1
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Gonnot C, Scalabrini M, Roubinet B, Ziane C, Boeda F, Deniaud D, Landemarre L, Gouin SG, Fontaine L, Montembault V. ROMP-based Glycopolymers with High Affinity for Mannose-Binding Lectins. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3689-3699. [PMID: 37471408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined, highly reactive poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s of controlled length (number-average degree of polymerization D P n ¯ = 10 to 1,000) were made by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of pure exo-norbornenyl azlactone. These were converted into glycopolymers using a facile postpolymerization modification (PPM) strategy based on click aminolysis of azlactone side groups by amino-functionalized glycosides. Pegylated mannoside, heptyl-mannoside, and pegylated glucoside were used in the PPM. Binding inhibition of the resulting glycopolymers was evaluated against a lectin panel (Bc2L-A, FimH, langerin, DC-SIGN, ConA). Inhibition profiles depended on the sugars and the degrees of polymerization. Glycopolymers from pegylated-mannoside-functionalized polynorbornene, with D P n ¯ = 100, showed strong binding inhibition, with subnanomolar range inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Polymers surpassed the inhibitory potential of their monovalent analogues by four to five orders of magnitude thanks to a multivalent (synergistic) effect. Sugar-functionalized poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s are therefore promising tools to study multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions and for applications against lectin-promoted bacterial/viral binding to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Gonnot
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | | | | | - Célia Ziane
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabien Boeda
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - David Deniaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
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2
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François F, Nicolas C, Forcher G, Fontaine L, Montembault V. Poly(norbornenyl azlactone) as a versatile platform for sequential double click postpolymerization modification. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Laezza A, Georgiou PG, Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Gibson MI. Protecting Group Free Synthesis of Glyconanoparticles Using Amino-Oxy-Terminated Polymer Ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2392-2403. [PMID: 32951418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycomaterials display enhanced binding affinity to carbohydrate-binding proteins due to the nonlinear enhancement associated with the cluster glycoside effect. Gold nanoparticles bearing glycans have attracted significant interest in particular. This is due to their versatility, their highly tunable gold cores (size and shape), and their application in biosensors and diagnostic tools. However, conjugating glycans onto these materials can be challenging, necessitating either multiple protecting group manipulations or the use of only simple glycans. This results in limited structural diversity compared to glycoarrays which can include hundreds of glycans. Here we report a method to generate glyconanoparticles from unprotected glycans by conjugation to polymer tethers bearing terminal amino-oxy groups, which are then immobilized onto gold nanoparticles. Using an isotope-labeled glycan, the efficiency of this reaction was probed in detail to confirm conjugation, with 25% of end-groups being functionalized, predominantly in the ring-closed form. Facile post-glycosylation purification is achieved by simple centrifugation/washing cycles to remove excess glycan and polymer. This streamlined synthetic approach may be particularly useful for the preparation of glyconanoparticle libraries using automation, to identify hits to be taken forward using more conventional synthetic methods. Exemplar lectin-binding studies were undertaken to confirm the availability of the glycans for binding and show this is a powerful tool for rapid assessment of multivalent glycan binding.
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4
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Fitzgerald ER, Mineo AM, Pryor ML, Buck ME. Photomediated post-fabrication modification of azlactone-functionalized gels for the development of hydrogel actuators. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6044-6049. [PMID: 32638814 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for the photomediated post-fabrication modification of reactive, azlactone-containing gels using light-initiated deprotection of amines caged with 2-(nitrophenyl)propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC). Photomediated modification of these gels can be used to generate a gradient in chemical functionality. When functionalized with tertiary amine groups, these gradient gels exhibit rapid and reversible shape deformations in response to changes in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Autumn M Mineo
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Mae L Pryor
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
| | - Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
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5
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Leiske MN, Mahmoud AM, Warne NM, Goos JACM, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Kempe K. Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) – a structural analogue to poly(vinyl azlactone) with Orthogonal Reactivity. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modular copolymer platform based on two oxazole derivatives is presented. Post-polymerisation modifications revealed the potential to selectively modify the individual side groups, providing access to functional copolymer libraries in the future.
