1
|
Zou Y, Huang D, He S, Song X, Liu W, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Cooperatively enhanced photothermal-chemotherapy via simultaneously downregulating HSPs and promoting DNA alkylation in cancer cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1010-1017. [PMID: 36755714 PMCID: PMC9890646 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the important strategies for cancer treatment due to its precision and no drug resistance. However, upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) expression during PTT severely limits its overall therapeutic effect. Accordingly, in this study, we developed a new anticancer strategy based on an l-glutathione (GSH)-activated prodrug (Cy-S-S-Cbl), which consisted of an alkylating reagent (Cbl) covalently linked to a photothermal photosensitizer (Cy7), to achieve cooperatively enhanced photothermal-chemotherapy. In the presence of overexpressed GSH in cancer cells, Cy-S-S-Cbl was converted into Cy-NH2 to achieve photothermal effect enhancement by the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) effect and release the alkylation reagent. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect of Cy-NH2 enhanced the DNA alkylation of chemotherapy drugs. Surprisingly, we first found that the therapeutic efficacy of PTT was improved owing to the down-regulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) by chemotherapy. The two treatments had a synergistic promotion effect achieving higher cancer cell killing efficiency. Under 808 nm light irradiation, Cy-S-S-Cbl could effectively realize selective killing of cancer cells and tumor growth inhibition. Therefore, we strongly believe that this efficient cooperative design strategy will provide a new idea to improve the treatment efficiency of prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Daipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics, Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China
| | - Xuefang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Weijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology Ningbo 315016 China.,Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang T, Qiu Q, Ji A, Qu C, Chen H, Cheng Z. Organic single molecule based nano-platform for NIR-II imaging and chemo-photothermal synergistic treatment of tumor. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121670. [PMID: 35835000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrating multiple functionalities of near-infrared second window fluorescence imaging (NIR-Ⅱ FLI), chemotherapy, and photothermal treatment (PTT) into a single molecule is desirable but still a highly challenging task. Herein, inspired by the results that hyperthermia can enhance the cytotoxicity of some alkylating agents, we designed and synthesized the novel compound NM. By introducing nitrogen mustard's active moiety bis(2-chlorethyl)amino into Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D-A-D) electronic structure, the unimolecular system not only behaviored as a chemotherapeutic agent but also exhibited good PTT and NIR-Ⅱ FLI abilities. The hydrophobic agent NM was encapsulated by DSPE-PEG2000 to generate the nano-platform NM-NPs. The current study on in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that NM-NPs make vessels visualize clearly in the NIR-II zone and achieve complete tumor elimination through chemo-photothermal synergistic treatment. Overall, this study provides a new innovative strategy for developing superior, versatile phototheranostics for cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chunrong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scales SJ, Tsai SP, Zacharias N, Cruz-Chuh JD, Bullen G, Velasquez E, Chang J, Bruguera E, Kozak KR, Sadowsky J. Development of a Cysteine-Conjugatable Disulfide FRET Probe: Influence of Charge on Linker Cleavage and Payload Trafficking for an Anti-HER2 Antibody Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3046-3056. [PMID: 31726009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-linked bioconjugates allow the delivery of pharmacologically active or other cargo to specific tissues in a redox-sensitive fashion. However, an understanding of the kinetics, subcellular distribution, and mechanism of disulfide cleavage in such bioconjugates is generally lacking. Here, we report a modular disulfide-linked TAMRA-BODIPY based FRET probe that can be readily synthesized, modified, and conjugated to a cysteine-containing biomolecule to enable real-time monitoring of disulfide cleavage during receptor-mediated endocytosis in cells. We demonstrate the utility of this probe to study disulfide reduction during HER2 receptor-mediated uptake of a Cys-engineered anti-HER2 THIOMAB antibody. We found that introduction of positive, but not negative, charges in the probe improved retention of the BODIPY catabolite. This permitted the observation of significant disulfide cleavage in endosomes or lysosomes on par with proteolytic cleavage of a similarly charged valine-citrulline peptide-based probe. In general, the FRET probe we describe should enable real-time cellular monitoring of disulfide cleavage in other targeted delivery systems for mechanistic or diagnostic applications. Furthermore, modifications to the released BODIPY moiety permit evaluation of physicochemical properties that govern lysosomal egress or retention, which may have implications for the development of next-generation antibody-drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzie J Scales
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Neelie Zacharias
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Josefa Dela Cruz-Chuh
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Gordy Bullen
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Erick Velasquez
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julie Chang
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Elise Bruguera
