1
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Wang H, Su J, Ni SQ, Chen J, Cheng SB. Unraveling the Solvent Regulation in the Heteroatom-Doped Endohedral Gold Clusters: A Theoretical Study on the Electronic Properties and O 2 Activation. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5473-5480. [PMID: 38968435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-phase synthesis of atomically precise nanoclusters has experienced rapid development recently, where polar solvents are indispensable in such a process. However, the regulation effect of solvents on the structural and electronic properties of different metal clusters and cluster assembly materials is still not well understood. Herein, a comprehensive density functional theory calculation has been performed to explore the solvation effect on heteroatom-doped endohedral gold clusters that always have remarkable stabilities and tunable electronic structures. The solvation free energy of the M@Au12 clusters (M = Cr, Mo, W, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, and Au) was found to be related to the charge distribution of the central doped-atom M and the outer Au12 cage. Moreover, the aqueous solvent was observed to be able to increase the adsorption capacity of M@Au12 to O2 following the activation of O2 through the charge transfer from M@Au12 to O2, in which the transferred electrons occupy the π antibonding orbital of O2. In addition, the water solvent can also improve the hydrogenation reaction of O2 to form OOH over M@Au12, where the activation energy barrier for this process is very low with the participation of the solvent. Considering the importance of solvents in the liquid-phase synthesis of atomically precise clusters, these findings highlighted here could provide valuable theoretical guidance in potential applications of functional gold nanoclusters, especially in the liquid-phase cluster catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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2
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Kumar P, Nemiwal M. Advanced Functionalized Nanoclusters (Cu, Ag, and Au) as Effective Catalyst for Organic Transformation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400062. [PMID: 38386668 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A considerable amount of research has been carried out in recent years on synthesizing metal nanoclusters (NCs), which have wide applications in the field of optical materials with non-linear properties, bio-sensing, and catalysis. Aside from being structurally accurate, the atomically precise NCs possess well-defined compositions due to significant tailoring, both at the surface and the core, for certain functionalities. To illustrate the importance of atomically precise metal NCs for catalytic processes, this review emphasizes 1) the recent work on Cu, Ag, and Au NCs with their synthesis, 2) the parameters affecting the activity and selectivity of NCs catalysis, and 3) the discussion on the catalytic potential of these metal NCs. Additionally, metal NCs will facilitate the design of extremely active and selective catalysts for significant reactions by elucidating catalytic mechanisms at the atomic and molecular levels. Future advancements in the science of catalysis are expected to come from the potential to design NCs catalysts at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Meena Nemiwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
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3
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Fujiwara Y, Ito S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Gas-Phase Structures of [Au 21(SR) 14] - and [Au 17(SR) 10] - with Eight Electrons: Can They Support an Icosahedral Au 13 Core? J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3119-3125. [PMID: 38626761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A prototypical thiolate (RS)-protected gold cluster [Au25(SR)18]- has high stability due to specific geometric and electronic structures: an icosahedral (Ih) Au13 core with a closed electronic shell containing eight electrons is completely protected by six units of Au2(SR)3. Nevertheless, collisional excitation of [Au25(SR)18]- in a vacuum induces the sequential release of Au4(SR)4 to form [Au21(SR)14]- and [Au17(SR)10]- both containing eight electrons. To answer a naive question of whether these fragments bear an Ih Au13(8e) core, the geometrical structures of [Au21(SC3H7)14]- and [Au17(SC3H7)10]- in the gas phase were examined by the combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation of simplified models of [Au21(SCH3)14]- and [Au17(SCH3)10]-. We concluded that [Au21(SC3H7)14]- retains a slightly distorted Ih Au13(8e) core, while [Au17(SC3H7)10]- has an amorphous Au13 core composed of triangular Au3, tetrahedral Au4, and prolate Au7 units. DFT calculations on putative species [Au19(SCH3)12]- and [Au18(SCH3)11]- suggested that the Ih Au13(8e) core undergoes dramatic structural deformation due to mechanical stress from μ2 ligation of only one RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Sharma P, Ganguly M, Sahu M. Role of transition metals in coinage metal nanoclusters for the remediation of toxic dyes in aqueous systems. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11411-11428. [PMID: 38595712 PMCID: PMC11002567 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00931b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A difficult issue in chemistry and materials science is to create metal compounds with well-defined components. Metal nanoclusters, particularly those of coinage groups (Cu, Ag, and Au), have received considerable research interest in recent years owing to the availability of atomic-level precision via joint experimental and theoretical methods, thus revealing the mechanisms in diverse nano-catalysts and functional materials. The textile sector significantly contributes to wastewater containing pollutants such as dyes and chemical substances. Textile and fabric manufacturing account for about 7 × 105 tons of wastewater annually. Approximately one thousand tons of dyes used in textile processing and finishing has been recorded as being discharged into natural streams and water bodies. Owing to the widespread environmental concerns, research has been conducted to develop absorbents that are capable of removing contaminants and heavy metals from water bodies using low-cost technology. Considering this idea, we reviewed coinage metal nanoclusters for azo and cationic dye degradation. Fluorometric and colorimetric techniques are used for dye degradation using coinage metal nanoclusters. Few reports are available on dye degradation using silver nanoclusters; and some of them are discussed in detailed herein to demonstrate the synergistic effect of gold and silver in dye degradation. Mostly, the Rhodamine B dye is degraded using coinage metals. Silver nanoclusters take less time for degradation than gold and copper nanoclusters. Mostly, H2O2 is used for degradation in gold nanoclusters. Still, all coinage metal nanoclusters have been used for the degradation due to suitable HOMO-LUMO gap, and the adsorption of a dye onto the surface of the catalyst results in the exchange of electrons and holes, which leads to the oxidation and reduction of the adsorbed dye molecule. Compared to other coinage metal nanoclusters, Ag/g-C3N4 nanoclusters displayed an excellent degradation rate constant with the dye Rhodamine B (0.0332 min-1). The behavior of doping transition metals in coinage metal nanoclusters is also reviewed herein. In addition, we discuss the mechanistic grounds for degradation, the fate of metal nanoclusters, anti-bacterial activity of nanoclusters, toxicity of dyes, and sensing of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan Jaipur 303007 India
| | - Mainak Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan Jaipur 303007 India
| | - Mamta Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur Dehmi Kalan Jaipur 303007 India
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5
