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Karalė K, Bollmark M, Karalius A, Lopes M, Pérez O, Strömberg R, Tedebark U. Synthesis and stability studies of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne scaffolds for automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17406-17412. [PMID: 38813131 PMCID: PMC11134333 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Two novel bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) linker derivatives, which can be directly incorporated into oligonucleotide sequences during standard automated solid-phase synthesis, are reported. Stabilities of BCN-carbinol and two BCN-oligonucleotides are evaluated under acidic conditions. In addition, derivatized BCN linkers (non-acidic and acid treated) are evaluated for strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Karalė
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet Neo 141 57 Huddinge Sweden
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
| | - Martin Bollmark
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
| | - Antanas Karalius
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
| | - Mónica Lopes
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Oswaldo Pérez
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland Sæmundargata 2 102 Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet Neo 141 57 Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet ANA Futura 141 52 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- RISE, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development Forskargatan 18 SE-15136 Södertälje Sweden
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2
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Honcharenko M, Honcharenko D, Stromberg R. Copper-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Tailored for Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 80:e102. [PMID: 31884728 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for attachment of a variety of reporter groups to oligonucleotides (ONs) is copper (I) [Cu(I)]-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click reaction"). However, in the case of ONs with phosphorothioate modifications as internucleosidic linkages (PS-ONs), this conjugation method has to be adjusted to be compatible with the sulfur-containing groups. The method described here is adapted for PS-ONs, utilizes solid-supported ONs, and implements the Cu(I) bromide dimethyl sulfide complex (CuBr × Me2 S) as a mediator for the click reaction. The solid-supported ONs can be readily transformed into "clickable ONs" by on-line addition of an alkyne-containing linker that subsequently can react with an azido-containing moiety (e.g., a peptide) in the presence of CuBr × Me2 S. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Conjugation on solid support Support Protocol: Removal of 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl group from amino linker Basic Protocol 2: Removal of protecting groups and cleavage from solid support Basic Protocol 3: HPLC purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Stromberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
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3
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Honcharenko M, Honcharenko D, Strömberg R. Attachment of Peptides to Oligonucleotides on Solid Support Using Copper(I)-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2036:165-171. [PMID: 31410796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9670-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo bioavailability and delivery of nucleic acids to the site of action is a severe limitation in oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics. Equipping the ONs with cell penetrating, homing or endosomal escape peptides can enhance specificity and/or uptake efficiencies. We describe here a general procedure for the preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) on solid support utilizing a novel activated alkyne containing linker which enhances the Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Conjugation reaction is efficient in millimolar concentration and submicromolar amounts at ambient temperature. The route for POC preparation involves two subsequent conjugation steps: to solid-supported ONs containing a 5'-amino modifier (1) the triple bond donor (p-(N-propynoylamino)toluic acid (PATA), p-([2-(propynyloxy)acetamido]methyl)benzoic acid (PAMBA) or 2-(propynyloxy)acetic acid (PAA)) is first coupled and then (2) an azido-functionalized peptide is attached via a triazole linkage by copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The fragment-conjugated POC is released from the solid support by concentrated ammonia. The method gives high conversion of ON to the POC and only involves a single purification step after complete assembly and release from the solid support. The synthesis is flexible and designed to utilize commercially available oligonucleotide and peptide derivatives without the need for specific automated synthesizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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4
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Muthmann N, Guez T, Vasseur JJ, Jaffrey SR, Debart F, Rentmeister A. Combining Chemical Synthesis and Enzymatic Methylation to Access Short RNAs with Various 5' Caps. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1693-1700. [PMID: 30768827 PMCID: PMC6755138 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNAs are heavily processed, including co- and post-transcriptional formation of various 5' caps. In small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) or small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), the canonical 7m G cap is hypermethylated at the N2 -position, whereas in higher eukaryotes and viruses 2'-O-methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide yields the cap1 structure. The function and potential dynamics of several RNA cap modifications have not been fully elucidated, which necessitates preparative access to these caps. However, the introduction of these modifications during chemical solid-phase synthesis is challenging and enzymatic production of defined short and uniform RNAs also faces difficulties. In this work, the chemical synthesis of RNA is combined with site-specific enzymatic methylation by using the methyltransferases human trimethylguanosine synthase 1 (hTgs1), trimethylguanosine synthase from Giardia lamblia (GlaTgs2), and cap methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1). It is shown that RNAs with di-and trimethylated caps, as well as RNAs with caps methylated at the 2'-O-position of the first transcribed nucleotide, can be conveniently prepared. These highly modified RNAs, with a defined and uniform sequence, are hard to access by in vitro transcription or chemical synthesis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Muthmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Théo Guez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Campus Triolet UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Campus Triolet UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 70, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Françoise Debart
