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Melo de Queiroz T, Valdes TA, Leitão A, Porto ALM. Bio-oxidation of progesterone by Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1185 and evaluation of the cytotoxic activity. Steroids 2024; 205:109392. [PMID: 38452910 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We report the biotransformation of progesterone 1 by whole cells of Brazilian marine-derived fungi. A preliminary screening with 12 fungi revealed that the strains Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996, Mucor racemous CBMAI 847, Cladosporium sp. CBMAI 1237, Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1185 and Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935 were efficient in the biotransformation of progesterone 1 in the first days of the reaction, with conversion values ranging from 75 % to 99 %. The fungus P. oxalicum CBMAI 1185 was employed in the reactions in quintuplicate to purify and characterize the main biotransformation products of progesterone 1. The compounds testololactone 1a, 12β-hydroxyandrostenedione 1b and 1β-hydroxyandrostenedione 1c were isolated and characterized by NMR, MS, [α]D and MP. In addition, the chromatographic yield of compound 1a was determined by HPLC-PDA in the screening experiments. In this study, we show a biotransformation pathway of progesterone 1, suggesting the presence of several enzymes such as Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases, dehydrogenases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the fungus P. oxalicum CBMAI 1185. In summary, the results obtained in this study contribute to the synthetic area and have environmental importance, since the marine-derived fungi can be employed in the biodegradation of steroids present in wastewater and the environment. The cytotoxic results demonstrate that the biodegradation products were inactive against the cell lines, in contrast to progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Melo de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Química Ambiental "Edifício Prof. Douglas Wagner Franco", Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita A Valdes
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Química Ambiental "Edifício Prof. Douglas Wagner Franco", Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Orrego AH, Rubanu MG, López IL, Andrés-Sanz D, García-Marquina G, Pieslinger GE, Salassa L, López-Gallego F. ATP-Independent and Cell-Free Biosynthesis of β-Hydroxy Acids Using Vinyl Esters as Smart Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218312. [PMID: 36718873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro biosynthetic pathways that condense and reduce molecules through coenzyme A (CoASH) activation demand energy and redox power in the form of ATP and NAD(P)H, respectively. These coenzymes must be orthogonally recycled by ancillary reactions that consume chemicals, electricity, or light, impacting the atom economy and/or the energy consumption of the biosystem. In this work, we have exploited vinyl esters as dual acyl and electron donor substrates to synthesize β-hydroxy acids through a non-decarboxylating Claisen condensation, reduction and hydrolysis stepwise cascade, including a NADH recycling step, catalyzed by a total of 4 enzymes. Herein, the chemical energy to activate the acyl group with CoASH and the redox power for the reduction are embedded into the vinyl esters. Upon optimization, this self-sustaining cascade reached a titer of (S)-3-hydroxy butyrate of 24 mM without requiring ATP and simultaneously recycling CoASH and NADH. This work illustrates the potential of in vitro biocatalysis to transform simple molecules into multi-functional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Orrego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Rubanu
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Idania L López
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniel Andrés-Sanz
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Guillermo García-Marquina
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - German E Pieslinger
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia, Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia, Spain.,Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5., 48009, . Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory. Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón,182., 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5., 48009, . Bilbao, Spain
