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Pan C, Ji Z, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li C, Lu S, Ge P. Cuproptosis: Mechanisms, biological significance, and advances in disease treatment-A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70039. [PMID: 39267265 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is an essential trace element for biological systems, as it plays a critical role in the activity of various enzymes and metabolic processes. However, the dysregulation of copper homeostasis is closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous diseases. In recent years, copper-induced cell death, a novel form of cellular demise, has garnered significant attention. This process is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of intracellular copper ions, leading to cellular dysfunction and eventual cell death. Copper toxicity occurs through the interaction of copper with acylated enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This interaction results in subsequent protein aggregation, causing proteotoxic stress and ultimately resulting in cell death. Despite the promise of these findings, the detailed mechanisms and broader implications of cuproptosis remain underexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the role of copper in cell death and autophagy, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis. We also aimed to discuss recent advancements in copper-related research across various diseases and tumors, providing insights for future studies and potential therapeutic applications. MAIN BODY This review delves into the biological significance of copper metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying copper-induced cell death. Furthermore, we discuss the role of copper toxicity in the pathogenesis of various diseases, emphasizing recent advancements in the field of oncology. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting copper toxicity. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need for further research to explore alternative pathways of copper-induced cell death, detailed mechanisms of cuproptosis, and biomarkers for copper poisoning. Future research should focus on exploring the molecular mechanisms of cuproptosis, developing new therapeutic strategies, and verifying their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhenchuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Dmitriev OY, Patry J. Structure and mechanism of the human copper transporting ATPases: Fitting the pieces into a moving puzzle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184306. [PMID: 38408697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Human copper transporters ATP7B and ATP7A deliver copper to biosynthetic pathways and maintain copper homeostasis in the cell. These enzymes combine several challenges for structural biology because they are large low abundance membrane proteins with many highly mobile domains and long disordered loops. No method has yet succeeded in solving the structure of the complete fully functional protein. Still, X-ray crystallography, Cryo-EM and NMR helped to piece together a structure based model of the enzyme activity and regulation by copper. We review the structures of ATP7B and ATP7A with an emphasis on the mechanistic insights into the unique aspects of the transport function and regulation of the human copper ATPases that have emerged from more than twenty years of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Y Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Jaala Patry
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Chakraborty K, Das S, Pal A, Maji S, Rai B, Gupta A, Bhattacharjee A. Wilson disease-causing mutations in the carboxyl terminus of ATP7B regulates its localization and Golgi exit selectively in the unpolarized cells. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad051. [PMID: 37660282 PMCID: PMC10506129 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutational inactivation of the P-type Cu-ATPase ATP7B interferes with its cellular functions to varying extent leading to varied cellular phenotypes. Wilson's disease (WD) primarily affects organs composed of polarized/differentiated epithelial cells. Therefore, phenotypic variability might differ depending on the polarization/differentiation of the cells. The present study investigates the intracellular stability and localization of ATP7B harboring WD mutations in both unpolarized/undifferentiated and polarized/differentiated cell-based models. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-ATP7B harboring the WD causing mutations, N41S, S653Y, R778Q, G1061E, H1069Q, S1423N, S1426I, and T1434M, are included for investigation. The C-terminal WD mutations (S1423N, S1426I, and T1434M), exhibit distinct localization and Cu(I) responsive anterograde and retrograde trafficking in undifferentiated/unpolarized vs. differentiated/polarized cells. While basal localization of the S1423N mutant gets corrected in the differentiated glia, its Cu(I) responsive anterograde and retrograde trafficking behavior is not identical to the wild-type. But localization and trafficking properties are completely rescued for the S1426I and T1434M mutants in the differentiated cells. Comprehensive meta-analysis on the effect of the reported C-terminal mutations on patient phenotype and cultured cells demonstrate discrete regions having distinct effects. While mutations in the proximal C-terminus affect ATP7B stability, the present study shows that the distal region dictates cell-specific Trans Golgi Network (TGN) localization and exit. The localization and export properties are corrected in the differentiated cells, which is a plausible mechanism for the milder phenotype exhibited by these mutations. It highlights the critical role of the C-terminus in cell-specific TGN retention and exit of ATP7B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anusree Pal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, India
| | - Saptarshi Maji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhawana Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Lafhal K, Sabir ES, Hakmaoui A, Hammoud M, Aimrane A, Najeh S, Assiri I, Berrachid A, Imad N, Boujemaa CA, Aziz F, El Hanafi FZ, Lalaoui A, Aamri H, Boyko I, Sánchez-Monteagudo A, Espinós C, Sab IA, Aboussair N, Bourrahouat A, Fdil N. Clinical, biochemical and molecular characterization of Wilson's disease in Moroccan patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 36:100984. [PMID: 37323222 PMCID: PMC10267639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wilson Disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. WD is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations expressed by hepatic and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. The disease is difficult to diagnose, and misdiagnosed cases are commonly seen. Methods In this study, the presented symptoms of WD, the biochemical parameters as well as its natural history are described based on cases collected in Mohammed VI Hospital University of Marrakech (Morocco). We screened and sequenced 21 exons of ATP7B gene from 12 WD patients that confirmed through biochemical diagnosis. Results Mutational assessment of the ATP7B gene showed six homozygous mutations in 12 individuals however, 2 patients had no evidence of any mutation in promoter and exonic regions. All mutations are pathogenic and most were missense mutations. c.2507G > A (p.G836E), c.3694A > C (p.T1232P) and c.3310 T > C (p.C1104R) that were identified in 4 patients. The other mutations were a non-sense mutation (c.865C > T (p.C1104R)) detected in 2 patients, a splice mutation (c.51 + 4A > T) detected in 2 patients and a frameshift mutation (c.1746 dup (p.E583Rfs*25) detected in 2 patients. Conclusion Our study is the first molecular analysis in Moroccan patients with Wilson's disease, the ATP7B mutational spectrum in the Moroccan population is diverse and still unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Lafhal
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Es-said Sabir
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmalek Hakmaoui
- Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Miloud Hammoud
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmohcine Aimrane
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Samira Najeh
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Imane Assiri
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelaati Berrachid
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Najwa Imad
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Chaima Ait Boujemaa
- Center of Clinical Research, University Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Faissal Aziz
- National Center for Study and Research on Water and Energy, PO Box 511, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech., Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra El Hanafi
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Lalaoui
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hasna Aamri
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Iryna Boyko
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Laboratory of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit INCLIVA & IIS La Fe Rare Diseases, Valencia, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Imane Ait Sab
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Nisrine Aboussair
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Aicha Bourrahouat
- Mother-Child Hospital, Pediatric Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Naima Fdil
