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Jay RM, Coates MR, Zhao H, Winghart MO, Han P, Wang RP, Harich J, Banerjee A, Wikmark H, Fondell M, Nibbering ETJ, Odelius M, Huse N, Wernet P. Photochemical Formation and Electronic Structure of an Alkane σ-Complex from Time-Resolved Optical and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14000-14011. [PMID: 38713061 PMCID: PMC11117182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
C-H bond activation reactions with transition metals typically proceed via the formation of alkane σ-complexes, where an alkane C-H σ-bond binds to the metal. Due to the weak nature of metal-alkane bonds, σ-complexes are challenging to characterize experimentally. Here, we establish the complete pathways of photochemical formation of the model σ-complex Cr(CO)5-alkane from Cr(CO)6 in octane solution and characterize the nature of its metal-ligand bonding interactions. Using femtosecond optical absorption spectroscopy, we find photoinduced CO dissociation from Cr(CO)6 to occur within the 100 fs time resolution of the experiment. Rapid geminate recombination by a fraction of molecules is found to occur with a time constant of 150 fs. The formation of bare Cr(CO)5 in its singlet ground state is followed by complexation of an octane molecule from solution with a time constant of 8.2 ps. Picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cr L-edge and O K-edge provides unique information on the electronic structure of the Cr(CO)5-alkane σ-complex from both the metal and ligand perspectives. Based on clear experimental observables, we find substantial destabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital upon coordination of the C-H bond to the undercoordinated Cr center in the Cr(CO)5-alkane σ-complex, and we define this as a general, orbital-based descriptor of the metal-alkane bond. Our study demonstrates the value of combining optical and X-ray spectroscopic methods as complementary tools to study the stability and reactivity of alkane σ-complexes in their role as the decisive intermediates in C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M. Jay
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael R. Coates
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhao
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Winghart
- Max
Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peng Han
- Max
Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Harich
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hampus Wikmark
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und
Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max
Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Huse
- Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Turner JJ, George MW, Poliakoff M, Perutz RN. Photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5300-5329. [PMID: 35708003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this Tutorial Review is to outline the fundamental photochemistry of metal carbonyls, and to show how the advances in technology have increased our understanding of the detailed mechanisms, particularly how relatively simple experiments can provide deep understanding of complex problems. We recall some important early experiments that demonstrate the key principles underlying current research, concentrating on the binary carbonyls and selected substituted metal carbonyls. At each stage, we illustrate with examples from recent applications. This review first considers the detection of photochemical intermediates in three environments: glasses and matrices; gas phase; solution. It is followed by an examination of the theory underpinning these observations. In the final two sections, we briefly address applications to the characterization and behaviour of complexes with very labile ligands such as N2, H2 and alkanes, concentrating on key mechanistic points, and also describe some principles and examples of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Turner
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | | | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Calladine JA, Duckett SB, George MW, Matthews SL, Perutz RN, Torres O, Vuong KQ. Manganese Alkane Complexes: An IR and NMR Spectroscopic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2303-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Calladine
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Steven L. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Calladine JA, Torres O, Anstey M, Ball GE, Bergman RG, Curley J, Duckett SB, George MW, Gilson AI, Lawes DJ, Perutz RN, Sun XZ, Vollhardt KPC. Photoinduced N2 loss as a route to long-lived organometallic alkane complexes: A time-resolved IR and NMR study. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Fast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy has been useful for studying the reactions of a wide range of organometallic alkane and noble gas complexes at ambient temperature following irradiation of metal carbonyl precursor complexes. The reactivity of organometallic alkane and xenon complexes decreases both across and down groups V, VI, and VII, and for a given metal/ligand combination the alkane and xenon complexes have similar reactivities. Systematic studies of reactivity have produced long-lived Re complexes which have allowed such complexes to be characterized using NMR spectroscopy. A new approach using liquid propane at low temperature as a solvent to monitor the interaction of such weakly coordinating ligands with transition-metal centers is outlined. TRIR studies monitoring the coordination and activation of methane and ethane in supercritical methane and liquid ethane solvents at room temperature are also reviewed.