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Pobereżny J, Wszelaczyńska E, Lamparski R, Lemanowicz J, Bartkowiak A, Szczepanek M, Gościnna K. The impact of spring wheat species and sowing density on soil biochemical properties, content of secondary plant metabolites and the presence of Oulema ssp. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14916. [PMID: 36860764 PMCID: PMC9969853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of the soil are important factors influencing the yield of crops. One of the agrotechnical factors influencing the biochemical properties of soil is sowing density. It affects the yield components, light, moisture and thermal conditions in the canopy and the pressure of pests. Secondary metabolites, many of which are known to act as a defense mechanism against insects, are of importance in the interaction between the crop and abiotic and biotic factors of the habitat. To the best of our knowledge, the studies conducted so far do not sufficiently reveal the impacts of the wheat species and the sowing density, together with the biochemical properties of the soil, on the accumulation of bioactive ingredients in the crop plants, and the subsequent impacts on the occurrence of phytophagic entomofauna in various management systems. Explaining these processes creates an opportunity for more sustainable development of agriculture. The study aimed to determine the effect of wheat species and sowing density on the biochemical properties of the soil, concentrations of biologically active compounds in the plant and the occurrence of insect pests in organic (OPS) and conventional (CPS) production systems. The research was conducted on spring wheat species (Indian dwarf wheat-Triticum sphaerococcum Percival and Persian wheat-Triticum persicum Vavilov) grown in OPS and CPS at sowing densities 400, 500, 600 (seeds m-2). The following analyzes were performed: (i) soil analysis: the activity of catalases (CAT), dehydrogenases (DEH), peroxidases (PER); (ii) plant analysis: total phenolic compounds (TP), chlorogenic acid (CA), antioxidant capacity (FRAP); (iii) entomological analysis of the number of insects-Oulema spp. adults and larvae. Performing analyzes in such a wide (interdisciplinary) scope will allow for a comprehensive understanding of the soil-plant-insect biological transformation evaluation. Our results showed that an increase in soil enzyme activity caused a decrease in TP contents in the wheat grown the OPS. Despite this, both the content of TP and the anti-oxidative activity of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were higher in these wheats. Bioactive compound contents and FRAP were most favoured by the lowest sowing density. Regardless of the production system, the occurrence of the Oulema spp. adults on T. sphaerococcum was the lowest at a sowing density of 500 seeds m-2. The occurrence of this pest's larvae was lowest at a sowing density of 400 seeds m-2. Research on bioactive compounds in plants, biochemical properties of soil and the occurrence of pests make it possible to comprehensively assess the impact of the sowing density of ancient wheat in the ecological and conventional production system, which is necessary for the development of environmentally sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Pobereżny
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Lamparski
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Lemanowicz
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Bartkowiak
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczepanek
- Department of Agronomy/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gościnna
- Institute of Agri-Foodstuff Commodity/Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Liao Q, Liu W, Meng Z. Strategies for overcoming the limitations of enzymatic carbon dioxide reduction. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108024. [PMID: 35907470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The overexploitation of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, thereby causing problems, such as the greenhouse effect. Rapid global climate change has caused researchers to focus on utilizing CO2 in a green and efficient manner. One of the ways to achieve this is by converting CO2 into valuable chemicals via chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, or enzymatic methods. Among these, the enzymatic method is advantageous because of its high specificity and selectivity as well as the mild reaction conditions required. The reduction of CO2 to formate, formaldehyde, and methanol using formate dehydrogenase (FDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FaldDH), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) are attractive routes, respectively. In this review, strategies for overcoming the common limitations of enzymatic CO2 reduction are discussed. First, we present a brief background on the importance of minimizing of CO2 emissions and introduce the three bottlenecks limiting enzymatic CO2 reduction. Thereafter, we explore the different strategies for enzyme immobilization on various support materials. To solve the problem of cofactor consumption, different state-of-the-art cofactor regeneration strategies as well as research on the development of cofactor substitutes and cofactor-free systems are extensively discussed. Moreover, aiming at improving CO2 solubility, biological, physical, and engineering measures are reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China.
