1
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Wan Q, Chen K, Dong X, Ruan X, Yi H, Chen S. Elucidating the Underlying Reactivities of Alternating Current Electrosynthesis by Time-Resolved Mapping of Short-Lived Reactive Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306460. [PMID: 37593930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternating current (AC) electrolysis is an emerging field in synthetic chemistry, however its mechanistic studies are challenged by the effective characterization of the elusive intermediate processes. Herein, we develop an operando electrochemical mass spectrometry platform that allows time-resolved mapping of stepwise electrosynthetic reactive intermediates in both direct current and alternating current modes. By dissecting the key intermediate processes of electrochemical functionalization of arylamines, the unique reactivities of AC electrosynthesis, including minimizing the over-oxidation/reduction through the inverse process, and enabling effective reaction of short-lived intermediates generated by oxidation and reduction in paired electrolysis, were evidenced and verified. Notably, the controlled kinetics of reactive N-centered radical intermediates in multistep sequential AC electrosynthesis to minimize the competing reactions was discovered. Overall, this work provides direct evidence for the mechanism of AC electrolysis, and clarifies the underlying reasons for its high efficiency, which will benefit the rational design of AC electrosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Wan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xianqin Ruan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Suming Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang X, Chen QF, Deng J, Xu X, Zhan J, Du HY, Yu Z, Li M, Zhang MT, Shao Y. Identifying Metal-Oxo/Peroxo Intermediates in Catalytic Water Oxidation by In Situ Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17748-17752. [PMID: 36149317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis of water oxidation has been intensively investigated, but its mechanism is still not yet fully understood. This study aims at capturing and identifying key short-lived intermediates directly during the water oxidation catalyzed by a cobalt-tetraamido macrocyclic ligand complex using a newly developed an in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) method. Two key ligand-centered-oxidation intermediates, [(L2-)CoIIIOH] and [(L2-)CoIIIOOH], were directly observed for the first time, and further confirmed by 18O-labeling and collision-induced dissociation studies. These experimental results further confirmed the rationality of the water nucleophilic attack mechanism for the single-site water oxidation catalysis. This work also demonstrated that such an in situ EC-MS method is a promising analytical tool for redox catalytic processes, not only limited to water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi-Fa Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintao Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jirui Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao-Yi Du
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengyou Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meixian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Tang S, Chen X, Ke Y, Wang F, Yan X. Voltage-Controlled Divergent Cascade of Electrochemical Reactions for Characterization of Lipids at Multiple Isomer Levels Using Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12750-12756. [PMID: 36087069 PMCID: PMC10386884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cascading divergent reactions in a single system is highly desirable for their intrinsic efficiency and potential to achieve multilevel structural characterization of complex biomolecules. In this work, two electrochemical reactions, interfacial electro-epoxidation and cobalt anodic corrosion, are divergently cascaded in nanoelectrospray (nESI) and can be switched at different voltages. We applied these reactions to lipid identification at multiple isomer levels using mass spectrometry (MS), which remains a great challenge in structural lipidomics. The divergent cascade reactions in situ derivatize lipids to produce epoxidized lipids and cobalt-adducted lipids at different voltages. These lipids are then fragmented upon low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID), generating diagnostic fragments to indicate C═C locations and sn-positions that cannot be achieved by the low-energy CID of native lipids. We have demonstrated that lipid structural isomers show significantly different profiles in the analysis of healthy and cancerous mouse prostate samples using this strategy. The application of divergent cascade reactions in lipid identification allows the four-in-one analysis of lipid headgroups, fatty acyl chains, C═C locations, and sn-positions simply by tuning the nESI voltages within a single experiment. This feature as well as its low sample consumption, no need for an extra apparatus, and quantitative analysis capability show its great potential in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yuepeng Ke
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Fen Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Queiroz AC, Souza ML, Camilo MR, Silva WO, Cantane DA, Messias I, Pinto MR, Nagao R, Lima FHB. Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry: Evolutions of the Cell Setup for On‐line Investigation of Products and Screening of Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanderson O. Silva
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Igor Messias
- University of Campinas Institute of Chemistry BRAZIL
| | | | - Raphael Nagao
- University of Campinas Institute of Chemistry BRAZIL
| | - Fabio H. B Lima
- Universidade de Sao Paulo - Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos Físico-Química Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense, 400Centro 13566-590 São Carlos BRAZIL
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5