- Metabolic Platform, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Recchia BK, Stokol T, Goto-Koshino Y, Ohno K, Miner KDR. Diagnosis, management and genetic analysis of a cat with primary copper hepatopathy. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231177275. [PMID: 37427085 PMCID: PMC10328163 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231177275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 2-year-old spayed female domestic longhair cat was presented for evaluation of chronic ocular discharge and occasional vomiting. While physical examination findings were consistent with an upper respiratory infection (URI), serum chemistry results revealed increased liver enzyme activities. Histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy identified substantial centrilobular accumulation of copper in hepatocytes - strongly suggestive of primary copper hepatopathy (PCH). Retrospective cytologic examination of a liver aspirate also identified copper aggregates in hepatocytes. After transitioning to a low-copper diet, 1 year of chelation therapy with D-penicillamine achieved normalization of liver enzyme activities and resolution of persistent ocular signs. Subsequently, a long-term regimen of zinc gluconate has been successfully managing the cat's PCH for almost 3 years. Sanger sequencing of the cat's ATP7B gene, which encodes a copper-transporting protein, revealed a novel, 'likely pathogenic', single nucleotide variation (c.3670t/a [p.Trp1224Arg]), for which the cat is heterozygous. Relevance and novel information Recommendations are described for the long-term clinical management of feline PCH - a previously attainable but unreported outcome - with considerations for mitigating the speculated oxidation-exacerbated ocular risks of concurrent URI. This report is the first to include identification of copper aggregates in a liver aspirate from a cat - evidence that liver aspirates from cats could be routinely examined for copper as is standard practice for those from dogs. The cat is also the first reported with PCH and a 'likely pathogenic' heterozygous ATP7B genotype, which suggests that normal ATP7B alleles could be recessive to or incompletely/co- dominant with deleterious ATP7B alleles in cats, as has been reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Toyko, Japan
| | - Kayla DR Miner
- Affectionately Cats Veterinary Hospital, Williston, VT, USA
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Lin Q, Zhu J, Chen J, Jia S, Nie S. Significance of cuproptosis- related genes in the diagnosis and classification of psoriasis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1115091. [PMID: 37091865 PMCID: PMC10119406 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death linked to mitochondrial metabolism and is mediated by protein lipoylation. The mechanism of cuproptosis in many diseases, such as psoriasis, remains unclear. In this study, signature diagnostic markers of cuproptosis were screened by differential analysis between psoriatic and non-psoriatic patients. The differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) for patients with psoriasis were screened using the GSE178197 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. The biological roles of CRGs were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and the candidates of cuproptosis-related regulators were selected from a nomogram model. The consensus clustering approach was used to classify psoriasis into clusters and the principal component analysis algorithms were constructed to calculate the cuproptosis score. Finally, latent diagnostic markers and drug sensitivity were analyzed using the pRRophetic R package. The differential analysis revealed that CRGs (MTF1, ATP7B, and SLC31A1) are significantly expressed in psoriatic patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the biological functions of CRGs were mainly related to acetyl-CoA metabolic processes, the mitochondrial matrix, and acyltransferase activity. Compared to the machine learning method used, the random forest model has higher accuracy in the occurrence of cuproptosis. However, the decision curve of the candidate cuproptosis regulators analysis showed that patients can benefit from the nomogram model. The consensus clustering analysis showed that psoriasis can be grouped into three patterns of cuproptosis (clusterA, clusterB, and clusterC) based on selected important regulators of cuproptosis. In advance, we analyzed the immune characteristics of patients and found that clusterA was associated with T cells, clusterB with neutrophil cells, and clusterC predominantly with B cells. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that three cuproptosis regulators (ATP7B, SLC31A1, and MTF1) were associated with the drug sensitivity. This study provides insight into the specific biological functions and related mechanisms of CRGs in the development of psoriasis and indicates that cuproptosis plays a non-negligible role. These results may help guide future treatment strategies for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Lin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao Zhu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouqiang Jia
- Department of Imaging, Jinan People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shouqiang Jia, ; Shengdong Nie,
| | - Shengdong Nie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shouqiang Jia, ; Shengdong Nie,
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Orädd F, Steffen JH, Gourdon P, Andersson M. Copper binding leads to increased dynamics in the regulatory N-terminal domain of full-length human copper transporter ATP7B. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010074. [PMID: 36070320 PMCID: PMC9484656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7B is a human copper-transporting P1B-type ATPase that is involved in copper homeostasis and resistance to platinum drugs in cancer cells. ATP7B consists of a copper-transporting core and a regulatory N-terminal tail that contains six metal-binding domains (MBD1-6) connected by linker regions. The MBDs can bind copper, which changes the dynamics of the regulatory domain and activates the protein, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. To identify possible copper-specific structural dynamics involved in transport regulation, we constructed a model of ATP7B spanning the N-terminal tail and core catalytic domains and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with (holo) and without (apo) copper ions bound to the MBDs. In the holo protein, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD5 showed enhanced mobilities, which resulted in a more extended N-terminal regulatory region. The observed separation of MBD2 and MBD3 from the core protein supports a mechanism where copper binding activates the ATP7B protein by reducing interactions among MBD1-3 and between MBD1-3 and the core protein. We also observed an increased interaction between MBD5 and the core protein that brought the copper-binding site of MBD5 closer to the high-affinity internal copper-binding site in the core protein. The simulation results assign specific, mechanistic roles to the metal-binding domains involved in ATP7B regulation that are testable in experimental settings. Living organisms depend upon active transport against gradients across biological membranes for survival. Such transport can be accomplished by ATP-dependent membrane protein transporters for which the activity must be regulated to maintain optimal concentrations in the cellular compartments. The regulatory mechanisms often involve structural responses inherent to the protein structure, which because of their dynamic nature can be hard to assess experimentally. A prime example is regulation of cellular copper levels by a copper-binding tail in the human copper transporter ATP7B. Dysregulation can cause severe diseases, for example the copper metabolism disorder Wilson’s disease, which is caused by mutations in ATP7B regulation machinery. Due to the practical difficulties in working with membrane proteins, most studies of ATP7B have been conducted in the absence of the membrane-bound protein core. Here, we used computer simulations of full-length ATP7B to study how structural dynamics in the regulatory tail differ between copper-bound and copper-free states. Copper induced increased dynamics in the tail, resulting in an overall movement towards the ion-binding site in the protein core. The simulations identified several, hitherto not reported, interactions between the regulatory tail and the protein core that can be targeted experimentally to enhance our understanding of this medically relevant regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Orädd
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hyld Steffen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Gul B, Firasat S, Tehreem R, Shan T, Afshan K. Analysis of Wilson disease mutations in copper binding domain of ATP7B gene. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269833. [PMID: 35763513 PMCID: PMC9239485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder, resulting from variations in ATP7B gene. Clinical heterogeneity, including neuropsychiatric and hepatic manifestations over a large range of age groups make diagnosis difficult. Most of WD patients suffer severe disabilities and even die. So, overall goal of proposed study is the genetic and clinical characterization of Wilson’s disease cases from Pakistani population. Clinical data was collected, and patients were investigated for variations in selected ATP7B exons using PCR based Sanger sequencing. Pathogenic effect predictions for detected variants were carried out using PROVEAN, MutationTaster2, and HSF software’s. Clinical heterogeneity was observed in patients including reduced serum ceruloplasmin, signs of chronic liver damage and raised 24 h urinary copper excretion. Mean age of onset was 11.3 years. Kayser-Fleischer rings were present in 75% of cases. About 82.5% patients belonged to inbred families. Patients having neurological disorder were above 12 years of age. Total ten variants in analyzed region of ATP7B gene, including a reported variation (p. L227Yfs*35) were found in patients. The study also identified 4 putative novel synonymous variants (c.251A>C, c.15T>A, c.6T>C, c.238C>T) and 5 reported polymorphisms (c.83C>A, c.39_40insCGGCG, p.V456L, c.39_40insCGCCG and c.1544-53A>C). Reliable understanding of clinical presentations and genotype-phenotype correlation provide insight to function and structure of ATP7B and may assist in disease prognosis and family counseling. The study revealed clinical presentation of Pakistani WD cases and identification of sequence variants in screened region of ATP7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Gul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt., Pakistan
- * E-mail: (BG); (SF)
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (BG); (SF)
