1
|
Ahmadpour A, Shojaeian M, Tasoglu S. Deep learning-augmented T-junction droplet generation. iScience 2024; 27:109326. [PMID: 38510144 PMCID: PMC10951907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Droplet generation technology has become increasingly important in a wide range of applications, including biotechnology and chemical synthesis. T-junction channels are commonly used for droplet generation due to their integration capability of a larger number of droplet generators in a compact space. In this study, a finite element analysis (FEA) approach is employed to simulate droplet production and its dynamic regimes in a T-junction configuration and collect data for post-processing analysis. Next, image analysis was performed to calculate the droplet length and determine the droplet generation regime. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms were applied to estimate outputs through examination of input parameters within the simulation range. At the end, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for estimation of the droplet characteristics based on inputs, enabling the users to preselect their designs with comparable microfluidic configurations within the studied range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Ahmadpour
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Mostafa Shojaeian
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Is Bank Artificial Intelligence Lab (KUIS AILab), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashok A, Ballout J, Benamor A, Al-Rawashdeh M. Capillary Microreactor for Initial Screening of Three Amine-Based Solvents for CO2 Absorption, Desorption, and Foaming. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.779611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microreactor is a very attractive laboratory device for screening conditions and solvents in an efficient, safe and fast manner. Most reported work on microreactors for CO2 capturing deals with absorption and mass transfer performance with a limited number of studies on solvent regeneration. For the first time, foaming, which is a major operational challenge of CO2 capturing is being studied in combination with absorption and desorption in a capillary microreactor setup. To demonstrate the setup capabilities, three known amine-based solvents (MEA, MDEA, and AMP) were selected for the screening and evaluation studies. MEA had the highest CO2 absorption efficiency while MDEA had the lowest one. CO2 absorption efficiency increased with temperature, liquid flow rate, and amine concentration as per the literature. During the absorption work, the Taylor flow regime was maintained at the reactor inlet. CO2 desorption of loaded amine solutions was investigated at different concentrations and temperatures up to 85°C. MDEA solution had the highest desorption efficiency, followed by AMP and the least desorption efficiency was that of MEA. Foaming experimental results showed that MEA had a larger foaming region compared to AMP. However, more foaming happened with AMP at higher gas and liquid flow rates. A plug flow mathematical reactor model was developed to simulate the MEA-CO2 system. The model captured well the performance and trends of the studied system, however the absolute prediction deviated due to uncertainties in the used physical properties and mass transfer correlation. Selecting a solvent for chemical absorption depends on many more factors than these three studied parameters. Still, microreactor proves a valuable tool to generate experimental results under different conditions, with the least amount of consumables (less than 1 L solvents were used), in a fast manner, combined with a knowledge insight because of the uniqueness of the Taylor flow regime.
Collapse
|
3
|
Deleau T, Letourneau JJ, Camy S, Aubin J, Espitalier F. Determination of mass transfer coefficients in high-pressure CO2-H2O flows in microcapillaries using a colorimetric method. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Ho THM, Yang J, Tsai PA. Microfluidic mass transfer of CO 2 at elevated pressures: implications for carbon storage in deep saline aquifers. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3942-3951. [PMID: 34636830 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) in a deep saline aquifer is one of the most promising technologies to mitigate anthropologically emitted carbon dioxide. Accurately quantifying the mass transport of CO2 at pore-scales is crucial but challenging for successful CCS deployment. Here, we conduct high-pressure microfluidic experiments, mimicking reservoir conditions up to 9.5 MPa and 35 °C, to elucidate the microfluidic mass transfer process of CO2 at three different states (i.e., gas, liquid, and supercritical phase) into water. We measure the size change of CO2 micro-bubbles/droplets generated using a microfluidic T-junction to estimate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), quantifying the rate change of CO2 concentration under the driving force of concentration gradient. The results show that bubbles/droplets under high-pressure conditions reach a steady state faster than low pressure. The measured volumetric mass transfer coefficient increases with the Reynolds number (based on the liquid slug) and is nearly independent of the injection pressure for both the gas and liquid phases. In addition, kLa significantly enlarges with increasing high pressure at the supercritical state. Compared with various chemical engineering applications using millimeter-sized capillaries (with typical kLa measured ranging from ≈0.005 to 0.8 s-1), the microfluidic results show a significant increase in the volumetric mass transfer of CO2 into water by two to three orders of magnitude, O (102-103), with decreasing hydrodynamic diameter (of ≈50 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsing Martin Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada.