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6
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Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Laezza A, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Tuning aggregative versus non-aggregative lectin binding with glycosylated nanoparticles by the nature of the polymer ligand". J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:136-145. [PMID: 31778137 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions drive a diverse range of biological signaling and recognition processes. The display of glycans in multivalent format enables their intrinsically weak binding affinity to lectins to be overcome by the cluster glycoside effect, which results in a non-linear increase in binding affinity. As many lectins have multiple binding sites, upon interaction with glycosylated nanomaterials either aggregation or surface binding without aggregation can occur. Depending on the application area, either one of these responses are desirable (or undesirable) but methods to tune the aggregation state, independently from the overall extent/affinity of binding are currently missing. Herein, we use gold nanoparticles decorated with galactose-terminated polymer ligands, obtained by photo-initiated RAFT polymerization to ensure high end-group fidelity, to show the dramatic impact on agglutination behaviour due to the chemistry of the polymer linker. Poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA)-coated gold nanoparticles, a polymer widely used as a non-ionic stabilizer, showed preference for aggregation with lectins compared to poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA)-coated nanoparticles which retained colloidal stability, across a wide range of polymer lengths and particle core sizes. Using biolayer interferometry, it was observed that both coatings gave rise to similar binding affinity and hence provided conclusive evidence that aggregation rate alone cannot be used to measure affinity between nanoparticle systems with different stabilizing linkers. This is significant, as turbidimetry is widely used to demonstrate glycomaterial activity, although this work shows the most aggregating may not be the most avid, when comparing different polymer backbones/coating. Overall, our findings underline the potential of PHPMA as the coating of choice for applications where aggregation upon lectin binding would be problematic, such as in vivo imaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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7
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Grace JL, Amado M, Reid JC, Elliott AG, Landersdorfer CB, Truong NP, Kempe K, Cooper MA, Davis TP, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L, Velkov T, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR. An optimised Cu(0)-RDRP approach for the synthesis of lipidated oligomeric vinyl azlactone: toward a versatile antimicrobial materials screening platform. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6796-6809. [PMID: 31603181 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This report details the synthesis of lipidated 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDM) oligomers via an optimised Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation approach, and the use of these oligomers as a versatile functional platform for the rapid generation of antimicrobial materials. The relative amounts of CuBr2 and Me6TREN were optimised to allow the fast and controlled polymerisation of VDM. These conditions were then used with the initiators ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, dodecyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, and (R)-3-((2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl didodecanoate to synthesise a library of oligo(VDM) (degree of polymerisation = 10) with ethyl, dodecyl or diglyceride end-groups. Subsequently, ring-opening of the pendant oxazolone group with various amines (i.e., 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-di-Boc-guanidine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, N-Boc-ethylenediamine, or N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) expanded the library to give 12 functional oligomers incorporating different cationic and lipid elements. The antimicrobial activities of these oligomers were assessed against a palette of bacteria and fungi: i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The oligomers generally exhibited the greatest activity against the fungus, C. neoformans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg mL-1 (comparable to the clinically approved antifungal fluconazole). To assess haemocompatibility, the oligomers were assayed against erythrocytes, with the primary amine or guanidine containing C12 and 2C12 oligomers exhibiting greater lysis against the red blood cells (HC10 values between 7.1 and 43 μg mL-1) than their imidazole and tertiary amine counterparts (HC10 of >217 μg mL-1). Oligomers showed the greatest selectivity for C. neoformans, with the C12- and 2C12-tertiary amine and C12-imidazole oligomers possessing the greatest selectivity of >54-109. These results demonstrate the utility of reactive oligomers for rapidly assessing structure-property relationships for antibacterial and antifungal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Grace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Janet C Reid
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nghia P Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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8