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Han SM, Song S, Yi H, Sim E, Lee D. Synthesis of RhH-doped Au-Ag alloy nanoclusters and dopant evolution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4851-4857. [PMID: 38314888 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Doping atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) with heterometals is a powerful method for tuning the physicochemical properties of the original NCs at the atomic level. While the heterometals incorporated into metal NCs are limited to group 10-12 metals with closed d-shells, the doping of open d-shell metals remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report the synthesis of Rh-doped Au-Ag alloy NCs by a metal-exchange reaction of [RhHAg24(SPhMe2)18]2- NCs with an Au-thiolate complex. Combined experimental and theoretical structural studies revealed that the synthesized product is a dianionic [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC (x = 8-12), consisting of RhH dopant, Au-rich kernel, and Ag-thiolate staple motifs, with the superatomic 8-electron configuration (1S21P6). Under aerobic conditions, the synthesized NCs underwent kernel evolution to generate a 6-electron [RhAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]1- NC (1S21P4), which was initiated by the desorption of hydride from the kernel. Structural analysis of the [RhHAuxAg24-x(SPhMe2)18]2- NC suggests that the kernel evolution is induced by the change in chemical bonds surrounding the hydride in the Au-rich kernel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myeong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhwan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanseok Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Sun K, Fu Y, Sekine T, Mabuchi H, Hossain S, Zhang Q, Liu D, Das S, He D, Negishi Y. Metal Nanoclusters as a Superior Polysulfides Immobilizer toward Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304210. [PMID: 37626458 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high designability, unique geometric and electronic structures, and surface coordination chemistry, atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging class of functional nanomaterials at the forefront of materials research. However, the current research on metal nanoclusters is mainly fundamental, and their practical applications are still uncharted. The surface binding properties and redox activity of Au24 Pt(PET)18 (PET: phenylethanethiolate, SCH2 CH2 Ph) nanoclusters are herein harnessed as an high-efficiency electrocatalyst for the anchoring and rapid conversion of lithium polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Au24 Pt(PET)18 @G composites are prepared by using the large specific surface area, high porosity, and conductive network of graphene (G) for the construction of battery separator that can inhibit polysulfide shuttle and accelerate electrochemical kinetics. Resultantly, the LSB using a Au24 Pt(PET)18 @G-based separator presents a high reversible specific capacity of 1535.4 mA h g-1 for the first cycle at 0.2 A g-1 and a rate capability of 887 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1 . After 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1 , the capacity is 558.5 mA h g-1 . This study is a significant step toward the application of metal nanoclusters as optimal electrocatalysts for LSBs and other sustainable energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- School of Materials and Energy, and LONGi, Institute of Future Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yujun Fu
- School of Materials and Energy, and LONGi, Institute of Future Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Taishu Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Haruna Mabuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, and LONGi, Institute of Future Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dequan Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, and LONGi, Institute of Future Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Deyan He
- School of Materials and Energy, and LONGi, Institute of Future Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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7
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Muñoz-Castro A. Second-order superatoms: Au 52-PAP featuring a three-dimensional cluster-of-clusters core. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17696-17700. [PMID: 37990872 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02693k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent characterization of Au52-PAP cluster can be viewed as a three-dimensional arrangement featuring four Au13 motifs. As a result, a new set of superatomic orbitals are built up from the superatomic shell of each constituent unit, denoted by 1S'21P'62S'21D'102P'61F'6 and, thus, referred to as a second-order superatomic shell structure. This favors the rationalization of larger species toward the formation of cluster-assembled materials of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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8
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Tan SCL, He Z, Wang G, Yu Y, Yang L. Protein-Templated Metal Nanoclusters: Molecular-like Hybrids for Biosensing, Diagnostics and Pharmaceutics. Molecules 2023; 28:5531. [PMID: 37513403 PMCID: PMC10383052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of proteins as biomolecular templates to synthesize atomically precise metal nanoclusters has been gaining traction due to their appealing properties such as photoluminescence, good colloidal- and photostability and biocompatibility. The synergistic effect of using a protein scaffold and metal nanoclusters makes it especially attractive for biomedical applications. Unlike other reviews, we focus on proteins in general as the protective ligand for various metal nanoclusters and highlight their applications in the biomedical field. We first introduce the approaches and underlined principles in synthesizing protein-templated metal nanoclusters and summarize some of the typical proteins that have been used thus far. Afterwards, we highlight the key physicochemical properties and the characterization techniques commonly used for the size, structure and optical properties of protein-templated metal nanoclusters. We feature two case studies to illustrate the importance of combining these characterization techniques to elucidate the formation process of protein-templated metal nanoclusters. Lastly, we highlight the promising applications of protein-templated metal nanoclusters in three areas-biosensing, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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9
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BSA Capped gold Nanoclusters Modulated by Copper ion for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Histidine in Biological Fluid. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:697-706. [PMID: 36484888 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research proposed a sample and environmentally sustainable technique for the synthesis of bovine serum albumin capped gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) with outstanding fluorescence. The synthesized BSA-AuNCs were investigated using various ways before being combined with Cu2+ to produce a fluorescent switch probe (BSA-AuNCs-Cu2+) for histidine determination. After adding Cu2+, the fluorescence of the BSA-AuNCs was quenched, the fluorescence intensity was enhanced after adding histidine due to good coordination between Cu2+ and histidine. The significant chelation of histidine with Cu2+ demonstrated the viability of developing a selective "switch on" probe for histidine detecting over other amino acids. Unlike existing fluorescent nanomaterial-based approaches for detecting histidine, this study promises good selectivity, high efficiency, and the avoiding of chemical solvents. The designed BSA-AuNCs-Cu2+ fluorescent probe demonstrated an acceptable linear detection range of 0 to 240 µM under optimum circumstances, with a detection limit of 0.9 µM. The BSA-AuNCs-Cu2+ system was investigated in rat serum and human urine, with recoveries ranging from 97.2 to 108.2%, demonstrating its potential applicability for histidine detection with favorable results.
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10
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Wang H, Li J, Chen J, Bu Y, Cheng SB. Solvent field regulated superhalogen in pure and doped gold cluster anions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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11
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Protein encapsulation of nanocatalysts: A feasible approach to facilitate catalytic theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114648. [PMID: 36513163 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-mimicking nanocatalysts, also termed nanozymes, have attracted much attention in recent years. They are considered potential alternatives to natural enzymes due to their multiple catalytic activities and high stability. However, concerns regarding the colloidal stability, catalytic specificity, efficiency and biosafety of nanomaterials in biomedical applications still need to be addressed. Proteins are biodegradable macromolecules that exhibit superior biocompatibility and inherent bioactivities; hence, the protein modification of nanocatalysts is expected to improve their bioavailability to match clinical needs. The diversity of amino acid residues in proteins provides abundant functional groups for the conjugation or encapsulation of nanocatalysts. Moreover, protein encapsulation can not only improve the overall performance of nanocatalysts in biological systems, but also bestow materials with new features, such as targeting and retention in pathological sites. This review aims to report the recent developments and perspectives of protein-encapsulated catalysts in their functional improvements, modification methods and applications in biomedicine.
