1
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Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of thiolate-bridged cobalt-iron and ruthenium-iron complexes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Kleinhaus JT, Wittkamp F, Yadav S, Siegmund D, Apfel UP. [FeFe]-Hydrogenases: maturation and reactivity of enzymatic systems and overview of biomimetic models. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1668-1784. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
[FeFe]-hydrogenases recieved increasing interest in the last decades. This review summarises important findings regarding their enzymatic reactivity as well as inorganic models applied as electro- and photochemical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shanika Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Electrosynthesis
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT
- 46047 Oberhausen
- Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
- Department of Electrosynthesis
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3
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Wang XZ, Meng SL, Xiao H, Feng K, Wang Y, Jian JX, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Identifying a Real Catalyst of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Mimic for Exceptional H 2 Photogeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18400-18404. [PMID: 32667116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the natural [NiFe]-H2 ase, we designed mimic 1, (dppe)Ni(μ-pdt)(μ-Cl)Ru(CO)2 Cl to realize effective H2 evolution under photocatalytic conditions. However, a new species 2 was captured in the course of photo-, electro-, and chemo- one-electron reduction. Experimental studies of in situ IR spectroscopy, EPR, NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and DFT calculations corroborated a dimeric structure of 2 as a closed-shell, symmetric structure with a RuI center. The isolated dimer 2 showed the real catalytic role in photocatalysis with a benchmark turnover frequency (TOF) of 1936 h-1 for H2 evolution, while mimic 1 worked as a pre-catalyst and evolved H2 only after being reduced to 2. The remarkably catalytic activity and unique dimer structure of 2 operated in photocatalysis unveiled a broad research prospect in hydrogenases mimics for advanced H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Wang X, Meng S, Xiao H, Feng K, Wang Y, Jian J, Li X, Tung C, Wu L. Identifying a Real Catalyst of [NiFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimic for Exceptional H
2
Photogeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shu‐Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing‐Xin Jian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xu‐Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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5
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Radu LF, Attia AAA, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Lupan A, King RB. The group 9 cyclopentadienylmetal cis-ethylenedithiolates as metallodithiolene ligands in metal carbonyl chemistry: analogies to benzene metal carbonyl complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The species CpMS2C2H2 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) are aromatic systems that can function as pentahapto six-electron metallodithiolene ligands through all five atoms of their MS2C2 rings as in the lowest energy heterobimetallic complexes CpMS2C2H2·Cr(CO)n (n = 3, 2) and CpMS2C2H2·Fe(CO)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana-Flavia Radu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Amr A. A. Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | | | - Alexandru Lupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - R. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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6
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang B, Qu J. Biomimetic catalytic oxidative coupling of thiols using thiolate-bridged dinuclear metal complexes containing iron in water under mild conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01667h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green approach to disulfides via aerobic oxidative coupling of thiols was developed with a thiolate-bridged heteronuclear complex in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
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7
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Tong P, Xie W, Yang D, Wang B, Ji X, Li J, Qu J. Structural characterization and proton reduction electrocatalysis of thiolate-bridged bimetallic (CoCo and CoFe) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18559-18565. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03275c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an assembly method, dinuclear CoCo and CoFe complexes supported by a bdt ligand, [Cp*Co(μ–η2:η2-bdt)(μ-I)CoCp*][PF6] (1[PF6], Cp* = η5-C5Me5, bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate), and [Cp*Co(μ–η2:η4-bdt)FeCp′][PF6] (3[PF6], Cp′ = η5-C5Me4H) were synthesized in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Jianzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P.R. China
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8
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Ye K, Li YY, Liao RZ. DFT study of the mechanism of hydrogen evolution catalysed by molecular Ni, Co and Fe catalysts containing a diamine–tripyridine ligand. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolysis of water to obtain hydrogen is a practical way to transform surplus electrical power into clean and sustainable hydrogen fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ye