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Kim JS, Sirois AR, Cegla AJV, Jumai’an E, Murata N, Buck ME, Moore SJ. Protein-Polymer Conjugates Synthesized Using Water-Soluble Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers Enable Receptor-Specific Cellular Uptake toward Targeted Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1220-1231. [PMID: 30920802 PMCID: PMC6608588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of proteins to drug-loaded polymeric structures is an attractive strategy for facilitating target-specific drug delivery for a variety of clinical needs. Polymers currently available for conjugation to proteins generally have limited chemical versatility for subsequent drug loading. Many polymers that do have chemical functionality useful for drug loading are often insoluble in water, making it difficult to synthesize functional protein-polymer conjugates for targeted drug delivery. In this work, we demonstrate that reactive, azlactone-functionalized polymers can be grafted to proteins, conjugated to a small-molecule fluorophore, and subsequently internalized into cells in a receptor-specific manner. Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone), synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, was modified post-polymerization with substoichiometric equivalents of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether to yield reactive water-soluble, azlactone-functionalized copolymers. These reactive polymers were then conjugated to proteins holo-transferrin and ovotransferrin. Protein gel analysis verified successful conjugation of proteins to polymer, and protein-polymer conjugates were subsequently purified from unreacted proteins and polymers using size exclusion chromatography. Internalization experiments using a breast cancer cell line that overexpresses the transferrin receptor on its surface showed that the holo-transferrin-polymer conjugate was successfully internalized by cells in a mechanism consistent with receptor-mediated endocytosis. Internalization of protein-polymer conjugate demonstrated that the protein ligand maintained its overall structure and function following conjugation to polymer. Our approach to protein-polymer conjugate synthesis offers a simple, tailorable strategy for preparing bioconjugates of interest for a broad range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Kim
- Biochemistry Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Allison R. Sirois
- Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | - Eugenie Jumai’an
- Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Naomi Murata
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Maren E. Buck
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
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9
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Ho HT, Bénard A, Forcher G, Le Bohec M, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L. Azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers with orthogonal clickable groups: efficient tools for bioconjugation with complete atom economy. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7124-7128. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01807c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New azlactone-based heterobifunctional linkers that proceed in orthogonal click-like reactions for chemical ligations in biologically relevant medium without releasing any byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien The Ho
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Alexandre Bénard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Gwenaël Forcher
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Maël Le Bohec
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM) UMR 6283 CNRS – Le Mans Université
- 72085 Le Mans cedex 9
- France
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10
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Choi JW, Carter MCD, Wei W, Kanimozi C, Speetjens FW, Mahanthappa MK, Lynn DM, Gopalan P. Self-Assembly and Post-Fabrication Functionalization of Microphase Separated Thin Films of a Reactive Azlactone-Containing Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W. Choi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 1509 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew C. D. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 1509 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Catherine Kanimozi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 1509 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Frank W. Speetjens
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, 1509 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, 1101 University
Avenue, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Zayas-Gonzalez YM, Lynn DM. Degradable Amine-Reactive Coatings Fabricated by the Covalent Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) with Degradable Polyamine Building Blocks. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3067-75. [PMID: 27525718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of reactive and degradable cross-linked polymer multilayers by the reactive/covalent layer-by-layer assembly of a non-degradable azlactone-functionalized polymer [poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone), PVDMA] with hydrolytically or enzymatically degradable polyamine building blocks. Fabrication of multilayers using PVDMA and a hydrolytically degradable poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) containing primary amine side chains yielded multilayers (∼100 nm thick) that degraded over ∼12 days in physiologically relevant media. Physicochemical characterization and studies on stable films fabricated using PVDMA and an analogous non-degradable poly(amidoamine) suggested that erosion occurred by chemical hydrolysis of backbone esters in the PBAE components of these assemblies. These degradable assemblies also contained residual amine-reactive azlactone functionality that could be used to impart new functionality to the coatings post-fabrication. Cross-linked multilayers fabricated using PVDMA and the enzymatically degradable polymer poly(l-lysine) were structurally stable for prolonged periods in physiological media, but degraded over ∼24 h when the enzyme trypsin was added. Past studies demonstrate that multilayers fabricated using PVDMA and non-degradable polyamines [e.g., poly(ethylenimine)] enable the design and patterning of useful nano/biointerfaces and other materials that are structurally stable in physiological media. The introduction of degradable functionality into PVDMA-based multilayers creates opportunities to exploit the reactivity of azlactone groups for the design of reactive materials and functional coatings that degrade or erode in environments that are relevant in biomedical, biotechnological, and environmental contexts. This "degradable building block" strategy should be general; we anticipate that this approach can also be extended to the design of amine-reactive multilayers that degrade upon exposure to specific chemical triggers, selective enzymes, or contact with cells by judicious design of the degradable polyamine building blocks used to fabricate the coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashira M Zayas-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States , and