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12
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Samudre NS, Singh CP, Krishnamurty S. Understanding the thermal stability of a 3d, 4d, and 5d element doped aluminium nanocluster through BOMD simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2153151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S. Samudre
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrodai Pratap Singh
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Eom E, Song M, Kim JC, Kwon DI, Rainer DN, Gołąbek K, Nam SC, Ryoo R, Mazur M, Jo C. Confining Gold Nanoparticles in Preformed Zeolites by Post-Synthetic Modification Enhances Stability and Catalytic Reactivity and Selectivity. JACS AU 2022; 2:2327-2338. [PMID: 36311841 PMCID: PMC9597593 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Confining Au nanoparticles (NPs) in a restricted space (e.g., zeolite micropores) is a promising way of overcoming their inherent thermal instability and susceptibility to aggregation, which limit catalytic applications. However, such approaches involve complex, multistep encapsulation processes. Here, we describe a successful strategy and its guiding principles for confining small (<2 nm) and monodisperse Au NPs within commercially available beta and MFI zeolites, which can oxidize CO at 40 °C and show size-selective catalysis. This protocol involves post-synthetic modification of the zeolite internal surface with thiol groups, which confines AuCl x species inside microporous frameworks during the activation process whereby Au precursors are converted into Au nanoparticles. The resulting beta and MFI zeolites contain uniformly dispersed Au NPs throughout the void space, indicating that the intrinsic stability of the framework promotes resistance to sintering. By contrast, in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies evidenced that Au precursors in bare zeolites migrate from the matrix to the external surface during activation, thereby forming large and poorly dispersed agglomerates. Furthermore, the resistance of confined Au NPs against sintering is likely relevant to the intrinsic stability of the framework, supported by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), H2 chemisorption, and CO Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) studies. The Au NPs supported on commercial MFI maintain their uniform dispersity to a large extent after treatment at 700 °C that sinters Au clusters on mesoporous silicas or beta zeolites. Low-temperature CO oxidation and size-selective reactions highlight that most gold NPs are present inside the zeolite matrix with a diameter smaller than 2 nm. These findings illustrate how confinement favors small, uniquely stable, and monodisperse NPs, even for metals such as Au susceptible to cluster growth under conditions often required for catalytic use. Moreover, this strategy may be readily adapted to other zeolite frameworks that can be functionalized by thiol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Eom
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chul Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-il Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel N. Rainer
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kinga Gołąbek
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sung Chan Nam
- Greenhouse
Gas Research Laboratory, Korea Institute
of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- KENTECH
Laboratory for Chemical, Environmental and
Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju 58330, Republic
of Korea
| | - Michal Mazur
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Changbum Jo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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14
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Bhowmik S, Paria S, Tater I, Maity P. Synthesis of Orange-Red Emissive Au-SG and AuAg-SG Nanoclusters and Their Turn-OFF vs. Turn-ON Metal Ion Sensing. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2271-2280. [PMID: 36068419 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of luminescent metal cluster for selective sensing of specific analyte with detail mechanistic understanding is very important for real world applications as well as for developing new emissive materials. In the present work, we have synthesized L-glutathione stabilized gold (Au-SG) and gold-silver bimetallic (AuAg-SG) clusters under identical experimental conditions with orange red emissive characteristics for both. Detail photo physical analysis reveals that both clusters are phosphorescent in nature with moderate quantum yield of 7% and 19% for Au-SG and AuAg-SG respectively and their excited state lifetime values are in the range of 1-2 μs. While Au-SG cluster showed luminescence quenching response (turn-off) in presence of Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions, AuAg-SG cluster showed turn-off response for Cu2+, Fe3+ and Hg2+, but luminescent enhancement (turn-on) response for Cd2+ ions. The highest detection limit obtained for Cu2+ ion by AuAg-SG cluster is 20 nM while for Cd2+ ion it is 75 nM. From Time Correlated Single Photo Counting (TCSPC) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements we postulated that except Cd2+, all other metal ions cause aggregation of clusters through ligation with SG ligands while Cd2+ ion does not induce any cluster aggregation but binds to cluster surface atoms. The near constant life time values of both clusters during gradual addition of respective metal ions confirms static quenching/enhancement process through formation of stable ground state adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Bhowmik
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University - Gandhinagar, Sector-09, Gandhinagar, 382007, India.,School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University - Tripura, Radhanagar, Agartala, 799001, India
| | - Shashikana Paria
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University - Gandhinagar, Sector-09, Gandhinagar, 382007, India
| | - Ishika Tater
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University - Gandhinagar, Sector-09, Gandhinagar, 382007, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University - Gandhinagar, Sector-09, Gandhinagar, 382007, India. .,School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University - Tripura, Radhanagar, Agartala, 799001, India.
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15
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Li M, Wei J, Song Y, Chen F. Gold nanocrystals: optical properties, fine-tuning of the shape, and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23057-23073. [PMID: 36090439 PMCID: PMC9380198 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noble metal nanomaterials with special physical and chemical properties have attracted considerable attention in the past decades. In particular, Au nanocrystals (NCs), which possess high chemical inertness and unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR), have attracted extensive research interest. In this study, we review the properties and preparation of Au NCs with different morphologies as well as their important applications in biological detection. The preparation of Au NCs with different shapes by many methods such as seed-mediated growth method, seedless synthesis, polyol process, ultrasonic method, and hydrothermal treatment has already been introduced. In the seed-mediated growth method, the influence factors in determining the final shape of Au NCs are discussed. Au NCs, which show significant size-dependent color differences are proposed for preparing biological probes to detect biomacromolecules such as DNA and protein, while probe conjugate molecules serves as unique coupling agents with a target. Particularly, Au nanorods (NRs) have some unique advantages in the application of biological probes and photothermal cancer therapy compared to Au nanoparticles (NPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250101 P. R. China
| | - Jianlu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital Shandong University 107 Wenhua Xi Road Jinan 250012 P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250101 P. R. China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University Jinan 250101 P. R. China
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16
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Linko V, Zhang H, Nonappa, Kostiainen MA, Ikkala O. From Precision Colloidal Hybrid Materials to Advanced Functional Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1785-1795. [PMID: 35647700 PMCID: PMC9260957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe concept of colloids encompasses a wide range of isotropic and anisotropic particles with diverse sizes, shapes, and functions from synthetic nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets to functional biological units. They are addressed in materials science for various functions, while they are ubiquitous in the biological world for multiple functions. A large variety of synthetic colloids have been researched due to their scientific and technological importance; still they characteristically suffer from finite size distributions, imperfect shapes and interactions, and not fully engineered functions. This contrasts with biological colloids that offer precision in their size, shape, and functionality. Materials science has searched for inspiration from the biological world to allow structural control by self-assembly and hierarchy and to identify novel routes for combinations of functions in bio-inspiration.Herein, we first discuss different approaches for highly defined structural control of technically relevant synthetic colloids based on guided assemblies of biological motifs. First, we describe how polydisperse nanoparticles can be assembled within hollow protein cages to allow well-defined assemblies and hierarchical packings. Another approach relies on DNA nanotechnology-based assemblies, where engineered DNA structures allow programmed assembly. Then we will discuss synthetic colloids that have either particularly narrow size dispersity or even atomically precise structures for new assemblies and potential functions. Such colloids can have well-defined packings for membranes allowing high modulus. They can be switchable using light-responsive moieties, and they can initiate packing of larger assemblies of different geometrical shapes. The emphasis is on atomically defined nanoclusters that allow well-defined assemblies by supramolecular interactions, such as directional hydrogen bonding. Finally, we will discuss stimulus-responsive colloids for new functions, even toward complex responsive functions inspired by life. Therein, stimulus-responsive materials inspired by biological learning could allow the next generation of such materials. Classical conditioning is among the simplest biological learning concepts, requiring two stimuli and triggerable memory. Therein we use thermoresponsive hydrogels with plasmonic gold nanoparticles and a spiropyran photoacid as a model. Heating is the unconditioned stimulus leading to melting of the thermoresponsive gel, whereas light (at a specified wavelength) originally leads to reduced pH without plasmonic or structural changes because of steric gel stabilization. Under heat-induced gel melting, light results in pH-decrease and chain-like aggregation of the gold nanoparticles, allowing a new plasmonic response. Thus, simultaneous heating and light irradiation allow conditioning for a newly derived stimulus, where the logic diagram is analogous to Pavlovian conditioning. The shown assemblies demonstrate the different functionalities achievable using colloids when the sizes and the dispersity are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Linko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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17