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Freitas D, Chen X, Cheng H, Davis A, Fallon B, Yan X. Recent Advances of In-Source Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2021; 86:434-445. [PMID: 33689239 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyphenation of electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool to study redox processes. Approaches that can achieve this hyphenation include integrating chromatography/electrophoresis between electroinduced redox reactions and detection of products, coupling an EC flow cell to a mass spectrometer, and performing electrochemical reactions inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The first two approaches have been well reviewed elsewhere. This Minireview highlights the inherent electrochemical properties of many mass spectrometry ion sources and their roles in the coupling of electrochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis. Development of modified ion sources that allow the compatibility of electrochemistry with ionization processes is also surveyed. Applications of different in-source electrochemical devices are provided including intermediate capturing, bioanalytical studies, nanoparticle formation, electrosynthesis, and electrode imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Austin Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Blake Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX 77843, USA
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6
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Hu J, Zhang N, Zhang P, Chen Y, Xia X, Chen H, Xu J. Coupling a Wireless Bipolar Ultramicroelectrode with Nano‐electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Insights into the Ultrafast Initial Step of Electrochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pan‐Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Xing‐Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong‐Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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7
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Hu J, Zhang N, Zhang P, Chen Y, Xia X, Chen H, Xu J. Coupling a Wireless Bipolar Ultramicroelectrode with Nano‐electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Insights into the Ultrafast Initial Step of Electrochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18244-18248. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pan‐Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166 China
| | - Xing‐Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong‐Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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8
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Wilson KR, Prophet AM, Rovelli G, Willis MD, Rapf RJ, Jacobs MI. A kinetic description of how interfaces accelerate reactions in micro-compartments. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8533-8545. [PMID: 34123113 PMCID: PMC8163377 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic expression is derived to explain how interfaces alter bulk chemical equilibria and accelerate reactions in micro-compartments. This description, aided by the development of a stochastic model, quantitatively predicts previous experimental observations of accelerated imine synthesis in micron-sized emulsions. The expression accounts for how reactant concentration and compartment size together lead to accelerated reaction rates under micro-confinement. These rates do not depend solely on concentration, but rather the fraction of total molecules in the compartment that are at the interface. Although there are ∼107 to 1013 solute molecules in a typical micro-compartment, a kind of "stochasticity" appears when compartment size and reagent concentration yield nearly equal numbers of bulk and interfacial molecules. Although this is distinct from the stochasticity produced by nano-confinement, these results show how interfaces can govern chemical transformations in larger atmospheric, geologic and biological compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander M Prophet
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA .,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Grazia Rovelli
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Megan D Willis
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Rebecca J Rapf
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Michael I Jacobs
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Frank‐Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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10
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Tang S, Cheng H, Yan X. On‐Demand Electrochemical Epoxidation in Nano‐Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Locate Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:209-214. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Tang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 580 Ross St. College Station TX 77845 USA
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 580 Ross St. College Station TX 77845 USA
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 580 Ross St. College Station TX 77845 USA
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11
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On‐Demand Electrochemical Epoxidation in Nano‐Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Locate Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Zhao P, Zare RN, Chen H. Absolute Quantitation of Oxidizable Peptides by Coulometric Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2398-2407. [PMID: 31429055 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantitation methods for peptides using mass spectrometry have advanced rapidly. These methods rely on using standard and/or isotope-labeled peptides, which might be difficult or expensive to synthesize. To tackle this challenge, we present a new approach for absolute quantitation without the use of standards or calibration curves based on coulometry combined with mass spectrometry (MS). In this approach, which we call coulometric mass spectrometry (CMS), the mass spectrum of a target peptide containing one or more tyrosine residues is recorded before