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Škugor Rončević I, Krivić D, Buljac M, Vladislavić N, Buzuk M. Polyelectrolytes Assembly: A Powerful Tool for Electrochemical Sensing Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3211. [PMID: 32517055 PMCID: PMC7313698 DOI: 10.3390/s20113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensing coatings, as important sensor elements that integrate functionality, simplicity, chemical stability, and physical stability, has been shown to play a major role in electrochemical sensing system development trends. Simple and versatile assembling procedures and scalability make polyelectrolytes highly convenient for use in electrochemical sensing applications. Polyelectrolytes are mainly used in electrochemical sensor architectures for entrapping (incorporation, immobilization, etc.) various materials into sensing layers. These materials can often increase sensitivity, selectivity, and electronic communications with the electrode substrate, and they can mediate electron transfer between an analyte and transducer. Analytical performance can be significantly improved by the synergistic effect of materials (sensing material, transducer, and mediator) present in these composites. As most reported methods for the preparation of polyelectrolyte-based sensing layers are layer-by-layer and casting/coating methods, this review focuses on the use of the latter methods in the development of electrochemical sensors within the last decade. In contrast to many reviews related to electrochemical sensors that feature polyelectrolytes, this review is focused on architectures of sensing layers and the role of polyelectrolytes in the development of sensing systems. Additionally, the role of polyelectrolytes in the preparation and modification of various nanoparticles, nanoprobes, reporter probes, nanobeads, etc. that are used in electrochemical sensing systems is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škugor Rončević
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Denis Krivić
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maša Buljac
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nives Vladislavić
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
| | - Marijo Buzuk
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.Š.R.); (N.V.)
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2
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Lo KC, Hau KI, Chan WK. Photoconductivity enhancement and charge transport properties in ruthenium-containing block copolymer/carbon nanotube hybrids. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6474-6486. [PMID: 29569662 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid materials can serve as a good model for light harvesting systems based on CNTs. This paper presents the synthesis of block copolymer/CNT hybrids and the characterization of their photocurrent responses by both experimental and computational approaches. A series of functional diblock copolymers was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations for the dispersion and functionalization of CNTs. The block copolymers contain photosensitizing ruthenium complexes and modified pyrene-based anchoring units. The photocurrent responses of the polymer/CNT hybrids were measured by photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PCAFM), from which the experimental data were analyzed by vigorous statistical models. The difference in photocurrent response among different hybrids was correlated to the conformations of the hybrids, which were elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations, and the electronic properties of polymers. The photoresponse of the block copolymer/CNT hybrids can be enhanced by introducing an electron-accepting block between the photosensitizing block and the CNT. We have demonstrated that the application of a rigorous statistical methodology can unravel the charge transport properties of these hybrid materials and provide general guidelines for the design of molecular light harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - King In Hau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Pilo M, Farre R, Lachowicz JI, Masolo E, Panzanelli A, Sanna G, Senes N, Sobral A, Spano N. Design of Amperometric Biosensors for the Detection of Glucose Prepared by Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Conducting (Poly)Thiophene Films. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:1849439. [PMID: 29686926 PMCID: PMC5852879 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1849439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-based sensors have emerged as important analytical tools with application in diverse fields, and biosensors for the detection of glucose using the enzyme glucose oxidase have been widely investigated. In this work, the preparation of biosensors by electrochemical polymerization of (poly)thiophenes, namely 2,2'-bithiophene (2,2'-BT) and 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol)-2,2'-bithiophene (4,4'-bBT), followed by immobilization of glucose oxidase on the films, is described. N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMC) was used as a condensing agent, and p-benzoquinone (BQ) was used as a redox mediator in solution. The glucose oxidase electrodes with films of 2,2'-BT and 4,4'-bBT were then tested for their ability in detecting glucose from synthetic and real samples (pear, apricot, and peach fruit juices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Farre
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Masolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Panzanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nina Senes
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ana Sobral
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadia Spano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Raziq A, Tariq M, Hussian R, Mehmood MH, Khan MS, Hassan A. Electrochemical Investigation of Glucose Oxidation on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Using Voltammetric, Amperometric, and Digital Simulation Methods. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raziq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussian