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Dong XX, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang H, Bu Y, Cheng SB. Dual External Field-Engineered Hyperhalogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3942-3948. [PMID: 35476542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhalogens, a superatom featuring the highest known electron affinity (EA), have promising applications in the synthesis of superoxidizers. Contributions regarding the identified numbers and corresponding design strategies of hyperhalogens, however, are scarce. Herein, a novel and noninvasive dual external field (DEF) strategy, including the ligand field and oriented external electric field (OEEF), is proposed to construct hyperhalogens. The DEF strategy was shown to possess the power to increase Au8's EA, forming the hyperhalogen. Strikingly, the ligation process can increase the cluster's stability, while OEEF can realize the precise and continuous regulation of the cluster's EA. Moreover, besides the model Au8 system, an experimentally synthesized Ag17 nanocluster was also investigated, further demonstrating the reliability of the proposed strategy. Considering the crucial role of ligands in the liquid synthesis of clusters and the convenient source of OEEF, such a DEF strategy may greatly increase the synthesis and applications of hyperhalogens in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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18
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Adnan RH, Madridejos JML, Alotabi AS, Metha GF, Andersson GG. A Review of State of the Art in Phosphine Ligated Gold Clusters and Application in Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105692. [PMID: 35332703 PMCID: PMC9130904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold clusters are highly desirable due to their well-defined structure which allows the study of structure-property relationships. In addition, they have potential in technological applications such as nanoscale catalysis. The structural, chemical, electronic, and optical properties of ligated gold clusters are strongly defined by the metal-ligand interaction and type of ligands. This critical feature renders gold-phosphine clusters unique and distinct from other ligand-protected gold clusters. The use of multidentate phosphines enables preparation of varying core sizes and exotic structures beyond regular polyhedrons. Weak gold-phosphorous (Au-P) bonding is advantageous for ligand exchange and removal for specific applications, such as catalysis, without agglomeration. The aim of this review is to provide a unified view of gold-phosphine clusters and to present an in-depth discussion on recent advances and key developments for these clusters. This review features the unique chemistry, structural, electronic, and optical properties of gold-phosphine clusters. Advanced characterization techniques, including synchrotron-based spectroscopy, have unraveled substantial effects of Au-P interaction on the composition-, structure-, and size-dependent properties. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations that reveal insights into experimental findings are also discussed. Finally, a discussion of the application of gold-phosphine clusters in catalysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohul H. Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCenter for Hydrogen EnergyUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)Johor Bahru81310Malaysia
| | | | - Abdulrahman S. Alotabi
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and Arts in BaljurashiAlbaha UniversityBaljurashi65655Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia5042Australia
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19
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Muñoz-Castro A. N-Heterocyclic carbene derivatives to modify gold superatom characteristics. Tailorable electronic and optical properties of [Au 11(PPh 3) 7LCl 2] + as a cluster from relativistic DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5965-5973. [PMID: 35195620 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold superatoms are useful building blocks whose properties can be tuned by the proper choice of ligands in the protecting ligand layer. Herein, different N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derivatives of the prototypical [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]+ cluster were evaluated by the replacement of a single ligand, which led to isoelectronic [Au11(PPh3)7(NHC)Cl2]+ species, enabling further understanding of the possible changes in the resulting cluster properties. Our results reveal the great variation in the HOMO-LUMO gap and optical features when going from strong to weak σ-donor NHC ligands. The Au11 core retains similar features throughout the series, and the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) is further stabilized, indicating greater π*-NHC character for the weaker σ-donor ligands, which favors directional core-ligand optical charge transfer to a single ligand. The ligand-tailored behavior of the [Au11(PPh3)7LCl2]+ cluster underlies its tunable characteristics, indicating its potential use in novel devices as building blocks of nanostructured materials, which favors further versatility and applications of superatomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
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20
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Plath LD, Abroshan H, Zeng C, Kim HJ, Jin R, Bier ME. Mass Spectrometry of Au 10(4- tert-butylbenzenethiolate) 10 Nanoclusters Using Superconducting Tunnel Junction Cryodetection Reveals Distinct Metastable Fragmentation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:521-529. [PMID: 35147432 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryodetection mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the Au10(TBBT)10 (TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) catenane nanocluster. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) process generates distinct fragments that can be arranged into two distinct regimes: (i) in-source fragmentation, which occurs rapidly in a relatively short (<170 ns) time frame, and (ii) metastable fragmentation, which occurs postacceleration during a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analysis over a longer time frame (>170 ns-250 μs). Using MALDI-TOF MS with superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) cryodetection, distinct metastable nanocluster fragments were resolved at lower energies deposited into the detector. The results also demonstrated that STJ cryodetection MS can be used to acquire multiple (>10), simultaneous tandem mass spectra in a single experiment. Simulated fragmentation of the Au10 nanocluster using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) revealed the different fragmentation processes and confirmed the MS results. Using both the empirical MS data and AIMD calculations, fragmentation pathways are proposed for Au10(TBBT)10, which terminate with two small, stable ringed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Plath
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Molecular Analysis, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hadi Abroshan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hyung J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mark E Bier
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center for Molecular Analysis, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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21
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Panthi G, Park M. Synthesis of metal nanoclusters and their application in Hg 2+ ions detection: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127565. [PMID: 34736203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mercuric (Hg2+) ions released from human activities, natural phenomena, and industrial sources are regarded as the global pollutant of world's water. Hg2+ ions contaminated water has several adverse effects on human health and the environment even at low concentrations. Therefore, rapid and cost-effective method is urgently required for the detection of Hg2+ ions in water. Although, the current analytical methods applied for the detection of Hg2+ ions provide low detection limit, they are time consuming, require expensive equipment, and are not suitable for in-situ analysis. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) consisting of several to ten metal atoms are important transition missing between single atoms and plasmonic metal nanoparticles. In addition, sub-nanometer sized MNCs possess unique electronic structures and the subsequent unusual optical, physical, and chemical properties. Because of these novel properties, MNCs as a promising material have attracted considerable attention for the construction of selective and sensitive sensors to monitor water quality. Hence this review is focused on recent advances on synthesis strategies, and optical and chemical properties of various MNCs including their applications to develop optical assay for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea; Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju, Chonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Muñoz-Castro A. Ligand-Core Interaction in Ligand-Protected Ag25(XR)18 (X= S, Se, Te) Superatoms. Evaluation of Anchor Atom Role via Relativistic DFT Calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17233-17241. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The isostructural and isoelectronic silver [Ag25(SR)18]- (R=Ligand) cluster to [Au25(SR)18]- gold clusters allows to further understand the fundamental similarities between Au and Ag, at the ultrasmall nanoscale (< 2 nm)...