and after undergoing electrochemical oxidation. We record the total integrated oxidation current from the electrochemical measurement, which according to the Faraday's Law of coulometry, provides the number of moles of oxidized peptide. The ion intensity ratio of the target peptide before and after oxidation provides an excellent estimate of the fraction of the peptide that has been oxidized, from which the total amount of peptide is calculated. The striking strength of CMS is that it needs no standard peptide, but CMS does require the peptide to contain a known number of oxidizable groups. To illustrate the power of this method, we analyzed various tyrosine-containing peptides such as GGYR, DRVY, oxytocin, [Arg8]-vasotocin and angiotensinogen 1-14 with a quantification error ranging from - 7.5 to + 2.4%. This approach is also applicable to quantifying phosphopeptides and could be useful in proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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13
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Omari I, Randhawa P, Randhawa J, Yu J, McIndoe JS. Structure, Anion, and Solvent Effects on Cation Response in ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1750-1757. [PMID: 31218572 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of an ion in an electrospray ionization mass spectrum is dependent on many factors beyond just solution concentration. Even in cases where the analytes of interest are permanently charged (under study here are ammonium and phosphonium ions) and do not rely on protonation or other chemical processes to acquire the necessary charge, factors such as cation structure, molecular weight, solvent, and the identity of the anion can affect results. Screening of a variety of combinations of cations, anions, and solvents provided insight into some of the more important factors. Rigid cations and anions that conferred high conductivity tended to provide the highest responses. The solvent that most closely reflected actual solution composition was acetonitrile, while methanol, acetonitrile/water, and dichloromethane produced a higher degree of discrimination between different ions. Functional groups that had affinity for the solvent tended to depress response. These observations will provide predictive power when accounting for analytes that for reasons of high reactivity can not be isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Omari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jaiya Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jenny Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - J Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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14
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Gu C, Nie X, Jiang J, Chen Z, Dong Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhu Z, Liu J, Liu X, Shao Y. Mechanistic Study of Oxygen Reduction at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces by Hybrid Ultramicroelectrodes and Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13212-13221. [PMID: 31353892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions at various interfaces (liquid/membrane, solid/electrolyte, liquid/liquid) lie at the heart of many processes in biology and chemistry. Mechanistic study can provide profound understanding of PCET and rational design of new systems. However, most mechanisms of PCET reactions at a liquid/liquid interface have been proposed based on electrochemical and spectroscopic data, which lack direct evidence for possible intermediates. Moreover, a liquid/liquid interface as one type of soft interface is dynamic, making the investigation of interfacial reactions very challenging. Herein a novel electrochemistry method coupled to mass spectrometry (EC-MS) was introduced for in situ study of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by ferrocene (Fc) under catalysis from cobalt tetraphenylporphine (CoTPP) at liquid/liquid interfaces. The key units are two types of gel hybrid ultramicroelectrodes (agar-gel/organic hybrid ultramicroelectrodes and water/PVC-gel hybrid ultramicroelectrodes), which were made based on dual micro- or nanopipettes. A solidified liquid/liquid interface can be formed at the tip of these pipettes, and it serves as both an electrochemical cell and a nanospray emitter for mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the solidified L/L interfaces were very similar to typical L/L interfaces. Key CoTPP intermediates of the ORR at the liquid/liquid interfaces were identified for the first time, and the four-electron oxygen reduction pathway predominated, which provides valuable insights into the mechanism of the ORR. Theoretical simulation has further supported the possibility of formation of intermediates. This type of platform is promising for in situ tracking and identifying intermediates to study complicated reactions at liquid/liquid interfaces or other soft interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xin Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiezhang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zifei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhengyou Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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15
