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Dembitsky VM. Biological Activity and Structural Diversity of Steroids Containing Aromatic Rings, Phosphate Groups, or Halogen Atoms. Molecules 2023; 28:5549. [PMID: 37513423 PMCID: PMC10384810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the investigation of the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids. The study encompasses various natural compounds, such as steroids with aromatic ring(s), steroid phosphate esters derived from marine invertebrates, and steroids incorporating halogen atoms (I, Br, or Cl). These compounds are either produced by fungi or fungal endophytes or found in extracts of plants, algae, or marine invertebrates. To assess the biological activity of these natural compounds, an extensive examination of referenced literature sources was conducted. The evaluation encompassed in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as the utilization of the QSAR method. Numerous compounds exhibited notable properties such as strong anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-Parkinsonian, diuretic, anti-eczematic, anti-psoriatic, and various other activities. Throughout the review, 3D graphs illustrating the activity of individual steroids are presented alongside images of selected terrestrial or marine organisms. Additionally, the review provides explanations for specific types of biological activity associated with these compounds. The data presented in this review hold scientific interest for academic science as well as practical implications in the fields of pharmacology and practical medicine. The analysis of the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids provides valuable insights that can contribute to advancements in both theoretical understanding and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Dembitsky VM, Savidov N, Poroikov VV, Gloriozova TA, Imbs AB. Naturally occurring aromatic steroids and their biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4663-4674. [PMID: 29680899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the distribution and biological activities of natural mono-, di-, and triaromatic steroids. It is shown that the producers of aromatic steroids are microorganisms, fungi, and marine invertebrates, and also they were found in plants, animals, marine sediments, and karst deposits. Eighty biologically active aromatic steroids likely have an anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection activity with a confidence of 78 to 92%. The structures and predicted biological activities of aromatic steroids are available. This review emphasizes the role of aromatic steroids as an important source and potential leads for drug discovery and they are of great interest to chemists, physicians, biologists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 1L6, Canada. .,Biochemistry Lab, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690041.
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 1L6, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew B Imbs
- Biochemistry Lab, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690041
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Kew W, Goodall I, Clarke D, Uhrín D. Chemical Diversity and Complexity of Scotch Whisky as Revealed by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:200-213. [PMID: 27752914 PMCID: PMC5174148 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scotch Whisky is an important product, both culturally and economically. Chemically, Scotch Whisky is a complex mixture, which comprises thousands of compounds, the nature of which are largely unknown. Here, we present a thorough overview of the chemistry of Scotch Whisky as observed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Eighty-five whiskies, representing the majority of Scotch Whisky produced and sold, were analyzed by untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thousands of chemical formulae were assigned for each sample based on parts-per-billion mass accuracy of FT-ICR MS spectra. For the first time, isotopic fine structure analysis was used to confirm the assignment of high molecular weight CHOS species in Scotch Whisky. The assigned spectra were compared using a number of visualization techniques, including van Krevelen diagrams, double bond equivalence (DBE) plots, as well as heteroatomic compound class distributions. Additionally, multivariate analysis, including PCA and OPLS-DA, was used to interpret the data, with key compounds identified for discriminating between types of whisky (blend or malt) or maturation wood type. FT-ICR MS analysis of Scotch Whisky was shown to be of significant potential in further understanding of the complexity of mature spirit drinks and as a tool for investigating the chemistry of the maturation processes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Kew
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Ian Goodall
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, The Robertson Trust Building, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - David Clarke
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Wakeham SG, Canuel EA. Biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the San Joaquin River in California (USA), and current paradigms on their formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10426-10442. [PMID: 26403247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic perylene and higher plant pentacyclic triterpenoid-derived alkylated and partially aromatized tetra- and pentacyclic derivatives of chrysene (3,4,7-trimethyl- and 3,3,7-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene, THC) and picene (1,2,9-trimethyl- and 2,2,9-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropicene, THP) were two- to four-fold more abundant than pyrogenic PAH in two sediment cores from the San Joaquin River in Northern California (USA). In a core from Venice Cut (VC), located in the river, PAH concentrations varied little downcore and the whole-core PAH concentration (biogenics + pyrogenics) was 250.6 ± 73.7 ng g(-1) dw; biogenic PAH constituted 67 ± 4 % of total PAH. THC were 26 ± 9 % of total biogenic PAH, THP were 36 ± 7 %, and perylene was 38 ± 7 %. PAH distributions in a core from Franks Tract (FT), a former wetland that was converted to an agricultural tract in the late 1800s and flooded in 1938, were more variable. Surface sediments were dominated by pyrogenic PAH so that biogenic PAH were only ~30 % of total PAH. Deeper in the core, biogenic PAH constituted 60-93 % of total PAH; THC, THP and perylene were 31 ± 28 %, 24 ± 32 %, and 45 ± 36 % of biogenic PAH. At 100-103 cm depth, THP constituted 80 % of biogenic PAH and at 120-123 cm perylene was 95 % of biogenic PAH. Current concepts related to precursors and transformation processes responsible for the diagenetic generation of perylene and triterpenoid-derived PAH are discussed. Distributions of biogenic PAH in VC and FT sediments suggest that they may not form diagenetically within these sediments but rather might be delivered pre-formed from the river's watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Wakeham
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, The University of Georgia, 10 Ocean Science Circle, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Canuel
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids reported during 2012 including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, serratanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 348 references are cited.
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Chen JL, Zhao ZM, Xue X, Tang GH, Zhu LP, Yang DP, Jiang L. Bioactive norditerpenoids from Flickingeria fimbriata. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
11 new diterpenoids determined by NMR, X-ray diffraction, calculated ECD and CD exciton chirality methods were isolated from Flickingeria fimbriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Long-Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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