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23
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Basu S, Paul A, Antoine R. Controlling the Chemistry of Nanoclusters: From Atomic Precision to Controlled Assembly. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:62. [PMID: 35010012 PMCID: PMC8746821 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters have gained prominence in nanomaterials sciences, owing to their atomic precision, structural regularity, and unique chemical composition. Additionally, the ligands stabilizing the clusters provide great opportunities for linking the clusters in higher order dimensions, eventually leading to the formation of a repertoire of nanoarchitectures. This makes the chemistry of atomic clusters worth exploring. In this mini review, we aim to focus on the chemistry of nanoclusters. Firstly, we summarize the important strategies developed so far for the synthesis of atomic clusters. For each synthetic strategy, we highlight the chemistry governing the formation of nanoclusters. Next, we discuss the key techniques in the purification and separation of nanoclusters, as the chemical purity of clusters is deemed important for their further chemical processing. Thereafter which we provide an account of the chemical reactions of nanoclusters. Then, we summarize the chemical routes to the spatial organization of atomic clusters, highlighting the importance of assembly formation from an application point of view. Finally, we raise some fundamentally important questions with regard to the chemistry of atomic clusters, which, if addressed, may broaden the scope of research pertaining to atomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Anumita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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24
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Computational probe for the geometrical structure and spectroscopic properties of Ga2Mgn+ (n = 1–11) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Cárdenas CE, Tlahuice-Flores A. On the structure of Au 11(SR) 9 and Au 13(SR) 11 clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19636-19646. [PMID: 34524294 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiolated gold clusters are constituted by building blocks (Au4, Au6, Au12 and so on) and protected by staple motifs (-S-Au-S-Au-S-…). In this study, we propose the structure of Au11(SR)9 and Au13(SR)11 clusters that are in the synthesis route of the ubiquitous Au15(SR)13 cluster. Our DFT-D calculations support one triangular Au3 unit as the smallest one comprising the structure of the Au11(SR)9 cluster, while it competes with the Au4 unit found in the Au13(SR)11 cluster. The ligand effects on the electronic, optical and chiroptical properties were studied by considering H, CH3, phenyl and adamantyl as protecting ligands. In the case of the Au11(SR)9 cluster, its Au3 inner core is protected by one dimer motif and one [Au6(SR)6] cyclomer when H and CH3 were considered as ligands, and the preference for Au3 over Au4 inner core was calculated to be 0.042 (H), 0.190 (CH3), and 0.117 eV (adamantyl). In contrast, the preference for one Au4 core increased when using phenyl ligands (0.23 eV energy difference) and dimer and pentamer motifs. Moreover, the Au13(SR)11 cluster (R = CH3) has one Au4 inner core and is protected by the combination of cyclomer, monomer and dimer motifs, and the isomer containing one Au3 inner core and protected by one tetramer and one [Au6(SR)6] cyclomer is 0.170 eV less stable. This implies that the Au3 unit is important in these small sizes and that the energetic preference depends on the used ligand types. Moreover, we discuss the IR/Raman, optical absorption (UV-vis), and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of our predicted new structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Emilio Cárdenas
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, Mexico.
| | - A Tlahuice-Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, Mexico.
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26
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Rodríguez-Kessler PL, Rojas-Poblete M, Muñoz-Castro A. Evaluation of ultrasmall coinage metal M 13(dppe) 6 M = Cu, Ag, and Au clusters. Bonding, structural and optical properties from relativistic DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18035-18043. [PMID: 34386809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall ligand-protected clusters are prototypical species for evaluating the variation at the bottom of the nanoscale range. Here we explored the ultrasmall gold-phosphine M13(dppe)6 cluster, as a prototypical framework to gain insights into the fundamental similarities and differences between Au, Ag, and Cu, in the 1-3 nm size range, via relativistic DFT calculations. Different charge states involving 8- and 10-cluster electron (ce) species with a 1S21P6 and 1S21P61D2 configuration, leading to structural modification in the Au species between Au13(dppm)65+ and Au13(dppm)63+, respectively. Furthermore, this structural distortion of the M13 core is found to occur to a lower degree for the calculated Ag and Cu counterparts. Interestingly, optical properties exhibit similar main patterns along with the series, inducing a blue-shift for silver and copper, in comparison to the gold parent cluster. For 10-ce species, the main features of 8-ce are retained with the appearance of several weak transitions in the range. The ligand-core interaction is enhanced for gold counterparts and decreased for lighter counterparts resulting in the Au > Cu > Ag trend for the interaction stabilization. Hence, the Ag and Cu counterparts of the Au13(dppm)6 cluster appear as useful alternatives, which can be further explored towards different cluster alternatives for building blocks for nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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28
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Dong J, Gao ZH, Wang LS. The synthesis and characterization of a new diphosphine-protected gold hydride nanocluster. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034307. [PMID: 34293870 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold is the most inert metal and does not form a bulk hydride. However, gold becomes chemically active in the nanometer scale and gold nanoparticles have been found to exhibit important catalytic properties. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a highly stable ligand-protected gold hydride nanocluster, [Au22H3(dppee)7]3+ [dppee = bis(2-diphenylphosphino) ethyl ether]. A synthetic method is developed to obtain high purity samples of the gold trihydride nanocluster with good yields. The properties of the new hydride cluster are characterized with different experimental techniques, as well as theoretical calculations. Solid samples of [Au22H3(dppee)7]3+ are found to be stable under ambient conditions. Both experimental evidence and theoretical evidence suggest that the Au22H3 core of the [Au22H3(dppee)7]3+ hydride nanocluster consists of two Au11 units bonded via two triangular faces, creating six uncoordinated Au sites at the interface. The three H atoms bridge the six uncoordinated Au atoms at the interface. The Au11 unit behaves as an eight-electron trivalent superatom, forming a superatom triple bond (Au11 ≡ Au11) in the [Au22H3(dppee)7]3+ trihydride nanocluster assisted by the three bridging H atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Ze-Hua Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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29
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Jin B, Wang Y, Jin C, De Yoreo JJ, Tang R. Revealing Au 13 as Elementary Clusters During the Early Formation of Au Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5938-5943. [PMID: 34156865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation mechanism of nanocrystals in solution is fundamental to the development of materials science. For a metal nanocrystal, the cluster-mediated formation mechanism is still poorly understood. In particular, identifying what types of clusters are dominant and how they evolve into a nanocrystal in the early nucleation stage remains a great challenge. Here, using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy, we directly observe the formation of ultrasmall Au clusters (∼0.84 nm) in the presence of PAA-Na. These clusters, which correspond to the size of the Au13 cluster, coalesce to form nanocrystals. Our molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Au13 in an aqueous environment has greater stability when compared to other cluster sizes and provide atomistic details of growth by cluster coalescence. Collectively, our demonstration of Au13 as the dominant species with an elaboration of their coalescence kinetics sheds light on nonclassical nanocrystal formation mechanisms and offers useful guidelines for designing innovative pathways for the synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yanming Wang
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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30
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Gharib M, Galchenko M, Klinke C, Parak WJ, Chakraborty I. Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gharib
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Radiation Biology Department Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Christian Klinke
- Institute of Physics University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 23 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry Swansea University – Singleton Park Swansea UK
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- CIC Biomagune San Sebastian Spain
| | - Indranath Chakraborty
- Fachbereich Physik Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN) Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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31
