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Zhang L, Zhang S, Floer C, Kantubuktha SAR, Velasco MJGR, Friend J. Surface Acoustic Wave-Driven Enhancement of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays: ELISAW. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9676-9683. [PMID: 38813952 PMCID: PMC11170557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules' binding for detection─except, notably, for the blocking step─is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cécile Floer
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Université
de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche
scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sreeya Anjana Raj Kantubuktha
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - María José González Ruiz Velasco
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James Friend
- Medically
Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering,
and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Pan S, You R, Chen X, Pan W, Li Q, Chen X, Pang W, Duan X. Regulating Biomolecular Surface Interactions Using Tunable Acoustic Streaming. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3458-3467. [PMID: 37639526 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion limitations and nonspecific surface absorption are great challenges for developing micro-/nanoscale affinity biosensors. There are very limited approaches that can solve these issues at the same time. Here, an acoustic streaming approach enabled by a gigahertz (GHz) resonator is presented to promote mass transfer of analytes through the jet mode and biofouling removal through the shear mode, which can be switched by tuning the deviation angle, α, between the resonator and the sensor. Simulations show that the jet mode (α ≤ 0) drives the analytes in the fluid toward the sensing surface, overcomes the diffusion limitation, and enhances the binding; while the shear mode (0 < α < π/4) provides a scouring action to remove the biofouling from the sensor. Experimental studies were performed by integrating this GHz resonator with optoelectronic sensing systems, where a 34-fold enhancement for the initial binding rate was obtained. Featuring high efficiency, controllability, and versatility, we believe that this GHz acoustic streaming approach holds promise for many kinds of biosensing systems as well as lab-on-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rui You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Quanning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Kärcher J, Schulze B, Dörr A, Tierling S, Walter J. Transfer of blocker-based qPCR reactions for DNA methylation analysis into a microfluidic LoC system using thermal modeling. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:064102. [PMID: 36506005 PMCID: PMC9729016 DOI: 10.1063/5.0108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the DNA methylation landscape are associated with many diseases like cancer. Therefore, DNA methylation analysis is of great interest for molecular diagnostics and can be applied, e.g., for minimally invasive diagnostics in liquid biopsy samples like blood plasma. Sensitive detection of local de novo methylation, which occurs in various cancer types, can be achieved with quantitative HeavyMethyl-PCR using oligonucleotides that block the amplification of unmethylated DNA. A transfer of these quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) into point-of-care (PoC) devices like microfluidic Lab-on-Chip (LoC) cartridges can be challenging as LoC systems show significantly different thermal properties than qPCR cyclers. We demonstrate how an adequate thermal model of the specific LoC system can help us to identify a suitable thermal profile, even for complex HeavyMethyl qPCRs, with reduced experimental effort. Using a simulation-based approach, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the successful LoC transfer of colorectal SEPT9/ACTB-qPCR from Epi Procolon® colorectal carcinoma test, by avoidance of oligonucleotide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Kärcher
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research, Robert Bosch Campus 1, 71272 Renninge, Germany
| | - Britta Schulze
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research, Robert Bosch Campus 1, 71272 Renninge, Germany
| | - Aaron Dörr
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research, Robert Bosch Campus 1, 71272 Renninge, Germany
| | - Sascha Tierling
- University of Saarland, Institute for Genetics and Epigenetics, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- University of Saarland, Institute for Genetics and Epigenetics, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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4
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Real-Time Detection of Tumor Cells during Capture on a Filter Element Significantly Enhancing Detection Rate. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090312. [PMID: 34562902 PMCID: PMC8472380 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that enter the bloodstream play an important role in the formation of metastases. The prognostic significance of CTCs as biomarkers obtained from liquid biopsies is intensively investigated and requires accurate methods for quantification. The purpose of this study was the capture of CTCs on an optically accessible surface for real-time quantification. A filtration device was fabricated from a transparent material so that capturing of cells could be observed microscopically. Blood samples were spiked with stained tumor cells and the sample was filtrated using a porous structure with pore sizes of 7.4 µm. The possible removal of lysed erythrocytes and the retention of CTCs were assessed. The filtration process was observed in real-time using fluorescence microscopy, whereby arriving cells were counted in order to determine the number of CTCs present in the blood. Through optimization of the microfluidic channel design, the cell retention rate could be increased by 13% (from 76% ± 7% to 89% ± 5%). Providing the possibility for real-time detection significantly improved quantification efficiency even for the smallest cells evaluated. While end-point evaluation resulted in a detection rate of 63% ± 3% of the spiked cells, real-time evaluation led to an increase of 21% to 84% ± 4%. The established protocol provides an advantageous and efficient method for integration of fully automated sample preparation and CTC quantification into a lab-on-a-chip system.