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Campus Triolet UM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
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5
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Honcharenko M, Honcharenko D, Strömberg R. Efficient Conjugation to Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides by Cu-Catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1622-1628. [PMID: 31067031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Improving oligonucleotide delivery is critical for the further development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Covalent attachment of reporter molecules is one of the most promising approaches toward efficient oligonucleotide-based therapies. An efficient methods for the attachment of a variety of reporter groups is Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. However, the majority of potential oligonucleotide (ON) therapeutics in clinical trials are carrying phosphorothioate (PS) linkages, and this robust conjugation method is not yet established for these ONs due to a general concern of Cu-S interaction. Here, we developed a method allowing for efficient conjugation of peptides to PS oligonucleotides. The method utilizes solid supported oligonucleotides that can be readily transformed into "clickable ONs" by simple linker conjugation and further reacted with an azido containing moiety (e.g., a peptide) using the CuBr × Me2S complex as a superior catalyst in that reaction. This study opens the way for further development of PS oligonucleotide-conjugates by means of efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institute , SE-14183 Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institute , SE-14183 Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , Karolinska Institute , SE-14183 Huddinge , Sweden
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6
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Jezowska M, Honcharenko D, Ghidini A, Strömberg R, Honcharenko M. Enabling Multiple Conjugation to Oligonucleotides Using "Click Cycles". Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2620-2628. [PMID: 27756130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of multiply functionalized oligonucleotides (ONs) utilizing a novel H-phosphonate alkyne-based linker for multiple functionalization (LMF) is developed. The strategy allows for the conjugation of various active entities to oligonucleotide through the postsynthetic attachment of LMF at the 5'-terminus of ONs using H-phosphonate chemistry followed by conjugation of various entities via [3 + 2] copper(I) catalyzed cycloaddition in a stepwise manner. Each cycle is composed of attachment of the LMF followed by a click reaction with azido-containing units. Sequential solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates containing three attached entities was performed using an acetylated form of MIF peptide conjugated to azido linker, achieving high conversions at each unit addition. In addition, to show the versatility of the method, oligonucleotide conjugates with several different classes of compounds were synthesized. Each conjugate containing three different entities, whose structure and function varied (e.g., sugars, peptides, fluorescent labels, and m3G-Caps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jezowska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
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7
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Gissberg OI, Jezowska M, Zaghloul EM, Bungsu NI, Strömberg R, Smith CIE, Lundin KE, Honcharenko M. Fast and efficient synthesis of Zorro-LNA type 3'-5'-5'-3' oligonucleotide conjugates via parallel in situ stepwise conjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3584-90. [PMID: 26975344 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zorro-LNA is a new class of therapeutic anti-gene oligonucleotides (ONs) capable of invading supercoiled DNA. The synthesis of single stranded Zorro-LNA is typically complex and laborious, requiring reverse phosphoramidites and a chemical linker connecting the two separate ON arms. Here, a simplified synthesis strategy based on 'click chemistry' is presented with a high potential for screening Zorro-LNA ONs directed against new anti-gene targets. Four different Zorro type 3'-5' 5'-3' constructs were synthesized via parallel in situ Cu(i) [3 + 2] catalysed cycloaddition. They were prepared from commercially obtained ONs functionalized on solid support (one ON with the azide and the other ON with the activated triple bond linker N-propynoylamino)-p-toluic acid (PATA)) and after cleavage from resin, they were conjugated in solution. Our report shows the benefit of combining different approaches when developing anti-gene ONs, (1) the ability for rapid and robust screening of potential targets and (2) refining the hits with more anti-gene optimized constructs. We present as well the first report showing double-strand invasion (DSI) efficiency of two combined Zorro-LNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Gissberg
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
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8
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Honcharenko M, Bestas B, Jezowska M, Wojtczak BA, Moreno PMD, Romanowska J, Bächle SM, Darzynkiewicz E, Jemielity J, Smith CIE, Strömberg R. Synthetic m3G-CAP attachment necessitates a minimum trinucleotide constituent to be recognised as a nuclear import signal. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal requirement for Snurportin based nuclear uptake is the inclusion of a trinucleotide sequence between the m3G-CAP and the artificial linker.