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Neumaier M, Baksi A, Weis P, Schneider EK, Chakraborty P, Hahn H, Pradeep T, Kappes MM. Kinetics of Intercluster Reactions between Atomically Precise Noble Metal Clusters [Ag 25(DMBT) 18] - and [Au 25(PET) 18] - in Room Temperature Solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6969-6980. [PMID: 33913724 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of intercluster metal atom exchange reactions between solvated [Ag25(DMBT)18]- and [Au25(PET)18]- (DMBT and PET are 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol and 2-phenylethanethiol, respectively, both C8H10S) were probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and computer-based modeling. Anion mass spectra and collision induced dissociation (CID) measurements show that both cluster monomers and dimers are involved in the reactions. We have modeled the corresponding kinetics assuming a reaction mechanism in which metal atom exchange occurs through transient dimers. Our kinetic model contains three types of generic reactions: dimerization of monomers, metal atom exchange in the transient dimers, and dissociation of the dimers to monomers. There are correspondingly 377 discrete species connected by in total 1302 reactions (i.e., dimerization, dissociation and atom exchange reactions) leading to the entire series of monomeric and dimeric products [AgmAu25-m]- (m = 1-24) and [AgmAu50-m]2- (m = 0-50), respectively. The rate constants of the corresponding reactions were fitted to the experimental data, and good agreement was obtained with exchange rate constants which scale with the probability of finding a silver or gold atom in the respective monomeric subunit of the dimer, i.e., reflecting an entropic driving force for alloying. Allowing the dimerization rate constant to scale with increasing gold composition of the respective reactants improves the agreement further. The rate constants obtained are physically plausible, thus strongly supporting dimer-mediated metal atom exchange in this intercluster reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Neumaier
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erik K Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Horst Hahn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600 036 Chennai, India
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Naher M, Milan DC, Al-Owaedi OA, Planje IJ, Bock S, Hurtado-Gallego J, Bastante P, Abd Dawood ZM, Rincón-García L, Rubio-Bollinger G, Higgins SJ, Agraït N, Lambert CJ, Nichols RJ, Low PJ. Molecular Structure-(Thermo)electric Property Relationships in Single-Molecule Junctions and Comparisons with Single- and Multiple-Parameter Models. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3817-3829. [PMID: 33606524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most probable single-molecule conductance of each member of a series of 12 conjugated molecular wires, 6 of which contain either a ruthenium or platinum center centrally placed within the backbone, has been determined. The measurement of a small, positive Seebeck coefficient has established that transmission through these molecules takes place by tunneling through the tail of the HOMO resonance near the middle of the HOMO-LUMO gap in each case. Despite the general similarities in the molecular lengths and frontier-orbital compositions, experimental and computationally determined trends in molecular conductance values across this series cannot be satisfactorily explained in terms of commonly discussed "single-parameter" models of junction conductance. Rather, the trends in molecular conductance are better rationalized from consideration of the complete molecular junction, with conductance values well described by transport calculations carried out at the DFT level of theory, on the basis of the Landauer-Büttiker model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masnun Naher
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David C Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Oday A Al-Owaedi
- Department of Laser Physics, College of Science for Girls, The University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Inco J Planje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Sören Bock
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Juan Hurtado-Gallego
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Bastante
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Zahra Murtada Abd Dawood
- Department of Laser Physics, College of Science for Girls, The University of Babylon, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Laura Rincón-García
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Gabino Rubio-Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia IMDEA-Nanociencia, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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33
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Jacobo-Fernández JM, Tlahuice-Flores A. Effect of the charge state on the structure of the Au 60 cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:442-448. [PMID: 33319892 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript outlines a DFT-D study of a neutral and charged Au60 cluster. The neutral structure features an I-symmetry, while 1-, 1+, and 2+ charge states result in a structure with Cs symmetry. The main difference among neutral and charged clusters is their compactness and we used a polyhedral approach to analyze their structure in terms of tetrahedral and octahedral building blocks. Moreover, we calculated their IR/Raman spectra to distinguish among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena M Jacobo-Fernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico.
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34
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Han CX, Shao ZM, Li L, Zhou K, Xue CH, Chen BK, Ji JY, Bi YF. Trinuclear cationic silver nanoclusters based-on bis-(phosphine) ligands and stabilized by CF 3SO 3− anions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three trinuclear cationic silver nanoclusters based-on bis-(phosphine) ligands and stabilized by CF3SO3− anions, displayed excellent photocurrent responses and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Xia Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Zi-Mo Shao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Chun-Hui Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Bao-Kuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Jiu-Yu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
| | - Yan-Feng Bi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun
- China
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35
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Dong J, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Wang L. The Synthesis, Bonding, and Transformation of a Ligand‐Protected Gold Nanohydride Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Ze‐Hua Gao
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Qian‐Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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36
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Dong J, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Wang L. The Synthesis, Bonding, and Transformation of a Ligand‐Protected Gold Nanohydride Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2424-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Ze‐Hua Gao
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Qian‐Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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37
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Berti B, Bortoluzzi M, Cesari C, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Soleri L, Zacchini S. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and DFT Investigations of [M xM' 5-xFe 4(CO) 16] 3- (M, M' = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M') 2-D Molecular Alloy Clusters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15936-15952. [PMID: 33081462 PMCID: PMC8015236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Miscellaneous 2-D molecular alloy clusters of the type [MxM'5-xFe4(CO)16]3- (M, M' = Cu, Ag, Au; M ≠ M') have been prepared through the reactions of [Cu3Fe3(CO)12]3-, [Ag4Fe4(CO)16]4- or [M5Fe4(CO)16]3- (M = Cu, Ag) with M'(I) salts (M' = Cu, Ag, Au). Their formation involves a combination of oxidation, condensation, and substitution reactions. The total structures of several [MxM'5-xFe4(CO)16]3- clusters with different compositions have been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and their nature in solution elucidated by electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Substitutional and compositional disorder is present in the solid state structures, and ESI-MS analyses point out that mixtures of isostructural clusters differing by a few M/M' coinage metals are present. SC-XRD studies indicate some site preferences of the coinage metals within the metal cores of these clusters, with Au preferentially in corner sites and Cu in the central site. DFT studies give theoretical support to the experimental structural evidence. The site preference is mainly dictated by the strength of the Fe-M bonds that decreases in the order Fe-Au > Fe-Ag > Fe-Cu, and the preferred structure is the one that maximizes the number of stronger Fe-M interactions. Overall, the molecular nature of these clusters allows their structures to be fully revealed with atomic precision, resulting in the elucidation of the bonding parameters that determine the distribution of the different metals within their metal cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30175 Mestre (Ve), Italy
| | - Cristiana Cesari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Soleri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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38