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5
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Shlyapnikov YM, Malakhova EA, Shlyapnikova EA. Improving Immunoassay Performance with Cleavable Blocking of Microarrays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1126-1134. [PMID: 33305941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the key issues that are commonly associated with the development of microarray-based assays are nonspecific binding and diffusion constraints. Here we present a novel strategy addressing both of these challenges simultaneously. The essence of the method consists in blocking the microarray surface with a blocking agent containing a perfluoroalkyl chain and a disulfide linker. The resulting surface is hydrophobic, and no immiscible liquid layer remains on it upon cyclically draining and replenishing the sample solution, ensuring an efficient mass transfer of an analyte onto a microarray. Prior to the signal detection procedure, disulfide bonds are chemically cleaved, and the perfluoroalkyl chains are removed from the microarray surface along with nonspecifically adsorbed proteins, resulting in extremely low background. Using conventional fluorescent detection, we show a 30-fold increase in signal/background ratio compared to a common epoxy-modified glass substrate. The combination of this technique with magnetic beads detection results in a simple and ultrasensitive cholera toxin (CT) immunoassay. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1 fM, which is achieved with an analyte binding time of 1 h. Efficient mass transfer provides highly sensitive detection of whole virus particles despite their low diffusion coefficient. The achieved LOD for vaccinia virus is 104 particles in 1 mL of sample. Finally, we have performed for the first time the simultaneous detection of whole virus and CT protein biomarker in a single assay. The developed technique can be used for multiplex detection of trace amounts of pathogens of various natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M Shlyapnikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Malakhova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Elena A Shlyapnikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
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6
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Podbiel D, Laermer F, Zengerle R, Hoffmann J. Fusing MEMS technology with lab-on-chip: nanoliter-scale silicon microcavity arrays for digital DNA quantification and multiplex testing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:82. [PMID: 34567692 PMCID: PMC8433415 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a microfluidic multiplexing technology for highly parallelized sample analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an array of 96 nanoliter-scale microcavities made from silicon. This PCR array technology features fully automatable aliquoting microfluidics, a robust sample compartmentalization up to temperatures of 95 °C, and an application-specific prestorage of reagents within the 25 nl microcavities. The here presented hybrid silicon-polymer microfluidic chip allows both a rapid thermal cycling of the liquid compartments and a real-time fluorescence read-out for a tracking of the individual amplification reactions taking place inside the microcavities. We demonstrate that the technology provides very low reagent carryover of prestored reagents < 6 × 10-2 and a cross talk rate < 1 × 10-3 per PCR cycle, which facilitate a multi-targeted sample analysis via geometric multiplexing. Furthermore, we apply this PCR array technology to introduce a novel digital PCR-based DNA quantification method: by taking the assay-specific amplification characteristics like the limit of detection into account, the method allows for an absolute gene target quantification by means of a statistical analysis of the amplification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Podbiel
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Franz Laermer
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hoffmann
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Sector Research, Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, Robert-Bosch-Campus 1, 71272 Renningen, Germany