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Cowan AJ, Portius P, Kawanami HK, Jina OS, Grills DC, Sun XZ, McMaster J, George MW. Time-resolved infrared (TRIR) study on the formation and reactivity of organometallic methane and ethane complexes in room temperature solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6933-8. [PMID: 17409190 PMCID: PMC1855416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610567104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used fast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to characterize a series of organometallic methane and ethane complexes in solution at room temperature: W(CO)5(CH4) and M(eta5-C5R5)(CO)2(L) [where M = Mn or Re, R = H or CH3 (Re only); and L = CH4 or C2H6]. In all cases, the methane complexes are found to be short-lived and significantly more reactive than the analogous n-heptane complexes. Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4) and Re(Cp*)(CO)2(L) [Cp* = eta5-C5(CH3)(5) and L = CH4, C2H6] were found to be in rapid equilibrium with the alkyl hydride complexes. In the presence of CO, both alkane and alkyl hydride complexes decay at the same rate. We have used picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to directly monitor the photolysis of Re(Cp*)(CO)3 in scCH4 and demonstrated that the initially generated Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4) forms an equilibrium mixture of Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4)/Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH3)H within the first few nanoseconds (tau = 2 ns). The ratio of alkane to alkyl hydride complexes varies in the order Re(Cp)(CO)2(C2H6):Re(Cp)(CO)2(C2H5)H > Re(Cp*)(CO)2(C2H6):Re(Cp*)(CO)2(C2H5)H approximately equal to Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4):Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH3)H > Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH4):Re(Cp*)(CO)2(CH3)H. Activation parameters for the reactions of the organometallic methane and ethane complexes with CO have been measured, and the DeltaH++ values represent lower limits for the CH4 binding enthalpies to the metal center of W-CH4 (30 kJ.mol(-1)), Mn-CH4 (39 kJ.mol(-1)), and Re-CH4 (51 kJ.mol(-1)) bonds in W(CO)5(CH4), Mn(Cp)(CO)2(CH4), and Re(Cp)(CO)2(CH4), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Cowan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Portius
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hajime K. Kawanami
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Omar S. Jina
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Grills
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Biber L, Reuvenov D, Revzin T, Sinai T, Zahavi A, Schultz RH. Reactions of the transient species Cr(CO)5(cyclohexane) with C4HnE (n = 4, 8; E = O, NH, S) studied by time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2007:41-51. [PMID: 17160173 DOI: 10.1039/b612902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate substitution of the cyclohexane (CyH) molecule of the photolytically generated alkane-solvated transient intermediate Cr(CO)5(CyH) by heterocyclic ligands C4HnE (n=4, 8; E=O, NH, S). From the concentration and temperature dependences of the pseudo-first order rate constants, we obtain activation parameters for the reactions, and find that they are consistent with an associative (A) or interchange (I) mechanism. As was the case with ligand substitution reactions at W(CO)5(CyH), a ligand's reactivity depends both on its electron-donating ability and on its polarizability. We also find that for a reaction with a given DeltaH, the activation entropy is higher for reaction of Cr(CO)5(CyH) than it is for reaction of W(CO)5(CyH). Comparison of the present results with ligand substitution reactions of W(CO)5(CyH), CpMn(CO)2(CyH), and Cr(CO)5(n-heptane) indicates that for ligand substitution reactions at alkane-solvated transition-metal intermediates, the solvent's effect upon the reaction rate is primarily entropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Biber
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
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Herrick RS, Duff RR, Frederick AB. KINETIC STUDIES OF LEWIS BASE ADDITION TO CpFe(CO)(η3-CH2C6H4-p-X); X = OMe, Me, H,F, Cl, Br. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979408024240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Herrick
- a Chemistry Department , College of the Holy Cross , Worcester, MA, 01610
| | - Ronald R. Duff
- a Chemistry Department , College of the Holy Cross , Worcester, MA, 01610
| | - Aaron B. Frederick
- a Chemistry Department , College of the Holy Cross , Worcester, MA, 01610
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9
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Kazansky V, Pidko E. A new insight in the unusual adsorption properties of Cu+ cations in Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lawes DJ, Geftakis S, Ball GE. Insight into Binding of Alkanes to Transition Metals from NMR Spectroscopy of Isomeric Pentane and Isotopically Labeled Alkane Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:4134-5. [PMID: 15783171 DOI: 10.1021/ja044208m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkane complexes of the type Cp'Re(CO)2(alkane) (Cp' = cyclopentadienyl or (isopropyl)cyclopentadienyl; alkane = isotopomers of n-pentane and cyclopentane) have been characterized using NMR spectroscopy following photolysis of Cp'Re(CO)3 in the appropriate alkane at 163-193 K. In the case of n-pentane, three different complexes are observed corresponding to binding of the three different types of carbon in this alkane. ROESY NMR experiments indicate that these isomeric complexes are slowly interconverting intramolecularly at 173 K. The order of the energetically preferred site of coordination is methylene (C2) approximately central methylene (C3) > methyl (C1) but with a spread of <0.2 kcal mol-1. Isotopic perturbation of resonance (IPR) experiments, conducted on several isotopomers of (i-PrCp)Re(CO)2(1-pentane), showed a large shielding of the 1H NMR chemical shift of the proton in a bound CHD2 moiety (delta -3.62) and CH2D (delta -2.64) compared with that of a bound CH3 moiety (delta -1.99). Likewise, the value of 1JCH for the coordinated methyl group of isotopomers of (i-PrCp)Re(CO)2(1-pentane) reduces in the order CH3 > CH2D > CHD2. This suggests that the alkane coordinates in an eta2-C,H fashion with a rapid exchange of bound hydrogen or deuterium within a methyl or methylene group, and that binding of a hydrogen atom is preferred over a deuterium by an amount of 0.23 +/- 0.03 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Lawes