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9
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Wojtczak BA, Warminski M, Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Honcharenko M, Smith CIE, Strömberg R, Darzynkiewicz E, Jemielity J. Clickable trimethylguanosine cap analogs modified within the triphosphate bridge: synthesis, conjugation to RNA and susceptibility to degradation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25684d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-modified m3G cap analogs were synthesized, conjugated to RNA using “click chemistry”, and studied for susceptibility to hNUDT16 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Warminski
- Division of Biophysics
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Maciej Lukaszewicz
- Division of Biophysics
- Institute of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Physics
- University of Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- Karolinska Institutet
- Karolinska University Hospital
- Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition
- Karolinska Institutet
- Sweden
| | | | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies
- University of Warsaw
- 02-089 Warsaw
- Poland
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10
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Zytek M, Kowalska J, Lukaszewicz M, Wojtczak BA, Zuberek J, Ferenc-Mrozek A, Darzynkiewicz E, Niedzwiecka A, Jemielity J. Towards novel efficient and stable nuclear import signals: synthesis and properties of trimethylguanosine cap analogs modified within the 5',5'-triphosphate bridge. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:9184-99. [PMID: 25296894 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap is present at the 5' end of several small nuclear and nucleolar RNAs. Recently, it has been reported that the TMG cap is a potential nuclear import signal for nucleus-targeting therapeutic nucleic acids and proteins. The import is mediated by recognition of the TMG cap by the snRNA transporting protein, snurportin1. This work describes the synthesis and properties of a series of dinucleotide TMG cap (m3(2,2,7)GpppG) analogs modified in the 5',5'-triphosphate bridge as tools to study TMG cap-dependent biological processes. The bridge was altered at different positions by introducing either bridging (imidodiphosphate, O to NH and methylenebisphosphonate, O to CH2) or non-bridging (phosphorothioate, O to S and boranophosphate, O to BH3) modifications, or by elongation to tetraphosphate. The stability of novel analogs in blood serum was studied to reveal that the α,β-bridging O to NH substitution (m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG) confers the highest resistance. Short RNAs capped with analogs containing α,β-bridging (m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG) or β-non-bridging (m3(2,2,7)GppSpG D2) modifications were resistant to decapping pyrophosphatase, hNudt16. Preliminary studies on binding by human snurportin1 revealed that both O to NH and O to S substitutions support this binding. Due to favorable properties in all three assays, m3(2,2,7)GppNHpG was selected as a promising candidate for further studies on the efficiency of the TMG cap as a nuclear import signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Zytek
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Recent advances in H-phosphonate chemistry. Part 1. H-phosphonate esters: synthesis and basic reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 361:137-77. [PMID: 25370520 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent progress in the preparation of H-phosphonate mono- and diesters, basic studies on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of this class of phosphorus compounds, and their fundamental chemistry in terms of transformation of P-H bonds into P-heteroatom bonds. Selected recent applications of H-phosphonate derivatives in basic organic phosphorus chemistry and in the synthesis of biologically important phosphorus compounds are also discussed.