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7
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Jung W, Uddin MJ, Namkoong K, Chung W, Kim JH, Shim JS. Toward a disposable low-cost LOC device: heterogeneous polymer micro valve and pump fabricated by UV/ozone-assisted thermal fusion bonding. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28390-28396. [PMID: 35519138 PMCID: PMC9055662 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a heterogeneous polymer micro valve and pump with a polypropylene (PP) membrane was developed in a low-cost manner via UV/ozone-assisted thermal fusion bonding. The proposed fabrication technique allowed for a geometrically selective bonding; consequently, the membrane was prevented from bonding with the valve seat of the diaphragm micro-valve, without patterning a protection layer or introducing an additional structure. The developed device withstands 480 kPa of static pressure and up to 350 kPa of a vibration pressure, providing sufficient bonding strength for microfluidic actuations. The fabricated micro valve and pump are fully characterized and compared with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane glass device, showing comparable valving and pumping performance. As a result, the robust PP membrane micro valve and pump are simply implemented in a facile manner, and demonstrated excellent performance, which is highly desirable for mass production of disposable lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. Herein, a heterogeneous polymer micro valve and pump with a polypropylene (PP) membrane was developed in a low-cost manner via UV/ozone-assisted thermal fusion bonding.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjong Jung
- Healthcare Sensor Lab., Device Research Centre, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16678 Republic of Korea
| | - M Jalal Uddin
- Bio-IT Convergence Lab., Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University Kushtia-7003 Bangladesh
| | - Kak Namkoong
- Healthcare Sensor Lab., Device Research Centre, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16678 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Chung
- BioNano Health Guard Research Centre Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Kim
- Sensor Lab., Smart Device Team, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Seoul 06765 Republic of Korea +82-10-41213075
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio-IT Convergence Lab., Department of Electronics and Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhou X, Gao M, Gui L. A Liquid-Metal Based Spiral Magnetohydrodynamic Micropump. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E365. [PMID: 30400555 PMCID: PMC6187872 DOI: 10.3390/mi8120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A liquid-metal based spiral magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump is proposed in this work. The micropump was fabricated in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass hybrid microfluidic chip. This pump utilized two parallel liquid-metal-filled channels as electrodes to generate a parallel electrical field across the pumping channel between the two electrodes. To prevent contact and cross contamination between the liquid metal in the electrode channel and the sample fluid in the pumping channel, a PDMS gap was designed between the liquid metal and the sample fluid. To minimize the chip size, the parallel electrode and pumping channels were designed in a spiral shape. To test pumping performance, NaCl aqueous solution containing fluorescent particles (0.5 μm in diameter) was filled into the pumping channel as the working sample fluid. When a pair of identical magnets (0.4 T) was placed onto both top and bottom surfaces of the chip, the pump was able to drive the sample fluid at a flow velocity of 233.26 μm/s at 3000 V. The pump has no moving parts, and the electrodes are easily fabricated, making the pump suitable for miniaturization and integration into microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Zhou
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Lin Gui
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100039, China.