| | - Raeesa Tehreem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Shan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Afshan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Huong NTM, Hoa NPA, Ngoc ND, Mai NTP, Yen PH, Anh HTV, Hoa G, Dien TM. Mutation spectrum of ATP7B gene in pediatric patients with Wilson disease in Vietnam. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100861. [PMID: 35782615 PMCID: PMC9248214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilson disease (WD) is caused by mutations in the copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase encoded by the ATP7B gene. In this study, we screened and identified the ATP7B mutations among unrelated Vietnamese pediatric patients. Methods One-hundred-thirteen pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed WD were recruited. DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood. Mutations in the ATP7B gene were identified by Sanger sequencing. Results Approximately 98% of the clinically diagnosed WD patients carried ATP7B mutations. A total of 35 different ATP7B variants were detected, including five novel mutations (L658P, L792P, T977K, IVS4 + 1G > A and IVS20 + 4A > G). Remarkably, this study revealed that S105* was the most prevalent variant (32.27%), followed by L1371P (9.09%), I1148T (7.27%), R778L (6.36%), T850I (5.45%), V176Sfs*28 and IVS14-2A > G (4.55%). Most ATP7B mutations were located in the exon 2 (37.73%), exon 16 (10.00%), exon 8 (9.55%), exon 20 (9.09%), exon 10 and exon 18 (5.45%), exon 14 (5.00%), exon 13 and intron 14 (4.55%). We developed a streamlined procedure to quickly characterize mutations in the ATP7B gene in the Vietnamese children, starting with sequencing exon 2 and subsequently to exons 8,10,13-16,18, and 20 to allow quick diagnosis of clinically suspected patients. Conclusion The mutational spectrum and hotspots of ATP7B gene in the Vietnamese population were fairly different from other East Asian populations. A streamlined procedure was developed to screen exon 2 in ATP7B gene among suspected WD patients to reduce genetically diagnostic cost, to facilitate early detection and intervention in countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ngo Diem Ngoc
- Department of Human Genetics, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Pham Hai Yen
- Department of Hepatology, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoàng Thị Vân Anh
- Department of Hepatology, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Hoa
- Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Medical Genetics Institutes, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Minh Dien
- Department of Human Genetics, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Hepatology, National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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The Advantages of EPR Spectroscopy in Exploring Diamagnetic Metal Ion Binding and Transfer Mechanisms in Biological Systems. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as an ideal biophysical tool to study complex biological processes. EPR spectroscopy can follow minor conformational changes in various proteins as a function of ligand or protein binding or interactions with high resolution and sensitivity. Resolving cellular mechanisms, involving small ligand binding or metal ion transfer, is not trivial and cannot be studied using conventional biophysical tools. In recent years, our group has been using EPR spectroscopy to study the mechanism underlying copper ion transfer in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. This mini-review focuses on our achievements following copper metal coordination in the diamagnetic oxidation state, Cu(I), between biomolecules. We discuss the conformational changes induced in proteins upon Cu(I) binding, as well as the conformational changes induced in two proteins involved in Cu(I) transfer. We also consider how EPR spectroscopy, together with other biophysical and computational tools, can identify the Cu(I)-binding sites. This work describes the advantages of EPR spectroscopy for studying biological processes that involve small ligand binding and transfer between intracellular proteins.
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Uhlemann EME, Lee W, Tonelli M, Dmitriev OY. At sixes and sevens: cryptic domain in the metal binding chain of the human copper transporter ATP7A. Biophys J 2021; 120:4600-4607. [PMID: 34461106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7A and ATP7B are structurally similar but functionally distinct active copper transporters that regulate copper levels in the human cells and deliver copper to the biosynthetic pathways. Both proteins have a chain of six cytosolic metal-binding domains (MBDs) believed to be involved in the copper-dependent regulation of the activity and intracellular localization of these enzymes. Although all the MBDs are quite similar in structure, their spacing differs markedly between ATP7A and ATP7B. We show by NMR that the long polypeptide between MBD1 and MBD2 of ATP7A forms an additional seventh metastable domain, which we called HMA1A (heavy metal associated domain 1A). The structure of HMA1A resembles the MBDs but contains no copper-binding site. The HMA1A domain, which is unique to ATP7A, may modulate regulatory interactions between MBD1-3, contributing to the distinct functional properties of ATP7A and ATP7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria E Uhlemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Marco Tonelli
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Y Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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12
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Puchkova LV, Kiseleva IV, Polishchuk EV, Broggini M, Ilyechova EY. The Crossroads between Host Copper Metabolism and Influenza Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115498. [PMID: 34071094 PMCID: PMC8197124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three main approaches are used to combat severe viral respiratory infections. The first is preemptive vaccination that blocks infection. Weakened or dead viral particles, as well as genetic constructs carrying viral proteins or information about them, are used as an antigen. However, the viral genome is very evolutionary labile and changes continuously. Second, chemical agents are used during infection and inhibit the function of a number of viral proteins. However, these drugs lose their effectiveness because the virus can rapidly acquire resistance to them. The third is the search for points in the host metabolism the effect on which would suppress the replication of the virus but would not have a significant effect on the metabolism of the host. Here, we consider the possibility of using the copper metabolic system as a target to reduce the severity of influenza infection. This is facilitated by the fact that, in mammals, copper status can be rapidly reduced by silver nanoparticles and restored after their cancellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V. Puchkova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ADTS Institute, RC AFMLCS, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Massimo Broggini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Ilyechova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ADTS Institute, RC AFMLCS, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-921-760-5274
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13
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Wang J, Tang L, Xu A, Zhang S, Jiang H, Pei P, Li H, Lv T, Yang Y, Qian N, Naidu K, Yang W. Identification of mutations in the ATP7B gene in 14 Wilson disease children: Case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25463. [PMID: 33879678 PMCID: PMC8078297 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wilson Disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by mutations in the ATPase copper transporting beta gene (ATP7B). WD can cause fatal neurological and hepatic disorders if not diagnosed and treated. OBJECTIVE To analyze the disease-causing mutations of 14 Chinese WD children, 11 of whom are diagnosed with hepatic disorders, 2 with neurological degeneration and 1 with both hepatic and neurological disorders. METHODS All ATP7B coding regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) functional impacts were assessed by combining the results of four bioinformatics tools (Poly-phen-2, SIFT, PANTHER-PSEP and PhD-SNPs) in an index that reflects the combined probability (cPdel) of an amino acid change to be deleterious to the protein function. RESULTS Two novel variants involved in WD development, c.1448_1455del (p.Arg483SerfsX19) and c.4144G>T (p.Glu1382Stop), and 11 previously reported mutations were detected. Both new variants result in shortened and dysfunctional ATP7B proteins. cPdel score suggests that SNPs may be deleterious to the ATP7B functionality. CONCLUSIONS This study enriches the library of the ATP7B mutations that lead to WD and can be used as a basis for genetic counseling, for WD prevention and clinical and prenatal diagnosis. Those SNPs that are believed to be harmless to ATP7B protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anqi Xu
- Nangjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nangjing
| | | | | | | | - Hongmei Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei
| | - Tingting Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laian People's Hospital, Chuzhou
| | | | | | - Keegan Naidu
- School of International Studies, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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14
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Dwivedi M. Site-directed mutations reflecting functional and structural properties of Ec-NhaA. Biochimie 2020; 180:79-89. [PMID: 33129932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
NhaA antiporters are secondary integral membrane protein critical for maintaining the Na+/H+ cell homeostasis, as a result, they regulate fundamental processes like cell volume and intracellular pH. Exploration of the structural and functional properties can assist to make them effective human drug targets and mechanisms of salt-resistance in plants. NhaA proteins are integrated into cytoplasmic and intracellular membranes, transport 2H+/Na + across the membrane by the canonical alternating access mechanism. There are mutagenesis studies have done on Ec-NhaA predicting residues crucial for function and structure. The unique NhaA structural fold is formed in the middle of the membrane by two transmembrane segments (TMs), TM IV and XI which cross each other creating a delicate electrostatically balanced environment for the binding of Na+/H+. Previously, Asp164, Asp163 and Asp133 residues have been proposed as crucial for Na+/Li + binding on the based on crystal structure and mutation-based studies. However, the pathway and the binding sites for the two protons are still elusive and debatable. This review will provide comprehensive details on various mutations constructed in Ec-NhaA by different research groups using site-directed or random mutagenesis techniques. The selected residues for mutations are located on the sites which are more suspected to have a crucial role in function and structure on NhaA. This information on the single platform would accelerate further studies on the structure-function relationship on NhaA as well as will facilitate to predict the role of Na+/H+ antiporters in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Gomtinagar Ext., Lucknow, 226028, India.