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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9
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Gao H, Chen J. Hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone catalyzed by PNP-Ir pincer complexes: A computational study. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Miao TF, Xu LC, Miao QQ, Wang QQ, Wang NL. Theoretical studies on interaction properties of chiral Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Gao H, Chen L, Chen J, Guo Y, Ye D. A computational study on the hydrogenation of CO2 catalyzed by a tetraphos-ligated cobalt complex: monohydride vs. dihydride. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the monohydride catalytic pathway, the dihydride catalytic pathway for the hydrogenation of CO2 is much more favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Limin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
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12
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Beaume L, Clémancey M, Blondin G, Greco C, Pétillon FY, Schollhammer P, Talarmin J. New Systematic Route to Mixed-Valence Triiron Clusters Derived from Dinuclear Models of the Active Site of [Fe–Fe]-Hydrogenases. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Beaume
- UMR CNRS 6521,
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- CEA, iRTSV-LCBM-PMB, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes,
iRTSV-LCBM-PMB, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- CEA, iRTSV-LCBM-PMB, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, iRTSV-LCBM-PMB, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claudio Greco
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - François Y. Pétillon
- UMR CNRS 6521,
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Philippe Schollhammer
- UMR CNRS 6521,
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Jean Talarmin
- UMR CNRS 6521,
Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest, France
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13
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Bouchard S, Clémancey M, Blondin G, Bruschi M, Charreteur K, De Gioia L, Le Roy C, Pétillon FY, Schollhammer P, Talarmin J. A new FeMo complex as a model of heterobimetallic assemblies in natural systems: Mössbauer and density functional theory investigations. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11345-7. [PMID: 25330460 DOI: 10.1021/ic501875q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The design of the new FeMo heterobimetallic species [FeMo(CO)5(κ(2)-dppe)(μ-pdt)] is reported. Mössbauer spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations give deep insight into the electronic and structural properties of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Bouchard
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest, France
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14
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Carroll M, Chen J, Gray DE, Lansing JC, Rauchfuss TB, Schilter D, Volkers PI, Wilson S. Ferrous Carbonyl Dithiolates as Precursors to FeFe, FeCo, and FeMn Carbonyl Dithiolates. Organometallics 2014; 33:858-867. [PMID: 24803716 PMCID: PMC3999794 DOI: 10.1021/om400752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reported are complexes of the formula Fe(dithiolate)(CO)2(diphos) and their use to prepare homo- and heterobimetallic dithiolato derivatives. The starting iron dithiolates were prepared by a one-pot reaction of FeCl2 and CO with chelating diphosphines and dithiolates, where dithiolate = S2(CH2)22- (edt2-), S2(CH2)32- (pdt2-), S2(CH2)2(C(CH3)2)2- (Me2pdt2-) and diphos = cis-C2H2(PPh2)2 (dppv), C2H4(PPh2)2 (dppe), C6H4(PPh2)2 (dppbz), C2H4[P(C6H11)2]2 (dcpe). The incorporation of 57Fe into such building block complexes commenced with the conversion of 57Fe into 57Fe2I4( i PrOH)4, which then was treated with K2pdt, CO, and dppe to give 57Fe(pdt)(CO)2(dppe). NMR and IR analyses show that these complexes exist as mixtures of all-cis and trans-CO isomers, edt2- favoring the former and pdt2- the latter. Treatment of Fe(dithiolate)(CO)2(diphos) with the Fe(0) reagent (benzylideneacetone)Fe(CO)3 gave Fe2(dithiolate)(CO)4(diphos), thereby defining a route from simple ferrous salts to models for hydrogenase active sites. Extending the building block route to heterobimetallic complexes, treatment of Fe(pdt)(CO)2(dppe) with [(acenaphthene)Mn(CO)3]+ gave [(CO)3Mn(pdt)Fe(CO)2(dppe)]+ ([3d(CO)]+). Reduction of [3d(CO)]+ with BH4- gave the Cs -symmetric μ-hydride (CO)3Mn(pdt)(H)Fe(CO)(dppe) (H3d). Complex H3d is reversibly protonated by strong acids, the proposed site of protonation being sulfur. Treatment of Fe(dithiolate)(CO)2(diphos) with CpCoI2(CO) followed by reduction by Cp2Co affords CpCo(dithiolate)Fe(CO)(diphos) (4), which can also be prepared from Fe(dithiolate)(CO)2(diphos) and CpCo(CO)2. Like the electronically related (CO)3Fe(pdt)Fe(CO)(diphos), these complexes undergo protonation to afford the μ-hydrido complexes [CpCo(dithiolate)HFe(CO)(diphos)]+. Low-temperature NMR studies indicate that Co is the kinetic site of protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
E. Carroll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Danielle E. Gray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - James C. Lansing
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David Schilter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Phillip I. Volkers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott
R. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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