| | - Junyi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada.
| | - Peichun Amy Tsai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Experimental Studies of Droplet Formation Process and Length for Liquid–Liquid Two-Phase Flows in a Microchannel. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, changes in the droplet formation mechanism and the law of droplet length in a two-phase liquid–liquid system in 400 × 400 μm standard T-junction microchannels were experimentally studied using a high-speed camera. The study investigated the effects of various dispersed phase viscosities, various continuous phase viscosities, and two-phase flow parameters on droplet length. Two basic flow patterns were observed: slug flow dominated by the squeezing mechanism, and droplet flow dominated by the shear mechanism. The dispersed phase viscosity had almost no effect on droplet length. However, the droplet length decreased with increasing continuous phase viscosity, increasing volume flow rate in the continuous phase, and the continuous-phase capillary number Cac. Droplet length also increased with increasing volume flow rate in the dispersed phase and with the volume flow rate ratio. Based on the droplet formation mechanism, a scaling law governing slug and droplet length was proposed and achieved a good fit with experimental data.
Collapse
|
7
|
Microfluidics-based determination of diffusion coefficient for gas-liquid reaction system with hydrogen peroxide. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Determination of mass transfer coefficients in high-pressure two-phase flows in capillaries using Raman spectroscopy. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Han S, Kashfipour MA, Ramezani M, Abolhasani M. Accelerating gas-liquid chemical reactions in flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10593-10606. [PMID: 32785297 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03511d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, continuous flow reactors have emerged as a powerful tool for accelerated fundamental and applied studies of gas-liquid reactions, offering facile gas delivery and process intensification. In particular, unique features of highly gas-permeable tubular membranes in flow reactors (i.e., tube-in-tube flow reactor configuration) have been exploited as (i) an efficient analytic tool for gas-liquid solubility and diffusivity measurements and (ii) reliable gas delivery/generation strategy, providing versatile adaptability for a wide range of gas-liquid processes. The tube-in-tube flow reactors have been successfully adopted for rapid exploration of a wide range of gas-liquid reactions (e.g., amination, carboxylation, carbonylation, hydrogenation, ethylenation, oxygenation) using gaseous species both as the reactant and the product, safely handling toxic and flammable gases or unstable intermediate compounds. In this highlight, we present an overview of recent developments in the utilization of such intensified flow reactors within modular flow chemistry platforms for different gas-liquid processes involving carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other gases. We provide a detailed step-by-step guideline for robust assembly and safe operation of tube-in-tube flow reactors. We also discuss the current challenges and potential future directions for further development and utilization of tubular membrane-based flow reactors for gas-liquid processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyong Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morais S, Cario A, Liu N, Bernard D, Lecoutre C, Garrabos Y, Ranchou-Peyruse A, Dupraz S, Azaroual M, Hartman RL, Marre S. Studying key processes related to CO 2 underground storage at the pore scale using high pressure micromodels. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micromodels experimentation for studying and understanding CO2 geological storage mechanisms at the pore scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaïs Cario
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- ICMCB
- Pessac Cedex
| | - Na Liu
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- ICMCB
- Pessac Cedex
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan L. Hartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- New York University
- Brooklyn
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Zhou C, Qu C, Wei M, He X, Bai B. Fabrication and verification of a glass-silicon-glass micro-/nanofluidic model for investigating multi-phase flow in shale-like unconventional dual-porosity tight porous media. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4071-4082. [PMID: 31702750 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional shale or tight oil/gas reservoirs that have micro-/nano-sized dual-scale matrix pore throats with micro-fractures may result in different fluid flow mechanisms compared with conventional oil/gas reservoirs. Microfluidic models, as a potential powerful tool, have been used for decades for investigating fluid flow at the pore-scale in the energy field. However, almost all microfluidic models were fabricated by using etching methods and very few had dual-scale micro-/nanofluidic channels. Herein, we developed a lab-based, quick-processing and cost-effective fabrication method using a lift-off process combined with the anodic bonding method, which avoids the use of any etching methods. A dual-porosity matrix/micro-fracture pattern, which can mimic the topology of shale with random