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Zimmerman T, Ibrahim SA. Autolysis and Cell Death Is Affected by pH in L. reuteri DSM 20016 Cells. FOODS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:foods10051026. [PMID: 34065120 PMCID: PMC8150876 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A key obstacle to the successful delivery of a probiotic to the consumer is maintaining viability of the live cells during storage, a challenge for the beneficial Lactibacillus reuteri. Three processes play a role in the reduction of viability: autolysis, cell death, and cell weakening. Using a phosphate induction model of autolysis, the initial aim of this project was to discover novel molecular determinants of autolysis in L. reuteri, with the long -term goal of elucidating new strategies for increasing viability. We employed a 2D Native/SDS-Page method to monitor changes in protein expression over time; however, the result was that excess phosphate did not induce noticeable changes in expression patterns. On the other hand, we found that pH affects both the rate of total viability and autolysis, as seen with other species of LAB. In addition, we found that the phosphate model of autolysis may not be sufficient to explain how autolysis is triggered in L. reuteri. Two parameters appear to modulate the pH in media containing L. reuteri cells: overall buffering capacity and the presence of a carbon source. Ultimately, phosphate sources appear to facilitate autolysis by maintaining pH in the media via a higher buffering capacity. In addition, the alkaline sugar free almond drink appears to be a promising possible preservative for L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahl Zimmerman
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-4863; Fax: +1-336-334-7239
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Baker A, Syed A, Alyousef AA, Arshad M, Alqasim A, Khalid M, Khan MS. Sericin-functionalized GNPs potentiate the synergistic effect of levofloxacin and balofloxacin against MDR bacteria. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104467. [PMID: 32877723 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A gradual expansion in resistant bacterial strains against commercially available antibacterial agents is the serious concern of the given research. It poses critical problem for public health. Thus, the demand for new antimicrobial agents has increased the interest in newer technologies and innovative approaches are required to advance the diagnosis and elimination of causative organisms. In this study, the potential role of technologies based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has been evaluated. GNPs were synthesized by using a cysteine protease, sericin whose reducing properties were exploited to bioengineer NPs (SrGNPs) where sericin with the help of thiol groups encapsulated over the surface of GNPs. Further, SrGNPs were bioconjugated with levofloxacin (Levo) and balofloxacin (Balo) to increase the efficacy of these drugs. Here, the antibacterial action of SrGNPs and their bioconjugated counterparts comprising Levo (Levo-SrGNPs), Balo (Balo-SrGNPs), and Levo/Balo (Levo-Balo-SrGNPs) were examined against normal and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli and S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these bioconjugates against said bacteria were found less than their pure counterparts. Further, the synergistic role of SrGNPs in combination with Levo and Balo was also explained using Chou-Talalay (C-T) method. The synthesis and bioconjugation of SrGNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta-potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqasim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202001, UP, India.
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Cheng ZX, Guo C, Chen ZG, Yang TC, Zhang JY, Wang J, Zhu JX, Li D, Zhang TT, Li H, Peng B, Peng XX. Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism confounds efficacy of complement-mediated killing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3325. [PMID: 31346171 PMCID: PMC6658569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum resistance is a poorly understood but common trait of some difficult-to-treat pathogenic strains of bacteria. Here, we report that glycine, serine and threonine catabolic pathway is down-regulated in serum-resistant Escherichia coli, whereas exogenous glycine reverts the serum resistance and effectively potentiates serum to eliminate clinically-relevant bacterial pathogens in vitro and in vivo. We find that exogenous glycine increases the formation of membrane attack complex on bacterial membrane through two previously unrecognized regulations: 1) glycine negatively and positively regulates metabolic flux to purine biosynthesis and Krebs cycle, respectively. 2) α-Ketoglutarate inhibits adenosine triphosphate synthase, which in together promote the formation of cAMP/CRP regulon to increase the expression of complement-binding proteins HtrE, NfrA, and YhcD. The results could lead to effective strategies for managing the infection with serum-resistant bacteria, an especially valuable approach for treating individuals with weak acquired immunity but a normal complement system. Serum-resistant bacteria can escape complement killing in the bloodstream. Here, using metabolomics and metabolite perturbations, the authors describe an altered metabolic state in serum-resistant Escherichia coli and show that exogenous glycine potentiates elimination of pathogenic bacteria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xue Cheng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Li H, Zhang DF, Lin XM, Peng XX. Outer membrane proteomics of kanamycin-resistant Escherichia coli identified MipA as a novel antibiotic resistance-related protein. