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Feng T, Yan S, Wang Z, Fan X. A facile fluorescence turn-on biosensor customized for monitoring of protein kinase activity based on carboxylic carbon nanoparticles-peptide complexes. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:922-929. [PMID: 35322517 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a facile and low-cost approach for detecting protein kinase A (PKA) by assembling a purpose-designed carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled peptide with carboxylic carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Fluorescence of the FAM-labeled peptide gradually decreases to low background signal as a result of the electron transfer from CNPs to FAM-labeled peptide via the peptide, which acts as a bridge. The reaction in the sensor in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and PKA phosphorylates the substrate peptide and disrupts the electrostatic repulsive force between the CNPs and the peptide, thus altering the spectroscopic signal of the system. The change in fluorescence signal was directly proportional to the PKA concentration in the range of 0-1.8 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.04 U/mL. These results suggest that PKA activity can be effectively measured using the developed PKA biosensor. Moreover, the fluorescence biosensor was successfully used in the investigation of PKA in spiked human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells lysates, indicating its potential applications in protein kinase-related biochemical fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shuzhu Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Wei LY, Lin W, Leo BF, Kiew LV, Chang CC, Yuan CJ. Development of the Sensing Platform for Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11070240. [PMID: 34356711 PMCID: PMC8301957 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A miniature tyrosinase-based electrochemical sensing platform for label-free detection of protein tyrosine kinase activity was developed in this study. The developed miniature sensing platform can detect the substrate peptides for tyrosine kinases, such as c-Src, Hck and Her2, in a low sample volume (1–2 μL). The developed sensing platform exhibited a high reproducibility for repetitive measurement with an RSD (relative standard deviation) of 6.6%. The developed sensing platform can detect the Hck and Her2 in a linear range of 1–200 U/mL with the detection limit of 1 U/mL. The sensing platform was also effective in assessing the specificity and efficacies of the inhibitors for protein tyrosine kinases. This is demonstrated by the detection of significant inhibition of Hck (~88.1%, but not Her2) by the Src inhibitor 1, an inhibitor for Src family kinases, as well as the significant inhibition of Her2 (~91%, but not Hck) by CP-724714 through the platform. These results suggest the potential of the developed miniature sensing platform as an effective tool for detecting different protein tyrosine kinase activity and for accessing the inhibitory effect of various inhibitors to these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Wei
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (W.L.); (L.-V.K.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (W.L.); (L.-V.K.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Bey-Fen Leo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Taiwan-Malaysia Semiconductor and Biomedical Oversea Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Lik-Voon Kiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (W.L.); (L.-V.K.); (C.-C.C.)
- Taiwan-Malaysia Semiconductor and Biomedical Oversea Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (W.L.); (L.-V.K.); (C.-C.C.)
- Taiwan-Malaysia Semiconductor and Biomedical Oversea Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiun-Jye Yuan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (W.L.); (L.-V.K.); (C.-C.C.)
- Taiwan-Malaysia Semiconductor and Biomedical Oversea Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-573-1735
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3
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Zhang L, Shang Q, Chen C, Tang W, Xu Y, Liu W. Synchronous fluorometric method for continuous assay of monophenolase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119486. [PMID: 33517217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the key enzyme for melanogenesis with both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-DOPA and the further oxidation of DOPA, respectively. A continuous assay method was developed to directly monitor the real monophenolase activity using synchronous fluorescence. Complexation with borate to quench the native fluorescence of DOPA could selectively quantified the tyrosine in the binary mixture of tyrosine and DOPA under the wavelength difference Δλ = 67 nm for synchronous fluorescence. The limit of detection (LOD) for tyrosine were estimated to be 0.49 μM. Borate was used as a trapping agent for DOPA to abolish diphenolase activity, while hydroxylamine was used as a reducing agent to restore the catalytic cycle. The time course for consumption of tyrosine was established by monitoring the tyrosine fluorescence intensity at discrete intervals of 30 s. Calibration curve between monophenolase activity and tyrosinase concentration with range from 0.1830 U·mL-1 to 1.7034 U·mL-1, and LOD of 0.0721 U·mL-1. Using the proposed method, the Km and υmax for monophenolase was determined with values of 20.73 μM and 1.10 μM·min-1, respectively. Zinc ion was demonstrated to inhibit the monophenolase activity by competitive inhibition manner with IC50 of 14.36 μM. The assay method displayed a powerful application in kinetics and inhibitor screening for monophenolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yidian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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4
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Liu M, Ke H, Sun C, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao G. A simple and highly selective electrochemical label-free aptasensor of 17β-estradiol based on signal amplification of bi-functional graphene. Talanta 2018; 194:266-272. [PMID: 30609530 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a convenient signal-on electrochemical label-free aptasensor for 17β-estradiol (E2), a typical steroidal hormones endocrine disrupting chemicals, was proposed. 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified Au (MCH/Au) electrode was used as the substrate electrode. Graphene is used with bi-functions, not only to adsorb E2 binding aptamer, serving as the recognition element to E2, but also to be assembled onto MCH/Au electrode when sensing E2, to controllably turn on the electron transfer (eT), and further indicate the signal to E2 concentration. With the synergistic effect of DNase I enzyme, highly sensitive detection of E2 was achieved at this aptasensing system, with a linear range from 0.07 to 10 pM and a detection limit of 50 fM. An outstanding selectivity towards E2 was proven for the sensing system by simultaneously detecting 100-fold potential co-existing interferences. The stability and reproducibility were also evaluated to be satisfactory. Spiked real water analysis further indicated its reliability and potential in practical environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichuan Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongyang Ke
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Caiqin Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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5
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Jiang C, Li Y, Liu C, Qiu L, Li Z. A general and versatile fluorescence turn-on assay for detecting the activity of protein tyrosine kinases based on phosphorylation-inhibited tyrosyl oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12570-12573. [PMID: 27711350 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, homogeneous and generic method for detecting protein tyrosine (Tyr) kinase activity is developed based on a tyrosinase-assisted fluorescence turn-on strategy. The tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of the Tyr residue in a fluorescently-labeled peptide may lead to efficient fluorescence quenching, while the tyrosine kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the peptide can prevent the Tyr oxidation and thus maintain strong fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Liying Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengping Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China.