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Song L, Xu J, Zhong D, Chingin K, Qu Y, Chen H. Rapid detection of metal impurities on the surfaces of intact objects with irregular shapes using electrochemical mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:3505-3510. [PMID: 30984959 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New approaches are demanded in daily life and industry for the rapid inspection of chemical impurities on various objects, particularly those with irregular shapes. Herein, an analytical strategy combining electrochemistry (EC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed for the direct inspection of metal impurities on various objects which are commonly used in daily life and industry. An intact object (e.g., necklace, bearing, ring) was immersed in an electrolytic cell containing EDTA/acetonitrile/water solution at appropriate potentials to form metal ions. The formed metal ions were instantly chelated with specific ligands (e.g. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and sampled for online electrospray ionization (ESI) with high-resolution MS detection. The unique feature of the method is that metal speciation information can be obtained even when just a metal impurity (e.g., Pb, Ni) is localized on a hard-to-reach tiny spot on the inner surface of objects with extremely irregular shapes. A single sample analysis requires less than 10 minutes, regardless of the object shape. The limit of detection is 0.05 ppb with sample consumption on the nanogram level. The experimental results demonstrate that the method is promising for the non-destructive quality and safety inspection of metal impurities on virtually any kinds of objects with high chemical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Dacai Zhong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Konstantin Chingin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Qu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zeng W, Huang L, Liu W, Jia E, Zhao Y, Wang F, Zhu Z. In Situ Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: A Surprisingly Soft Ionization Process for Investigation of Halide Ion Hydration. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7039-7046. [PMID: 30950268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of ion solvation phenomena is of significance due to their influences on many important chemical, biological, and environmental processes. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have been used to investigate this topic with molecular insights. As ion-solvent interactions are weak, ionization processes should be as soft as possible in order to retain solvation structures. An in situ liquid secondary ion MS (SIMS) approach developed in our group has been recently utilized in investigations of Li ion solvation in nonaqueous solution, and it detected a series of solvated Li ions. As traditionally SIMS has long been recognized as a hard ionization process with strong damage occurring at the sputtering interface, it is very interesting to study further how soft in situ liquid SIMS can be. In this work, we used halide ion hydration as an example to compare the ionization performance of the in situ liquid SIMS approach with regular electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS). Results show that, although ESI has been recognized as a soft ionization method, nearly no solvated halide ions were detected by ESI-MS analysis, which acquired only strong signals of salt ion clusters. In contrast, in liquid SIMS spectra, a series of obvious hydrated halide ion compositions could be observed. We further evaluated the hydration numbers of halide ions and revealed the effects of the ion size, charge density, and polarizability on the hydration phenomenon. Our findings demonstrated that the in situ liquid SIMS approach is surprisingly soft, and it is expected to have very broad applications on investigation of various ion-solvent interactions and many other interesting chemical processes (e.g., the initial nucleation of nanoparticle formation) in liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenjuan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Liuqin Huang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Endong Jia
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,The Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System , Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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17
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Wang JG, Zhang Y, Yu X, Hua X, Wang F, Long YT, Zhu Z. Direct Molecular Evidence of Proton Transfer and Mass Dynamics at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:251-258. [PMID: 30561218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer has been widely regarded as a key step in many electrochemical and biological processes. However, direct molecular evidence has long been lacking. In this work, we chose the electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen (APAP) as a model system and utilized in situ liquid time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) to molecularly examine proton solvation and transfer in this process. In addition, we successfully captured and identified the transient radical intermediate, providing solid molecular evidence to resolve an important debate in electron transfer-proton transfer oxidation mechanism of APAP. Moreover, the potential-dependent behaviors of both inert ions and electroactive species during the dynamic potential scanning were chemically monitored in real time and the mass diffusion mechanism regarding the electroactive and nonelectroactive species was revealed under polarized conditions. The results are consistent with our computer simulations. The observations in this work greatly improved our understanding of proton transfer and mass dynamics occurring at the electrode-electrolyte interface in complex electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Zihua Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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18
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Narayanan R, Basuri P, Jana SK, Mahendranath A, Bose S, Pradeep T. In situ monitoring of electrochemical reactions through CNT-assisted paper cell mass spectrometry. Analyst 2019; 144:5404-5412. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel method of coupling electrochemistry (EC) with mass spectrometry (MS) is illustrated with a paper-based electrochemical cell supported by carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Narayanan
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Ananthu Mahendranath
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Sandeep Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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19