irregular grain shapes, was designed with the Voronoi algorithm. The pore channel width range is 3 μm to 10 μm for matrices and 100-200 μm for micro-fractures. Silicon is used as the material evaporated and deposited onto a glass wafer and then bonded with another glass wafer. The channel depth is the same (250 nm) as the deposited silicon thickness. By using an advanced confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) system, we directly visualized the pore level flow within micro/nano dual-scale channels with fluorescent-dyed water and oil phases. We found a serious fingering phenomenon when water displaced oil in the conduits even if water has higher viscosity and the residual oil was distributed as different forms in the matrices, micro-fractures and conduits. We demonstrated that different matrix/micro-fracture/macro-fracture geometries would cause different flow patterns that affect the oil recovery consequently. Taking advantage of such a micro/nano dual-scale 'shale-like' microfluidic model fabricated by a much simpler and lower-cost method, studies on complex fluid flow behavior within shale or other tight heterogeneous porous media would be significantly beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA.
| | - Chuanle Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
| | - Chuang Qu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mingzhen Wei
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA.
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
| | - Baojun Bai
- Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nirmal GM, Leary TF, Ramachandran A. Mass transfer dynamics in the dissolution of Taylor bubbles. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2746-2756. [PMID: 30681691 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of thermodynamic and mass transfer parameters in gas-liquid systems is critical for the design of macroscale units for separation and reaction processes. The phenomenon of shrinkage of Taylor bubbles upon dissolution has the capability of supplying these design parameters, provided a reliable mathematical model is available for data deconvolution. Unfortunately, the existing models in the literature suffer from at least one of the following three major limitations. First, mass transfer between the bulk liquid segment and the surrounding liquid film has been incorrectly estimated. Second, the liquid segment is assumed to be well mixed, even though there is clear evidence of the contrary in the literature [Yang et al., Chem. Eng. Sci., 2017, 169, 106]. Third, an average mass transfer coefficient is assumed to be valid throughout the dissolution process, despite the fact that bubble velocities can change significantly during dissolution. In this work, we have rectified these limitations and developed a detailed model that takes into account the local concentration gradients and the flow profiles, without resorting to the computationally expensive, full numerical simulations of the fluid flow and concentration distribution equations. To validate the model, experiments were carried out in circular, silica capillaries of different radii by generating segmented flow of CO2 in physical solvents, and the diffusivity and the solubility were subsequently extracted with an error of less than 5%. This work can be extended to the study of gas-liquid-solid reactions in the Taylor flow configuration, and applied to the design of catalyst-coated monolithic reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghata M Nirmal
- 200 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Thomas F Leary
- 200 College St, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lan M, Zhao Z, Zeng Q, Zhou C, Zhang J. Rapid Measurement of Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids with a Simple Tube-in-Tube Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minle Lan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Qingqiulin Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Caijin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Teixeira AR, Zhang H, Jensen KF. Flow Toolkit for Measuring Gas Diffusivity in Liquids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4004-4009. [PMID: 30781945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of gas diffusivity in liquids is critical for describing complex multiphase reaction systems. Here we present a high-throughput flow concept to measure gas diffusivity in liquids. This strategy takes advantage of the tube-in-tube reactor design whereby semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 tubes facilitate fast mass transfer between gas and liquid without directly contacting the two fluids. Coupled pseudosteady-state flux balances over the gas and liquid describe the gas dissolution rate and corresponding diffusivity with the aid of a single gas flow meter and a continuously ramped liquid flow rate. This in situ method demonstrates excellent accuracy in diffusion coefficient measurements, with less than 5% deviation from established techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Andrew R Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Worcester Polytechnic Institute , 100 Institute Road , Worcester , Massachusetts 01609 , United States