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9
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Han D, Park JK. Microarray-integrated optoelectrofluidic immunoassay system. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:034106. [PMID: 27190571 PMCID: PMC4866943 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A microarray-based analytical platform has been utilized as a powerful tool in biological assay fields. However, an analyte depletion problem due to the slow mass transport based on molecular diffusion causes low reaction efficiency, resulting in a limitation for practical applications. This paper presents a novel method to improve the efficiency of microarray-based immunoassay via an optically induced electrokinetic phenomenon by integrating an optoelectrofluidic device with a conventional glass slide-based microarray format. A sample droplet was loaded between the microarray slide and the optoelectrofluidic device on which a photoconductive layer was deposited. Under the application of an AC voltage, optically induced AC electroosmotic flows caused by a microarray-patterned light actively enhanced the mass transport of target molecules at the multiple assay spots of the microarray simultaneously, which reduced tedious reaction time from more than 30 min to 10 min. Based on this enhancing effect, a heterogeneous immunoassay with a tiny volume of sample (5 μl) was successfully performed in the microarray-integrated optoelectrofluidic system using immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-IgG, resulting in improved efficiency compared to the static environment. Furthermore, the application of multiplex assays was also demonstrated by multiple protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsik Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li J, Zrazhevskiy P, Gao X. Eliminating Size-Associated Diffusion Constraints for Rapid On-Surface Bioassays with Nanoparticle Probes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1035-1043. [PMID: 26749053 PMCID: PMC4815929 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle probes enable implementation of advanced on-surface assay formats, but impose often underappreciated size-associated constraints, in particular on assay kinetics and sensitivity. The present study highlights substantially slower diffusion-limited assay kinetics due to the rapid development of a nanoprobe depletion layer next to the surface, which static incubation and mixing of bulk solution employed in conventional assay setups often fail to disrupt. In contrast, cyclic solution draining and replenishing yields reaction-limited assay kinetics irrespective of the probe size. Using common surface bioassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence, this study shows that this conceptually distinct approach effectively "erases" size-dependent diffusion constraints, providing a straightforward route to rapid on-surface bioassays employing bulky probes and procedures involving multiple labeling cycles, such as multicycle single-cell molecular profiling. For proof-of-concept, the study demonstrates that the assay time can be shortened from hours to minutes with the same probe concentration and, at a typical incubation time, comparable target labeling can be achieved with up to eight times lower nanoprobe concentration. The findings are expected to enable realization of novel assay formats and stimulate development of rapid on-surface bioassays with nanoparticle probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Pavel Zrazhevskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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11
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Czurratis D, Beyl Y, Grimm A, Brettschneider T, Zinober S, Lärmer F, Zengerle R. Liquids on-chip: direct storage and release employing micro-perforated vapor barrier films. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2887-2895. [PMID: 26038101 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquids on-chip describes a reagent storage concept for disposable pressure driven Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, which enables liquid storage in reservoirs without additional packaging. On-chip storage of liquids can be considered as one of the major challenges for the commercial break through of polymer-based LoC devices. Especially the ability for long-term storage and reagent release on demand are the most important aspects for a fully developed technology. On-chip storage not only replaces manual pipetting, it creates numerous advantages: fully automated processing, ease of use, reduction of contamination and transportation risks. Previous concepts for on-chip storage are based on liquid packaging solutions (e.g. stick packs, blisters, glass ampoules), which implicate manufacturing complexity and additional pick and place processes. That is why we prefer on-chip storage of liquids directly in reservoirs. The liquids are collected in reservoirs, which are made of high barrier polymers or coated by selected barrier layers. Therefore, commonly used polymers for LoC applications as cyclic olefin polymer (COP) and polycarbonate (PC) were investigated in the context of novel polymer composites. To ensure long-term stability the reservoirs are sealed with a commercially available barrier film by hot embossing. The barrier film is structured by pulsed laser ablation, which installs rated break points without affecting the barrier properties. A flexible membrane is actuated through pneumatic pressure for reagent release on demand. The membrane deflection breaks the barrier film and leads to efficient cleaning of the reservoirs in order to provide the liquids for further processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Czurratis
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Platz 1, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany.
