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Liao J, Zhang Y, Ma C, Wu G, Zhang W. Microbiome-metabolome reveals that the Suxiao Jiuxin pill attenuates acute myocardial infarction associated with fatty acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116529. [PMID: 37086873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Suxiao Jiuxin pill (SJP) is a Chinese medical patent drug on the national essential drug list of China, with well-established cardiovascular protective effects in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SJP on cardiovascular disease have not yet been elucidated clearly, especially its relationship with the gut microbiota. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of SJP against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by integrating the gut microbiome and metabolome. METHODS A rat model of AMI was generated using isoproterenol. Firstly, the effect of antibiotic (ABX) treatment on the blood absorption and excretion of the main components of SJP were studied. Secondly, 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to discover the improvement of SJP treatment on gut microbiota and host metabolism in AMI rats. Finally, targeted metabolomics was used to verify the effects of SJP treatment on host metabolism in AMI rats. RESULT The results showed that ABX treatment could affect the blood absorption and fecal excretion of the main active components of SJP. At the same time, SJP can restore the richness and diversity of gut microbiota, and multiple gut microbiota (including Jeotgalicoccus, Lachnospiraceae, and Blautia) are significantly associated with fatty acids. Untargeted metabolomics also found that SJP could restore the levels of various fatty acid metabolites in serum and cecal contents (p < 0.01, FC > 1.5 and VIP >1). Targeted metabolomics further confirmed that 41, 21, and 39 fatty acids were significantly altered in serum, cecal contents, and heart samples, respectively. Interestingly, these fatty acids belong to the class of eicosanoids, and SJP can significantly downregulate these eicosanoids in AMI rats. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that SJP may exert its cardioprotective effects by remodeling the gut microbiota and host fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, 510006, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, 510006, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Sun Y, Cheng G, Du L, Gan Y, Li B, Yan S, Shao M, Jin H, Li S. Chuanzhitongluo capsule ameliorates microcirculatory dysfunction in rats: Efficacy evaluation and metabolic profiles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011333. [PMID: 36278210 PMCID: PMC9585327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Microcirculatory dysfunction is the foremost hindrance for a good clinical prognosis in ischemic stroke patients. Clinical researches show that Chuanzhitongluo capsule (CZTL) has a curative effect during the recovery period of ischemic stroke, which contributes to a good prognosis. However, it is not known whether CZTL treats ischemic stroke by ameliorating microcirculation dysfunction. Objective: In this study, we investigated the influence of CZTL on microcirculation and its underlying mechanism. Methods: A rat model of acute microcirculatory dysfunction was established by stimuli of adrenaline and ice water. The microcirculatory damage in model rats and the efficacy of CZTL were assessed by detecting laser speckle contrast imaging, coagulation function, hemorheology, vasomotor factor and microcirculation function. The potential mechanism of CZTL action was explored by the untargeted metabolomic analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Results: Laser speckle contrast imaging showed that model rats suffered low perfusion in ears, feet and tails, and CZTL treatment increased microcirculatory blood flow. Coagulation function detection results showed that CZTL diminished the reduction of thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and the elevated fibrinogen level caused by acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Furthermore, CZTL could recover the increased blood viscosity as well as the abnormal vasomotor and microcirculation function in rats with acute microcirculatory dysfunction. Metabolomics analysis indicated that CZTL might regulate sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism to exert protective effects on microcirculation. Conclusion: These results elucidated that CZTL was highly effective against microcirculatory dysfunction and its potential mechanisms related with the modulation of sphingolipid and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. The present study provided a new perspective on the clinical application of CZTL, and it contribute to explore novel therapeutic drug against microcirculatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Sun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Du
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Mingguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Mingguo Shao, ; Shasha Li,
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd, Linyi, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mingguo Shao, ; Shasha Li,