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gavoille T, Pannacci N, Bergeot G, Marliere C, Marre S. Microfluidic approaches for accessing thermophysical properties of fluid systems. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermophysical properties of fluid systems under high pressure and high temperature conditions are highly desirable as they are used in many industrial processes both from a chemical engineering point of view and to push forward the development of modeling approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gavoille
- IFP Energies nouvelles
- 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex
- France
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Marre
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- ICMCB
- F-33600 Pessac
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Catalytic activity of nickel nanoparticles stabilized by adsorbing polymers for enhanced carbon sequestration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11786. [PMID: 30082729 PMCID: PMC6079042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work shows the potential of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by polymers for accelerating carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolution into saline aquifers. The catalytic characteristics of Ni NPs were investigated by monitoring changes in diameter of CO2 microbubbles. An increase in ionic strength considerably reduces an electrostatic repulsive force in pristine Ni NPs, thereby decreasing their catalytic potential. This study shows how cationic dextran (DEX), nonionic poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and anionic carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) polymers, the dispersive behaviors of Ni NPs can be used to overcome the negative impact of salinity on CO2 dissolution. The cationic polymer, DEX was less adsorbed onto NPs surfaces, thereby limiting the Ni NPs’ catalytic activity. This behavior is due to a competition for Ni NPs’ surface sites between the cation and DEX under high salinity. On the other hand, the non/anionic polymers, PVP and CMC could be relatively easily adsorbed onto anchoring sites of Ni NPs by the monovalent cation, Na+. Considerable dispersion of Ni NPs by an optimal concentration of the anionic polymers improved their catalytic capabilities even under unfavorable conditions for CO2 dissolution. This study has implications for enhancing geologic sequestration into deep saline aquifers for the purposes of mitigating atmospheric CO2 levels.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qin N, Wen JZ, Ren CL. Hydrodynamic shrinkage of liquid CO 2 Taylor drops in a straight microchannel. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:094002. [PMID: 29431151 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa81c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic shrinkage of liquid CO2 drops in water under a Taylor flow regime is studied using a straight microchannel (length/width ~100). A general form of a mathematical model of the solvent-side mass transfer coefficient (k s) is developed first. Based on formulations of the surface area (A) and the volume (V) of a general Taylor drop in a rectangular microchannel, a specific form of k s is derived. Drop length and speed are experimentally measured at three specified positions of the straight channel, namely, immediately after drop generation (position 1), the midpoint of the channel (position 2) and the end of the channel (position 3). The reductions of drop length (L x , x = 1, 2, 3) from position 1 to 2 and down to 3 are used to quantify the drop shrinkage. Using the specific model, k s is calculated mainly based on L x and drop flowing time (t). Results show that smaller CO2 drops produced by lower flow rate ratios ([Formula: see text]) are generally characterized by higher (nearly three times) k s and Sherwood numbers than those produced by higher [Formula: see text], which is essentially attributed to the larger effective portion of the smaller drop contributing in the mass transfer under same levels of the flowing time and the surface-to-volume ratio (~104 m-1) of all drops. Based on calculated pressure drops of the segmented flow in microchannel, the Peng-Robinson equation of state and initial pressures of drops at the T-junction in experiments, overall pressure drop (ΔP t) in the straight channel as well as the resulted drop volume change are quantified. ΔP t from position 1-3 is by average 3.175 kPa with a ~1.6% standard error, which only leads to relative drop volume changes of 0.3‰ to 0.52‰.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharbatian A, Abedini A, Qi Z, Sinton D. Full Characterization of CO2–Oil Properties On-Chip: Solubility, Diffusivity, Extraction Pressure, Miscibility, and Contact Angle. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2461-2467. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Sharbatian
- Department of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ali Abedini
- Department of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - ZhenBang Qi
