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Steppan CG, Simon L, Blackwood C, Emrick T. Sulfobetaine Zwitterions with Embedded Fluorocarbons: Synthesis and Interfacial Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:761-767. [PMID: 38828757 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of a new set of fluorinated sulfobetaine (FSB) zwitterionic polymers in which fluorocarbon moieties are attached directly to the zwitterionic components. An efficient two-step modification to the conventional sulfobetaine methacrylate monomer synthesis gave access to a series of polymer zwitterions containing varying extents of fluorocarbon character. FSB methacrylates proved amenable to homo- and copolymerizations using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) conditions, affording polymers with molecular weights ranging from 5 to 20 kDa and with low molecular weight distributions. Thin films of FSB homopolymers on glass proved stable to aqueous environments and exhibited increasing hydrophobicity with fluorocarbon content, as well as remarkably large water contact angle hysteresis values that enable pinning of water droplets on hydrophobic surfaces, reminiscent of the "petal effect" found in nature. FSB-containing copolymers in aqueous media demonstrated markedly reduced oil-water interfacial tension values, even with moderate (20-50 mol %) FSB incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Steppan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lea Simon
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chantae Blackwood
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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2
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Zhou L, Yang Z, Pagaduan JN, Emrick T. Fluorinated zwitterionic polymers as dynamic surface coatings. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymer zwitterions, when grafted from substrates, impart dynamic properties in response to fluidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhou
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhefei Yang
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - James Nicolas Pagaduan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Koc J, Schönemann E, Wanka R, Aldred N, Clare AS, Gardner H, Swain GW, Hunsucker K, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Effects of crosslink density in zwitterionic hydrogel coatings on their antifouling performance and susceptibility to silt uptake. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:646-659. [PMID: 32718200 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1796983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel coatings effectively reduce the attachment of proteins and organisms in laboratory assays, in particular when made from zwitterionic monomers. In field experiments with multiple species and non-living material, such coatings suffer from adsorption of particulate matter. In this study, the zwitterionic monomer 3-[N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonio] propanesulfonate (SPE) was copolymerized with increasing amounts of the photo-crosslinker benzophenon-4-yloxyethyl methacrylate (BPEMA) to systematically alter the density of crosslinks between the polymer chains. The effect of increasing crosslink density on the antifouling (AF) performance of the coatings was investigated in laboratory assays and fields tests. In both cases, the AF performance was improved by increasing the crosslinker content. The coatings reduced protein, diatom, and barnacle accumulation, and showed better resistance to biomass accumulation. The findings underline that the marine AF performance of hydrogel coatings does not only depend on the specific chemical structure of the polymers, but also on their physico-chemical properties such as rigidity and swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eric Schönemann
- Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion & Biofouling, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion & Biofouling, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Kelli Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion & Biofouling, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Andre Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Clarke JL, Davey PA, Aldred N. Sea anemones (Exaiptasia pallida) use a secreted adhesive and complex pedal disc morphology for surface attachment. BMC ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-020-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The mechanism by which sea anemones attach to surfaces underwater remains elusive, which is surprising given their ubiquitous distribution in the world’s oceans and tractability for experimental biology. Their adhesion is mechanically interesting, bridging the interface between very hard and soft materials. The Cnidaria are thought to have evolved adhesion to surfaces at least 505 Ma ago implying that, among the Metazoa, only Porifera developed this capability earlier. The purpose of this study was primarily to address an existing hypothesis, that spirocysts (a sticky class of cnidocyst) facilitate adhesion to surfaces, as observed during prey capture.
Results
We demonstrated conclusively that spirocysts were not involved in the pedal disc adhesion of Exaiptasia pallida. Second, we applied a variety of imaging methods to develop an understanding of the true adhesion mechanism. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy identified a meshwork of adhesive material, unique to the pedal disc. Serial block-face SEM highlighted four classes of cells that could secrete the adhesive from the pedal disc ectoderm. A variety of histochemical techniques identified proteins, glycans and quinones in the cell contents and secreted adhesive, with variation in contents of specific cell-types in different areas of the body.
Conclusions
Spirocysts are not used by Exaiptasia pallida for adhesion to surfaces. Instead, a structurally and compositionally complex secreted glue was observed, firmly attaching the animals underwater. The results of this study provide a basis for further investigations of adhesion in Cnidaria, and establish E. pallida as a new model organism for bioadhesion research.