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States , and.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Carter MCD, Jennings J, Appadoo V, Lynn DM. Synthesis and Characterization of Backbone Degradable Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. D. Carter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James Jennings
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Visham Appadoo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Otten L, Vlachou D, Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Glycan heterogeneity on gold nanoparticles increases lectin discrimination capacity in label-free multiplexed bioassays. Analyst 2016; 141:4305-12. [PMID: 27181289 PMCID: PMC4934645 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new analytical tools as point-of-care biosensors is crucial to combat the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the context of drug-resistant organisms, or to detect biological warfare agents. Glycan/lectin interactions drive a wide range of recognition and signal transduction processes within nature and are often the first site of adhesion/recognition during infection making them appealing targets for biosensors. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles have been developed that change colour from red to blue upon interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins and may find use as biosensors, but are limited by the inherent promiscuity of some of these interactions. Here we mimic the natural heterogeneity of cell-surface glycans by displaying mixed monolayers of glycans on the surface of gold nanoparticles. These are then used in a multiplexed, label-free bioassay to create 'barcodes' which describe the lectin based on its binding profile. The increased information content encoded by using complex mixtures of a few sugars, rather than increased numbers of different sugars makes this approach both scalable and accessible. These nanoparticles show increased lectin identification power at a range of lectin concentrations, relative to single-channel sensors. It was also found that some information about the concentration of the lectins can be extracted, all from just a simple colour change, taking this technology closer to being a realistic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Denise Vlachou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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14
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Richards SJ, Otten L, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticle libraries for label-free multiplexed lectin biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3046-3053. [PMID: 27162639 PMCID: PMC4859411 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycan/lectin interactions drive a wide range of recognition and signal transduction processes within nature. However, their measurement is complicated or limited by the analytical tools available. Most technologies require fluorescently labelled proteins (e.g. microarrays) or expensive infrastructure (such as surface plasmon resonance). This also limits their application in biosensing, especially for low-resource settings, where detection of pathogens based on glycan binding could speed up diagnosis. Here we employ a library-oriented approach to immobilise a range of monosaccharides onto polymer-stabilised gold nanoparticles to enable rapid and high-throughput evaluation of their binding specificities with a panel of lectins. The red to blue colour shift upon gold nanoparticle aggregation is used as the output, removing the need for labelled protein, enabling compatibility with 96-well microplates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a flatbed scanner (or digital camera) to extract biophysical data, ensuring that only minimal resources are required. Finally, linear discriminant analysis is employed to demonstrate how the glyconanoparticles can be applied as a multiplexed biosensor capable of identifying pathogenic lectins without the need for any infrastructure and overcoming some of the issues of lectin promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
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15
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Synthesis and post-polymerization modification of polynorbornene bearing dibromomaleimide side groups. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Schmitt SK, Xie AW, Ghassemi RM, Trebatoski DJ, Murphy WL, Gopalan P. Polyethylene Glycol Coatings on Plastic Substrates for Chemically Defined Stem Cell Culture. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1555-64. [PMID: 25995154 PMCID: PMC5172397 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a widely available and clinically relevant cell type with a host of applications in regenerative medicine. Current clinical expansion methods can lead to selective changes in hMSC phenotype potentially resulting from relatively undefined cell culture surfaces. Chemically defined synthetic surfaces can aid in understanding the influence of cell-material interactions on stem cell behavior. Here, a thin copolymer coating for hMSC culture on plastic substrates is developed. The random copolymer is synthesized by living free radical polymerization and characterized in solution before application to the substrate, ensuring a homogeneous coating and limiting the sample-to-sample variations. The ability to coat multiple substrate types and cover large surface areas is reported. Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides are incorporated into the coating under aqueous conditions via their lysine or cysteine side chains, resulting in amide and thioester linkages, respectively. Stability studies show amide linkages to be stable and thioester linkages to be labile under standard serum-containing culture conditions. In addition, chemically defined passaging of hMSCs using only ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on polystyrene dishes is shown. After passage, the hMSCs can be seeded back onto the same plate, indicating potential reusability of the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Angela W Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Raha M Ghassemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David J Trebatoski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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17
