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Zou H, Yu J, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Li T, Lv C, Zhang J. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist activity of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114048. [PMID: 37734465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
3,6-Dibromocarbazole is a novel environmental contaminant which is currently detected in several environmental media worldwide. This work aims to investigate the anti-glucocorticoid potency and endocrine disrupting effects of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. In vitro experiments indicated that 3,6-dibromocarbazole possessed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonistic activity and inhibited dexamethasone-induced GR nuclear translocation. 3,6-Dibromocarbazole reduced the expression levels of glucocorticoid responsive genes including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), and further disrupted the protein expression of two key enzymes PEPCK and FAS in gluconeogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that 3,6-dibromocarbazole induced abnormal development of zebrafish embryos and disrupted the major neurohormones involved in activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in zebrafish larvae. The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation contributed to explain the antagonistic effect of 3,6-dibromocarbazole. Taken together, this work identified 3,6-dibromocarbazole as a GR antagonist, which might exert endocrine disrupting effects by interfering the pathway of gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tuoyi Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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2
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Konidena RK, Justin Thomas KR, Park JW. Recent Advances in the Design of Multi‐Substituted Carbazoles for Optoelectronics: Synthesis and Structure‐Property Outlook. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Chemistry Haridwar Road 247667 Roorkee INDIA
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Kyunghee University College of Engineering Chemical Engineering INDIA
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3
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2,7(3,6)-Diaryl(arylamino)-substituted Carbazoles as Components of OLEDs: A Review of the Last Decade. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226754. [PMID: 34832156 PMCID: PMC8620482 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a new, promising technology in the field of lighting and display applications due to the advantages offered by its organic electroactive derivatives over inorganic materials. OLEDs have prompted a great deal of investigations within academia as well as in industry because of their potential applications. The electroactive layers of OLEDs can be fabricated from low molecular weight derivatives by vapor deposition or from polymers by spin coating from their solution. Among the low-molar-mass compounds under investigation in this field, carbazole-based materials have been studied at length for their useful chemical and electronic characteristics. The carbazole is an electron-rich heterocyclic compound, whose structure can be easily modified by rather simple reactions in order to obtain 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles. The substituted derivatives are widely used for the formation of OLEDs due to their good charge carrier injection and transfer characteristics, electroluminescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, improved thermal and morphological stability as well as their thin film forming characteristics. On the other hand, relatively high triplet energies of some substituted carbazole-based compounds make them useful components as host materials even for wide bandgap triplet emitters. The present review focuses on 2,7(3,6)-diaryl(arylamino)-substituted carbazoles, which were described in the last decade and were applied as charge-transporting layers, fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters as well as host materials for OLED devices.
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Liu K, Wei Y, Xu J, Qiu L, Hu S, Wan J, Feng J. A poly(carbazole‐
alt
‐fluorene) π‐conjugated polymer bearing thiophenyl benzimidazole: synthesis, characterization and fluorescence recognition of metal ions and cysteine. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Liu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Jinyao Xu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Lingfei Qiu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Shaping Hu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Jiayi Wan
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
| | - Juhua Feng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
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Qi ZC, Lou QX, Niu Y, Yang SD. Temporary (P[double bond, length as m-dash]O) directing group enabled carbazole ortho arylation via palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2021-2024. [PMID: 33506237 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed, temporary P(O) directing group assisted C-H bond arylation of carbazoles was achieved. The release of the directing group occurs spontaneously in the reaction and the mechanistic studies indicate that acid is essential for N-P bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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Jin H, Zhao N, Hu H, Liu W, Zhao M. Occurrence and partitioning of polyhalogenated carbazoles in seawater and sediment from East China Sea. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116717. [PMID: 33333435 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have received great concern due to their environmental persistence and potential dioxin-like toxicities. Their presence in the marine sediment had been well characterized, but limited studies had investigated their environmental behaviors in the marine environment. In this study, we collected paired seawater (n = 48) and surface sediment samples (n = 48) from East China Sea and analyzed for carbazole (CZ) and 11 PHCZs to investigate the occurrence and spatial distribution of CZ and PHCZs in seawater and sediment, as well as to explore the partitioning behaviors of CZ and PHCZs between seawater and sediment. In seawater samples, CZ and nine PHCZs were detected, with the concentrations of ∑PHCZs ranging from 0.21 to 11 ng/L (mean 2.7 ng/L). CZ (94%), 3-CCZ (89%), 1368-CCZ (65%), and 36-CCZ (57%) had relatively higher detection frequencies. Among PHCZs, 36-CCZ (mean 1.1 ng/L) had the highest mean seawater concentration, followed by 3-CCZ (0.51 ng/L) and 1368-CCZ (0.19 ng/L). In sediment, CZ and 11 PHCZs were detected, with the concentrations of ∑PHCZs ranged from 0.34 to 2.0 ng/g (mean 1.0 ng/g). CZ, 3-CCZ, 3-BCZ, 36-CCZ, 27-BCZ, and 36-BCZ were measurable in all sediment samples, and 36-CCZ was the predominant PHCZ (0.47 ng/g, 0.025-1.1 ng/g), followed by 1368-BCZ (0.16 ng/g, <LOD-0.29 ng/g) and 3-BCZ (0.11 ng/g, 0.016-0.33 ng/g). This study first calculated the field-based log Koc values for CZ and PHCZs in marine environment. CZ (mean 2.8, range 1.4-3.6) had the highest log Koc value, followed by 36-CCZ (2.7, 1.7-3.8), 1-B-36-CCZ (2.7, 2.3-3.1), and 36-BCZ (2.5, 2.2-2.9). The results of study may contribute to the better understanding of the environmental occurrence and behaviors of these chemicals in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbiao Jin
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Maiti S, Mandal T, Dash BP, Dash J. Site-Selective Aerobic C–H Monoacylation of Carbazoles Using Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1396-1407. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Maiti
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Barada Prasanna Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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8
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Konidena RK, Thomas KRJ, Dubey DK, Sahoo S, Jou J. Fine‐Tuning the Physicochemical and Electroluminescence Properties of Multiply‐Substituted Bipolar Carbazoles by Functional Group Juggling. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Organic Materials Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Snehasis Sahoo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jwo‐Huei Jou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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9
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Zhou Y, Zhu G, Li M, Liu J, Li Z, Sun J, Gong H, Wang L, Wu C, Zhou X, Yin G. Method development for analyzing ultratrace polyhalogenated carbazoles in soil and sediment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109470. [PMID: 31352212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been of increasing concern because their structure is similar to that of legacy POPs. In the present study, an analytical method, including intensive cleanup and fractionation procedures in combination with instrumental parameters, was developed to determine ultratrace polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in soil and sediment. The eluting sorbents, volume and packing of the column were optimized. Our results showed that 5 g of florisil and 4 g of silica gel under 150 mL of hexane/DCM = 3:1 presented good performance in terms of recovery and repeatability. GC-HRMS, GC-MS/MS (EI-MRM) and GC-MS (EI-SIM) were applied to compare the performance of PHCZ analysis. For sensitivity, EI-MRM presents method detection limits comparable to those of GC-HRMS and much lower than those of EI-SIM. Regarding selectivity, GC-HRMS performed better than the other two techniques since GC-HRMS can reduce interference from perfluorokerosene (PFK) and DDX (DDT, DDE, and DDD) due to its high resolution. GC-HRMS was then further optimized by shortening the run time and modifying the SIM ion. The final method was successfully applied to determine PHCZs in soil and sediment, and the target compounds had almost 100% detection frequency in the samples. The ubiquitous presence of PHCZ in soil and sediment calls for a further investigation of its source, distribution and degradation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mufei Li
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Junjun Sun
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Hongping Gong
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Chenwang Wu
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Zhejiang Province of Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ge Yin
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD. Shanghai, 200233, China
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10
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Wang L, Wu X, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhu M, Fan S, Wang Z, Xue J, Hua R, Wang Y, Li QX. Multi-spectroscopic measurements, molecular modeling and density functional theory calculations for interactions of 2,7-dibromocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole with serum albumin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1039-1048. [PMID: 31200302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2,7-Dibromocarbazole (2,7-DBCB) and 3,6-dibromocarbazole (3,6-DBCB) are emerging environmental pollutants, being potentially high risks to human health. In this study, interactions of the two compounds with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by molecular modeling, density functional theory calculations (DFT) and multispectral techniques. The static quenching interaction deduced in the fluorescence quenching experiment is confirmed by the time-resolved analyses. The interactions of the two compounds with HSA/BSA induce molecular microenvironment and conformation changes, as assessed by synchronous and 3D fluorescence spectra, together with a destruction of polypeptide carbonyl hydrogen bond network by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the spontaneous interaction was hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. The binding constant Ka at 298 K was 3.54 × 105 M-1 in HSA-2,7-DBCB, 6.63 × 105 M-1 in HSA-3,6-DBCB, 1.32 × 105 M-1 in BSA-2,7-DBCB and 2.17 × 105 M-1 in BSA-3,6-DBCB. These results indicates that 3,6-DBCB binds HSA/BSA more strongly than 2,7-DBCB, which was estimated with DFT calculations. Site marker competition experiments coupled with molecular modeling studies confirmed that both compounds bind HSA/BSA at site I (subdomain IIA). The results suggest that interactions between 2,7-DBCB and 3,6-DBCB