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5
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Guazzelli E, Galli G, Martinelli E. The Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Length on the Wettability and Surface Chemistry of PEG-Fluoroalkyl-Modified Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers and Their Two-Layer Films with Elastomer Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1236. [PMID: 32485870 PMCID: PMC7361959 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diblock copolymers composed of a polystyrene first block and a PEG-fluoroalkyl chain-modified polystyrene second block were synthesized by controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), starting from the same polystyrene macroinitiator. The wettability of the polymer film surfaces was investigated by measurements of static and dynamic contact angles. An increase in advancing water contact angle was evident for all the films after immersion in water for short times (10 and 1000 s), consistent with an unusual contraphilic switch of the PEG-fluoroalkyl side chains. Such a contraphilic response also accounted for the retained wettability of the polymer films upon prolonged contact with water, without an anticipated increase in the hydrophilic character. The copolymers were then used as surface-active modifiers of elastomer poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS)-based two-layer films. The elastomeric behavior of the films was varied by using SEBS matrices with different amounts of polystyrene. Whereas the mechanical properties strictly resembled those of the nature of the SEBS matrix, the surface properties were imposed by the additive. The contraphilic switch of the PEG-fluoroalkyl side chains resulted in an exceptionally high enrichment in fluorine of the film surface after immersion in water for seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM, Università di Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.G.)
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6
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Almeataq MS, Alosime EM. Synthesis Based on a Preceramic Polymer and Alumina Nanoparticles via UV Lithography for High Temperature Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13051140. [PMID: 32143408 PMCID: PMC7084998 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increased demand for preceramic polymers in high-tech applications, there has been growing interest in the synthesis of preceramic polymers, including polysiloxanes and alumina. These polymers are preferred because of their low thermal expansion, conformability to surfaces over large areas, and flexibility. The primary objective was to evaluate the aspects of polymer-derived ceramic routs, focusing on the UV lithography process of preceramic polymers and the pyrolyzing properties of the final ceramics. We found that the p(DMS-co-AMS) copolymer was effective in scattering the hydrophilic Al2O3 nanoparticles into the exceedingly hydrophobic solvent. The physico-chemical behavior of characterized copolymers was explored during their pyrolytic transformation into amorphous silicon-based ceramics. The results indicate that an increase of the pyrolysis temperature degraded the Si-O network through the carbothermic reaction of silicon. We also found a rapid elimination of copolymer pores and densification when the temperature increased (1100 to 1200 °C). At different but specific temperature ranges, there are different distinct rearrangement reactions in the conversion of polymer to ceramic; reductions of the melting point (Tm) of the total heat of melting (ΔHm) of the pyrolysis process resulted in the crystallization of ceramic materials; hence, lithography based on pyrolysis properties of preceramic polymers is a critical method in the conversation of polymers.
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7
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Wanka R, Finlay JA, Nolte KA, Koc J, Jakobi V, Anderson C, Clare AS, Gardner H, Hunsucker KZ, Swain GW, Rosenhahn A. Fouling-Release Properties of Dendritic Polyglycerols against Marine Diatoms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34965-34973. [PMID: 30248259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic polyglycerols (PGs) were grafted onto surfaces using a ring-opening polymerization reaction, and the fouling-release properties against marine organisms were determined. The coatings were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, ATR-FTIR, and stability tests in different aqueous media. A high resistance toward the attachment of different proteins was found. The PG coatings with three different thicknesses were tested in a laboratory assay against the diatom Navicula incerta and in a field assay using a rotating disk. Under static conditions, the PG coatings did not inhibit the initial attachment of diatoms, but up to 94% of attached diatoms could be removed from the coatings after exposure to a shear stress of 19 Pa. Fouling release was found to be enhanced if the coatings were sufficiently thick. The excellent fouling-release properties were supported in dynamic field-immersion experiments in which the samples were continually exposed to a shear stress of 0.18 Pa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Kim A Nolte
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Victoria Jakobi
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Charlotte Anderson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control , Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , Florida 32901 , United States
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
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8
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Salunke N, Nallapaneni A, Yuan G, Stafford CM, Niu H, Shawkey MD, Weiss RA, Karim A. Film Confinement Induced "Jump-Percolation" Wetting Transition in Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35349-35359. [PMID: 28925687 PMCID: PMC11240273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a first-order like sharp surface wettability transition with varying film thickness dependent morphology in cast films of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer. Films composed of poly(2-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido) ethyl methyl acrylate), poly(FOSM), and poly(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide), poly(DMA), with thickness (h) in the transition-range, 200 < h < 300 nm, exhibited an abrupt hydrophobic to hydrophilic dynamic water contact angle transition. After an induction time, ti ≈ 40 to 180 s, water contact angle varied as θc ≈ 116° to 40° with an ultrafast contact angle decay time constant, [Formula: see text] ≈ -18°/s. This behavior is a result of competing heterogeneous and antagonistic effects of bumpy poly(DMA) wetting domains against a nonwetting planar poly(FOSM) background, with a "jump percolation" wetting transition when the poly(DMA) domain density reaches unity. Outside of this film thickness range, relatively shallow decreasing water contact angle gradients were observed with a monotonically increasing poly(DMA) domain area coverage with increasing film thickness in the overall range of 40 nm (hydrophobic, θc ≈ 118°) < h < 500 nm (hydrophilic, θc ≈ 8°). The optical diffuse reflectance properties of these rough surfaces exhibit an onset of diffuse reflectance maxima correlated to the transition morphology film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Salunke
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Asritha Nallapaneni
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Guangcui Yuan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | | | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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9
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Galli G, Martinelli E. Amphiphilic Polymer Platforms: Surface Engineering of Films for Marine Antibiofouling. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM; Università di Pisa; 56124 Pisa Italy