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12
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Abstract
Cap analogs are chemically modified derivatives of the unique cap structure present at the 5´ end of all eukaryotic mRNAs and several non-coding RNAs. Until recently, cap analogs have served primarily as tools in the study of RNA metabolism. Continuing advances in our understanding of cap biological functions (including RNA stabilization, pre-mRNA splicing, initiation of mRNA translation, as well as cellular transport of mRNAs and snRNAs) and the consequences of the disruption of these processes - resulting in serious medical disorders - have opened new possibilities for pharmaceutical applications of these compounds. In this review, the medicinal potential of cap analogs in areas, such as cancer treatment (including eIF4E targeting and mRNA-based immunotherapy), spinal muscular atrophy treatment, antiviral therapy and the improvement of the localization of nucleus-targeting drugs, are highlighted. Advances achieved to date, challenges, plausible solutions and prospects for the future development of cap analog-based drug design are described.
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13
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Honcharenko M, Zytek M, Bestas B, Moreno P, Jemielity J, Darzynkiewicz E, Smith CIE, Strömberg R. Synthesis and evaluation of stability of m3G-CAP analogues in serum-supplemented medium and cytosolic extract. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7921-8. [PMID: 24184216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased efficiency in splice-correction (splice-switching) has been shown by use of a synthetic RNA 5'-end nuclear localization signal composed of an m3G-CAP. Use of the m3G-CAP as an NLS signal for therapeutic compounds in vivo is likely to require additional stability towards enzymatic degradation. For this reason introduction of stabilizing modifications into the triphosphate bridge may be beneficial. Here we report on synthesis of three m3G-CAP derivatives with a 'native' (m3GpppAOMe) as well as with a methylenephosphonate stabilized triphosphate bridge (m3GpCH2ppAOMe, m3GppCH2pAOMe) and the investigation of the enzymatic stability of these compounds in 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cytosolic extract from HeLa cells, thus mimicking in vivo conditions. Our results indicate that introduction of methylene group between the β and γ phosphates in m3GpCH2ppAOMe improves to some extent stability of this analogue in 10% serum but does not prolong life of this compound in the cytosolic extract. In contrast the stabilization introduced between α and β phosphates in m3GppCH2pAOMe offers threefold longer life in 10% serum and almost complete protection in cytosolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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14
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Milton S, Ander C, Honcharenko D, Honcharenko M, Yeheskiely E, Strömberg R. Synthesis and Stability of a 2′-O-[N-(Aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyladenosine-Containing Dinucleotide. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Jezowska M, Romanowska J, Bestas B, Tedebark U, Honcharenko M. Synthesis of biotin linkers with the activated triple bond donor [p-(N-propynoylamino)toluic acid] (PATA) for efficient biotinylation of peptides and oligonucleotides. Molecules 2012. [PMID: 23201638 PMCID: PMC6269004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotin is an important molecule for modern biological studies including, e.g., cellular transport. Its exclusive affinity to fluorescent streptavidin/avidin proteins allows ready and specific detection. As a consequence methods for the attachment of biotin to various biological targets are of high importance, especially when they are very selective and can also proceed in water. One useful method is Hüisgen dipolar [3+2]-cycloaddition, commonly referred to as “click chemistry”. As we reported recently, the activated triple bond donor p-(N-propynoylamino)toluic acid (PATA) gives excellent results when used for conjugations at submicromolar concentrations. Thus, we have designed and synthesized two biotin linkers, with different lengths equipped with this activated triple bond donor and we proceeded with biotinylation of oligonucleotides and C-myc peptide both in solution and on solid support with excellent yields of conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jezowska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.J.)
| | - Joanna Romanowska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.J.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznañ, Poland; E-Mail: (J.R.)
| | - Burcu Bestas
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Novum, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden; E-Mail:
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden; E-Mail:
| | - Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden; E-Mail: (M.J.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +46-8-524-81019; Fax: +46-8-524-81034
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