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China
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Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of bacteria that can oxidize many substrates such as alcohols and sugar alcohols and play important roles in industrial biotechnology. A majority of industrial processes that involve AAB are related to their dehydrogenases, including PQQ/FAD-dependent membrane-bound dehydrogenases and NAD(P)+-dependent cytoplasmic dehydrogenases. These cofactor-dependent dehydrogenases must effectively regenerate their cofactors in order to function continuously. For PQQ, FAD and NAD(P)+ alike, regeneration is directly or indirectly related to the electron transport chain (ETC) of AAB, which plays an important role in energy generation for aerobic cell growth. Furthermore, in changeable natural habitats, ETC components of AAB can be regulated so that the bacteria survive in different environments. Herein, the progressive cascade in an application of AAB, including key dehydrogenases involved in the application, regeneration of dehydrogenase cofactors, ETC coupling with cofactor regeneration and ETC regulation, is systematically reviewed and discussed. As they have great application value, a deep understanding of the mechanisms through which AAB function will not only promote their utilization and development but also provide a reference for engineering of other industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Qin
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Lemanowicz J, Brzezińska M, Siwik-Ziomek A, Koper J. Activity of selected enzymes and phosphorus content in soils of former sulphur mines. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134545. [PMID: 31787297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents phosphorus content, the activity of enzymes, and relationships between chemical properties in former sulphur mine soil ecosystems. Soil sampled 16 years after the completion of open-pit mining works at Machów, and 7 years after sulphur mining by the "melting" method was abandoned in the Jeziórko mine. In these soil samples were determined content of total (TP), mineral (MP), organic (OP), available (AP) phosphorus, the activity of catalase (CAT), dehydrogenases (DHA), alkaline (AlP) and acid (AcP) phosphatase, and metabolic metabolic quotient (qCO2). Total phosphorus content in samples from the Machów mine ranged from 0.297 to 0.392 g kg-1. In the soil from the vicinity Jeziórko, TP content was in the range 0.329-0.460 g kg-1. The content of AP in soil from the vicinity of Machów range from 10.77 to 43.44 mg kg-1, and near the Jeziórko mine from 5.73 to 18.03 mg kg-1. Availability factor (AF) for phosphorus was calculated, which was higher in soil under the impact of the Machów mine compared to the soil near the of Jeziórko mine. The activity of AlP in soil around the Jeziórko mine was lower than in soils sampled near the Machów mine. Enzymatic activity and total carbon content were used to calculate the biochemical activity index (BA12), which was higher in soils under the impact of the Machów mine. The value of metabolic quotient (qCO2) was low in the upper layers of the clarifier (Machów) and also 10 and 40 m from the borehole Jeziórko. The highest value of this parameter was observed in soil from the post-process waste dump at Machów (3.6 μgCO2 [μgC mic]-1 h-1). A long-term human impact significantly affected the soil phosphorus under study and the physico-chemical properties, which led to a change in the enzymatic activity of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lemanowicz
- UTP University of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Soil Science and Biochemistry, Bydgoszcz, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Bernardyńska 6, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Brzezińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anetta Siwik-Ziomek
- UTP University of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Soil Science and Biochemistry, Bydgoszcz, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Bernardyńska 6, Poland
| | - Jan Koper
- UTP University of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Soil Science and Biochemistry, Bydgoszcz, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Bernardyńska 6, Poland
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Meng X, Liu H, Xu W, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu W. Metabolic engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of the sesquiterpenoid (+)-nootkatone. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:21. [PMID: 32013959 PMCID: PMC6998195 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-1295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background (+)-Nootkatone is a highly valued sesquiterpenoid compound, exhibiting a typical grapefruit aroma and various desired biological activities for use as aromatics and pharmaceuticals. The high commercial demand of (+)-nootkatone is predominately met by chemical synthesis, which entails the use of environmentally harmful reagents. Efficient synthesis of (+)-nootkatone via biotechnological approaches is thus urgently needed to satisfy its industrial demand. However, there are only a limited number of studies that report the de novo synthesis of (+)-nootkatone from simple carbon sources in microbial cell factories, and with relatively low yield. Results As the direct precursor of (+)-nootkatone biosynthesis, (+)-valencene