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15
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Roy S, McCann CJ, Ralle M, Ray K, Ray J, Lutsenko S, Jayakanthan S. Analysis of Wilson disease mutations revealed that interactions between different ATP7B mutants modify their properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13487. [PMID: 32778786 PMCID: PMC7418023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in the copper (Cu)-transporter ATP7B. Thus far, studies of WD mutations have been limited to analysis of ATP7B mutants in the homozygous states. However, the majority of WD patients are compound-heterozygous, and how different mutations on two alleles impact ATP7B properties is unclear. We characterized five mutations identified in Indian WD patients, first by expressing each alone and then by co-expressing two mutants with dissimilar properties. Mutations located in the regulatory domains of ATP7B-A595T, S1362A, and S1426I-do not affect ATP7B targeting to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) but reduce its Cu-transport activity. The S1362A mutation also inhibits Cu-dependent trafficking from the TGN. The G1061E and G1101R mutations, which are located within the ATP-binding domain, cause ATP7B retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, inhibit Cu-transport, and lower ATP7B protein abundance. Co-expression of the A595T and G1061E mutations, which mimics the compound-heterozygous state of some WD patients, revealed an interaction between these mutants that altered their intracellular localization and trafficking under both low and high Cu conditions. These findings highlight the need to study WD variants in both the homozygous and compound-heterozygous states to better understand the genotype-phenotype correlations and incomplete penetrance observed in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrajit Roy
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
| | - Courtney J McCann
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kunal Ray
- ATGC Diagnostics Private Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Jharna Ray
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samuel Jayakanthan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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McCann CJ, Jayakanthan S, Siotto M, Yang N, Osipova M, Squitti R, Lutsenko S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human ATP7B gene modify the properties of the ATP7B protein. Metallomics 2020; 11:1128-1139. [PMID: 31070637 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the largest source of sequence variation in the human genome. However, their functional significance is not well understood. We show that SNPs in the Wilson disease gene, ATP7B, that produce amino-acid substitutions K832R and R952K, modulate ATP7B properties in vitro and influence serum copper (Cu) status in vivo. The presence of R832 is associated with a lower ATP7B abundance and a diminished trafficking in response to elevated Cu. The K832R substitution alters surface exposure of amino acid residues in the actuator domain and increases its conformational flexibility. All SNP-related ATP7B variants (R832/R952, R832/K952, K832/K952, and K832/R952) have Cu-transport activity. However, the activity of ATP7B-K832/K952 is lower compared to other variants. In humans, the presence of K952 is associated with a higher fraction of exchangeable Cu in serum. Thus, SNPs may modulate the properties of ATP7B and the organism Cu status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J McCann
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Tang N, Sandahl TD, Ott P, Kepp KP. Computing the Pathogenicity of Wilson's Disease ATP7B Mutations: Implications for Disease Prevalence. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:5230-5243. [PMID: 31751128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the gene encoding the copper-transport protein ATP7B are the primary cause of Wilson's disease. Controversially, clinical prevalence seems much smaller than the prevalence estimated by genetic screening tools, causing fear that many people are undiagnosed, although early diagnosis and treatment is essential. To address this issue, we benchmarked 16 state-of-the-art computational disease-prediction methods against established data of missense ATP7B mutations. Our results show that the quality of the methods varies widely. We show the importance of optimizing the threshold of the methods used to distinguish pathogenic from nonpathogenic mutations against data of clinically confirmed pathogenic and nonpathogenic mutations. We find that most methods use thresholds that predict too many ATP7B mutations to be pathogenic. Thus, our findings explain the current controversy on Wilson's disease prevalence because meta-analysis and text search methods include many computational estimates that lead to higher disease prevalence than clinically observed. As proteins and diseases differ widely, a one-size-fits-all threshold cannot distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic mutations efficiently, as shown here. We also show that amino acid changes with small evolutionary substitution probability, mainly due to amino acid volume, are more associated with the disease, implying a pathological effect on the conformational state of the protein, which could affect copper transport or adenosine triphosphate recognition and hydrolysis. These findings may be a first step toward a more quantitative genotype-phenotype relationship of Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- DTU Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 206 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Thomas D Sandahl
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Peter Ott
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology , Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet 206 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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18
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Hermann W, Hennig C, Hoffmann J. [Misdiagnosis of Wilson's disease despite positive genetics]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 89:1408-1410. [PMID: 29564470 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Hermann
- Neurologie, SRO AG Langenthal, St. Urbanstraße 67, 4900, Langenthal, Schweiz.
| | - C Hennig
- Mitteldeutscher Praxisverbund Humangenetik, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J Hoffmann
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
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19
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A Luminal Loop of Wilson Disease Protein Binds Copper and Is Required for Protein Activity. Biophys J 2018; 115:1007-1018. [PMID: 30173886 PMCID: PMC6139820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B is essential for loading of copper ions to copper-dependent enzymes in the secretory pathway; its inactivation results in Wilson disease. In contrast to copper-ion uptake by the cytoplasmic domains, ATP7B-mediated copper-ion release in the Golgi has not been explored yet. We demonstrate here that a luminal loop in ATP7B, rich in histidine/methionine residues, binds reduced copper (Cu(I)) ions, and identified copper-binding residues play an essential role in ATP7B-mediated metal ion release. NMR experiments on short-peptide models demonstrate that three methionine and two histidine residues are specifically involved in Cu(I) ion binding; with these residues replaced by alanines, no Cu(I) ion interaction is detected. Although more than one Cu(I) ion can interact with the wild-type peptide, removing either all histidine or all methionine residues reduces the stoichiometry to one Cu(I) ion binding per peptide. Using a yeast complementation assay, we show that for efficient copper transport by full-length ATP7B, the complete set of histidine and methionine residues in the lumen loop are required. The replacement of histidine/methionine residues by alanines does not perturb overall ATP7B structure, as the localization of ATP7B variants in yeast cells matches that of the wild-type protein. Thus, in similarity to ATP7A, ATP7B also appears to have a luminal “exit” copper ion site.