- NMR Facility and School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Pidko E, Kazansky V. σ-Type ethane adsorption complexes with Cu+ions in Cu(i)-ZSM-5 zeolite. Combined DRIFTS and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1939-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b418498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Darensbourg DJ, Murphy MA. Solution photosubstitution chemistry of amine pentacarbonyl derivatives of the Group 6B metals in the presence of carbon-13 monoxide. An example of stereospecific incorporation of carbon-13 monoxide. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50182a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Lugovskoy A, Paur-Afshari R, Schultz RH. Reaction of the Transient Species W(CO)5(Cyclohexane) with Cyclo-C4HnO (n = 4, 6, 8) Studied by Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0014465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lugovskoy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Riki Paur-Afshari
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
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14
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Grills DC, Sun XZ, Childs GI, George MW. An Investigation into the Reactivity of Organometallic Noble Gas Complexes: A Time-Resolved Infrared Study in Supercritical Noble Gas and Alkane Solution at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993736v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Grills
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xue Z. Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Gavin I. Childs
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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15
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Shimoi M, Nagai SI, Ichikawa M, Kawano Y, Katoh K, Uruichi M, Ogino H. Coordination Compounds of Monoborane−Lewis Base Adducts: Syntheses and Structures of [M(CO)5(η1-BH3·L)] (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = NMe3, PMe3, PPh3). J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990828p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Shimoi
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Nagai
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuro Kawano
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kinji Katoh
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mikio Uruichi
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogino
- Contribution from the Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Leadbeater N. Enlightening organometallic chemistry: the photochemistry of Fe(CO)5 and the reaction chemistry of unsaturated iron carbonyl fragments. Coord Chem Rev 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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18
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Gutmann M, Janello JM, Dickebohm MS, Grossekathöfer M, Lindener-Roenneke J. Ultrafast Dynamics of Transition Metal Carbonyls: Photodissociation of Cr(CO)6 and Cr(CO)6·(CH3OH)n Heteroclusters at 280 nm. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9803081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Luxemburger Strasse 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Janello
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Luxemburger Strasse 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Markus S. Dickebohm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Luxemburger Strasse 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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19
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Sun XZ, Grills DC, Nikiforov SM, Poliakoff M, George MW. Remarkable Stability of (η5-C5H5)Re(CO)2L (L = n-Heptane, Xe, and Kr): A Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopic Study of (η5-C5H5)Re(CO)3 in Conventional and Supercritical Fluid Solution. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhong Sun
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David C. Grills
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sergei M. Nikiforov
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martyn Poliakoff
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of York YO1 5DD, U.K
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21
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Burkey T. Photoacoustic calorimetry studies of ligand-exchange of aliphatic amines with Cr(CO)6: Steric effects and hydrogen bonding. Polyhedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Albini A, Fasani E. Contrasting photosubstitution reactions of diazanorbornene-chromium and -tungsten pentacarbonyls. J Organomet Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(84)80534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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24
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Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Pathways for Ligand Substitution Processes in Metal Carbonyls. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(08)60379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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26
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27
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Krausz P, Garnier F, Dubois JE. Reaction de metathese des olefines induite photochimiquement en presence d'un complexe de metal de transition. J Organomet Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)82140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Von Gustorf EAK, Leenders LH, Fischler I, Perutz RN. Aspects of Organo-Transition-Metal Photochemistry and their Biological Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2792(08)60071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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29
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Braterman P. Transition Metal-Organic Chemistr Physical Methods and Results of General Interest, 1973. J Organomet Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)89239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Chromium, molybdenum and tungsten. J Organomet Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(74)80009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Darensbourg DJ, York Darensbourg M. Chromium, molybdenum and tungsten annual servey covering the year 1973. J Organomet Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)88168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kelly JM, Bent DV, Hermann H, Schultefrohlinde D, von Gustorf EK. Pentacarbonylchromium-solvent complexes. J Organomet Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)90245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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