinoid phase transition discovered recently by Cirera et al. and González-Herrero et al., which is controllable in discrete steps by chemical variations. We have discovered by means of density functional theory computations that such a phase transition can be achieved by applying continuous variations of longitudinal strain, allowing us to tune the bond length alternation and bandgap. At a specific strain value, the bandgap becomes zero due to an orbital level crossing between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Our hypothesis provides a perspective on the design of organic electronic materials and provides a novel insight into the properties of a continuous phase transition in topological semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswar Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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Cimrová V, Babičová P, Guesmi M, Výprachtický D. Donor-Acceptor Copolymers with 9-(2-Ethylhexyl)carbazole or Dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide Donor Units and 5,6-Difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Acceptor Units for Photonics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2939. [PMID: 37999292 PMCID: PMC10675554 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers, particularly of the third generation, including donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, are extensively studied due to their huge potential for photonic and electronic applications. Here, we report on two new D-A copolymers, CP1 and CP2, composed of different electron-donor (D) units: 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole or dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, respectively, and of 4,7-bis(4'-(2-octyldodecyl)thiophen-2'-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole building block with central 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole electron-acceptor (A) units, which were synthesized by Suzuki coupling in the high-boiling solvent xylene and characterized. The copolymers exhibited very good thermal and oxidation stability. A copolymer CP1 with different molecular weights was prepared in order to facilitate a comparison of CP1 with CP2 of comparable molecular weight and to reveal the relationship between molecular weight and properties. The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were examined. Intense red photoluminescence (PL) with higher PL efficiencies for CP1 than for CP2 was observed in both solutions and films. Red shifts in the PL thin film spectra compared with the PL solution spectra indicated aggregate formation in the solid state. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed differences in the arrangement of molecules in thin films depending on the molecular weight of the copolymers. Light-emitting devices with efficient red emission and low onset voltages were prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic (D.V.)
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Khammultri P, Chasing P, Chitpakdee C, Namuangruk S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Red to orange thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers based on 2-(4-(diphenylamino)-phenyl)-9 H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide for efficient solution-processed OLEDs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24794-24806. [PMID: 35481012 PMCID: PMC9037026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are multi-layer devices fabricated by thermal vacuum evaporation techniques, which are unfavorable for real applications. However, there are only a few reported examples of efficient solution-processed TADF OLEDs, in particular TADF polymer OLEDs. Herein, a series of solution-processable TADF conjugated polymers (PCTXO/PCTXO-Fx (x = 25, 50 and 75)) were designed and synthesized by copolymerization of 2-(4-(diphenylamino)-phenyl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide (TXO-TPA) as a red/orange emissive TADF unit, 9,9'-((fluorene-9,9-diyl)-bis(octane-8,1-diyl))-bis(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole) as host/hole-transporting unit and 2,7-N-(heptadecan-9-yl)carbazole as a conjugated linker and solubilizing group. They possessed a conjugated backbone with donor TPA-carbazole/fluorene moieties and a pendent acceptor 9H-thioxanthen-9-one-10,10-dioxide (TXO) forming a twisted donor-acceptor structure. These polymers in neat films displayed red/orange color emissions (601-655 nm) with TADF properties, proved by theory calculations and transient PL decay measurements. Their hole-transporting capability was improved when the content of 9,9'-((fluorene-9,9-diyl)-bis(octane-8,1-diyl))-bis(3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole) within the polymers increased. All polymers were successfully employed as emitters in solution-processed OLEDs. In particular, the doped OLED fabricated with PCTXO exhibited an intense deep orange emission at 603 nm with the best electroluminescence performance (a maximum external quantum efficiency 10.44%, a maximum current efficiency of 14.97 cd A-1 and a turn-on voltage of 4.2 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Praetip Khammultri
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Chasing
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Chirawat Chitpakdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science & Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan Rayong 21210 Thailand