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20
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Asp133 Residue in NhaA Na+/H+ Antiporter Is Required for Stability Cation Binding and Transport. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:867-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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The Structure of Metal Binding Domain 1 of the Copper Transporter ATP7B Reveals Mechanism of a Singular Wilson Disease Mutation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:581. [PMID: 29330485 PMCID: PMC5766562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-transporter ATP7B maintains copper homeostasis in the human cells and delivers copper to the biosynthetic pathways for incorporation into the newly synthesized copper-containing proteins. ATP7B is a target of several hundred mutations that lead to Wilson disease, a chronic copper toxicosis. ATP7B contains a chain of six cytosolic metal-binding domains (MBDs), the first four of which (MBD1-4) are believed to be regulatory, and the last two (MBD5-6) are required for enzyme activity. We report the NMR structure of MBD1, the last unsolved metal-binding domain of ATP7B. The structure reveals the disruptive mechanism of G85V mutation, one of the very few disease causing missense mutations in the MBD1-4 region of ATP7B.
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22
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Ariöz C, Li Y, Wittung-Stafshede P. The six metal binding domains in human copper transporter, ATP7B: molecular biophysics and disease-causing mutations. Biometals 2017; 30:823-840. [PMID: 29063292 PMCID: PMC5684295 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wilson Disease (WD) is a hereditary genetic disorder, which coincides with a dysfunctional copper (Cu) metabolism caused by mutations in ATP7B, a membrane-bound P1B-type ATPase responsible for Cu export from hepatic cells. The N-terminal part (~ 600 residues) of the multi-domain 1400-residue ATP7B constitutes six metal binding domains (MBDs), each of which can bind a copper ion, interact with other ATP7B domains as well as with different proteins. Although the ATP7B's MBDs have been investigated in vitro and in vivo intensively, it remains unclear how these domains modulate overall structure, dynamics, stability and function of ATP7B. The presence of six MBDs is unique to mammalian ATP7B homologs, and many WD causing missense mutations are found in these domains. Here, we have summarized previously reported in vitro biophysical data on the MBDs of ATP7B and WD point mutations located in these domains. Besides the demonstration of where the research field stands today, this review showcasts the need for further biophysical investigation about the roles of MBDs in ATP7B function. Molecular mechanisms of ATP7B are important not only in the development of new WD treatment but also for other aspects of human physiology where Cu transport plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Ariöz
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yaozong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Kemihuset A, Linnaeus väg 10, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Chemical Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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ATP7B Mutation Detection and Pathogenicity Analysis: One Atypical Case of Wilson's Disease with Adrenocortical Insufficiency. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:20-28. [PMID: 29181760 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective function of the copper-transporting ATP7B protein. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver, while endocrinologic abnormalities are rare. Here, we reported a 12-year-old female patient that was initially presented with unusual skin darkening and low serum level of adrenocorticotropic hormone and diagnosed as having adrenocortical insufficiency. We further screened the mutation in ATP7B by direct DNA sequencing and found compound heterozygous mutations: a known pathogenic mutation in exon8:c.2333G>T (Arg778Leu) inherited from her mother and a variant in intron4:c.1707 + 5G>A inherited from her father. To explore the pathogenicity of the intronic variant, a minigene splicing assay was used to determine the effects of the splicing variant by analyzing reverse transcription PCR of ATP7B minigene transcript production. The result indicated that the c.1707 + 5G>A variant resulted in exon 4 skipping. We herein identified that 1707 + 5G>A intron 4 variant is a pathogenic mutation. Molecular genetic analysis and laboratory examination definitely confirmed the patient's condition as WD. Clinical status improved considerably after penicillamine treatment. Our results extended the mutation spectrum of ATP7B gene and highlighted the importance of molecular genetic analysis for the accurate diagnosis of atypical WD. WD may have diverse presentations and should be considered in children especially presenting with adrenocortical insufficiency as initial symptom, and this study highlights the importance of screening for hormone abnormal in WD.
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24
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Kline CD, Gambill BF, Mayfield M, Lutsenko S, Blackburn NJ. pH-regulated metal-ligand switching in the HM loop of ATP7A: a new paradigm for metal transfer chemistry. Metallomics 2017; 8:729-33. [PMID: 27242196 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuproproteins such as PHM and DBM mature in late endosomal vesicles of the mammalian secretory pathway where changes in vesicle pH are employed for sorting and post-translational processing. Colocation with the P1B-type ATPase ATP7A suggests that the latter is the source of copper and supports a mechanism where selectivity in metal transfer is achieved by spatial colocation of partner proteins in their specific organelles or vesicles. In previous work we have suggested that a lumenal loop sequence located between trans-membrane helices TM1 and TM2 of the ATPase, and containing five histidines and four methionines, acts as an organelle-specific chaperone for metallation of the cuproproteins. The hypothesis posits that the pH of the vesicle regulates copper ligation and loop conformation via a mechanism which involves His to Met ligand switching induced by histidine protonation. Here we report the effect of pH on the HM loop copper coordination using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and show via selenium substitution of the Met residues that the HM loop undergoes similar conformational switching to that found earlier for its partner PHM. We hypothesize that in the absence of specific chaperones, HM motifs provide a template for building a flexible, pH-sensitive transfer site whose structure and function can be regulated to accommodate the different active site structural elements and pH environments of its partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey D Kline
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Gambill
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Mary Mayfield
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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25
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Ye S, Dai T, Leng B, Tang L, Jin L, Cao L. Genotype and clinical course in 2 Chinese Han siblings with Wilson disease presenting with isolated disabling premature osteoarthritis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8641. [PMID: 29381936 PMCID: PMC5708935 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Premature osteoarthritis (POA) is a rare condition in Wilson disease (WD). Particularly, when POA is the only complaint of a WD patient for a long time, there would be misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and then treatment delay. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS Two Chinese Han siblings were diagnosed as WD by corneal K-F rings, laboratory test, and mutation analysis. They presented with isolated POA during the first 2 decades or more of their disease course, and were of missed diagnosis during that long time. The older affected sib became disabled due to his severe osteoarthritis when he was as young as 38 years old. Two compound heterozygous pathogenic variants c.2790_2792del and c.2621C>T were revealed in the ATP7B gene through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). LESSONS Adolescent-onset POA could be the only complaint of WD individual for at least 2 decades. Long delay in the treatment of WD's POA could lead to disability in early adulthood. Detailed physical examination, special biochemical test, and genotyping through targeted NGS should greatly reduce diagnosis delay in atypical WD patients with isolated POA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin
| | - Tingjun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Bingquan Leng
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Lili Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
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26
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Yu CH, Yang N, Bothe J, Tonelli M, Nokhrin S, Dolgova NV, Braiterman L, Lutsenko S, Dmitriev OY. The metal chaperone Atox1 regulates the activity of the human copper transporter ATP7B by modulating domain dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18169-18177. [PMID: 28900031 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human transporter ATP7B delivers copper to the biosynthetic pathways and maintains copper homeostasis in the liver. Mutations in ATP7B cause the potentially fatal hepatoneurological disorder Wilson disease. The activity and intracellular localization of ATP7B are regulated by copper, but the molecular mechanism of this regulation is largely unknown. We show that the copper chaperone Atox1, which delivers copper to ATP7B, and the group of the first three metal-binding domains (MBD1-3) are central to the activity regulation of ATP7B. Atox1-Cu binding to ATP7B changes domain dynamics and interactions within the MBD1-3 group and activates ATP hydrolysis. To understand the mechanism linking Atox1-MBD interactions and enzyme activity, we have determined the MBD1-3 conformational space using small angle X-ray scattering and identified changes in MBD dynamics caused by apo-Atox1 and Atox1-Cu by solution NMR. The results show that copper transfer from Atox1 decreases domain interactions within the MBD1-3 group and increases the mobility of the individual domains. The N-terminal segment of MBD1-3 was found to interact with the nucleotide-binding domain of ATP7B, thus physically coupling the domains involved in copper binding and those involved in ATP hydrolysis. Taken together, the data suggest a regulatory mechanism in which Atox1-mediated copper transfer activates ATP7B by releasing inhibitory constraints through increased freedom of MBD1-3 motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Yu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nan Yang
