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Putra MH, Seidenath S, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Groß A. Coupling of photoactive transition metal complexes to a functional polymer matrix*. Chemistry 2021; 27:17104-17114. [PMID: 34761834 PMCID: PMC9299502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conductive polymers represent a promising alternative to semiconducting oxide electrodes typically used in dye-sensitized cathodes as they more easily allow a tuning of the physicochemical properties. This can then also be very beneficial for using them in light-driven catalysis. In this computational study, we address the coupling of Ru-based photosensitizers to a polymer matrix by combining two different first-principles electronic structure approaches. We use a periodic density functional theory code to properly account for the delocalized nature of the electronic states in the polymer. These ground state investigations are complemented by time-dependent density functional theory simulations to assess the Franck-Condon photophysics of the present photoactive hybrid material based on a molecular model system. Our results are consistent with recent experimental observations and allow to elucidate the light-driven redox chemical processes - eventually leading to charge separation - in the present functional hybrid systems with potential application as photocathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Seidenath
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Anantha-Iyengar G, Shanmugasundaram K, Nallal M, Lee KP, Whitcombe MJ, Lakshmi D, Sai-Anand G. Functionalized conjugated polymers for sensing and molecular imprinting applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Roldao JC, Batagin-Neto A, Lavarda FC, Sato F. Effects of Mechanical Stretching on the Properties of Conjugated Polymers: Case Study for MEH-PPV and P3HT Oligomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Roldao
- PGF - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física; UFJF - Univ Federal de Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus Experimental de Itapeva; Itapeva, SP Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Sato
- DF, UFJF - Univ Federal de Juiz de Fora; Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/N - Martelos, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais Brazil
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Gallafluorene-Containing Conjugated Polymers: Control of Emission Colors and Electronic Effects of Gallafluorene Units on π-Conjugation System. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Chuang CN, Chang CY, Chang CL, Wang YX, Lin YS, Leung MK. Poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-co-triphenylamine)s – A family of photo-curable hole-transport polymers for polymer light-emitting diodes applications. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu CS, Su HC, Chen Y. Synthesis and chemosensory application of water-soluble polyfluorenes containing carboxylated groups. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5682-90. [PMID: 24965116 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions is a major issue for environmental protection. Conjugated polyelectrolytes showing high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of metal ions are highly desirable. We report a water-soluble polyfluorene containing carboxylated groups (P1), poly[9,9'-bis(3''-propanoate)fluoren-2,7-yl] sodium salt, which shows high recognition capability toward Cu(+) and Cu(2+). P1 was prepared via the hydrolysis of poly[9,9'-bis(tert-butyl-3''-propanoate)fluoren-2,7-yl] (P0) which was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of P1 in aqueous solution are significantly quenched in the presence of Cu(+) and Cu(2+). P1 shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu(+) and Cu(2+), with the Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv) being 3.5 × 10(6) and 5.78 × 10(6) M(-1), respectively. Moreover, the stoichiometric ratio of the P1 repeat unit to Cu(+) or Cu(2+) is 2 : 1 obtained from Job's plot. P1 maintains high selectivity towards Cu(+) or Cu(2+) in the presence of various metal cations. Our results demonstrate that P1 shows very high sensitivity and selectivity in recognizing Cu(+) and Cu(2+), indicating that it is a promising functional material for chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Wu CS, Fang SW, Chen Y. Solution-processable hole-transporting material containing fluorenyl core and triple-carbazolyl terminals: synthesis and application to enhancement of electroluminescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:15121-7. [PMID: 23925249 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel solution-processable, efficient hole-transporting material 2,4,7-tri[2-(9-hexylcarbazole)ethenyl]-9,9-dihexylfluorene (FC), composed of a fluorenyl core and triple-carbazolyl terminals, is successfully synthesized and well characterized. The FC is a thermally stable, amorphous material because of its aromatic and asymmetric structure. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of FC is -5.21 eV, as determined by cyclic voltammetry, implying its applicability as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) to promote hole injection. Furthermore, the FC could be deposited by a spin-coating process to obtain a homogeneous HTL film, more convenient and cost-effective than conventional NPB which must be deposited by vacuum vapor deposition. When fabricated as multi-layer OLED [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/HTL(25 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al(100 nm)], the maximum brightness (21,400 cd m(-2)) and current efficiency (3.20 cd A(-1)) based on the FC are superior to those using conventional NPB as the hole-transporting layer. In addition, a homogeneous FC film is readily prepared by simple wet processes (spin-coating). Our results indicate that the FC is a promising optoelectronic material which is readily processed by wet methods such as spin-coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Wu CS, Wu YS, Chen Y. Water-soluble 1,2,4-triazole with diethylene glycol monoethyl ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application as an electron injection layer for PLEDs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8927-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00306c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel electron injection material 3OTAZ composed of an aromatic 1,2,4-triazolyl core with three diethylene glycol ether groups enhances electroluminescence of HY-PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan, Taiwan
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Li JJ, Wang JJ, Zhou YN, Luo ZH. Synthesis and characterization of polyfluorene-based photoelectric materials: the effect of coil segment on the spectral stability. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectral stability of polyfluorene-based copolymers could be improved through incorporating an appropriate coil segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
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Wu CS, Lu HA, Chen CP, Guo TF, Chen Y. Water/alcohol soluble electron injection material containing azacrown ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application to enhancement of electroluminescence. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1430-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wu CS, Lin YJ, Chen Y. A fluorene-based material containing triple azacrown ether groups: synthesis, characterization and application in chemosensors and electroluminescent devices. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1419-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu CS, Chen CP, Chen Y. Copoly(p
-phenylene) containing azacrown ether: Synthesis, optical properties, and application for chemical sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Pei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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Wu CS, Wu JW, Chen Y. Bipolar material with spiro-fluorenyl terminals: synthesis, characterization and application for enhancement of electrophosphorescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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