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10
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Zigmond JS, Letteri RA, Wooley KL. Amphiphilic Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Fluoropolymer-Poly(ethylene glycol) Coatings for Application in Challenging Conditions: Comparative Study between Different Liquid Crystalline Comonomers and Polymer Architectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33386-33393. [PMID: 27960419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear and hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)-cross-linked amphiphilic fluoropolymer networks comprised of different liquid crystalline comonomers were developed and evaluated as functional coatings in extreme weather-challenging conditions. Through variation of the liquid-crystalline comonomer and hydrophilic:hydrophobic component ratios, several series of coatings were synthesized and underwent a variety of analyses including differential scanning calorimetry, water contact angle measurements and solution stability studies in aqueous media. These materials maintained an unprecedented reduction in the free water melting transition (Tm) temperature across the hyperbranched and linear versions. The coatings synthesized from hyperbranched fluoropolymers preserved the liquid crystalline character of the mesogenic components, as seen by polarized optical microscopy, and demonstrated stability in saltwater aqueous environments and in cold weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Zigmond
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Rachel A Letteri
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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11
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Martinelli E, Gunes D, Wenning BM, Ober CK, Finlay JA, Callow ME, Callow JA, Di Fino A, Clare AS, Galli G. Effects of surface-active block copolymers with oxyethylene and fluoroalkyl side chains on the antifouling performance of silicone-based films. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:81-93. [PMID: 26769148 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1131822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers made from a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (Si) and a poly(meth)acrylate carrying oxyethylene (EG) or fluoroalkyl (AF) side chains were synthesized and incorporated as surface-active components into a silicone matrix to produce cross-linked films with different surface hydrophilicity/phobicity. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies showed that film surfaces containing Si-EG were largely populated by the siloxane, with the oxyethylene chains present only to a minor extent. In contrast, the fluorinated block was selectively segregated to the polymer-air interface in films containing Si-AF as probed by NEXAFS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Such differences in surface composition were reflected in the biological performance of the coatings. While the films with Si-EG showed a higher removal of both Ulva linza sporelings and Balanus amphitrite juveniles than the silicone control, those with Si-AF exhibited excellent antifouling properties, preventing the settlement of cyprids of B. amphitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martinelli
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Deniz Gunes
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Brandon M Wenning
- b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA
| | - Christopher K Ober
- b Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca, New York , USA
| | - John A Finlay
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Maureen E Callow
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - James A Callow
- c School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Alessio Di Fino
- d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- d School of Marine Science and Technology , Newcastle University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and UdR Pisa INSTM , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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12
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Kepola EJ, Loizou E, Patrickios CS, Leontidis E, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T, Schweins R, Gradzielski M, Krumm C, Tiller JC, Kushnir M, Wesdemiotis C. Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks Based on End-Linked "Core-First" Star Block Copolymers: Structure Formation with Long-Range Order. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1163-1168. [PMID: 35614799 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer conetworks are cross-linked polymers that swell both in water and in organic solvents and can phase separate on the nanoscale in the bulk or in selective solvents. To date, however, this phase separation has only been reported with short-range order, characterized by disordered morphologies. We now report the first example of amphiphilic polymer conetworks, based on end-linked "core-first" star block copolymers, that form a lamellar phase with long-range order. These mesoscopically ordered systems can be produced in a simple fashion and exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Schweins
- Large Scale
Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, Grenoble F-38042 Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für
Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Krumm
- Department
of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Department
of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michelle Kushnir
- Department
of Chemistry and Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department
of Chemistry and Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
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13
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Zigmond JS, Pollack KA, Smedley S, Raymond JE, Link LA, Pavía-Sanders A, Hickner MA, Wooley KL. Investigation of intricate, amphiphilic crosslinked hyperbranched fluoropolymers as anti-icing coatings for extreme environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Zigmond
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
| | - Kevin A. Pollack
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
| | - Sarah Smedley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jeffery E. Raymond
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
| | - Lauren A. Link
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
| | - Adriana Pavía-Sanders
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
| | - Michael A. Hickner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77842
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14
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Maleschlijski S, Bauer S, Aldred N, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Classification of the pre-settlement behaviour of barnacle cyprids. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20141104. [PMID: 25551141 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Barnacle cyprids exhibit a complex swimming and exploratory behaviour on surfaces and settlement is a consequence of extensive surface probing and selection of suitable settlement sites. In this work, the behaviour of cyprids in their pre-settlement phase was studied by three-dimensional video stereoscopy. With this technique, three-dimensional trajectories were obtained that were quantitatively analysed. The velocity during vertical sinking of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used with a modified form of Stokes' law to calculate their mean body density. Furthermore, a classification of the swimming patterns allowed the extension of existing models describing cyprid locomotion and swimming behaviour. The patterns were characterized with respect to their occurrence, transition between patterns and their velocity distribution, and motions were identified that led to surface contacts. This analysis provides a classification framework, which can assist future attempts to identify behavioural responses of cyprids to specific settlement cues.