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Investigation of Chlorpyrifos and Its Transformation Products in Fruits and Spices by Combining Electrochemistry and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Mekonnen TF, Panne U, Koch M. Prediction of biotransformation products of the fungicide fluopyram by electrochemistry coupled online to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison with in vitro microsomal assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2607-2617. [PMID: 29455286 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation processes of fluopyram (FLP), a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, were investigated by electrochemistry (EC) coupled online to liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Oxidative phase I metabolite production was achieved using an electrochemical flow-through cell equipped with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Structural elucidation and prediction of oxidative metabolism pathways were assured by retention time, isotopic patterns, fragmentation, and accurate mass measurements using EC/LC/MS, LC-MS/MS, and/or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The results obtained by EC were compared with conventional in vitro studies by incubating FLP with rat and human liver microsomes (RLM, HLM). Known phase I metabolites of FLP (benzamide, benzoic acid, 7-hydroxyl, 8-hydroxyl, 7,8-dihydroxyl FLP, lactam FLP, pyridyl acetic acid, and Z/E-olefin FLP) were successfully simulated by EC/LC/MS. New metabolites including an imide, hydroxyl lactam, and 7-hydroxyl pyridyl acetic acid oxidative metabolites were predicted for the first time in our study using EC/LC/MS and liver microsomes. We found oxidation by dechlorination to be one of the major metabolism mechanisms of FLP. Thus, our results revealed that EC/LC/MS-based metabolic elucidation was more advantageous on time and cost of analysis and enabled matrix-free detection with valuable information about the mechanisms and intermediates of metabolism processes. Graphical abstract Oxidative metabolism of fluopyram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessema F Mekonnen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Panne
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Koch
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Chai Y, Chen H, Liu X, Lu C. Degradation of the Neonicotinoid Pesticides in the Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Source. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:373-381. [PMID: 29260456 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticide standards (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) by mass spectrometry, the degradation of these pesticides (M-C=N-R is degraded into M-C=O, M is the skeleton moiety, and R is NO2 or CN) was observed in the atmospheric pressure ionization interfaces (ESI and APCI). In APCI, the degradation of all the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied took place, and the primary mechanism was in-source ion/molecule reaction, in which a molecule of water (confirmed by use of H218O) attacked the carbon of the imine group accompanying with loss of NH2R (R=NO2, CN). For the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=NO2, including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid), higher auxiliary gas heater temperature also contributed to their degradation in APCI due to in-source pyrolysis. The degradation of the five neonicotinoid pesticides studied in ESI was not significant. In ESI, only the nitroguanidine neonicotinoid pesticides could generate the degradation products through in-source fragmentation mechanism. The degradation of cyanoamidine neonicotinoid pesticides (R=CN, including acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in ESI was not observed. The degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides in the ion source of mass spectrometer renders some adverse consequences, such as difficulty interpreting the full-scan mass spectrum, reducing the sensitivity and accuracy of quantitative analysis, and misleading whether these pesticides have degraded in the real samples. Therefore, a clear understanding of these unusual degradation reactions should facilitate the analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides by atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tea (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tea (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tea (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tea (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Vandeput M, Rodríguez-Gómez R, Izere AM, Zafra-Gómez A, De Braekeleer K, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Kauffmann JM. Electrochemical Studies of Ethoxyquin and its Determination in Salmon Samples by Flow Injection Analysis with an Amperometric Dual Detector. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vandeput
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Ange-Michaëlla Izere
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Granada; Campus of Fuentenueva E-18071 Granada Spain
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
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23
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Liu SJ, Yu ZW, Qiao L, Liu BH. Electrochemistry-mass spectrometry for mechanism study of oxygen reduction at water/oil interface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46669. [PMID: 28436495 PMCID: PMC5402391 DOI: 10.1038/srep46669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemistry methods have been widely employed in the development of renewable energy, and involved in various processes, e.g. water splitting and oxygen reduction. Remarkable progress notwithstanding, there are still many challenges in further optimization of catalysts to achieve high performance. For this purpose, an in-depth understanding of reaction mechanism is needed. In this study, an electrochemistry-mass spectrometry method based on a Y-shaped dual-channel microchip as electrochemical cell and ionization device was demonstrated. Combined solutions of aqueous phase and oil phase were introduced into mass spectrometer directly when electrochemical reactions were happening to study the reduction of oxygen by decamethylferrocene or tetrathiafulvalene under the catalysis of a metal-free porphyrin, tetraphenylporphyrin, at water/1,2-dichloroethane interfaces. Monoprotonated and diprotonated tetraphenylporphyrin were detected by mass spectrometer, confirming the previously proposed mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction. This work offers a new approach to study electrochemical reactions at liquid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