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Li J, Wang P, Pei Y. From Monolayer-Protected Gold Cluster to Monolayer-Protected Gold-Sulfide Cluster: Geometrical and Electronic Structure Evolutions of Au 60S n (SR) 36 ( n = 0-12). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16901-16911. [PMID: 32685859 PMCID: PMC7366352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters are usually formulated as AuNSR[Au(I)-SR] x , where AuN and SR[Au(I)-SR] x (x = 0, 1, 2, ...) are the inner gold core and outer protection motifs, respectively. In this work, we theoretically envision a new family of S-atom-doped thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters, namely, Au60S n (SR)36 (n = 0-12). A distinct feature of Au60S n (SR)36 nanoclusters (NCs) is that they show a gradual transition from the monolayer-protected metal NC to the SR[Au(I)-(SR)] x oligomer-protected gold-sulfide cluster with the increase of the number of doping S atoms. The possible formation mechanism of the S-atom-doped thiolate-protected gold cluster is investigated, and the size-dependent stability and electronic and optical absorption properties of Au60S n (SR)36 are explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that doping of S atom significantly tails the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap and optical absorption properties of thiolate-protected gold cluster, representing a promising way to fabricate new monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
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39
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Selective solar photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde over monodispersed Cu nanoclusters/TiO2/activated carbon nanocomposite. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Yuan X, Chng LL, Yang J, Ying JY. Miscible-Solvent-Assisted Two-Phase Synthesis of Monolayer-Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters with Various Sizes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906063. [PMID: 31985102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective yet versatile synthetic strategies for size-tunable metal nanoclusters (NCs) are scarce. This has hampered the development of this unique class of nanomaterials. Here, a general protocol is reported for the synthesis of high-quality metal NCs protected by a variety of organic ligands (e.g., selenolate, thiolate, and phosphine) based on a miscible-solvent-assisted phase transfer between water and organic solution. This method is demonstrated to be facile, rapid (≤3 h), scalable (gram-scale), and versatile. The size of the selenolated and thiolated Au NCs can be tuned from Au10 to Au61 by simply varying the miscible solvent in proportions and types. The advantages of this method, such as quick phase separation and no need for purification treatment, enable real-time monitoring of metal NC growth within the NaBH4 reduction system. The results show that the size of Au NCs gradually increases with increasing valence electron count by a stepwise 2x e- hopping mechanism (x = 0-5), i.e., 0 e- → 2 e- → 4 e- → 8 e- → 18 e- → 22 e- → 32 e- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Leng Leng Chng
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Yang
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
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41
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Berti B, Bortoluzzi M, Cesari C, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Mazzoni R, Vacca F, Zacchini S. Thermal Growth of Au-Fe Heterometallic Carbonyl Clusters Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Phosphine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2228-2240. [PMID: 32003563 PMCID: PMC7997394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermal reactions of [NEt4][Fe(CO)4(AuNHC)] [NHC = IMes ([NEt4][1]) or IPr ([NEt4][2]); IMes = C3N2H2(C6H2Me3)2; IPr = C3N2H2(C6H3iPr2)2], Fe(CO)4(AuNHC)2 [NHC = IMes (3) or IPr (4)], Fe(CO)4(AuIMes)(AuIPr) (5), and Fe(CO)4(AuNHC)(AuPPh3) [NHC = IMes (6) or IPr (7)] were investigated in different solvents [CH2Cl2, CH3CN, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)] and at different temperatures (50-160 °C) in an attempt to obtain higher-nuclearity clusters. 1 and 2 completely decomposed in refluxing CH2Cl2, resulting in [Fe2(CO)8(AuNHC)]- [NHC = IMes (10) or IPr (11)]. Traces of [Fe3(CO)10(CCH3)]- (12) were obtained as a side product. Conversely, 6 decomposed in refluxing CH3CN, affording the new cluster [Au3{Fe(CO)4}2(PPh3)2]- (15). The relative stability of the two isomers found in the solid state structure of 15 was computationally investigated. 4 was very stable, and only after prolonged heating above 150 °C in dmso was limited decomposition observed, affording small amounts of [Fe3S(CO)9]2- (9), [HFe(CO)4]- (16), and [Au16S{Fe(CO)4}4(IPr)4]n+ (17). A dicationic nature for 17 was proposed on the basis of density functional theory calculations. All of the other reactions examined led to species that were previously reported. The molecular structures of the new clusters 11, 12, 15, and 17 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as their [NEt4][11]·1.5toluene, [Au(IMes)2][15]·0.67CH2Cl2, [NEt4][12], and [17][BF4]n·solvent salts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi , Ca' Foscari University of Venice , Via Torino , 155-30175 Mestre, Venice , Italy
| | - Cristiana Cesari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Federico Vacca
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
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42
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Duan GX, Han J, Yang BZ, Xie YP, Lu X. Oxometalate and phosphine ligand co-protected silver nanoclusters: Ag 28(dppb) 6(MO 4) 4 and Ag 32(dppb) 12(MO 4) 4(NO 3) 4. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1617-1622. [PMID: 31872837 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07779k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiols, alkynyls and phosphines are the most widely used organic ligands to attain atomically precise metal nanoclusters, while oxometalates as inorganic ligands have almost been neglected in this field. Here, we used oxometalates (e.g., MoO42- and WO42-) as protecting ligands along with phosphines, such as 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb), to design and synthesize a new class of silver nanoclusters including Ag28(dppb)6(MoO4)4, Ag28(dppb)6(WO4)4 and Ag32(dppb)12(MoO4)4(NO3)4. Each cluster consists of a two-shell Ag4@Ag24 core protected by 4 oxometalates. These clusters exhibit similar optical absorption and photoluminescence properties that are not dependent on surface ligands. Furthermore, the electronic structure analysis shows that the clusters are 20-electron "superatoms". This work demonstrates that oxometalates can play a key role in the formation of silver nanoclusters, and the effect of oxometalates should be considered in the design and synthesis of metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xiong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yu Y, Lee WD, Tan YN. Protein-protected gold/silver alloy nanoclusters in metal-enhanced singlet oxygen generation and their correlation with photoluminescence. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110525. [PMID: 32228897 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoluminescent noble metal nanoclusters (NCs, core size <2 nm) have recently emerged as a new type of photosensitizers advantageous over conventional photosensitizers due to their high singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficiency, excellent photostability and water solubility, as well as good biocompatibility for photodynamic therapy and bioimaging. However, no correlation has been established between the intrinsic 1O2 generation and photoluminescence properties of metal NCs with their size, composition, and concentration, which is important to customize the molecule-like properties of NCs for different applications. Herein, we report a systematic study to uncover the rational design of bimetallic NCs with controllable 1O2 generation efficiency by tuning their compositions through spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction. A series of ultrasmall gold/silver alloy nanoclusters (AuAgNCs) were synthesized by reacting bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein-protected Ag13NCs (13 Ag atoms/cluster) with varying concentrations of gold precursor at room temperature. It was found that the 1O2 generation efficiency of the resultant BSA-protected AuAgNCs were inversely correlated to their photoluminescence intensity. Interestingly, plasmonic gold nanoparticles (>10 nm) were also formed simultaneously by photobleaching of the BSA-AuAgNCs, leading to significant metal enhancement effect to the 1O2 generation rate much higher (~45 times) than that of the monometallic BSA-Ag13NC. This versatile two-for-one strategy to develop next generation metal-enhanced bimetallic NC photosensitizers in one pot opens up new opportunities in designing advanced hybrid nanomaterials with complementary and/or enhanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Wen Di Lee
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, 138634, Singapore; Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Sensing of Zn(II) and nitroaromatics using salicyclaldehyde conjugated lysozyme-stabilized fluorescent gold nanoclusters. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wing-Bocanegra A, Tlahuice-Flores A. Effect of the charge state on bare monoicosahedral [Au 13] z+ and diphosphine-protected Au 13 clusters [Au 13(dmpe) 5Cl 2] z+: structural, electronic and vibrational DFT studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23855-23864. [PMID: 31641705 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a GGA-PBE study of [Au13]z+ bare clusters (z = +3, +5) and diphosphine protected [Au13(dmpe)5Cl2]z+ clusters (z = 1, 3) is presented. To explore the application of the [Au13((P(CH3)2CH2)2)5Cl2]3+ cluster as a cisplatin carrier, we have evaluated the adsorption energy of one cisplatin dimer interacting with the complex (0.53 eV). By considering a 1+ charge state, we have determined one cluster featuring a slight reduced HOMO-LUMO gap, with an inner Au13 core heavily distorted (strong charge effects). It is found that the filling/distribution of the superatomic energy levels is affected by the addition of two electrons to the [Au13(dmpe)5Cl2]3+ cluster with a reduction of its symmetry (C1 point group). In addition, the calculated IR and Raman spectra of charged [Au13(dmpe)5Cl2]z+ clusters allow distinguishing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wing-Bocanegra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, CICFIM-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico.