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lukasak B, Morihiro K, Deiters A. Aryl Azides as Phosphine-Activated Switches for Small Molecule Function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1470. [PMID: 30728367 PMCID: PMC6365568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered small molecule triggers are important tools for the control and investigation of biological processes, in particular protein function. Staudinger reductions of aryl azides to amines through the use of phosphines can trigger an elimination reaction, and thereby activation of a functional molecule, if an appropriately positioned leaving group is present. We conducted detailed investigations of the effect of aryl azide and phosphine structure on both the mechanism and kinetics of these reaction-induced eliminations and identified phosphine/azide pairs that enable complete activation within minutes under physiologically relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Lukasak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Kunihiko Morihiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Fang Z. A novel glutathione-triggered theranostic prodrug for anticancer and imaging in living cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11419-11423. [PMID: 35542771 PMCID: PMC9079131 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel theranostic prodrug was designed and synthesized by conjugating a naphthalimide derivative with vitamin D2via a disulfide linker. The prodrug featured a highly selective detection process for glutathione (GSH) and showed a red-shifted fluorescence within 30 min. Notably, it also exhibited antitumor activity similar to vitamin D2 and could be monitored by cellular imaging. A novel glutathione-triggered theranostic prodrug was synthesized by conjugating the naphthalimide chromophore and vitamin D2via a disulfide bond.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Verastegui B, Carreón-González M, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Galano A. Estimation of empirically fitted parameters for calculating pK
a values of thiols in a fast and reliable way. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Phosphorogenic sensors for biothiols derived from cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes containing a dinitrophenyl ether moiety. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:412-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
8
|
Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Y, Pan R, Xuan W, Wei Y, Liu K, Zhou J, Wang W. Photo-triggered fluorescent theranostic prodrugs as DNA alkylating agents for mechlorethamine release and spatiotemporal monitoring. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:6742-8. [PMID: 25997534 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new theranostic strategy for selective delivery and spatiotemporal monitoring of mechlorethamine, a DNA alkylating agent. A photo-responsive prodrug is designed and composed of a photolabile o-nitrophenylethyl group, a DNA alkylating mechlorethamine drug and a coumarin fluorophore. Masking of the "N" in mechlorethamine in a positively charged state in the prodrug renders it inactive, non-toxic, selective and non-fluorescent. Indeed, the stable prodrug shows negligible cytotoxicity towards normal cells with and without UV activation and is completely non-fluorescent. However, upon photo-irradiation, the active mechlorethamine is released and induces efficient DNA cross-links, accompanied by a strong fluorescence enhancement (152 fold). Furthermore, DNA cross-linking activity from the release can be transformed into anticancer activity observed in in vitro studies of tumor cells. Importantly, the drug release progress and the movement can be conveniently monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. The mechanistic study proves that the DNA cross-linking activity is mainly due to the release of DNA alkylating mechlorethamine. Altogether, the studies show the power of the theranostic strategy for efficient therapy in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-000, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takemoto H, Miyata K, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Bioresponsive polymer-based nucleic acid carriers. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 88:289-323. [PMID: 25409610 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800148-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid carriers need to possess multifunctionality for overcoming biological barriers, such as the stable encapsulation of nucleic acids in extracellular milieu, internalization by target cells, controlled intracellular distribution, and release of nucleic acids at the target site of action. To fulfill these stepwise functionalities, "bioresponsive" polymers that can alter their structure responding to site-specific biological signals are highly useful. Notably, pH, redox potential, and enzymatic activities vary along with microenvironments in the body, and thus, the responsiveness to these signals enables to construct nucleic acid carriers with programmed functionalities. This chapter describes the design of bioresponsive polymers that respond to various biological microenvironments for smart nucleic acids delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Redy-Keisar O, Ferber S, Satchi-Fainaro R, Shabat D. NIR Fluorogenic Dye as a Modular Platform for Prodrug Assembly: Real-Time in vivo Monitoring of Drug Release. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
12
|
Kumar R, Shin WS, Sunwoo K, Kim WY, Koo S, Bhuniya S, Kim JS. Small conjugate-based theranostic agents: an encouraging approach for cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6670-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the latest developments on small conjugate based theranostic agents for tumor treatment and diagnosis using fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Weon Sup Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Sunwoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Coimbatore
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sensitive detection of acetylcholine based on a novel boronate intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence probe. Anal Biochem 2014; 465:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Liu XL, Du XJ, Dai CG, Song QH. Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Mitochondrial Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9481-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Du
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Guang Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu HZ, Yang YM, Zhang L, Dang ZM, Hu GH. Quantum-Chemical Predictions of pKa’s of Thiols in DMSO. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:606-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410274n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Meng Yang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering (CNRS UMR 7274), CNRS-Université de Lorraine , ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|