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24
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Cheng H, Yan X, Zare RN. Two New Devices for Identifying Electrochemical Reaction Intermediates with Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3191-3198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
- College
of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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25
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Yuill EM, Baker LA. Electrochemical Aspects of Mass Spectrometry: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Ambient Ionization for Bioanalysis. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Yuill
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry; Indiana University; 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
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26
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Lu J, Hua X, Long YT. Recent advances in real-time and in situ analysis of an electrode–electrolyte interface by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2017; 142:691-699. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Novelty: Recent advances in real-time and in situ monitoring of an electrode–electrolyte interface by mass spectrometry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusheng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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27
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wu K, Thevuthasan S, Baer DR, Zhu Z, Yu XY, Wang F. In Situ Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of the Dynamic Electrochemical Process at the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface: a SIMS Approach. Anal Chem 2016; 89:960-965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Kui Wu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass
Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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28
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Qiu R, Zhang X, Luo H, Shao Y. Mass spectrometric snapshots for electrochemical reactions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6684-6688. [PMID: 28451110 PMCID: PMC5355862 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid ultramicroelectrode containing one micro-carbon electrode and one empty micro-channel was employed to be a micro-electrochemical cell and a mass spectrometric nanospray emitter. This setup can combine MS with an electrode directly and provide in situ information about an electrochemical reaction. The mechanisms proposed by Bard et al. for a Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system were confirmed by the MS detection of key intermediates. The short-lived diimine intermediate of electrochemical oxidation of uric acid was also detected, which affirms that the novel technique is able to catch fleeting intermediates. These experimental results demonstrate that this new method is simple, easy to implement and can be coupled with many commercial mass spectrometric instruments to provide very useful information about electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China . ;
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China . ;
| | - Hai Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China . ;
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China . ;
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29
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Weber G. Electrochemistry Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Investigating Oxidative Metabolism of Pt-Based Drug Conjugates: A Novel Approach. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Weber
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V.; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b 44227 Dortmund Germany
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30
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Zheng Q, Zhang H, Wu S, Chen H. Probing Protein 3D Structures and Conformational Changes Using Electrochemistry-Assisted Isotope Labeling Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:864-875. [PMID: 26902947 PMCID: PMC4841728 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (MS) method in combination with electrochemistry and isotope labeling strategy for probing both protein three-dimensional (3D) structures and conformational changes. For the former purpose, the target protein/protein complex is cross-linked with equal mole of premixed light and heavy isotope labeled cross-linkers carrying electrochemically reducible disulfide bonds (i.e., DSP-d0 and DSP-d8 in this study, DSP = dithiobis[succinimidyl propionate]), digested and then electrochemically reduced followed with online MS analysis. Cross-links can be quickly identified because of their reduced intensities upon electrolysis and the presence of doublet isotopic peak characteristics. In addition, electroreduction converts cross-links into linear peptides, facilitating MS/MS analysis to gain increased information about their sequences and modification sites. For the latter purpose of probing protein conformational changes, an altered procedure is adopted, in which the protein in two different conformations is cross-linked using DSP-d0 and DSP-d8 separately, and then the two protein samples are mixed in 1:1 molar ratio. The merged sample is subjected to digestion and electrochemical mass spectrometric analysis. In such a comparative cross-linking experiment, cross-links could still be rapidly recognized based on their responses to electrolysis. More importantly, the ion intensity ratios of light and heavy isotope labeled cross-links reveal the conformational changes of the protein, as exemplified by examining the effect of Ca(2+) on calmodulin conformation alternation. This new cross-linking MS method is fast and would have high value in structural biology. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Cai Y, Liu P, Held MA, Dewald HD, Chen H. Coupling Electrochemistry with Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1104-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Michael A. Held