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12
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Tortajada-Genaro LA, Santiago-Felipe S, Amasia M, Russom A, Maquieira Á. Isothermal solid-phase recombinase polymerase amplification on microfluidic digital versatile discs (DVDs). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02778k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed device, for massive DNA-based screening in limited-resource settings, comprises a centrifugal platform to perform isothermal solid-phase amplification in microarray format and a digital versatile disc drive to read the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Sara Santiago-Felipe
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
| | - Mary Amasia
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- Div. of Nanobiotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Interunversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM)
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Spain
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13
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Han CM, Katilius E, Santiago JG. Increasing hybridization rate and sensitivity of DNA microarrays using isotachophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2958-67. [PMID: 24921466 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an on-chip electrokinetic method to increase the reaction kinetics and sensitivity of DNA microarray hybridization. We use isotachophoresis (ITP) to preconcentrate target molecules in solution and transport them over the immobilized probe sites of a microarray, greatly increasing the binding reaction rate. We show theoretically and experimentally that ITP-enhanced microarrays can be hybridized much faster and with higher sensitivity than conventional methods. We demonstrate our assay using a microfluidic system consisting of a PDMS microchannel superstructure bonded onto a glass slide on which 60 spots of 20-27 nt ssDNA oligonucleotide probes are immobilized. Our 30 min assay results in an 8.2 fold higher signal than the conventional overnight hybridization at 100 fM target concentration. We show rapid and quantitative detection over 4 orders of magnitude dynamic range of target concentration with no increase in the nonspecific signal. Our technique can be further multiplexed for higher density microarrays and extended for other reactions of target-surface immobilized ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Abstract
A room temperature liquid metal based electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump has been proposed in this work. This low-cost EOF pump is convenient for both fabrication and integration. It utilizes polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels filled with the liquid-metal as non-contact pump electrodes. The electrode channels are fabricated symmetrically to both sides of the pumping channel, having no contact with the pumping channel. To test the pumping performance of the EOF pump, the mean flow velocities of the fluid (DI water) in the EOF pumps were experimentally measured by tracing the fluorescent microparticles in the flow. To provide guidance for designing a low voltage EOF pump, parametric studies on dimensions of the electrode and pumping channels were performed in this work. According to the experimental results, the pumping speed can reach 5.93 μm s(-1) at a driving voltage of only 1.6 V, when the gap between the electrode and the pumping channel is 20 μm. Injecting a room temperature liquid metal into microchannels can provide a simple, rapid, low-cost but accurately self-aligned way to fabricate microelectrodes for EOF pumps, which is a promising method to achieve the miniaturization and integration of the EOF pump in microfluidic systems. The non-contact liquid electrodes have no influence on the fluid in the pumping channel when pumping, reducing Joule heat generation and preventing gas bubble formation at the surface of electrodes. The pump has great potential to drive a wide range of fluids, such as drug reagents, cell suspensions and biological macromolecule solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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15
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Rogers CI, Oxborrow JB, Anderson RR, Tsai LF, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. Microfluidic Valves Made From Polymerized Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 191:10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.008. [PMID: 24357897 PMCID: PMC3864702 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pneumatically actuated, non-elastomeric membrane valves fabricated from polymerized polyethylene glycol diacrylate (poly-PEGDA) have been characterized for temporal response, valve closure, and long-term durability. A ~100 ms valve opening time and a ~20 ms closure time offer valve operation as fast as 8 Hz with potential for further improvement. Comparison of circular and rectangular valve geometries indicates that the surface area for membrane interaction in the valve region is important for valve performance. After initial fabrication, the fluid pressure required to open a closed circular valve is ~50 kPa higher than the control pressure holding the valve closed. However, after ~1000 actuations to reconfigure polymer chains and increase elasticity in the membrane, the fluid pressure required to open a valve becomes the same as the control pressure holding the valve closed. After these initial conditioning actuations, poly-PEGDA valves show considerable robustness with no change in effective operation after 115,000 actuations. Such valves constructed from non-adsorptive poly-PEGDA could also find use as pumps, for application in small volume assays interfaced with biosensors or impedance detection, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad I. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Joseph B. Oxborrow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Ryan R. Anderson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Long-Fang Tsai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Gregory P. Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Adam T. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 801-422-1701.