was first produced in large quantities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by overexpressing (+)-valencene synthase CnVS of Callitropsis nootkatensis in combination with various mevalonate pathway (MVA) engineering strategies, including the expression of CnVS and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (ERG20) as a fused protein, overexpression of a truncated form of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (tHMG1), and downregulating the squalene synthase enzyme (ERG9). These approaches altogether brought the production of (+)-valencene to 217.95 mg/L. Secondly, we addressed the (+)-valencene oxidation by overexpressing the Hyoscyamus muticus premnaspirodiene oxygenase (HPO) variant (V482I/A484I) and cytochrome P450 reductase (ATR1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. However, (+)-valencene was predominantly oxidized to β-nootkatol and only minor amounts of (+)-nootkatone (9.66 mg/L) were produced. We further tackled the oxidation of β-nootkatol to (+)-nootkatone by screening various dehydrogenases. Our results showed that the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily dehydrogenases ZSD1 of Zingiber zerumbet and ABA2 of Citrus sinensis were capable of effectively catalyzing β-nootkatol oxidation to (+)-nootkatone. The yield of (+)-nootkatone increased to 59.78 mg/L and 53.48 mg/L by additional overexpression of ZSD1 and ABA2, respectively. Conclusion We successfully constructed the (+)-nootaktone biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae by overexpressing the (+)-valencene synthase CnVS, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase HPO, and SDR family dehydrogenases combined with the MVA pathway engineering, providing a solid basis for the whole-cell production of (+)-nootkatone. The two effective SDR family dehydrogenases tested in this study will serve as valuable enzymatic tools in further optimizing (+)-nootkatone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Meyer J, Engelmann R, Kamp G, Peters K. Human adipocytes and CD34 + cells from the stromal vascular fraction of the same adipose tissue differ in their energy metabolic enzyme configuration. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:47-54. [PMID: 31002814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a role in energy storage and metabolic balance and is composed of different cell types. The metabolic activity of the tissue itself has been a matter of research for a long time, but comparative data about the energy metabolism of different cell types of human subcutaneous adipose tissue are sparse. Therefore, we compared the activity of major energy metabolic pathways of adipocytes and CD34+ cells from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) separated from the same tissue. This CD34+ cell fraction is enriched with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal progenitors, as they account for the largest proportion of CD34+ cells of the SVF. Adipocytes displayed significantly higher mitochondrial enzyme capacities compared to CD34+ SVF-cells, as shown by the higher activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and ß-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Inversely, the CD34+ SVF-cells showed higher capacities for cytosolic carbohydrate metabolism, represented by the activity of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus, the CD34+ SVF-cells may ensure the provision of pentose phosphates and reduction equivalents for the replication of DNA during proliferation. The data indicate that these two cell fractions of the human adipose tissue vary in their metabolic configuration adapted to their physiological demands regarding proliferation and differentiation in vivo.
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Panasiewicz K, Niewiadomska A, Sulewska H, Wolna-Maruwka A, Borowiak K, Budka A, Ratajczak K. The effect of sewage sludge and BAF inoculant on plant condition and yield as well as biochemical and microbial activity of soil in willow ( Salix viminalis L.) culture as an energy crop. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6434. [PMID: 30881760 PMCID: PMC6417457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive amounts of sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants along with the ban on its storage and dumping require rapid solutions to the problem of sewage sludge management. An example of a rational and environmentally viable method may be provided by its application in agriculture and environmental management. The optimal solution is to use sludge as a fertiliser for industrial plants, including energy crops, that is, those not used in food production. For environmental reasons it is essential to control soil quality and condition following sludge application. Analyses of the residual effect of sewage sludge and bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi microbial inoculant (BAF) on selected physiological parameters of plants and microbial activity of soil were conducted in the years 2013–2015 on experimental fields of the Poznan University of Life Sciences. The results indicate that the application of sewage sludge increased yields and improved selected photosynthesis activity and biometric traits of willow. Among the tested combinations the best results were obtained following the application of sewage sludge combined with the BAF medium microbial inoculant. Similar dependencies were observed when evaluating soil microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Niewiadomska