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Fang X, Ma Q, Zhang KX, Yao SY, Feng Y, Jin YS, Liang S. Synthesis of phthalide derivatives and evaluation on their antiplatelet aggregation and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1176-1187. [PMID: 31755304 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1681982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As part of our continuing efforts to discover structurally interesting bioactive phthalide derivatives, 23 of them with a structure incorporating thiophen or halogens were designed and synthesized, 17 of which are previously unreported. In vitro antiplatelet aggregation activity screening showed that 14b could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, compared with edaravone (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, oxidative damage models using SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells induced by H2O2 were built to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the phthalide derivatives. In SH-SY5Y cells, compared with aspirin, 1a significantly increased the relative cell survival rate (p < 0.05). Compared with edaravone, 1a (p < 0.01) and 15b (p < 0.05) significantly increased the relative cell survival rate. In PC12 cells, 1a (p < 0.01), 15b (p < 0.01), and 12a (p < 0.05) remarkably increased the cell survival rate compared with edaravone. The present study identified lead structures to develop potential anti-ischemic stroke agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Song-Yun Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Hu SB, Zou Q, Lv X, Zhou RL, Niu X, Weng C, Chen F, Fan YW, Deng ZY, Li J. 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 activate the MAPK pathway to regulate the expression of PLA2 and cause inflammation in HUVECs. Food Funct 2020; 11:649-661. [PMID: 31895396 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
trans fatty acids (TFAs) have been reported to promote vascular diseases mainly by promoting apoptosis and inflammation of vascular endothelial cells. However, it has been reported in recent years that elaidic acid (9t18:1) and vaccenic acid (11t18:1) may have different effects on vascular health. This study investigated the effects of 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) function and the possible mechanism of inflammation by analyzing the changes in the phospholipid composition and the relationship between phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and MAPK pathway. Here we found that the effect of 11t18:1 on cell viability, membrane damage and cellular inflammation was significantly lower than that of 9t18:1 (p < 0.05). And 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 had different effects on phospholipid composition. Both 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 significantly increased the protein expression of PLA2. Moreover, the MAPK pathway regulated the expression of PLA2, inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in HUVECs induced by 9t18:1 and 11t18:1. In conclusion, 9t18:1 and 11t18:1 activated the MAPK pathway which regulated the expression of PLA2 to cause inflammation in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ben Hu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Natural Drugs as a Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Disease through the Regulation of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5430407. [PMID: 33062142 PMCID: PMC7537704 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5430407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the physiological imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative processes leading to increased oxidation, which then results in the inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased protease secretion, and the production of a large number of oxidative intermediates. Oxidative stress is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). At present, active components of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for the treatment of CVD, including coronary heart disease and hypertension. Since the discovery of artemisinin for the treatment of malaria by Nobel laureate Youyou Tu, the therapeutic effects of active components of CHM on various diseases have been widely investigated by the medical community. It has been found that various active CHM components can regulate oxidative stress and the circulatory system, including ginsenoside, astragaloside, and resveratrol. This paper reviews advances in the use of active CHM components that modulate oxidative stress, suggesting potential drugs for the treatment of various CVDs.
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Guo L, Gong M, Wu S, Qiu F, Ma L. Identification and quantification of the quality markers and anti-migraine active components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma herbal pair based on chemometric analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112228. [PMID: 31513838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Cyperi Rhizoma (CRCR), an ancient and classic herbal pair, has been used in herbal medicines for treating migraine, but its effective components are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to identify and quantify the quality markers and anti-migraine active components in CRCR based on chemometric analysis between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPLC fingerprints of eight batches of CRCR samples were obtained, and their characteristic common peaks were identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The therapeutic effects of eight batches of CRCR samples on nitroglycerin-induced migraine rats were evaluated by migraine-related neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to screen the quality markers. Artificial neural network and partial least squares regression models were used to screen the anti-migraine compounds by correlating the chemical constituents in HPLC fingerprints and pharmacological indicators. RESULTS Eighteen characteristic common peaks were found in the HPLC fingerprints, including eleven known compounds and seven unknown compounds. Ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I (SI), senkyunolide A (SA), 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), Z-ligustilide (LIG), Z-3-butylidenephthalide (BDPH), nookatone (NKT), levistilide A (LA), α-cyperone (CYP) and other five unknown compounds (P1, P2, P7, P8 and P9) were identified as quality markers. SA, NBP, LIG, NKT, CYP and other three unknown compounds (P1, P4 and P9) can be considered as anti-migraine prototype compounds. The quality markers and anti-migraine active components were further quantified in CRCR extract, rat serum and cerebral cortex by UPLC-MS/MS, which gives a clue to track the dynamic changes of the contents of the main constituents. CONCLUSIONS Our study explored the anti-migraine material basis, and could lay a foundation for the improvement of the quality control of CRCR in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Muxin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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The Importance of Natural Antioxidants in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Animal Models: An Overview. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3642491. [PMID: 32676138 PMCID: PMC7336207 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3642491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) face devastating health, social, and financial consequences, as well as their families and caregivers. Reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are essential strategies for SCI treatment. Some compounds from traditional medicine could be useful to decrease ROS generated after SCI. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of some natural compounds with antioxidant capacity used in traditional medicine to treat traumatic SCI. An electronic search of published articles describing animal models of SCI treated with natural compounds from traditional medicine was conducted using the following terms: Spinal Cord Injuries (MeSH terms) AND Models, Animal (MeSH terms) AND [Reactive Oxygen Species (MeSH terms) AND/OR Oxidative Stress (MeSH term)] AND Medicine, Traditional (MeSH terms). Articles reported from 2010 to 2018 were included. The results were further screened by title and abstract for studies performed in rats, mice, and nonhuman primates. The effects of these natural compounds are discussed, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of natural compounds were emphasized since oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the generation and progression of several pathologies of the nervous system. The use of these compounds diminishes toxic effects due to their high antioxidant capacity. These compounds have been tested in animal models with promising results; however, no clinical studies have been conducted in humans. Further research of these natural compounds is crucial to a better understanding of their effects in patients with SCI.
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A systematic review on the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:309-325. [PMID: 29486278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chuanxiong Rhizome (called Chuanxiong, CX in Chinese), the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, is an extremely common traditional edible-medicinal herb. As a widely used ethnomedicine in Asia including China, Japan and Korea, CX possesses ideal therapeutic effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and is also used as a major ingredient in soups for regular consumption to benefit health. Based on the traditional perception, amounts of investigations on different aspects have been done for CX in the past decades. However, no literature systematic review about these achievements have been compiled. Herein, the aim of this review is to present the up-to-date information on the ethnobotany, ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, toxicology of this plant to identify their therapeutic potential and directs future research opportunities. So far, about 174 compounds has been isolated and identified from CX, in which phthalides and alkaloids would be the main bioactive ingredients for its pharmacological properties, such as anti-cerebral ischemia, anti-myocardial ischemia, blood vessel protection, anti-thrombotic, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-asthma effects. Even so, due to the incomplete standardized planting, unstable herbal quality, and outdated preparation techniques, the industrial progress of CX is still less developed.
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Donkor PO, Chen Y, Ding L, Qiu F. Locally and traditionally used Ligusticum species - A review of their phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:530-548. [PMID: 27729283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligusticum species (Umbelliferae) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, Korean folk medicine and Native American medicine for their medicinal and nutritional value. Decoctions of the rhizomes are used in treatment and prophylaxis of migraine, anemia and cardiovascular conditions including stroke. AIM OF STUDY This review is intended to fully compile the constituents of locally and traditionally used Ligusticum species, present their bioactivities and highlight potential leads for future drug design, and thus, provide a reference for further research and application of these species. Emphasis is also placed on current trends in the pharmacokinetic studies of the major constituents. METHODS The literature discussed is derived from readily accessible papers spanning the early 1990s to the end of 2015. Information was collected from journals, books and online searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Springerlink and CNKI). RESULTS The major phytoconstituents, 154 of which are presented in this review, include alkaloids, phthalides and phenolic acids. The crude extracts and isolated constituents have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The bioactive alkaloid tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has attracted the most attention for its potent effect on calcium channels, anti-platelet as well as anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of major constituents have also been summarized. CONCLUSION The pthalides, organic acids and alkaloids of Ligusticum species have emerged as a good source of traditional medicines for the management of cardio- and cerebrovascular conditions, inflammation and neurogenerative disorders. The species discussed in this review have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great potential to yield multipotent drugs if challenges such as poor bioavailability, solubility and toxicological profiles are addressed. Apart from the rhizomes, pharmacological activities of other botanical parts also need to be studied further. Expansion of research to cover other species in the Ligusticum genus would provide more opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Owusu Donkor