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv074. [PMID: 25940639 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a great threat to human health and food safety and there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of resistance for combating these bacteria. In the current study, comparative proteomic methodologies were applied to identify Escherichia coli K-12 outer membrane (OM) proteins related to kanamycin resistance. Mass spectrometry and western blotting results revealed that OM proteins TolC, Tsx and OstA were up-regulated, whereas MipA, OmpA, FadL and OmpW were down-regulated in kanamycin-resistant E. coli K-12 strain. Genetic deletion of tolC (ΔtolC-Km) led to a 2-fold decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of kanamycin and deletion of mipA (ΔmipA-Km) resulted in a 4-fold increase in the MIC of kanamycin. Changes in the MICs for genetically modified strains could be completely recovered by gene complementation. Compared with the wild-type strain, the survival capability of ΔompA-Km was significantly increased and that of Δtsx-Km was significantly decreased. We further evaluated the role and expression of MipA in response to four other antibiotics including nalidixic acid, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and aureomycin, which suggested that MipA was a novel OM protein related to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-feng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-min Lin
- Agroecological Institute, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Lab Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Guo C, Liu XJ, Cheng ZX, Liu YJ, Li H, Peng X. Characterization of protein species and weighted protein co-expression network regulation of Escherichia coli in response to serum killing using a 2-DE based proteomics approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 10:475-84. [PMID: 24366695 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications, providing covalent alterations to extend their functions, show protein species on 2-DE gels, but our knowledge on protein species is still limited. In the present study, characteristics of protein species are determined in Escherichia coli using 2-DE based proteomics. In the E. coli proteome, 691 unique proteins (representing 1096 protein spots) accounting for 15.37% of gene-coding proteins of the bacterium are identified. Out of them, 191 have 596 protein species. Proteins with higher abundance, a higher proportion of Glu, Gly, Lys, and higher pI are more likely to have protein species. Further investigation on bacterial serum resistance indicates that more proteins with protein species are found in the bacterium in response to serum stress. A weighted protein co-expression network shows that protein species are related to topological connection as a result of protein regulation. The node protein IleS is demonstrated to contribute to serum resistance using a gene-deleted mutant. These results have revealed general characteristic features of bacterial species, and also provided novel insights into the biological significance of bacterial protein species, particularly the role in serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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Papanastasiou M, Orfanoudaki G, Koukaki M, Kountourakis N, Sardis MF, Aivaliotis M, Karamanou S, Economou A. The Escherichia coli peripheral inner membrane proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:599-610. [PMID: 23230279 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are essential for cell viability. Their functional characteristics strongly depend on their protein content, which consists of transmembrane (integral) and peripherally associated membrane proteins. Both integral and peripheral inner membrane proteins mediate a plethora of biological processes. Whereas transmembrane proteins have characteristic hydrophobic stretches and can be predicted using bioinformatics approaches, peripheral inner membrane proteins are hydrophilic, exist in equilibria with soluble pools, and carry no discernible membrane targeting signals. We experimentally determined the cytoplasmic peripheral inner membrane proteome of the model organism Escherichia coli using a multidisciplinary approach. Initially, we extensively re-annotated the theoretical proteome regarding subcellular localization using literature searches, manual curation, and multi-combinatorial bioinformatics searches of the available databases. Next we used sequential biochemical fractionations coupled to direct identification of individual proteins and protein complexes using high resolution mass spectrometry. We determined that the proposed cytoplasmic peripheral inner membrane proteome occupies a previously unsuspected ∼19% of the basic E. coli BL21(DE3) proteome, and the detected peripheral inner membrane proteome occupies ∼25% of the estimated expressed proteome of this cell grown in LB medium to mid-log phase. This value might increase when fleeting interactions, not studied here, are taken into account. Several proteins previously regarded as exclusively cytoplasmic bind membranes avidly. Many of these proteins are organized in functional or/and structural oligomeric complexes that bind to the membrane with multiple interactions. Identified proteins cover the full spectrum of biological activities, and more than half of them are essential. Our data suggest that the cytoplasmic proteome displays remarkably dynamic and extensive communication with biological membrane surfaces that we are only beginning to decipher.
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