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Howard D. Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
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32
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Zabel R, Weber G. Comparative study of the oxidation behavior of sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione by electrochemistry-mass spectrometry in the presence and absence of cisplatin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1237-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Liu YM, Perry RH. Paper-Based Electrochemical Cell Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1702-1712. [PMID: 26311335 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
On-line coupling of electrochemistry (EC) to mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful approach for identifying intermediates and products of EC reactions in situ. In addition, EC transformations have been used to increase ionization efficiency and derivatize analytes prior to MS, improving sensitivity and chemical specificity. Recently, there has been significant interest in developing paper-based electroanalytical devices as they offer convenience, low cost, versatility, and simplicity. This report describes the development of tubular and planar paper-based electrochemical cells (P-EC) coupled to sonic spray ionization (SSI) mass spectrometry (P-EC/SSI-MS). The EC cells are composed of paper sandwiched between two mesh stainless steel electrodes. Analytes and reagents can be added directly to the paper substrate along with electrolyte, or delivered via the SSI microdroplet spray. The EC cells are decoupled from the SSI source, allowing independent control of electrical and chemical parameters. We utilized P-EC/SSI-MS to characterize various EC reactions such as oxidations of cysteine, dopamine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and diphenyl sulfide. Our results show that P-EC/SSI-MS has the ability to increase ionization efficiency, to perform online EC transformations, and to capture intermediates of EC reactions with a response time on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. The short response time allowed detection of a deprotonated diphenyl sulfide intermediate, which experimentally confirms a previously proposed mechanism for EC oxidation of diphenyl sulfide to pseudodimer sulfonium ion. This report introduces paper-based EC/MS via development of two device configurations (tubular and planar electrodes), as well as discusses the capabilities, performance, and limitations of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Richard H Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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34
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35
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Adduct formation of electrochemically generated reactive intermediates with biomolecules. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Brown TA, Chen H, Zare RN. Identification of Fleeting Electrochemical Reaction Intermediates Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7274-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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37
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Niether C, Rau M, Cremers C, Jones D, Pinkwart K, Tübke J. Development of a novel experimental DEMS set-up for electrocatalyst characterization under working conditions of high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Diamond nanowires: a novel platform for electrochemistry and matrix-free mass spectrometry. SENSORS 2015; 15:12573-93. [PMID: 26024422 PMCID: PMC4507696 DOI: 10.3390/s150612573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, carbon-based nanostructures have generated a huge interest from both fundamental and technological viewpoints owing to their physicochemical characteristics, markedly different from their corresponding bulk states. Among these nanostructured materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and more recently graphene and its derivatives, hold a central position. The large amount of work devoted to these materials is driven not only by their unique mechanical and electrical properties, but also by the advances made in synthetic methods to produce these materials in large quantities with reasonably controllable morphologies. While much less studied than CNTs and graphene, diamond nanowires, the diamond analogue of CNTs, hold promise for several important applications. Diamond nanowires display several advantages such as chemical inertness, high mechanical strength, high thermal and electrical conductivity, together with proven biocompatibility and existence of various strategies to functionalize their surface. The unique physicochemical properties of diamond nanowires have generated wide interest for their use as fillers in nanocomposites, as light detectors and emitters, as substrates for nanoelectronic devices, as tips for scanning probe microscopy as well as for sensing applications. In the past few years, studies on boron-doped diamond nanowires (BDD NWs) focused on increasing their electrochemical active surface area to achieve higher sensitivity and selectivity compared to planar diamond interfaces. The first part of the present review article will cover the promising applications of BDD NWS for label-free sensing. Then, the potential use of diamond nanowires as inorganic substrates for matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, a powerful label-free approach for quantification and identification of small compounds, will be discussed.