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box KB 52, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Schlotterer A, Greten HJ, Remppis BA, Kukudov G, Efferth T, Machado J, Humpert P, Hammes HP, Morcos M. Neuroprotection and antioxidative effects of Sijunzi Tang Decoction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang C, Xu Y, Zhou H, Yang L, Yu S, Gao Y, Huang Y, Lu L, Liang X. Tetramethylpyrazine protects CoCl2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PHD2/HIF/1α-VEGF pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1287-96. [PMID: 26676934 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), one of the active ingredients isolated from a Chinese herbal prescription, possesses protective effects against apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism of its protective effects in endothelial cells remains to be elucidated. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the present study assessed the protective effects of TMP on CoCl2-induced apoptosis. Following pre-incubation with CoCl2 (150 µM/ml) for 4 h, the HUVECs were treated with TMP at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µM/ml) for 8 h. TMP upregulated the expression of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)2, reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and reduced the expression of HIF-1α only at the protein level, not at the mRNA level in HUVECs, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, silencing of the PHD2 gene with small interfering (si)RNAs abolished the reduction in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and VEGF by TMP. In addition, TMP protected CoCl2-induced HUVEC injury via an apoptosis pathway, as characterized by the increased ratio of cell viability and the reduced percentage of apoptotic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive HUVECs, activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2/Bcl-2-activated X protein expression, as well as the release of cytochrome c. The protective properties of TMP were partially attributed to the mRNA and protein expression levels of PHD, since silencing of the PHD2 gene with siRNAs abolished these effects. The present study demonstrated that the antiapoptotic effect of TMP in CoCl2-induced HUVECs was, at least in part, via the regulation of the PHD2/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Huanjiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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Lu C, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Shao J, Wu L, Wu X, Lian N, Chen L, Jin H, Chen Q, Lu Y, Zheng S. Tetramethylpyrazine prevents ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Life Sci 2015; 141:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lu S, Wang J, Ma Q, Yang J, Li X, Yuan YJ. Phospholipid metabolism in an industry microalga Chlorella sorokiniana: the impact of inoculum sizes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70827. [PMID: 23940649 PMCID: PMC3733633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana is an important industry microalga potential for biofuel production. Inoculum size is one of the important factors in algal large-scale culture, and has great effects on the growth, lipid accumulation and metabolism of microalgae. As the first barrier of cell contents, membrane plays a vital role in algal inoculum-related metabolism. The knowledge of phospholipids, the main membrane component and high accumulation of phospholipids as the major content of total lipids mass in some microalgae, is necessary to understand the role of membrane in cell growth and metabolism under different inoculum density. Profiling of C. sorokiniana phospholipids with LC-MS led to the identification of 119 phospholipid species. To discover the phospholipid molecules most related to change of inoculum sizes, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was employed and the results revealed that inoculum sizes significantly affected phospholipid profiling. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidyl- ethanolamine (PE) and several phosphatidylcholine (PC) species might play an important role under our experimental conditions. Further analysis of these biomarkers indicated that cell membrane status of C. sorokiniana might play an important role in the adaption to the inoculum sizes. And the culture with inoculum size of 1×106 cells mL−1 presented the best membrane status with the highest content of PC and PG, and the lowest content of PE. We discovered that the inoculum size of 1×106 cells mL−1 might provide the best growth condition for C. sorokiniana. Also we proposed that PG, PE and several PC may play an important role in inoculum-related metabolism in C. sorokiniana, which may work through thylakoid membrane and photosynthetic pathway. Thus this study would provide more potential targets for metabolic engineering to improve biofuel production and productivity in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Atherosclerosis Development and Protects Endothelial Cells from ox-LDL. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 27:199-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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