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Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG). The continuous increase of CO2 concentration and its long atmospheric lifetime may cause long-term negative effects on the climate. It is important to develop technologies to capture and minimize those emissions into the atmosphere. The objective of this work is to design and study theoretically and experimentally a numbering-up/scale-out membrane microreactor in order to be used as a capture system. The main aim of the work is to obtain an even flow distribution at each plate of the reactor. Nearly uniform flow distribution was achieved at each layer of the numbering-up microreactor according to the carried-out CFD models. The maximum difference between the average velocities was less than 6% for both gas and liquid flows. To obtain better flow distribution into the microreactor, the radius of the inlet/outlet tube was optimized. Results from CFD and experimental simulations do not match, and slightly maldistribution in achieved in the experimental system due to phase breakthrough and imperfections on the fabrication of the plates. Moreover, comparing the single channel microreactor to the scale-out microreactor, the latter showed poorer performance on CO2 removal while expecting the reactors to have similar performance. By installing inserts with different channel widths, the experimental results were identical to the original case.
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Hafeez S, Safdar T, Pallari E, Manos G, Aristodemou E, Zhang Z, Al-Salem SM, Constantinou A. CO2 capture using membrane contactors: a systematic literature review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWith fossil fuel being the major source of energy, CO2 emission levels need to be reduced to a minimal amount namely from anthropogenic sources. Energy consumption is expected to rise by 48% in the next 30 years, and global warming is becoming an alarming issue which needs to be addressed on a thorough technical basis. Nonetheless, exploring CO2 capture using membrane contactor technology has shown great potential to be applied and utilised by industry to deal with post- and pre-combustion of CO2. A systematic review of the literature has been conducted to analyse and assess CO2 removal using membrane contactors for capturing techniques in industrial processes. The review began with a total of 2650 papers, which were obtained from three major databases, and then were excluded down to a final number of 525 papers following a defined set of criteria. The results showed that the use of hollow fibre membranes have demonstrated popularity, as well as the use of amine solvents for CO2 removal. This current systematic review in CO2 removal and capture is an important milestone in the synthesis of up to date research with the potential to serve as a benchmark databank for further research in similar areas of work. This study provides the first systematic enquiry in the evidence to research further sustainable methods to capture and separate CO2.
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Hafeez S, Aristodemou E, Manos G, Al-Salem SM, Constantinou A. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and reaction modelling study of bio-oil catalytic hydrodeoxygenation in microreactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was derived and validated in order to investigate the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of 4-propylguaiacol, which is a lignin-derived compound present in bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Hafeez
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
| | - Elsa Aristodemou
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
| | - George Manos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WCIE 7JE
- UK
| | - S. M. Al-Salem
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
- Safat 13109
- Kuwait
| | - Achilleas Constantinou
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
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Constantinou A, Wu G, Venezia B, Ellis P, Kuhn S, Gavriilidis A. Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in a Continuous Catalytic Membrane Reactor. Top Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghadiri M, Rezakazemi M, Shirazian S. Numerical Simulation of Acetone Stripping from Water in a Microchannel Device. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghadiri
- Islamic Azad University Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch 16846-13114 Tehran Iran
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Shahrood University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering Shahrood Iran
| | - Saeed Shirazian
- Ton Duc Thang University Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Ton Duc Thang University Faculty of Applied Sciences Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Dyrda KM, Grinschek F, Rabsch G, Haas-Santo K, Dittmeyer R. Development of a microsieve based micro contactor for gas/liquid phase separation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fornells E, Hilder EF, Breadmore MC. Preconcentration by solvent removal: techniques and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1715-1727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hafeez S, Manos G, Al-Salem SM, Aristodemou E, Constantinou A. Liquid fuel synthesis in microreactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth review of microreactors for the intensification of the liquid fuel production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Hafeez
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
| | - George Manos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WCIE 7JE
- UK
| | - S. M. Al-Salem
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
- Safat 13109
- Kuwait
| | - Elsa Aristodemou
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
| | - Achilleas Constantinou
- Division of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London SE1 0AA
- UK
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Constantinou A, Wu G, Corredera A, Ellis P, Bethell D, Hutchings GJ, Kuhn S, Gavriilidis A. Continuous Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in a Ceramic Membrane Packed-Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Constantinou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Division
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gaowei Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Corredera
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ellis
- Johnson Matthey, Blounts
Court Road, Reading, RG4
9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Bethell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Hummel W, Gröger H. Strategies for regeneration of nicotinamide coenzymes emphasizing self-sufficient closed-loop recycling systems. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:22-31. [PMID: 25102236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reduction reactions depending on nicotinamide coenzymes require an additional reaction to regenerate the consumed cofactor. For preparative application the preferred method is the simultaneous coupling of an in situ regeneration reaction. There are different strategically advantageous routes to achieve this goal. The standard method uses a second enzyme and a second co-substrate, for example formate and formate dehydrogenase or glucose and glucose dehydrogenase. Alternatively, a second substrate is employed which is converted by the same enzyme used for the primary reaction. For example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed reactions are often coupled with excess 2-propanol which is oxidized to acetone during the regeneration of NAD(P)H. A third method utilizes a reaction-internal sequence by the direct coupling of an oxidizing and a reducing enzyme reaction. Neither an additional substrate nor a further regenerating enzyme are required for the recycling reaction. This kind of "closed-loop" or "self-sufficient" redox process for cofactor regeneration has been used rarely so far. Its most intriguing advantage is that even redox reactions with unstable precursors can be realized provided that this compound is produced in situ by an opposite redox reaction. This elegant method is applicable in special cases only but increasing numbers of examples have been published during the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hummel
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Harald Gröger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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