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Khammultri P, Kitisriworaphan W, Chasing P, Namuangruk S, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. Efficient white light-emitting polymers from dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores for non-doped solution processed white electroluminescent devices. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated TADF copolymers comprised of two TADF molecules linked with carbazole exhibited stable pure white emission from non-doped OLEDs with CIE coordinates (0.32, 0.35), a maximum luminance efficiency of 9.13 cd A−1, and a maximum EQE of 4.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praetip Khammultri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science & Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Wangchan
- Thailand
| | - Wipaporn Kitisriworaphan
- School of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima 30000
- Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Chasing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science & Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Wangchan
- Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC)
- National Science and Technology Development Agency
- Pathum Thani
- Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science & Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Wangchan
- Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science & Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology
- Wangchan
- Thailand
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Dai C, Xu S, Liu W, Gong X, Panahandeh-Fard M, Liu Z, Zhang D, Xue C, Loh KP, Liu B. Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide-Based Conjugated Polymers: Highly Efficient Photocatalyts for Hydrogen Production from Water under Visible Light. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801839. [PMID: 30039934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-based alternating copolymers were synthesized by facile Suzuki polymerization for visible light-responsive hydrogen production from water (> 420 nm). Without addition of any cocatalyst, FluPh2-SO showed a photocatalytic efficiency of 3.48 mmol h-1 g-1 , while a larger hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 4.74 mmol h-1 g-1 was achieved for Py-SO, which was ascribed to the improved coplanarity of the polymer that facilitated both intermolecular packing and charge transport. To minimize the possible steric hindrance of FluPh2-SO by replacing 9,9'-diphenylfluorene with fluorene, Flu-SO exhibited a more red-shifted absorption than FluPh2-SO and yielded the highest HER of 5.04 mmol h-1 g-1 . This work highlights the potential of dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide as a versatile building block and the rational design strategy for achieving high photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xuezhong Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Majid Panahandeh-Fard
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative (NUSNNI)-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Can Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Bipolar Blue Light-emitting Polyfluorenes Containing Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide/Carbazole Units. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Song J, Wu H, Sun W, Wang S, Sun H, Xiao K, Qian Y, Liu C. A Pd-catalyzed optional approach for the synthesis of dibenzothiophenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2083-2087. [PMID: 29508887 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A direct and practical approach for the construction of DBTs was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction, in which commercially available o-bromo-iodobenzenes combined with benzene thiols or iodobenzenes combined with o-bromo-benzene thiols were applied. These two approaches will provide an alternative for the synthesis of DBT derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Songjiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Haisen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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Hu LW, Liang L, Yang Y, Guo T, Zhang YH, Yang W, Cao Y. Green-emitting Polyfluorenes Containing Hexylthiophen-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide Unit with Large Two-photon Absorption Cross Section. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Blue light-emitting polyfluorenes containing dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide unit in alkyl side chain. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Xie N, Liu Y, Hu R, Leung NLC, Arseneault M, Tang BZ. Synthesis, Aggregation-Induced Emission, and Electroluminescence of Dibenzothiophene- and Dibenzofuran-Containing Tetraarylethenes. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Zhang T, Wang J, Zhou M, Ma L, Yin G, Chen G, Li Q. Influence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on blue light-emitting materials for OLED. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Yang Y, Yu L, Xue Y, Zou Q, Zhang B, Ying L, Yang W, Peng J, Cao Y. Improved electroluminescence efficiency of polyfluorenes by simultaneously incorporating dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide unit in main chain and oxadiazole moiety in side chain. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zucchi G, Tondelier D, Bonnassieux Y, Geffroy B. Improving the performance of polymer light-emitting devices with chemical tools. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM; UMR 7647 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Denis Tondelier
- LPICM; UMR 7647 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Yvan Bonnassieux
- LPICM; UMR 7647 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- CEA Saclay; CEA, SPCSI, IRAMIS, LCSI; 91191 Gif Sur Yvette France
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Efficient white emitting copolymers based on bipolar fluorene-co-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-co-carbazole backbone. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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