with HSA and BSA may affect the normal physiological activities in human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meiqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, No, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Mallick T, Karmakar A, Mandal D, Pramanik A, Sarkar P, Begum NA. Harnessing carbazole based small molecules for the synthesis of the fluorescent gold nanoparticles: A unified experimental and theoretical approach to understand the mechanism of synthesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:440-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Christopher Leslee DB, Karuppannan S, Karmegam MV, Gandhi S, Subramanian S. A Fluorescent Turn-On Carbazole-Rhodanine Based Sensor for Detection of Ag + Ions and Application in Ag + Ions Imaging in Cancer Cells. J Fluoresc 2018; 29:75-89. [PMID: 30413922 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole - Rhodanine conjugate is an effective fluorescent host for silver ions through fluorometric transformation from green to red color with a hyperchromic emission. An intramolecular charge transfer process derived from carbazole towards rhodanine favors interaction of thiocarbonyl S and carboxylic acid O of the rhodanine moiety towards Ag+ ion. Carbazole - rhodanine dyad accomplishes the lowest detection limit of 12.8 × 10-9 M and high quantum efficiency. A fluorescence reversibility of the probe with I- ion surges reutilization of sensor molecule as an Ag+ ion probe with minimal loss in the fluorescent efficiency. This fluorescent ligand is a biocompatible probe and is also a proficient candidate for fluorescent imaging of Ag+ ion in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sekar Karuppannan
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University - University College of Engineering, Dindigul, 624622, India.
| | - Muthu Vengaian Karmegam
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University - University College of Engineering, Dindigul, 624622, India
| | - Sivaraman Gandhi
- Institute for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Konidena RK, Thomas KRJ, Pathak A, Dubey DK, Sahoo S, Jou JH. Tuning the Photophysical and Electroluminescence Properties in Asymmetrically Tetrasubstituted Bipolar Carbazoles by Functional Group Disposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24013-24027. [PMID: 29931980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbazoles decorated with both donor and acceptor fragments offer a classical way to optimize bipolar functional properties. In this work, a series of carbazoles featuring triphenylamine donors and cyano acceptors are synthesized and their structure-property relationship is studied. The effects of connectivity and the chromophore number density on photophysical and electroluminescence properties are investigated. The position of the triphenylamine donor on the 3,6-dicyanocarbazole nucleus significantly affected the photophysical and electroluminescence properties. The dye possessing triphenylamine on C2 and C7 displayed a red shift in absorption when compared with the structural analogue with triphenylamine tethered to C1 and C8. The emission wavelength of the dyes are tunable from blue to green, by altering the position of triphenylamine and cyano substituents. All of the dyes exhibited positive solvatochromism in emission, attributable to the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer from the triphenylamine donor to the cyano acceptor. However, the extent of charge transfer and hybridization of local and charge-transfer-excited states is highly dependent on the position of triphenylamine and cyano groups on the carbazole nucleus. Dyes containing cyano substituents at C2 and C7 showed a prolonged excited state lifetime, broad emission, and large Stokes shifts, indicating the presence of a higher charge transfer component in the excited state. The dyes displayed exceptional thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (10% weight loss) > 350 °C. Electrochemical measurements revealed low oxidation potential for dyes containing triphenylamine at C3 and/or C6. Addition of a cyano acceptor on carbazole led to the stabilization of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Furthermore, the materials were tested as emitting dopants in solution-processable multilayer organic light emitting diodes and found to display deep-blue/sky-blue electroluminescence with external quantum efficiency as high as 6.5% for a deep-blue emitter (CIE y ∼ 0.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - Ambika Pathak
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Snehasis Sahoo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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14
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Joseph V, Justin Thomas KR, Yang WY, Kumar Yadav RA, Kumar Dubey D, Jou JH. Tetra-substituted Dipolar Carbazoles: Tuning Optical and Electroluminescence Properties by Linkage Variation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Wan Yun Yang
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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15
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Konidena RK, Thomas KRJ. Star-Shaped Asymmetrically Substituted Blue Emitting Carbazoles: Synthesis, Photophyscial, Electrochemical and Theoretical Investigations. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee − 247667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee − 247667 India
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16
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Samala S, Shin J, Shim JY, Yoo EJ. Regioselective C3 Functionalizations of 9H-Carbazoles via C(sp2)−H Insertions of RhIICarbenoids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Samala
- Department of Chemistry; Kangwon National University; 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Jinhwan Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Kangwon National University; 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Jae Yul Shim
- Department of Chemistry; Kangwon National University; 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Chuncheon 24341 Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Yoo
- Department of Chemistry; Kangwon National University; 1 Kangwondaehak-gil Chuncheon 24341 Korea