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39
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van den Brink FTG, Büter L, Odijk M, Olthuis W, Karst U, van den Berg A. Mass Spectrometric Detection of Short-Lived Drug Metabolites Generated in an Electrochemical Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1527-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503384e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floris T. G. van den Brink
- BIOS
− Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Büter
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS
− Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS
− Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS
− Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and
MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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40
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Zheng Q, Zhang H, Tong L, Wu S, Chen H. Cross-linking electrochemical mass spectrometry for probing protein three-dimensional structures. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8983-91. [PMID: 25141260 PMCID: PMC4165463 DOI: 10.1021/ac501526n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is powerful to provide protein three-dimensional structure information but difficulties in identifying cross-linked peptides and elucidating their structures limit its usefulness. To tackle these challenges, this study presents a novel cross-linking MS in conjunction with electrochemistry using disulfide-bond-containing dithiobis[succinimidyl propionate] (DSP) as the cross-linker. In our approach, electrolysis of DSP-bridged protein/peptide products, as online monitored by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is highly informative. First, as disulfide bonds are electrochemically reducible, the cross-links are subject to pronounced intensity decrease upon electrolytic reduction, suggesting a new way to identify cross-links. Also, mass shift before and after electrolysis suggests the linkage pattern of cross-links. Electrochemical reduction removes disulfide bond constraints, possibly increasing sequence coverage for tandem MS analysis and yielding linear peptides whose structures are more easily determined than their cross-linked precursor peptides. Furthermore, this cross-linking electrochemical MS method is rapid, due to the fast nature of electrochemical conversion (much faster than traditional chemical reduction) and no need for chromatographic separation, which would be of high value for structural proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lingying Tong
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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41
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Alvarez de Eulate E, Qiao L, Scanlon MD, Girault HH, Arrigan DWM. Fingerprinting the tertiary structure of electroadsorbed lysozyme at soft interfaces by electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11829-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05545d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Smoluch M, Mielczarek P, Reszke E, Hieftje GM, Silberring J. Determination of psychostimulants and their metabolites by electrochemistry linked on-line to flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:4350-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Espy RD, Wleklinski M, Yan X, Cooks RG. Beyond the flask: Reactions on the fly in ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Liu P, Zhang J, Ferguson CN, Chen H, Loo JA. Measuring protein-ligand interactions using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11966-72. [PMID: 24237005 PMCID: PMC3901310 DOI: 10.1021/ac402906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is able to measure large proteins and noncovalently bound protein complexes (to 150 kDa) (Ferguson et al., Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 6468-6473). In this study, we further investigate the application of liquid sample DESI-MS to probe protein-ligand interactions. Liquid sample DESI allows the direct formation of intact protein-ligand complex ions by spraying ligands toward separate protein sample solutions. This type of "reactive" DESI methodology can provide rapid information on binding stiochiometry, selectivity, and kinetics, as demonstrated by the binding of ribonuclease A (RNaseA, 13.7 kDa) with cytidine nucleotide ligands and the binding of lysozyme (14.3 kDa) with acetyl chitose ligands. A higher throughput method for ligand screening by liquid sample DESI was demonstrated, in which different ligands were sequentially injected as a segmented flow for DESI ionization. Furthermore, supercharging to enhance analyte charge can be integrated with liquid sample DESI-MS, without interfering with the formation of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carly N. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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