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6
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Moon JM, Thapliyal N, Hussain KK, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Conducting polymer-based electrochemical biosensors for neurotransmitters: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:540-552. [PMID: 29220802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are important biochemical molecules that control behavioral and physiological functions in central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the analysis of neurotransmitters in biological samples has a great clinical and pharmaceutical importance. To date, various methods have been developed for their assay. Of the various methods, the electrochemical sensors demonstrated the potential of being robust, selective, sensitive, and real time measurements. Recently, conducting polymers (CPs) and their composites have been widely employed in the fabrication of various electrochemical sensors for the determination of neurotransmitters. Hence, this review presents a brief introduction to the electrochemical biosensors, with the detailed discussion on recent trends in the development and applications of electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors based on CPs and their composites. The review covers the sensing principle of prime neurotransmitters, including glutamate, aspartate, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, choline, acetylcholine, nitrogen monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. In addition, the combination with other analytical techniques was also highlighted. Detection challenges and future prospective of the neurotransmitter sensors were discussed for the development of biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Khalil Khadim Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Rajendra N Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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7
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Zhou Y, Yin H, Li X, Li Z, Ai S, Lin H. Electrochemical biosensor for protein kinase A activity assay based on gold nanoparticles-carbon nanospheres, phos-tag-biotin and β-galactosidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:508-515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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A single electrochemical biosensor for detecting the activity and inhibition of both protein kinase and alkaline phosphatase based on phosphate ions induced deposition of redox precipitates. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Hayama T, Kiyokawa E, Yoshida H, Imakyure O, Yamaguchi M, Nohta H. Fluorous-assisted metal chelate affinity extraction technique for analysis of protein kinase activity. Talanta 2016; 156-157:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Electrochemical detection of protein kinase activity based on carboxypeptidase Y digestion triggered signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 66:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Paleček E, Tkáč J, Bartošík M, Bertók T, Ostatná V, Paleček J. Electrochemistry of nonconjugated proteins and glycoproteins. Toward sensors for biomedicine and glycomics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2045-108. [PMID: 25659975 PMCID: PMC4360380 DOI: 10.1021/cr500279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paleček
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkáč
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bartošík
- Regional
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bertók
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Paleček
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Jang SK, Jang JR, Choe WS, Lee S. Harnessing denatured protein for controllable bipolar doping of a monolayer graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1250-1256. [PMID: 25546483 DOI: 10.1021/am507246v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated tunable p- and/or n-type doping of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene with the use of protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a dopant. BSA undergoes protonation or deprotonation reaction subject to solution pH, thereby acting as either an electron donor or an electron acceptor on the graphene surface layered with denatured BSA through π-stacking interaction. This direct annealing of graphene with denatured BSA of amphoteric nature rendered facilitated fabrication of a p- and/or n-type graphene transistor by modulating pH-dependent net charges of the single dopant. Following AFM confirmation of the BSA/graphene interface assembly, the carrier transport properties of BSA-doped graphene transistors were assessed by I-V measurement and Raman spectra to show effective charge modulation of the graphene enabled by BSA doping at various pH conditions. The protein-mediated bipolar doping of graphene demonstrated in our work is simple, scalable, and straightforward; the proposed scheme is therefore expected to provide a useful alternative for fabricating graphene transistors of novel properties and promote their implementation in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyu Jang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), §School of Chemical Engineering, and ∥College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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13
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Yin H, Wang M, Li B, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Ai S. A sensitive electrochemical biosensor for detection of protein kinase A activity and inhibitors based on Phos-tag and enzymatic signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 63:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Pineda S, Han ZJ, Ostrikov K. Plasma-Enabled Carbon Nanostructures for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:4896-4929. [PMID: 28788112 PMCID: PMC5455823 DOI: 10.3390/ma7074896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNs) are amongst the most promising biorecognition nanomaterials due to their unprecedented optical, electrical and structural properties. As such, CNs may be harnessed to tackle the detrimental public health and socio-economic adversities associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In particular, CNs may be tailored for a specific determination of biomarkers indicative of NDs. However, the realization of such a biosensor represents a significant technological challenge in the uniform fabrication of CNs with outstanding qualities in order to facilitate a highly-sensitive detection of biomarkers suspended in complex biological environments. Notably, the versatility of plasma-based techniques for the synthesis and surface modification of CNs may be embraced to optimize the biorecognition performance and capabilities. This review surveys the recent advances in CN-based biosensors, and highlights the benefits of plasma-processing techniques to enable, enhance, and tailor the performance and optimize the fabrication of CNs, towards the construction of biosensors with unparalleled performance for the early diagnosis of NDs, via a plethora of energy-efficient, environmentally-benign, and inexpensive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafique Pineda
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zhao Jun Han
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- Plasma Nanoscience Centre Australia (PNCA), CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
- Plasma Nanoscience@Complex Systems, School of Physics, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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15
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Tang S, Hu Y, Shen Q, Fang H, Li W, Nie Z, Yao S. Cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity assay based on FRET between cationic conjugated polymer and chromophore-labeled peptide. Analyst 2014; 139:4710-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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