- Department of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peters C, Wolff L, Haase S, Thien J, Brands T, Koß HJ, Bardow A. Multicomponent diffusion coefficients from microfluidics using Raman microspectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2768-2776. [PMID: 28660976 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is slow. Thus, diffusion experiments are intrinsically time-consuming and laborious. Additionally, the experimental effort is multiplied for multicomponent systems as the determination of multicomponent diffusion coefficients typically requires several experiments. To reduce the experimental effort, we present the first microfluidic diffusion measurement method for multicomponent liquid systems. The measurement setup combines a microfluidic chip with Raman microspectroscopy. Excellent agreement between experimental results and literature data is achieved for the binary system cyclohexane + toluene and the ternary system 1-propanol + 1-chlorobutane + heptane. The Fick diffusion coefficients are obtained from fitting a multicomponent convection-diffusion model to the mole fractions measured in experiments. Ternary diffusion coefficients can be obtained from a single experiment; high accuracy is already obtained from two experiments. Advantages of the presented measurement method are thus short measurement times, reduced sample consumption, and less experiments for the determination of a multicomponent diffusion coefficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Peters
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bao B, Riordon J, Mostowfi F, Sinton D. Microfluidic and nanofluidic phase behaviour characterization for industrial CO 2, oil and gas. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2740-2759. [PMID: 28731086 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems that leverage unique micro-scale phenomena have been developed to provide rapid, accurate and robust analysis, predominantly for biomedical applications. These attributes, in addition to the ability to access high temperatures and pressures, have motivated recent expanded applications in phase measurements relevant to industrial CO2, oil and gas applications. We here present a comprehensive review of this exciting new field, separating microfluidic and nanofluidic approaches. Microfluidics is practical, and provides similar phase properties analysis to established bulk methods with advantages in speed, control and sample size. Nanofluidic phase behaviour can deviate from bulk measurements, which is of particular relevance to emerging unconventional oil and gas production from nanoporous shale. In short, microfluidics offers a practical, compelling replacement of current bulk phase measurement systems, whereas nanofluidics is not practical, but uniquely provides insight into phase change phenomena at nanoscales. Challenges, trends and opportunities for phase measurements at both scales are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bao
- Interface Fluidics, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr. NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yao C, Liu Y, Xu C, Zhao S, Chen G. Formation of liquid-liquid slug flow in a microfluidic T-junction: Effects of fluid properties and leakage flow. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao Xu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuainan Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing 211816 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Teixeira AR, Zhang H, Jensen KF. Automated in Situ Measurement of Gas Solubility in Liquids with a Simple Tube-in-Tube Reactor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8524-8530. [PMID: 28737892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Data on the solubilities of gases in liquids are foundational for assessing a variety of multiphase separations and gas-liquid reactions. Taking advantage of the tube-in-tube reactor design built with semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 tubes, liquids can be rapidly saturated without direct contacting of gas and liquid. The gas solubility can be determined by performing steady-state flux balances of both the gas and liquid flowing into the reactor system. Using this type of reactor, a fully automated strategy has been developed for the rapid in situ measurement of gas solubilities in liquids. The developed strategy enables precise gas solubility measurements within 2-5 min compared with 4-5 h using conventional methods. This technique can be extended to the discrete multipoint steady-state and continuous ramped-multipoint data acquisition methods. The accuracy of this method has been validated against several gas-liquid systems, showing less than 2% deviation from known values. Finally, this strategy has been extended to measure the temperature dependence of gas solubilities in situ and to estimate the local enthalpy of dissolution across a defined temperature range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew R Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Leary TF, Ramachandran A. The hydrodynamics of segmented two-phase flow in a circular tube with rapidly dissolving drops. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3147-3160. [PMID: 28397931 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses boundary integral simulations of dissolving drops flowing through a cylindrical tube for large aspect ratio drops. The dynamics of drop dissolution is determined by three dimensionless parameters: λ, the viscosity of the drop fluid relative to the suspending fluid; Ca, the capillary number defining the ratio of the hydrodynamic force to the interfacial tension force; and k, a dissolution constant based on the velocity of dissolution. For a single dissolving drop, the velocity in the upstream region is greater than the downstream region, and for sufficiently large k, the downstream velocity can be completely reversed, particularly at low Ca. The upstream end of the drop travels faster and experiences greater deformation than the downstream end. The film thickness, δ, between the drop and the tube wall is