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17
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Wu Y, Qiu Y, Tan H, Chen D. Polyhalogenated carbazoles in sediments from Lake Tai (China): Distribution, congener composition, and toxic equivalent evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:142-149. [PMID: 27640760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have attracted mounting environmental concerns since they were recently discovered in sediments and soil. Current knowledge on their occurrence, environmental behavior and fate remains very limited in general. In the present study, 11 PHCZ congeners were screened in surface sediments of Lake Tai, an important freshwater system located in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Total concentrations of PHCZs (∑PHCZs) ranged up to 15.8 ng/g dry weight (median: 1.54 ng/g dw), rivaling those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑PBDEs, 0.07-15.9 ng/g dw) in the same sediments. The PHCZ congener composition profiles revealed a dominance of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole and 3,6-dibromocarbazole with comparable concentrations. These two dominant congeners differed in spatial distribution patterns in Lake Tai, indicating different sources or origins. Potential toxic effects associated with the levels of PHCZs in the sediments were evaluated via the toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach. The TEQs of PHCZs in Lake Tai sediments ranged up to 1.36 pg TEQ/g dw. As the first report on the occurrence of PHCZs in an Asian waterbody, our findings suggest that PHCZs should be given more attention during environmental monitoring and risk assessments of hazardous chemicals, as they may represent another group of persistent organic pollutants with dioxin-like effects and wide distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongli Tan
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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18
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Reddy GM, Rao NS, Hariharasarma M. Highly Site-Selective and DirectOrtho-C−H Nitration, Trifluoromethylation and Cyanation at the C1-Position of Carbazole Frameworks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganapam Manohar Reddy
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal road Hyderabad India
| | - Naidu Sambasiva Rao
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal road Hyderabad India
| | - Maheswaran Hariharasarma
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Uppal road Hyderabad India
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19
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Ho KW, Ariffin A. Synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of wide band gap tetraphenylsilane-carbazole derivatives: Effect of the substitution position and naphthalene side chain. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024416130124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6837-7042. [PMID: 27199233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
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21
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Chen WL, Xie Z, Wolschke H, Gandrass J, Kötke D, Winkelmann M, Ebinghaus R. Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:586-595. [PMID: 26919804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Wolschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Danijela Kötke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Magnus Winkelmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
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22
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Singh R, Dwivedi AK, Singh A, Lin CM, Arumugaperumal R, Wei KH, Lin HC. Exploration of Energy Modulations in Novel RhB-TPE-Based Bichromophoric Materials via Interactions of Cu(2+) Ion under Various Semiaqueous and Micellar Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6751-6762. [PMID: 26910632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel bichromophoric materials TR-A and TR-B consisting of an entirely new combination of TPE and RhB units were developed to explore the optimum conditions of energy modulations via pH variation and Cu(2+) interaction at various water contents of CH3CN. Interestingly, TR-A and TR-B, at 60 and 70% water contents, respectively, favored the optimum Cu(2+)-mediated energy modulations from TPE to RhB and thus achieve the brightest orange emissions of free RhB with complete disappearance of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from TPE. Furthermore, various micellar conditions of triton-X-100, SDS, and CTAB were employed to adjust energy modulations of TR-A and TR-B at high water contents (at 80 and 90%, respectively). The incorporation of RhB into triton-X-100 micellar cavities disrupted AIE from TPE; thus, none of the energy modulations from TPE to RhB occurred even in the presence of Cu(2+) ion. Interestingly, the micellar conditions of anionic surfactant (SDS) favored the increased local concentration of Cu(2+) ions in the vicinity of scavangable RhB and facilitated the generation of noncyclic free RhB in situ via bright-orange emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Atul Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Reguram Arumugaperumal
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan
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23
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Konidena RK, Thomas KRJ, Kumar S, Wang YC, Li CJ, Jou JH. Phenothiazine Decorated Carbazoles: Effect of Substitution Pattern on the Optical and Electroluminescent Characteristics. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5812-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Wang
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Li
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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24
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Sasaki S, Hattori K, Igawa K, Konishi GI. Directional Control of π-Conjugation Enabled by Distortion of the Donor Plane in Diarylaminoanthracenes: A Photophysical Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4898-906. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sasaki