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Sulewska
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Borowiak
- Department of Ecology and Environmental and Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Ratajczak
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Hyslop JF, Lovelock SL, Watson AJB, Sutton PW, Roiban GD. N-Alkyl-α-amino acids in Nature and their biocatalytic preparation. J Biotechnol 2019; 293:56-65. [PMID: 30690098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylated-α-amino acids are useful building blocks for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Enantioselective methods of N-alkylated-α-amino acid synthesis are therefore highly valuable and widely investigated. While there are a variety of chemical methods for their synthesis, they often employ stoichiometric quantities of hazardous reagents such as pyrophoric metal hydrides or genotoxic alkylating agents, whereas biocatalytic routes can provide a greener and cleaner alternative to existing methods. This review highlights the occurrence of the N-alkyl-α-amino acid motif and its role in nature, important applications towards human health and biocatalytic methods of preparation. Several enzyme classes that can be used to access chiral N-alkylated-α-amino acids and their substrate selectivities are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Hyslop
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK; Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Sarah L Lovelock
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Peter W Sutton
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Group of Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Gheorghe-Doru Roiban
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
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11
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Bartkowiak A, Lemanowicz J, Breza-Boruta B. Evaluation of the content of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb as well as the enzymatic activity of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:23893-23902. [PMID: 28871517 PMCID: PMC5641288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The paper evaluates the contents of total forms of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb) as well as the activity of catalase (CAT), dehydrogenases (DEH), alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) in mineral surface horizons of forest soils exposed to the effect of road traffic pollutions. The sampling locations (n = 24) were determined in the area covered by the Szubin Forest along the exit road from Bydgoszcz to Poznań (provincial road no. 223). Soil was sampled 25 m away from the traffic lane, from two depths, 5-20 cm (humus horizons) and 20-50 cm (eluvial horizons). The contents of the heavy metals analysed were in the order of Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni. Despite intensive road traffic, with the Integrated Pollution Index (IPI) calculated, there was found a low pollution with nickel, average with zinc and copper and high with lead only. However, under the Regulation of the Minister of Environment, heavy metal values recorded allow for classifying the soils analysed as soils unpolluted with those metals. In the soil samples analysed, there were found significant positive dependencies between the content of clay fraction and zinc (r = 0.455; P < 0.05) and copper (r = 0.430; P < 0.05). With the enzyme activity results, values of the soil resistance index (RS) were calculated. The enzymes analysed were classified in the following decreasing order in terms of their resistance to traffic pollution: catalase > acid phosphatase > alkaline phosphatase > dehydrogenases (humus horizons) and catalase > dehydrogenases > alkaline phosphatase > acid phosphatase (eluvial horizons). Organic carbon showed a significant positive correlation with the activities of alkaline (r = 0.668; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.668; P < 0.05) however not with catalase and dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bartkowiak
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Lemanowicz
- Sub-Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Breza-Boruta
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Venkata Mohan S, Srikanth S, Nikhil GN. Augmentation of bacterial homeostasis by regulating in situ buffer capacity: Significance of total dissolved salts over acidogenic metabolism. Bioresour Technol 2017; 225:34-39. [PMID: 27875766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During anaerobic fermentation, consequent accumulation of acidic fermented products leads to the failure of pH homeostasis. The present study aimed to comprehend the changes in buffering capacity with addition of sodium salts of hydroxide, bicarbonate and phosphate. The results showed notable augmentation in buffer capacity and cumulative hydrogen production (CHP) compared to control. The influential factor is the amount of undissociated volatile fatty acids released that affected the cell metabolism and consequently biohydrogen generation. It is inferred that among the tested salts, sodium bicarbonate has substantial buffering capacity (β, 0.035± mol) ensuing maximum CHP (468± mL). Besides, bioelectrochemical analysis revealed variations in redox currents that aligned with biohydrogen production. The study provides valuable information on the role of inorganic dissolved salts that would be required to regulate H2 generation and acidogenesis in the aspects of acid-gas phase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - S Srikanth