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15
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Self-assembled micelle and film surface of fluorine/silicon-containing triblock copolymer. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Zhang D, Liu J, Liu T, Yang X. Synthesis of superhydrophobic fluorinated polystyrene microspheres via distillation precipitation polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Qiu M, Zhao XZ, Liu DP, He CJ. pH sensitive amphiphilic conetworks based on end-group cross-linking of polydimethylsiloxane pentablock copolymer and polymethylhydrosiloxane. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13866j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pH-responsive amphiphilic conetworks were synthesized through cross-linking of well-defined amphiphilic pentablock copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xin-Zheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Da-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ju He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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18
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Song J, Ye Q, Lee WT, Wang X, He T, Shah KW, Xu J. Perfluoropolyether/poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymers with controllable self-assembly behaviour for highly efficient anti-bacterial materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08138f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of perfluoropolyether/poly(ethylene glycol) (PFPE/PEG) triblock copolymers PEG/PFPE/PEG (P1–P3) and PFPE/PEG/PFPE (P4–P5) were prepared via thiol–ene click reaction in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Qun Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Wang Ting Lee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Kwok Wei Shah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)
- Singapore 117602
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
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19
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Abstract
The recent research progress in biological and biomedical applications of hyperbranched polymers has been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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20
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Pollack KA, Imbesi PM, Raymond JE, Wooley KL. Hyperbranched fluoropolymer-polydimethylsiloxane-poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linked terpolymer networks designed for marine and biomedical applications: heterogeneous nontoxic antibiofouling surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19265-19274. [PMID: 25329934 DOI: 10.1021/am505296n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of terpolymer coatings composed of hyperbranched fluoropolymers cross-linked with bisamino-propyl poly(ethylene glycol) and bisamino-propyl polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was performed to generate antibiofouling surfaces. Nanoscale imaging and surface spectroscopy confirmed that this system possessed complex surface topographies and chemical compositions. Surface complexity was determined to be due to molecular interactions, phase segregation, and compositional gradients arising between the three components. A clear difference in surface behavior was observable before and after exposure to water. Antibiofouling characteristics were investigated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption studies; the terpolymer coating displayed a 60% greater resistance to protein adsorption in comparison to the fouling of a commercial antibiofouling silicone coating. The unique surface topography, topology, and chemical heterogeneity expressed at a variety of scales provide a robust regime for the generation of hardy, complex surfaces known to incorporate characteristics appropriate for antibiofouling applications. Thorough assessment of thermal responses and mechanical properties in relevant environments demonstrated a formulation platform immediately appropriate for consideration in marine and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Pollack
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and ‡Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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21
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Maleschlijski S, Bauer S, Di Fino A, Sendra GH, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Barnacle cyprid motility and distribution in the water column as an indicator of the settlement-inhibiting potential of nontoxic antifouling chemistries. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:1055-1065. [PMID: 25334041 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.966097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Testing of new coatings to control fouling frequently involves single-species laboratory bioassays. Barnacle cyprids are among the most widely used model organisms in marine biofouling research, and surfaces that inhibit their settlement are considered to be promising candidates for new coating concepts. An analysis of motility parameters (mean velocity and swimming area coefficient) and distribution of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite in different swimming regions in the vicinity of model surfaces (self-assembled monolayers) is presented. The data are correlated with the settlement preferences of cyprids on these surfaces. Cyprids were predominantly found in interfacial regions and the transition frequencies between swimming regions of different depths were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stojan Maleschlijski
- a Institute of Functional Interfaces , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , Germany
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22
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23