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haris Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry; University of Peshawar; Peshawar- 25120 Pakistan
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Shrestha BK, Ahmad R, Shrestha S, Park CH, Kim CS. In situ synthesis of cylindrical spongy polypyrrole doped protonated graphitic carbon nitride for cholesterol sensing application. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:686-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Simanaityte R, Ramanaviciene A, Glumbokaite L, Ramanavicius A. Reagent-less amperometric glucose biosensor based on a graphite rod electrode layer-by-layer modified with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and glucose oxidase. Talanta 2017; 171:204-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Imit M, Imin P, Adronov A. π-Conjugated polymers with pendant coumarins: design, synthesis, characterization, and interactions with carbon nanotubes. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of new fluorene-based π-conjugated polymers having coumarin derivatives as part of dendritic side chains were designed and prepared using the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. A new coumarin derivative bearing a heptyl side chain for solubility was utilized to ensure solubility of the final polymers. It was found that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the coumrains to the polyfluorene backbone was efficient, especially for the polymers decorated with lower-generation dendrons. Each of the polymers was found to interact strongly with the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in THF, and their ability to selectively disperse specific SWNT chiralities was investigated. Photoluminescence studies revealed that the strong polymer emission is efficiently quenched in the corresponding supramolecular complexes with SWNTs. This high quenching efficiency indicates that the coumarin–polymer FRET system can be supramolecularly bound to the surface of (SWNTs to produce an energy transfer system in which the energy absorbed by the donor coumarin chromophores is channeled to the SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Imit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Patigul Imin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Imit M, Imin P, Adronov A. Supramolecular interactions of fluorene-based copolymers containing 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and phenazine units with SWNTs. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of an electron-rich ProDOT-containing conjugated polymer and an electron poor phenazine-containing conjugated polymer with single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibits some selectivity for metallic vs. semiconducting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Imit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Patigul Imin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Mazeiko V, Ramanaviciene A, Oztekin Y, Osman Solak A, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of Some Redox Mediators in the Design of Reagentless Amperometric Glucose Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Liang S, Zhao Y, Adronov A. Selective and reversible noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by a pH-responsive vinylogous tetrathiafulvalene-fluorene copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:970-7. [PMID: 24369733 DOI: 10.1021/ja409918n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A vinylogous tetrathiafulvalene (TTFV) monomer was prepared and copolymerized with fluorene to give a conformationally switchable conjugated copolymer. This copolymer was shown to undergo a conformational change upon protonation with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). When mixed with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), this TTFV-fluorene copolymer exhibited strong interactions with the SWNT surface, leading to stable, concentrated nanotube dispersions in toluene. Photoluminescence excitation mapping indicated that the copolymer selectively disperses low-diameter SWNTs, as would be expected from its ability to form a tightly coiled conformation on the nanotube surface. Addition of TFA to the copolymer-SWNT dispersion resulted in a rapid conformational change and desorption of the polymer from the SWNT surface, resulting in precipitation of pure SWNTs that were completely free of polymer. Importantly, the nanotubes isolated after dispersion and release by the TTFV-fluorene copolymer were more pure than the original SWNTs that were initially dispersed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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Su Y, Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of graphene, carbon nanotubes and composite films using methyl violet dye as a dispersing agent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Su Y, Zhitomirsky I. Cataphoretic assembly of cationic dyes and deposition of carbon nanotube and graphene films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 399:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chen C, Xie Q, Yang D, Xiao H, Fu Y, Tan Y, Yao S. Recent advances in electrochemical glucose biosensors: a review. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Zhang F, Zhang L, Xing J, Tang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Lu T, Xia X. Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly of Sulphydryl-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Phosphate-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Detection of Hydrazine. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Demirci S, Emre FB, Ekiz F, Oğuzkaya F, Timur S, Tanyeli C, Toppare L. Functionalization of poly-SNS-anchored carboxylic acid with Lys and PAMAM: surface modifications for biomolecule immobilization/stabilization and bio-sensing applications. Analyst 2012; 137:4254-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li P, Liu H, Ding Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wei H, Cai C, Lu T. Synthesis of water-soluble phosphonate functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes and their applications in biosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31350b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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