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G N Nikhil
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Waite CCDC, da Silva GOA, Bitencourt JAP, Sabadini-Santos E, Crapez MAC. Copper and lead removal from aqueous solutions by bacterial consortia acting as biosorbents. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 109:386-392. [PMID: 27236233 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial consortium was selected in the presence of Cu from sediment samples taken from Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, which is a site historically contaminated by metals. Bacteria were exposed to 0, 1, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50μg·mL(-1) Cu, Pb and Cu+Pb for 11days of bioassay. Results showed Alcanivorax dominance (81%) and cell counts of 10(8)cells·mL(-1). However, a reduction in dehydrogenase activity was observed from the fifth day of exposure for all Cu, Pb, and Cu+Pb concentrations tested. Esterase activity tended to increase, indicating higher energy demand to complete the bacterial lifecycle. Pb concentrations in the filtered culture medium (0.2μm) were below the detection limit, indicating biosorption, whereas concentrations of Cu were close to the tested concentrations, indicative of efflux. Results suggest the need for biomarkers, such as esterase and dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, in the assessment of resistance and tolerance of communities previously exposed to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Coelho da Costa Waite
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
| | | | - José Augusto Pires Bitencourt
- Programa Dinâmica dos Oceanos e da Terra, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210-346, Brazil.
| | - Elisamara Sabadini-Santos
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
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Hummel W, Gröger H. Strategies for regeneration of nicotinamide coenzymes emphasizing self-sufficient closed-loop recycling systems. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:22-31. [PMID: 25102236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reduction reactions depending on nicotinamide coenzymes require an additional reaction to regenerate the consumed cofactor. For preparative application the preferred method is the simultaneous coupling of an in situ regeneration reaction. There are different strategically advantageous routes to achieve this goal. The standard method uses a second enzyme and a second co-substrate, for example formate and formate dehydrogenase or glucose and glucose dehydrogenase. Alternatively, a second substrate is employed which is converted by the same enzyme used for the primary reaction. For example, alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed reactions are often coupled with excess 2-propanol which is oxidized to acetone during the regeneration of NAD(P)H. A third method utilizes a reaction-internal sequence by the direct coupling of an oxidizing and a reducing enzyme reaction. Neither an additional substrate nor a further regenerating enzyme are required for the recycling reaction. This kind of "closed-loop" or "self-sufficient" redox process for cofactor regeneration has been used rarely so far. Its most intriguing advantage is that even redox reactions with unstable precursors can be realized provided that this compound is produced in situ by an opposite redox reaction. This elegant method is applicable in special cases only but increasing numbers of examples have been published during the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hummel
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology at the Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Harald Gröger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Kostrominova TY, Reiner DS, Haas RH, Ingermanson R, McDonough PM. Automated methods for the analysis of skeletal muscle fiber size and metabolic type. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2013; 306:275-332. [PMID: 24016528 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407694-5.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is of interest to quantify the size, shape, and metabolic subtype of skeletal muscle fibers in many areas of biomedical research. To do so, skeletal muscle samples are sectioned transversely to the length of the muscle and labeled for extracellular or membrane proteins to delineate the fiber boundaries and additionally for biomarkers related to function or metabolism. The samples are digitally photographed and the fibers "outlined" for quantification of fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) using pointing devices interfaced to a computer, which is tedious, prone to error, and can be nonobjective. Here, we review methods for characterizing skeletal muscle fibers and describe new automated techniques, which rapidly quantify CSA and biomarkers. We discuss the applications of these methods to the characterization of mitochondrial dysfunctions, which underlie a variety of human afflictions, and we present a novel approach, utilizing images from the online Human Protein Atlas to predict relationships between fiber-specific protein expression, function, and metabolism.
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