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Neri G, Scala A, Barreca F, Fazio E, Mineo PG, Mazzaglia A, Grassi G, Piperno A. Engineering of carbon based nanomaterials by ring-opening reactions of a reactive azlactone graphene platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4846-9. [PMID: 25695678 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reactive azlactone-based graphene nanoplatform was successfully synthesized by the ligation of azido-azlactone with alkyne-terminated graphene via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition. The reactive azlactone rings, grafted on graphene sheets, were subjected to highly efficient ring-opening reactions with functionalized primary amine derivatives incorporating an aminosilane coupling agent or a biological fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Neri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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18
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19
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Anastasaki A, Haddleton AJ, Zhang Q, Simula A, Droesbeke M, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Aqueous Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerisation ofN-Acryloylmorpholine, SET-LRP in Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:965-70. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Alexandre Simula
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | | | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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20
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Jones MW, Otten L, Richards SJ, Lowery R, Phillips DJ, Haddleton DM, Gibson MI. Glycopolymers with secondary binding motifs mimic glycan branching and display bacterial lectin selectivity in addition to affinity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52982g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer architecture is exploited as an alternative to glycan synthesis to enhance selectivity towards pathogenic lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - L. Otten
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - S.-J. Richards
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - R. Lowery
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | - D. J. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
| | | | - M. I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry, UK
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21
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Lu C, Zhao D, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Ma J, Wu G. Synthesis and characterization of zwitterionic peptides derived from natural amino acids and their resistance to protein adsorption. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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22
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Li Y, Duong HT, Jones MW, Basuki JS, Hu J, Boyer C, Davis TP. Selective Postmodification of Copolymer Backbones Bearing Different Activated Esters with Disparate Reactivities. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:912-917. [PMID: 35607013 DOI: 10.1021/mz4004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report an easy method for introducing functional groups into polymer structures by successively reacting two different activated ester functionalities (pentafluorophenyl (PFP) ester and azlactone (AZ)) with different functional amine compounds. By exploiting the difference in reactivity of the two activated esters (PFP and AZ) toward different amino compounds, we demonstrate, for the first time, a selective modification of the different activated ester groups, thereby introducing functional groups to the polymer backbone in a controlled manner. Statistical and block copolymers of vinyl dimethyl azlactone (VDM) and pentafluorophenyl acrylate (PFPA), i.e.,(p(VDM-stat-PFPA)) and (p(VDM-block-PFPA)), were prepared using reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequently modified using a library of amino compounds, yielding macromolecules with bespoke functionality. In additional work, the functional macromolecules were self-assembled into nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hien T.T. Duong
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mathew W. Jones
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan S. Basuki
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jinming Hu
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian
Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, U.K
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23
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Beija M, Li Y, Lowe AB, Davis TP, Boyer C. Factors influencing the synthesis and the post-modification of PEGylated pentafluorophenyl acrylate containing copolymers. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Zhu Y, Quek JY, Lowe AB, Roth PJ. Thermoresponsive (Co)polymers through Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone). Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhu
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jing Yang Quek
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Centre for
Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School
of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Synthetic Glycopolymers: Some Recent Developments. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Otten L, Richards SJ, Fullam E, Besra GS, Gibson MI. Gold nanoparticle-linked analysis of carbohydrate–protein interactions, and polymeric inhibitors, using unlabelled proteins; easy measurements using a ‘simple’ digital camera. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2665-2672. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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