governed by a delicate balance between dissolution and changes in the outer fluid velocity resulting from a fixed pressure drop across the tube and mass continuity. Therefore, δ, and consequently, the drop average velocity, can increase, decrease or be relatively invariant in time. For two drops flowing in succession, while low Ca drops maintain a nearly constant separation distance during dissolution, at sufficiently large Ca, for all values of k, dissolution increases the separation distance between drops. Under these conditions, the liquid segments between two adjacent drops can no longer be considered as constant volume stirred tanks. These results will guide the choices of geometry and operating parameters that will facilitate the characterization of fast gas-liquid reactions via two-phase segmented flows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Leary
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E5 - Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molla S, Magro L, Mostowfi F. Microfluidic technique for measuring wax appearance temperature of reservoir fluids. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3795-3803. [PMID: 27713977 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00755d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic technique for measuring wax appearance temperature (WAT) of reservoir fluids is presented. The technique is based on continuous monitoring of pressure across a microchannel as wax particles are deposited and gradually clog the channel. A rapid pressure increase was observed as the temperature was systematically decreased to wax appearance temperature. The relationship between pressure change rate and sample temperature is explored as the working principle in the proposed WAT measurement technique. This technique yields results which are comparable to measurements obtained from a cross-polar microscopy technique (CPM); the current industry-standard for WAT measurement. The method is validated by systematically investigating phase transition of pure hydrocarbons, binary mixtures, and real crude oils. The new technique has two distinct advantages over the existing industry standard methods in that its experimental setup is much simpler and it can be adapted to field applications. The microchannel can be easily cleaned and reused to test different samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Magro
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire Gulliver, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haase S, Murzin DY, Salmi T. Review on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in minichannel wall reactors with gas–liquid Taylor flow. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Abolhasani M, Jensen KF. Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy for chemistry and biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2775-2784. [PMID: 27397146 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous multiphase flow strategies are commonly employed for high-throughput parameter screening of physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as continuous preparation of a wide range of fine chemicals and micro/nano particles with processing times up to 10 min. The inter-dependency of mixing and residence times, and their direct correlation with reactor length have limited the adaptation of multiphase flow strategies for studies of processes with relatively long processing times (0.5-24 h). In this frontier article, we describe an oscillatory multiphase flow strategy to decouple mixing and residence times and enable investigation of longer timescale experiments than typically feasible with conventional continuous multiphase flow approaches. We review current oscillatory multiphase flow technologies, provide an overview of the advancements of this relatively new strategy in chemistry and biology, and close with a perspective on future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu T, Fan R, Delgadillo LF, Wan J. Stabilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) bubbles in micrometer-diameter aqueous droplets and the formation of hollow microparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1587-1592. [PMID: 27025654 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00242k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to stabilize carbon dioxide (CO2) gas bubbles encapsulated in micrometer-diameter aqueous drops when water in the aqueous drops is evaporated. CO2-in-water-in-oil double emulsion drops are generated using microfluidic approaches and evaporation is conducted in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and/or graphene oxide (GO) particles dispersed in the aqueous phase of the double emulsion drops. We examine the roles of the bubble-to-drop size ratio, PVA and GO concentration in the stabilization of CO2 bubbles upon water evaporation and show that thin-shell particles with encapsulated CO2 bubbles can be obtained under optimized conditions. The developed approach offers a new strategy to study CO2 dissolution and stability on the microscale and the synthesis of novel gas-core microparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Lu
- Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Rong Fan
- Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Luis F Delgadillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jiandi Wan
- Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fransen S, Kuhn S. A model-based technique for the determination of interfacial fluxes in gas–liquid flows in capillaries. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-invasive method to quantify interfacial mass transfer in gas–liquid flow is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senne Fransen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abolhasani M, Coley CW, Jensen KF. Multiphase Oscillatory Flow Strategy for in Situ Measurement and Screening of Partition Coefficients. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11130-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abolhasani M, Kumacheva E, Günther A. Peclet Number Dependence of Mass Transfer in Microscale Segmented Gas–Liquid Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Axel Günther
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Musterd M, van Steijn V, Kleijn CR, Kreutzer MT. Calculating the volume of elongated bubbles and droplets in microchannels from a top view image. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a theoretical model to calculate the volume of bubbles and droplets in segmented microflows from given dimensions of the microchannel and measured lengths of bubbles and droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Musterd
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Chris R. Kleijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Michiel T. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology
- 2628 BL Delft
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lestari G, Abolhasani M, Bennett D, Chase P, Günther A, Kumacheva E. Switchable Water: Microfluidic Investigation of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Mediated by Carbon Dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11972-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504184q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lestari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Darla Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Preston Chase
- Switchable Solutions,
Inc., 945 Princess Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Axel Günther
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shim S, Wan J, Hilgenfeldt S, Panchal PD, Stone HA. Dissolution without disappearing: multicomponent gas exchange for CO2 bubbles in a microfluidic channel. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2428-2436. [PMID: 24874437 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the dissolution dynamics of CO2 gas bubbles in a microfluidic channel, both experimentally and theoretically. In the experiments, spherical CO2 bubbles in a flow of a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) first shrink rapidly before attaining an equilibrium size. In the rapid dissolution regime, the time to obtain a new equilibrium is 30 ms regardless of SDS concentration, and the equilibrium radius achieved varies with the SDS concentration. To explain the lack of complete dissolution, we interpret the results by considering the effects of other gases (O2, N2) that are already dissolved in the aqueous phase, and we develop a multicomponent dissolution model that includes the effect of surface tension and the liquid pressure drop along the channel. Solutions of the model for a stationary gas bubble show good agreement with the experimental results, which lead to our conclusion that the equilibrium regime is obtained by gas exchange between the bubbles and liquid phase. Also, our observations from experiments and model calculations suggest that SDS molecules on the gas-liquid interface form a diffusion barrier, which controls the dissolution behaviour and the eventual equilibrium radius of the bubble.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suin Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abolhasani M, Oskooei A, Klinkova A, Kumacheva E, Günther A. Shaken, and stirred: oscillatory segmented flow for controlled size-evolution of colloidal nanomaterials. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2309-18. [PMID: 24828153 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce oscillatory segmented flow as a compact microfluidic format that accommodates slow chemical reactions for the solution-phase processing of colloidal nanomaterials. The strategy allows the reaction progress to be monitored at a dynamic range of up to 80 decibels (i.e., residence times of up to one day, equivalent to 720-14,400 times the mixing time) from only one sensing location. A train of alternating gas bubbles and liquid reaction compartments (segmented flow) was initially formed, stopped and then subjected to a consistent back-and-forth motion. The oscillatory segmented flow was obtained by periodically manipulating the pressures at the device inlet and outlet via square wave signals generated by non-wetted solenoid valves. The readily implementable format significantly reduced the device footprint as compared with continuous segmented flow. We investigated mixing enhancement for varying liquid segment lengths, oscillation amplitudes and oscillation frequencies. The etching of gold nanorods served as a case study to illustrate the utility of the approach for dynamic characterization and precise control of colloidal nanomaterial size and shape for 5 h. Oscillatory segmented flows will be beneficial for a broad range of lab-on-a-chip applications that require long processing times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Abolhasani M, Günther A, Kumacheva E. Microfluidic studies of carbon dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7992-8002. [PMID: 