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Meng X, Zare I, Yan X, Fan K. Protein-protected metal nanoclusters: An emerging ultra-small nanozyme. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1602. [PMID: 31724330 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protected metal nanoclusters (MNCs), typically consisting of several to a hundred metal atoms with a protein outer layer used for protecting clusters from aggregation, are excellent fluorescent labels for biomedical applications due to their extraordinary photoluminescence, facile synthesis and good biocompatibility. Interestingly, many protein-protected MNCs have also been reported to exhibit intrinsic enzyme-like activities, namely peroxidase, oxidase and catalase activities, and are consequently used for biological analysis and environmental treatment. These findings have extended the horizon of protein-protected MNCs' properties as well as their application in various fields. Furthermore, in the field of nanozymes, protein-protected MNCs have emerged as an outstanding new addition. Due to their ultra-small size (<2 nm), they usually have higher catalytic activity, more suitable size for in vivo application, better biocompatibility and photoluminescence in comparison with large size nanozymes. In this review, we will systematically introduce the significant advances in this field and critically discuss the challenges that lie ahead. Ultra-small nanozymes based on protein-protected MNCs are on the verge of attracting great interest across various disciplines and will stimulate research in the fields of nanotechnology and biology. This article is characterized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqin Meng
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iman Zare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Xiyun Yan
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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García C, Pollitt S, van der Linden M, Truttmann V, Rameshan C, Rameshan R, Pittenauer E, Allmaier G, Kregsamer P, Stöger-Pollach M, Barrabés N, Rupprechter G. Support effect on the reactivity and stability of Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60 nanoclusters in liquid phase cyclohexane oxidation. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tang L, Kang X, Wang S, Zhu M. Light-Induced Size-Growth of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12350-12355. [PMID: 31502851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A photo-induced transformation from [Au23(S-c-C6)16]-(TOA)+ to Au28(S-c-C6)20 nanocluster was first reported in this work. The [Au23(S-c-C6)16]-(TOA)+ nanocluster is first excited to [Au23(S-c-C6)16]•-(TOA)+ by photons with energy higher than its Eg (Eg = HOMO - LUMO energy gap), and then, the negatively charged [Au23(S-c-C6)16]•- nanocluster was oxidized to the neutral state by transfering one electron to O2. The unstable neutral cluster [Au23(S-c-C6)16]0 obtained was decomposed into smaller nanocluster and finally reassembled into the Au28(S-c-C6)20 nanocluster. Time-dependent UV-vis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterizations were performed to monitor the nanocluster size transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials , Anhui University , Hefei , Anhui 230601 , China
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Yan L. Face-Sharing Homo- and Hetero-Bitetrahexahedral Superatomic Molecules M 1M 2@Li 20 (M 1/M 2 = Ti and W). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5517-5524. [PMID: 31140807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Superatoms, being a class of clusters with chemical behavior similar to atoms, can be used as building blocks for constructing novel functional materials. Here, superatomic molecules M1M2@Li20 (M1/M2 = Ti and W) are built with our recently discovered tetrahexahedral superatoms Ti@Li14 and W@Li14. A low-energy face-sharing bi-tetrahexahedral structure with a high symmetry of D6 h is identified by global minimum structure search and frequency calculations. The number of shared Li atoms amounts to 6, which is rarely seen before. Molecular orbital and chemical bonding analyses reveal that although isolated superatoms Ti@Li14 and W@Li14 are nonmagnetic, Ti2@Li20 is an open-shell superatomic molecule with a magnetic moment of 2 μB, whereas for W2@Li20, the electronic shell remains closed. In both Ti2@Li20 and W2@Li20, a quadruple superbonding between superatoms is found. Interestingly, an assembly of two hetero-tetrahexahedral superatoms Ti@Li14 and W@Li14 also gives a face-sharing bi-tetrahexahedral structure but with a notable dipole moment. This study provides a basic understanding for the superatomic bonding of Ti@Li14 and W@Li14, which may aid their application in developing multi-superatom molecules or even bulk crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yan
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang 524088 , China
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Muñoz-Castro A. On the ligand-core interaction in ligand-protected gold superatoms. Insights from Au 25(XR) 18 (X = S, Se, Te) via relativistic DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13022-13029. [PMID: 31166341 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of gold nanoparticles by using thiolate-based ligands is a relevant issue in the design of functional nanostructures. Superatomic clusters, through the prominent Au25(SR)18 aggregate, offer a prototypical template to deepen the understanding of the different behaviors gained by the inclusion of different chalcogen atoms at the ligand layer. Through the study of [Au25(XMe)18]- (X = S, Se and Te), our results revealed that the bonding between the formally [Au13]5+ core and the protecting layer (PL), further involves the unoccupied 1D-, 1F- and 2S-[Au13] superatomic shells, acting as a charge acceptor in the PL → Au13 charge transfer upon formation of the cluster. In addition, the optical properties showed an increase in the Stokes shift between the S0→ S1 excitation, and S0← S1 emission, going from -SMe to -TeMe, owing to a more distorted core in the excited state for the heavier counterpart. The approach here employed expands the bonding picture between the [Au13]5+ and the protecting layer between different anchor atoms, in addition to the formal ionic description of an isolated core. These findings seek to enhance our understanding of bonding, and the optical characteristic resulting from the use of heavier chalcogen atoms in the protecting layer, which can be employed as design guidelines to incorporate or modify the molecular properties towards the synthesis of ligand-protected gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Av. El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago de Chile.
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