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Ali MA, Anand P, Agrawal VV, John R, Maji S, Malhotra BD. Microfluidic-integrated biosensors: Prospects for point-of-care diagnostics. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1267-79. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Bammesberger SB, Malki I, Ernst A, Zengerle R, Koltay P. A Calibration-Free, Noncontact, Disposable Liquid Dispensing Cartridge Featuring an Online Process Control. JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AUTOMATION 2013; 19:394-402. [PMID: 23981469 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213499757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a noncontact liquid dispenser that uses a disposable cartridge for the calibration-free dosage of diverse biochemical reagents from the nanoliter to the microliter range. The dispensing system combines the advantages of a positive displacement syringe pump (responsible for defining the aliquot's volume with high accuracy) with a highly dynamic noncontact dispenser (providing kinetic energy to detach the liquid from the tip). The disposable, noncontact dispensing cartridge system renders elaborate washing procedures of tips obsolete. A noncontact sensor monitors the dispensing process to enable an online process control. To further increase confidence and reliability for particularly critical biomedical applications, an optional closed-loop control prevents malfunctions. The dispensing performance was characterized experimentally in the range of 0.25 to 10.0 µL using liquids of different rheological properties (viscosity 1.03-16.98 mPas, surface tension 30.49-70.83 mN/m) without adjusting or calibrating the actuation parameters. The precision ranged between a coefficient of variation of 0.5% and 5.3%, and the accuracy was below ±10%. The presented technology has the potential to contribute significantly to the improvement of biochemical liquid handling for laboratory automation in terms of usability, miniaturization, cost reduction, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borja Bammesberger
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Imad Malki
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany BioFluidix GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany HSG-IMIT-Institut für Mikro- und Informationstechnik, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Koltay
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany HSG-IMIT-Institut für Mikro- und Informationstechnik, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Choi JY, Kim YT, Byun JY, Ahn J, Chung S, Gweon DG, Kim MG, Seo TS. An integrated allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-microarray chip for multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5146-5154. [PMID: 23037501 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40878c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An integrated allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS PCR) and microarray chip has been developed for multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing on a portable genetic analyzer instrumentation. We applied the integrated PCR-microarray system for on-site Hanwoo (Korean indigenous beef cattle) identification. Eleven sets of primers were designed, among which ten sets of primers targeted ten SNP loci to discriminate Hanwoo from the imported beef cattle and one primer set was used as a positive PCR control. The AS PCR for multiplex SNP typing was conducted on a glass-based microchip consisting of four layers: a microchannel plate for microfluidic control, a Pt-electrode plate for a resistance temperature detector (RTD), a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane and a manifold glass for micropump and microvalve function. The resultant AS PCR products were mixed with a hybridization buffer in a micromixer channel through the micropumping operation, and then the microarray assay was performed in the downstream process. Eleven duplicate probes were spotted in a glass slide, which was connected at the end of the micromixer channel unit. When the mixed solution was injected into the disposable microarray chip, pneumatically actuated micropumping was executed to speed up the hybridization process by inducing the convective flow. The fluorescence signals on each spot were monitored by a miniaturized fluorescence scanner, and the Hanwoo was verified by detecting the number of fluorescent spots with three or fewer among eleven. An integrated portable PCR-microarray genetic analysis microsystem was first demonstrated for rapid, accurate, and on-site multiplex SNP typing to differentiate animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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19
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Gong MM, Macdonald BD, Vu Nguyen T, Sinton D. Hand-powered microfluidics: A membrane pump with a patient-to-chip syringe interface. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:44102. [PMID: 24143160 PMCID: PMC3487897 DOI: 10.1063/1.4762851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an on-chip hand-powered membrane pump using a robust patient-to-chip syringe interface. This approach enables safe sample collection, sample containment, integrated sharps disposal, high sample volume capacity, and controlled downstream flow with no electrical power requirements. Sample is manually injected into the device via a syringe and needle. The membrane pump inflates upon injection and subsequently deflates, delivering fluid to downstream components in a controlled manner. The device is fabricated from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silicone, using CO2 laser micromachining, with a total material cost of ∼0.20 USD/device. We experimentally demonstrate pump performance for both deionized (DI) water and undiluted, anticoagulated mouse whole blood, and characterize the behavior with reference to a resistor-capacitor electrical circuit analogy. Downstream output of the membrane pump is regulated, and scaled, by connecting multiple pumps in parallel. In contrast to existing on-chip pumping mechanisms that typically have low volume capacity (∼5 μL) and sample volume throughput (∼1-10 μl/min), the membrane pump offers high volume capacity (up to 240 μl) and sample volume throughput (up to 125 μl/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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