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van Zoelen W, Buss HG, Ellebracht NC, Lynd NA, Fischer DA, Finlay J, Hill S, Callow ME, Callow JA, Kramer EJ, Zuckermann RN, Segalman RA. Sequence of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues in Amphiphilic Polymer Coatings Affects Surface Structure and Marine Antifouling/Fouling Release Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:364-368. [PMID: 35590747 DOI: 10.1021/mz500090n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymers, specifically combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, have been shown to be effective as antifouling materials against the algae Ulva linza and Navicula diatoms. Here we use the inherent sequence specificity of polypeptoids made by solid-phase synthesis to show that the sequence of hydrophilic (methoxy) and hydrophobic (fluorinated) moieties affects both antifouling and fouling release of U. linza. The platform used to test these sequences was a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (PS-b-P(EO-co-AGE)) scaffold, where the polypeptoids are attached to the scaffold using thiol-ene click chemistry. The fluorinated moiety is very surface active and directs the surface composition of the polymer thin film. The position and number of fluorinated groups in the polypeptoid are shown to affect both the surface composition and antifouling properties of the film. Specifically, the position of the fluorinated units in the peptoid chain changes the surface chemistry and the antifouling behavior, while the number of fluorinated residues affects the fouling-release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy van Zoelen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hilda G. Buss
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathan C. Ellebracht
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Daniel A. Fischer
- Materials
Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John Finlay
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Sophie Hill
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Maureen E. Callow
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - James A. Callow
- School
of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | | | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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24
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Sun H, Kabb CP, Sumerlin BS. Thermally-labile segmented hyperbranched copolymers: using reversible-covalent chemistry to investigate the mechanism of self-condensing vinyl copolymerization. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermally-reversible inimer was used to confirm the controlled growth of individual branches during self-condensing vinyl atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Christopher P. Kabb
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
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25
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Hawkins ML, Rufin MA, Raymond JE, Grunlan MA. Direct observation of the nanocomplex surface reorganization of antifouling silicones containing a highly mobile PEO-silane amphiphile. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5689-5697. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The water-driven, dynamic nanoscale reorganization of PEO-silane amphiphiles within a silicone matrix was directly observed via atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Hawkins
- Texas A&M University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College Station, USA
| | - Marc A. Rufin
- Texas A&M University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College Station, USA
| | - Jeffery E. Raymond
- Texas A&M University
- Department of Chemistry
- Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions
- College Station, USA
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Texas A&M University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College Station, USA
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26
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Aldred N, Høeg JT, Maruzzo D, Clare AS. Analysis of the behaviours mediating barnacle cyprid reversible adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68085. [PMID: 23874504 PMCID: PMC3708932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When exploring immersed surfaces the cypris larvae of barnacles employ a tenacious and rapidly reversible adhesion mechanism to facilitate their characteristic ‘walking’ behaviour. Although of direct relevance to the fields of marine biofouling and bio-inspired adhesive development, the mechanism of temporary adhesion in cyprids remains poorly understood. Cyprids secrete deposits of a proteinaceous substance during surface attachment and these are often visible as ‘footprints’ on previously explored surfaces. The attachment structures, the antennular discs, of cyprids also present a complex morphology reminiscent of both the hairy appendages used by some terrestrial invertebrates for temporary adhesion and a classic ‘suction cup’. Despite the numerous analytical approaches so-far employed, it has not been possible to resolve conclusively the respective contributions of viscoelastic adhesion via the proteinaceous ‘temporary adhesive’, ‘dry’ adhesion via the cuticular villi present on the disc and the behavioural contribution by the organism. In this study, high-speed photography was used for the first time to capture the behaviour of cyprids at the instant of temporary attachment and detachment. Attachment is facilitated by a constantly sticky disc surface – presumably due to the presence of the proteinaceous temporary adhesive. The tenacity of the resulting bond, however, is mediated behaviourally. For weak attachment the disc is constantly moved on the surface, whereas for a strong attachment the disc is spread out on the surface. Voluntary detachment is by force, requiring twisting or peeling of the bond – seemingly without any more subtle detachment behaviours. Micro-bubbles were observed at the adhesive interface as the cyprid detached, possibly an adaptation for energy dissipation. These observations will allow future work to focus more specifically on the cyprid temporary adhesive proteins, which appear to be fundamental to adhesion, inherently sticky and exquisitely adapted for reversible adhesion underwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Aldred
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jens T. Høeg
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diego Maruzzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anthony S. Clare
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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