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Jameson Bothe
- the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marco Tonelli
- the National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sergiy Nokhrin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Lelita Braiterman
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Oleg Y Dmitriev
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada,
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27
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Jayakanthan S, Braiterman LT, Hasan NM, Unger VM, Lutsenko S. Human copper transporter ATP7B (Wilson disease protein) forms stable dimers in vitro and in cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18760-18774. [PMID: 28842499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7B is a copper-transporting P1B-type ATPase (Cu-ATPase) with an essential role in human physiology. Mutations in ATP7B cause the potentially fatal Wilson disease, and changes in ATP7B expression are observed in several cancers. Despite its physiologic importance, the biochemical information about ATP7B remains limited because of a complex multidomain organization of the protein. By analogy with the better characterized prokaryotic Cu-ATPases, ATP7B is assumed to be a single-chain monomer. We show that in eukaryotic cells, human ATP7B forms dimers that can be purified following solubilization. Deletion of the four N-terminal metal-binding domains, characteristic for human ATP7B, does not disrupt dimerization, i.e. the dimer interface is formed by the domains that are conserved among Cu-ATPases. Unlike the full-length ATP7B, which is targeted to the trans-Golgi network, 1-4ΔMBD-7B is targeted primarily to vesicles. This result and the analysis of differentially tagged ATP7B variants indicate that the dimeric structure is retained during ATP7B trafficking between the intracellular compartments. Purified dimeric species of 1-4ΔMBD-7B were characterized by a negative stain electron microscopy in the presence of ADP/MgCl2 Single-particle analysis yielded a low-resolution 3D model that provides the first insight into an overall architecture of a human Cu-ATPase, positions of the main domains, and a dimer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lelita T Braiterman
- Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 and
| | | | - Vinzenz M Unger
- the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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28
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Levy AR, Turgeman M, Gevorkyan-Aiapetov L, Ruthstein S. The structural flexibility of the human copper chaperone Atox1: Insights from combined pulsed EPR studies and computations. Protein Sci 2017; 26:1609-1618. [PMID: 28543811 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metallochaperones are responsible for shuttling metal ions to target proteins. Thus, a metallochaperone's structure must be sufficiently flexible both to hold onto its ion while traversing the cytoplasm and to transfer the ion to or from a partner protein. Here, we sought to shed light on the structure of Atox1, a metallochaperone involved in the human copper regulation system. Atox1 shuttles copper ions from the main copper transporter, Ctr1, to the ATP7b transporter in the Golgi apparatus. Conventional biophysical tools such as X-ray or NMR cannot always target the various conformational states of metallochaperones, owing to a requirement for crystallography or low sensitivity and resolution. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for resolving biological reactions and mechanisms in solution. When coupled with computational methods, EPR with site-directed spin labeling and nanoscale distance measurements can provide structural information on a protein or protein complex in solution. We use these methods to show that Atox1 can accommodate at least four different conformations in the apo state (unbound to copper), and two different conformations in the holo state (bound to copper). We also demonstrate that the structure of Atox1 in the holo form is more compact than in the apo form. Our data provide insight regarding the structural mechanisms through which Atox1 can fulfill its dual role of copper binding and transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Levy
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Meital Turgeman
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Lada Gevorkyan-Aiapetov
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
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29
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Yu CH, Dolgova NV, Dmitriev OY. Dynamics of the metal binding domains and regulation of the human copper transporters ATP7B and ATP7A. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:226-235. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey H. Yu
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Natalia V. Dolgova
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Oleg Y. Dmitriev
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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30
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Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of hepatocellular copper deposition caused by pathogenic variants in the copper-transporting gene, ATP7B. Early detection and treatment are critical to prevent lifelong neuropsychiatric, hepatic, and systemic disabilities. Due to the marked heterogeneity in age of onset and clinical presentation, the diagnosis of Wilson disease remains challenging to physicians today. Direct sequencing of the ATP7B gene is the most sensitive and widely used confirmatory testing method, and concurrent biochemical testing improves diagnostic accuracy. More than 600 pathogenic variants in ATP7B have been identified, with single-nucleotide missense and nonsense mutations being the most common, followed by insertions/deletions, and, rarely, splice site mutations. The prevalence of Wilson disease varies by geographic region, with higher frequency of certain mutations occurring in specific ethnic groups. Wilson disease has poor genotype-phenotype correlation, although a few possible modifiers have been proposed. Improving molecular genetic studies continue to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and screening for Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene J Chang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Si Houn Hahn
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
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31
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Levy AR, Nissim M, Mendelman N, Chill J, Ruthstein S. Ctr1 Intracellular Loop Is Involved in the Copper Transfer Mechanism to the Atox1 Metallochaperone. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12334-12345. [PMID: 27934216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the human copper cycle is essential to understand the role of metals in promoting neurological diseases and disorders. One of the cycles controlling the cellular concentration and distribution of copper involves the copper transporter, Ctr1; the metallochaperone, Atox1; and the ATP7B transporter. It has been shown that the C-terminus of Ctr1, specifically the last three amino acids, HCH, is involved in both copper coordination and the transfer mechanism to Atox1. In contrast, the role of the intracellular loop of Ctr1, which is an additional intracellular segment of Ctr1, in facilitating the copper transfer mechanism has not been investigated yet. Here, we combine various biophysical methods to explore the interaction between this Ctr1 segment and metallochaperone Atox1 and clearly demonstrate that the Ctr1 intracellular loop (1) can coordinate Cu(I) via interactions with the side chains of one histidine and two methionine residues and (2) closely interacts with the Atox1 metallochaperone. Our findings are another important step in elucidating the mechanistic details of the eukaryotic copper cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Levy
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matan Nissim
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Netanel Mendelman
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jordan Chill
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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32
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Lv T, Li X, Zhang W, Zhao X, Ou X, Huang J. Recent advance in the molecular genetics of Wilson disease and hereditary hemochromatosis. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:532-9. [PMID: 27592149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic liver diseases such as Wilson disease (WD) and hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) possess complicated pathogenesis and typical hereditary characteristics with the hallmarks of a deficiency in metal metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding ATPase, Cu + transporting, beta polypeptide (ATP7B) and hemochromatosis (HFE) or several non-HFE genes are considered to be causative for WD and HH, respectively. Although the identification of novel mutations in ATP7B for WD and HFE or the non-HFE genes for HH has increased, especially with the application of whole genome sequencing technology in recent years, the biological function of the identified mutations, as well as genotype-phenotype correlations remain to be explored. Further analysis of the causative gene mutation would be critical to clarify the mechanisms underlying specific disease phenotypes. In this review, we therefore summarize the recent advances in the molecular genetics of WD and HH including the updated mutation spectrums and the correlation between genotype and phenotype, with an emphasis on biological functional studies of the individual mutations identified in WD and HH. The weakness of the current functional studies and analysis for the clinical association of the individual mutation was also discussed. These works are essential for the understanding of the association between genotypes and phenotypes of these inherited metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxia Lv
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xuan-wu District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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33