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, PRESTO Japan Science and Technology
Agency (JST), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kengo Hattori
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, PRESTO Japan Science and Technology
Agency (JST), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Department of Molecular
and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Konishi
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, PRESTO Japan Science and Technology
Agency (JST), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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25
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Parette R, McCrindle R, McMahon KS, Pena-Abaurrea M, Reiner E, Chittim B, Riddell N, Voss G, Dorman FL, Pearson WN. Halogenated indigo dyes: a likely source of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole and some other halogenated carbazoles in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:18-26. [PMID: 25638463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of halogenated carbazoles have been detected in environmental samples. These emerging contaminants have been shown to be persistent and possess dioxin-like toxicological potential. The goal of this research was to examine the literature to determine likely anthropogenic origin(s) of halogenated carbazoles in the environment. The scientific literature indicated a number of pathways by which 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole could form in the manufacture of 5,5',7,7'-tetrabromoindigo. The U.S. production history of 5,5',7,7'-tetrabromoindigo correlates well with the concentration rise, decline, and disappearance of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole in dated Lake Michigan sediments. Additionally, other halogenated carbazoles that have been found in environmental sediments can be explained by the production of other halogenated indigo dyes. 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole can be accounted for by the manufacture of 7,7'-dibromo-5,5'-dichloroindigo, while 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorocarbazole was found at relatively high concentration near the outfall of a U.S. manufacturer of 5,5',7,7'-tetrachloroindigo. Carbazoles containing an iodo-substituent can be explained by the use of iodine as a catalyst in the manufacture of halogenated indigo dyes. 3,6-Dichlorocarbazole measured in soils and dibromocarbazoles measured in more recently deposited sediments are not easily rationalized on the basis of an indigo related source and may be related to other anthropogenic sources or natural origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Parette
- Matson & Associates, Inc., 331 E. Foster Ave, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Robert McCrindle
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Dr, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Miren Pena-Abaurrea
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eric Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 125 Resources Rd, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada; Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Brock Chittim
- Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Dr, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada
| | - Nicole Riddell
- Wellington Laboratories Inc., 345 Southgate Dr, Guelph, ON N1G 3M5, Canada
| | - Gundula Voss
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Altenberger Str 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Frank L Dorman
- Dept.of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wendy N Pearson
- Matson & Associates, Inc., 331 E. Foster Ave, State College, PA 16801, USA
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26
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Yu LF, Ge CW, Wang JT, Xiang X, Li WS. Modification of a donor-acceptor photovoltaic polymer by integration of optoelectronic moieties into its side chains. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Irfan M, Belfield KD, Saeed A. Carbazole/fluorene based conjugated small molecules: synthesis and comparative studies on the optical, thermal and electrochemical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new molecular materials with varying carbazole and fluorene contents were prepared employing Suzuki coupling and their properties were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Irfan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- 44000 Pakistan
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Central Florida (UCF)
- Orlando 162366
- USA
- College of Science and Liberal Arts
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad
- 44000 Pakistan
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28
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Sasaki S, Niko Y, Igawa K, Konishi GI. Aggregation-induced emission active D-π-A binaphthyl luminophore with dual-mode fluorescence. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05871b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Li C, Yan H, Zhang GF, Gong WL, Chen T, Hu R, Aldred MP, Zhu MQ. Photocontrolled Intramolecular Charge/Energy Transfer and Fluorescence Switching of Tetraphenylethene-Dithienylethene-Perylenemonoimide Triad with Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Structure. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:104-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Urones B, Arrayás RG, Carretero JC. PdII-Catalyzed Di-o-olefination of Carbazoles Directed by the Protecting N-(2-Pyridyl)sulfonyl Group. Org Lett 2013; 15:1120-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Urones
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carretero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Zhang LQ, Yang S, Huang X, You J, Song F. Aerobic Ru-catalyzed direct C2-olefination of N-heteroarenes with alkenes directed by a removable N-dimethylcarbamoyl group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8830-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Li C, Gong WL, Hu Z, Aldred MP, Zhang GF, Chen T, Huang ZL, Zhu MQ. Photoswitchable aggregation-induced emission of a dithienylethene–tetraphenylethene conjugate for optical memory and super-resolution imaging. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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