24961230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, storage and recycling will greatly benefit from comprehensive studies of physical and chemical gas-liquid processes involving CO2. Over the past five years, microfluidics emerged as a valuable tool in CO2-related research, due to superior mass and heat transfer, reduced axial dispersion, well-defined gas-liquid interfacial areas and the ability to vary reagent concentrations in a high-throughput manner. This Minireview highlights recent progress in microfluidic studies of CO2-related processes, including dissolution of CO2 in physical solvents, CO2 reactions, the utilization of CO2 in materials science, and the use of supercritical CO2 as a "green" solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Ontario (Canada)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rausch MH, Heller A, Herbst J, Koller TM, Bahlmann M, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Fröba AP. Mutual and Thermal Diffusivity of Binary Mixtures of the Ionic Liquids [BMIM][C(CN)3] and [BMIM][B(CN)4] with Dissolved CO2 by Dynamic Light Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4636-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501973s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Rausch
- Erlangen
Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 8, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Heller
- Erlangen
Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 8, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Herbst
- Erlangen
Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Koller
- Erlangen
Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 8, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bahlmann
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S. Schulz
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas P. Fröba
- Erlangen
Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Am Weichselgarten 8, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Voicu D, Abolhasani M, Choueiri R, Lestari G, Seiler C, Menard G, Greener J, Guenther A, Stephan DW, Kumacheva E. Microfluidic Studies of CO2 Sequestration by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3875-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Voicu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Rachelle Choueiri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gabriella Lestari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Caroline Seiler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gabriel Menard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Départment
de Chimie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon local 1220, av. De la
Médecine, Québec QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Axel Guenther
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Microfluidic investigation into mass transfer in compressible multi-phase systems composed of oil, water and carbon dioxide at elevated pressure. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
41
|
Sauzade M, Cubaud T. Initial microfluidic dissolution regime of CO2 bubbles in viscous oils. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:051001. [PMID: 24329206 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examine the initial dynamical behavior of dissolving microbubbles composed of carbon dioxide gas in highly viscous silicone oils over a range of flow rates and pressure conditions. Microfluidic periodic trains of CO(2) bubbles are used to probe the interrelation between bubble dissolution and high-viscosity multiphase flows in microgeometries. We investigate bubble morphology from low to large capillary numbers and calculate the effective mass diffusion flux across the interface by tracking and monitoring individual bubbles during shrinkage. The initial flux is characterized using a dissolution coefficient that reveals the influence of the oil molecular weight on the dissolution process. Our findings show the possibility to control and exploit the interplay between capillary and mass transfer phenomena with highly viscous fluids in small-scale systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sauzade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11734, USA
| | - Thomas Cubaud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11734, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Haas TW, Fadaei H, Sinton D. Laminated thin-film Teflon chips for petrochemical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4236-9. [PMID: 22971914 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present Teflon-based microfluidic chips fabricated by laminating multiple layers of laser-cut Teflon film. In addition to being solvent-resistant, these chips enable simple multilayer fabrication, have uniform rectangular cross-section and are sufficiently thin to (1) reduce cost, (2) enable rapid temperature control, and (3) provide optical transparency. The chips can be fabricated without a cleanroom from start to finish in less than 2 h. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by measuring the displacement of an oil solution by carbon dioxide in a nine-layer thin-film Teflon chip modelling porous media. Optical transparency through the 9-layers enables the determination of an oil recovery rate. We also demonstrate a thin-film chip measurement of the viscosity of heavy oil/toluene mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W de Haas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|