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Bhattacharjee A, Yang H, Duffy M, Robinson E, Conrad-Antoville A, Lu YW, Capps T, Braiterman L, Wolfgang M, Murphy MP, Yi L, Kaler SG, Lutsenko S, Ralle M. The Activity of Menkes Disease Protein ATP7A Is Essential for Redox Balance in Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16644-58. [PMID: 27226607 PMCID: PMC4974379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7A is essential for mammalian copper homeostasis. Loss of ATP7A activity is associated with fatal Menkes disease and various other pathologies. In cells, ATP7A inactivation disrupts copper transport from the cytosol into the secretory pathway. Using fibroblasts from Menkes disease patients and mouse 3T3-L1 cells with a CRISPR/Cas9-inactivated ATP7A, we demonstrate that ATP7A dysfunction is also damaging to mitochondrial redox balance. In these cells, copper accumulates in nuclei, cytosol, and mitochondria, causing distinct changes in their redox environment. Quantitative imaging of live cells using GRX1-roGFP2 and HyPer sensors reveals highest glutathione oxidation and elevation of H2O2 in mitochondria, whereas the redox environment of nuclei and the cytosol is much less affected. Decreasing the H2O2 levels in mitochondria with MitoQ does not prevent glutathione oxidation; i.e. elevated copper and not H2O2 is a primary cause of glutathione oxidation. Redox misbalance does not significantly affect mitochondrion morphology or the activity of respiratory complex IV but markedly increases cell sensitivity to even mild glutathione depletion, resulting in loss of cell viability. Thus, ATP7A activity protects mitochondria from excessive copper entry, which is deleterious to redox buffers. Mitochondrial redox misbalance could significantly contribute to pathologies associated with ATP7A inactivation in tissues with paradoxical accumulation of copper (i.e. renal epithelia).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Duffy
- the Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Emily Robinson
- the Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Arianrhod Conrad-Antoville
- the Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Tony Capps
- the Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Michael Wolfgang
- Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Michael P Murphy
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ling Yi
- the Section on Translational Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- the Section on Translational Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Martina Ralle
- the Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
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34
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Squitti R, Siotto M, Arciello M, Rossi L. Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper and ATP7B gene variants in Alzheimer's disease. Metallomics 2016; 8:863-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ATP7B, a protein mainly expressed in the hepatocytes, is a copper chaperone that loads the metal into the serum copper–protein ceruloplasmin during its synthesis and also escorts superfluous copper into the bile, by a sophisticated trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli
- 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - M. Siotto
- Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Foundation
- Milan, Italy
| | - M. Arciello
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
| | - L. Rossi
- Department of Biology
- University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Rome, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (I.N.B.B.)
- Rome, Italy
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35
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Dmitriev OY, Lutsenko S, Muyldermans S. Nanobodies as Probes for Protein Dynamics in Vitro and in Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3767-75. [PMID: 26677230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.679811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are the recombinant antigen-recognizing domains of the minimalistic heavy chain-only antibodies produced by camels and llamas. Nanobodies can be easily generated, effectively optimized, and variously derivatized with standard molecular biology protocols. These properties have triggered the recent explosion in the nanobody use in basic and clinical research. This review focuses on the emerging use of nanobodies for understanding and monitoring protein dynamics on the scales ranging from isolated protein domains to live cells, from nanoseconds to hours. The small size and high solubility make nanobodies uniquely suited for studying protein dynamics by NMR. The ability to produce conformation-sensitive nanobodies in cells enables studies that link structural dynamics of a target protein to its cellular behavior. The link between in vitro and in-cell dynamics, afforded by nanobodies, brings the analysis of such important events as receptor signaling, membrane protein trafficking, and protein interactions to the next level of resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Y Dmitriev
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada,
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- the Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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36
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Blackburn NJ, Yan N, Lutsenko S. Copper in Eukaryotes. BINDING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL CELLS 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849739979-00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for normal growth and development of eukaryotic organisms. Numerous physiological processes rely on sufficient availability of copper: from indispensable reactions such as mitochondrial respiration to more highly specialized processes such as pigment development in a skin. Copper misbalance has been linked to a variety of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Complex cellular machinery has evolved to mediate copper uptake, compartmentalization and incorporation into target proteins. Extensive studies revealed a predominant utilization of methionines and histidines by copper handling molecules for copper capture at the extracellular surface and delivery to cuproenzymes in the lumen of cellular compartments, respectively. Cu(I) is a predominant form within the cell, and copper binding and distribution inside the cell at the cytosolic sites relies heavily on cysteines. The selectivity and directionality of copper transfer reactions is determined by thermodynamic and kinetic factors as well as spatial distribution of copper donors and acceptors. In this chapter, we review current structural and mechanistic data on copper transport and distribution in yeast and mammalian cells and highlight important issues and questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninian J. Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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37
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Yong-Rui B, Xin-Xin Y, Shuai W, Xian-Sheng M, Rui-Qing Z, Yue-Ming X, Lin C. Study on the in vivo toxic mechanism of xixin based on trace elements determination by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:141-6. [PMID: 24914279 PMCID: PMC4048560 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.131025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Xixin has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for headache, toothache and inflammatory diseases. Clinical investigation indicated that adverse drug reactions occurred with an overdose of xixin, but the toxic mechanism of xixin in vivo based on trace elements has not been researched yet. Objective: To explore the in vivo toxic mechanism of xixin induced by trace elements. Materials and Methods: The contents of trace elements in the serum and liver of mice were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after obtaining xixin extracts. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed between the trace elements’ content and dosage using the software GeneSpring 12.1 to analyze the main toxic elements in vivo. Results: Trace elements’ contents were obviously raised after xixin extracts were taken as a dosage of 150 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, respectively. Na, Ca, Cu and Cd in serum and Ca and Zn in liver were the main trace elements inducing the toxic reaction of xixin. Conclusion: Xixin possesses the potential function of indirectly upregulating trace elements in vivo. This study, for the first time, elucidated the in vivo toxic mechanism of xixin based on trace elements. This method could also be utilized in the research of corresponding aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yong-Rui
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xin-Xin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Wang Shuai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Meng Xian-Sheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Rui-Qing
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Xia Yue-Ming
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
| | - Cai Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, P. R. China
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38
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Lu CX, Qing Lin, Huang WQ, Tzeng CM. New mutations and polymorphisms of the ATP7B gene in sporadic Wilson disease. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:498-502. [PMID: 24878384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism resulting in brain damage, liver failure, and neurological impairment and psychiatric disturbances, as a result of excessive copper accumulation in the brain, liver, kidneys and eyes. ATP7B, encoding a copper transporter P-ATPase was identified as the causative gene of WD. Mutations in the ATP7B gene lead to the defection of the transmembrane transporter so that it can not metabolize copper effectively. We reported the clinical and molecular features of three unrelated and non-consanguineous WD patients. We performed molecular genetic analysis of the ATP7B gene in all cases by DNA sequencing, and revealed 7 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 well known mutations. Among them, that novel SNP (c. -520 C>T) and two well known mutations (c. 2310 C>G/p. Leu700Leu, c. 2333 G>T/A/p. Arg778Leu/Gln) coexisted in all patients and they were heterozygous and homozygous in the youngest case, respectively, indicating that they may be correlated to the pathogenesis and potentially used as a genetic biomarker for early WD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xia Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Qing Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute for Biomedical Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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39
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Levy AR, Yarmiayev V, Moskovitz Y, Ruthstein S. Probing the structural flexibility of the human copper metallochaperone Atox1 dimer and its interaction with the CTR1 c-terminal domain. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5832-42. [PMID: 24837030 DOI: 10.1021/jp412589b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both the essentiality and the toxicity of copper in human, yeast, and bacteria cells require precise mechanisms for acquisition, intimately linked to controlled distribution, which have yet to be fully understood. This work explores one aspect in the copper cycle, by probing the interaction between the human copper chaperone Atox1 and the c-terminal domain of the copper transporter, CTR1, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). The data collected here shows that the Atox1 keeps its dimer nature also in the presence of the CTR1 c-terminal domain; however, two geometrical states are assumed by the Atox1. One is similar to the geometrical state reported by the crystal structure, while the latter has not yet been constructed. In the presence of the CTR1 c-terminal domain, both states are assumed; however, the structure of Atox1 is more restricted in the presence of the CTR1 c-terminal domain. This study also shows that the last three amino acids of the CTR1 c-terminal domain, HCH, are important for maintaining the crystal structure of the Atox1, allowing less structural flexibility and improved thermal stability of Atox1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel R Levy
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Science, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan, Israel , 5290002
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40
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Lutsenko S. Modifying factors and phenotypic diversity in Wilson's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1315:56-63. [PMID: 24702697 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a human disorder of copper homeostasis caused by mutations in the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B. WD is characterized by copper accumulation, predominantly in the liver and brain, hepatic pathology, and wide differences between patients in the age of onset and the spectrum of symptoms. Several factors contribute to the phenotypic variability of WD. The WD-causing mutations produce a wide range of changes in stability, activity, intracellular localization, and trafficking of ATP7B; the nonpathogenic genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the phenotype. In Atp7b(-/-) mice, a mouse model of WD, an abnormal intracellular distribution of copper in the liver triggers distinct changes in the transcriptome; these mRNA profiles might be used to more specifically define disease progression. The major effect of accumulating copper on lipid metabolism and especially cholesterol homeostasis in mice and humans suggests the importance of fat and cholesterol metabolism as modifying factors in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Distinct phenotype of a Wilson disease mutation reveals a novel trafficking determinant in the copper transporter ATP7B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1364-73. [PMID: 24706876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314161111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a monogenic autosomal-recessive disorder of copper accumulation that leads to liver failure and/or neurological deficits. WD is caused by mutations in ATP7B, a transporter that loads Cu(I) onto newly synthesized cupro-enzymes in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and exports excess copper out of cells by trafficking from the TGN to the plasma membrane. To date, most WD mutations have been shown to disrupt ATP7B activity and/or stability. Using a multidisciplinary approach, including clinical analysis of patients, cell-based assays, and computational studies, we characterized a patient mutation, ATP7B(S653Y), which is stable, does not disrupt Cu(I) transport, yet renders the protein unable to exit the TGN. Bulky or charged substitutions at position 653 mimic the phenotype of the patient mutation. Molecular modeling and dynamic simulation suggest that the S653Y mutation induces local distortions within the transmembrane (TM) domain 1 and alter TM1 interaction with TM2. S653Y abolishes the trafficking-stimulating effects of a secondary mutation in the N-terminal apical targeting domain. This result indicates a role for TM1/TM2 in regulating conformations of cytosolic domains involved in ATP7B trafficking. Taken together, our experiments revealed an unexpected role for TM1/TM2 in copper-regulated trafficking of ATP7B and defined a unique class of WD mutants that are transport-competent but trafficking-defective. Understanding the precise consequences of WD-causing mutations will facilitate the development of advanced mutation-specific therapies.
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Functional and structural dynamics of NhaA, a prototype for Na(+) and H(+) antiporters, which are responsible for Na(+) and H(+) homeostasis in cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:1047-62. [PMID: 24361841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of down-regulated NhaA crystallized at acidic pH4 [21] has provided the first structural insights into the antiport mechanism and pH regulation of a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter [22]. On the basis of the NhaA crystal structure [21] and experimental data (reviewed in [2,22,38] we have suggested that NhaA is organized into two functional regions: (i) a cluster of amino acids responsible for pH regulation (ii) a catalytic region at the middle of the TM IV/XI assembly, with its unique antiparallel unfolded regions that cross each other forming a delicate electrostatic balance in the middle of the membrane. This unique structure contributes to the cation binding site and allows the rapid conformational changes expected for NhaA. Extended chains interrupting helices appear now a common feature for ion binding in transporters. However the NhaA fold is unique and shared by ASBTNM [30] and NapA [29]. Computation [13], electrophysiology [69] combined with biochemistry [33,47] have provided intriguing models for the mechanism of NhaA. However, the conformational changes and the residues involved have not yet been fully identified. Another issue which is still enigma is how energy is transduced "in this 'nano-machine.'" We expect that an integrative approach will reveal the residues that are crucial for NhaA activity and regulation, as well as elucidate the pHand ligand-induced conformational changes and their dynamics. Ultimately, integrative results will shed light on the mechanism of activity and pH regulation of NhaA, a prototype of the CPA2 family of transporters. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 18th European Bioenergetic Conference.
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In silico investigation of the ATP7B gene: insights from functional prediction of non-synonymous substitution to protein structure. Biometals 2013; 27:53-64. [PMID: 24253677 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ATP7B is a copper-transporting ATPase that plays a key role in the regulation of copper homeostasis. Mutations in the ATP7B gene are causative for Wilson's disease, and recent reports have suggested that genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, it is difficult to profile experimentally novel genetic variants in the ATP7B gene, because the human protein X-ray structure is not yet entirely understood. In order to investigate ATP7B non-synonymous substitutions, we used an in silico amino acid sequence-based approach. Specifically, we analyzed 337 ATP7B non-synonymous substitutions, which included Wilson's disease-causing mutations (DVs) and non Wilson's disease-causing variants (NDVs), with an algorithm that estimated a combined probability (cPdel) of an amino acidic change to be deleterious for the protein function. This approach appeared to reliably indentify the probability of DVs and NDVs to be deleterious and to profile still unknown gene variants. Specifically, after analyzing ATP7B protein domains with the cPdel method, we found results in line with the predicted-modeled domains and some new suggestions. In conclusion, a functional survey of amino acid changes in the ATP7B protein is provided herein, and we suggest that this bioinformatic method can furnish information about novel ATP7B mutations. Furthermore, the same approach can be applied to other uncharacterized proteins.
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Nilsson L, Ådén J, Niemiec MS, Nam K, Wittung-Stafshede P. Small pH and Salt Variations Radically Alter the Thermal Stability of Metal-Binding Domains in the Copper Transporter, Wilson Disease Protein. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13038-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402415y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nilsson
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moritz S. Niemiec
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kwangho Nam
- Chemistry
Department and ‡Computational Life Science Center (CLiC), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Vogt S, Ralle M. Opportunities in multidimensional trace metal imaging: taking copper-associated disease research to the next level. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:1809-20. [PMID: 23079951 PMCID: PMC3566297 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper plays an important role in numerous biological processes across all living systems predominantly because of its versatile redox behavior. Cellular copper homeostasis is tightly regulated and disturbances lead to severe disorders such as Wilson disease and Menkes disease. Age-related changes of copper metabolism have been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease. The role of copper in these diseases has been a topic of mostly bioinorganic research efforts for more than a decade, metal-protein interactions have been characterized, and cellular copper pathways have been described. Despite these efforts, crucial aspects of how copper is associated with Alzheimer disease, for example, are still only poorly understood. To take metal-related disease research to the next level, emerging multidimensional imaging techniques are now revealing the copper metallome as the basis to better understand disease mechanisms. This review describes how recent advances in X-ray fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent copper probes have started to contribute to this field, specifically in Wilson disease and Alzheimer disease. It furthermore provides an overview of current developments and future applications in X-ray microscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239
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Cerchiaro G, Manieri TM, Bertuchi FR. Analytical methods for copper, zinc and iron quantification in mammalian cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:1336-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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