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Xia R, Wang J, Yang XX, Li QH, Zhou H, Sun H, Zhang YG. Comprehensive compositional analysis of liquid organic product prepared by industrialized hydrothermal cracking of biomass waste and its potential application as fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175264. [PMID: 39106904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal cracking involves the conversion of organic waste into efficient fertilizer through hydrolysis at temperatures ranging from 180 to 220 °C and pressures of 1.5 to 2.45 MPa, which offers significant advantages in shortening the production cycle, enhancing efficiency, and decomposing antibiotics. As a result, it holds immense practical value for promoting organic fertilizer manufacturing processes globally. The products derived from hydrothermal cracking can be categorized into solid and liquid components. Extensive research has focused on the composition and use of solids, while studies on liquids have mainly examined basic characteristics. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze the components in liquid products prepared through hydrothermal cracking and evaluate their suitability as liquid fertilizers. Specifically, we employed rigorous analytical techniques to accurately identify and quantify medium and trace elements, organic acids, amino acids, and plant growth regulators. Furthermore, we carried out a planting experiment to assess the yield and soil changes following the application of liquid products in maize cultivation. The experimental data revealed that the liquid product contained abundant medium and trace elements, along with 6.22 g/L free amino acids and 9.22 g/L organic acids. It is noteworthy that this liquid product contained 1.22 × 105 pg/mL ABA, 6.26 × 103 pg/mL IAA, 1.07 × 102 pg/mL IBA, and 3.60 × 10-2 pg/mL GA3. The utilization of this liquid product has the potential to enhance the disease resistance of maize crops and promote the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. By understanding the composition of liquid products via hydrothermal cracking, valuable insights can be gained into their potential benefits for agricultural and ecological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xia
- Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qing-Hai Li
- Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Beijing Hydecom Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yan-Guo Zhang
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Fricke SN, Balcom BJ, Kaseman DC, Augustine MP. The matrix pencil as a tunable filter. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 368:107780. [PMID: 39340941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite inherent sensitivity constraints, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays an indispensable role in probing molecular structures and dynamics across scientific disciplines. Remarkably, while extensive efforts have targeted instrumental and experimental sensitivity improvements, comparatively little focus has been dedicated to sensitivity enhancement through signal analysis. Amidst this present gap, the matrix pencil method (MPM) has emerged as a versatile algorithm that offers tunable filtering and phasing capabilities. Extensive prior research has established the MPM as an adept fitting tool in signal analysis. Here, the efficacy of the MPM is investigated by precisely modeling noisy data to separate information-bearing signals from noise, thereby expanding its utility in various magnetic resonance applications. Simulated data is used to confirm the ability of the MPM to discern and separate signals from noise. Comparative analyses against standard Fourier-based filtering methods highlight the superior performance of the matrix pencil filter (MPF) in preserving signal fidelity without introducing aliasing artifacts. A variety of experimental data is then explored to demonstrate the proficiency of the MPF in characterizing signal components and correcting phase distortions. Collectively, these case studies underscore the filtering capacity of the MPM, portending its use for analytical sensitivity improvements in a wide range of NMR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Fricke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - B J Balcom
- MRI Centre, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - D C Kaseman
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; UC Davis NMR Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M P Augustine
- Department of Chemistry, 69 Chemistry Building, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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3
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Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Carrara SC, Rösler L, Hofmann S, Herr K, Theiß F, Wienands L, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization allows 2000-fold signal enhancement in biologically active derivatives of the peptide-based drug octreotide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6388. [PMID: 37076553 PMCID: PMC10115808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has shown its efficacy for the diagnostics and treatment of various types of cancer, i.e., in octreotide scan, as radio-marker after labelling with a radiopharmaceutical. To avoid toxicity of radio-labeling, octreotide-based assays can be implemented into magnetic resonance techniques, such as MRI and NMR. Here we used a Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP) approach as a cheap, fast and straightforward method. Introduction of L-propargyl tyrosine as a PHIP marker at different positions of octreotide by manual Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) led to up to 2000-fold proton signal enhancement (SE). Cell binding studies confirmed that all octreotide variants retained strong binding affinity to the surface of human-derived cancer cells expressing somatostatin receptor 2. The hydrogenation reactions were successfully performed in methanol and under physiologically compatible mixtures of water with methanol or ethanol. The presented results open up new application areas of biochemical and pharmacological studies with octreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C Carrara
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lorenz Rösler
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Herr
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Negroni M, Kurzbach D. Missing Pieces in Structure Puzzles: How Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy Can Complement Structural Biology and Biochemistry. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200703. [PMID: 36624049 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structure determination lies at the heart of many biochemical research programs. However, the "giants": X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and nuclear magnetic resonance, among others, leave quite a few dark spots on the structural pictures drawn of proteins, nucleic acids, membranes, and other biomacromolecules. For example, structural models under physiological conditions or of short-lived intermediates often remain out of reach of the established experimental methods. This account frames the possibility of including hyperpolarized, that is, dramatically signal-enhanced NMR in existing workflows to fill these spots with detailed depictions. We highlight how integrating methods based on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization can provide valuable complementary information about formerly inaccessible conformational spaces for many systems. A particular focus will be on hyperpolarized buffers to facilitate the NMR structure determination of challenging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negroni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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6
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Fleckenstein M, Herr K, Theiß F, Knecht S, Wienands L, Brodrecht M, Reggelin M, Buntkowsky G. A disintegrin derivative as a case study for PHIP labeling of disulfide bridged biomolecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2337. [PMID: 35149768 PMCID: PMC8837631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific labeling strategy for bioactive molecules is presented for eptifibatide (integrilin) an antiplatelet aggregation inhibitor, which derives from the disintegrin protein barbourin in the venom of certain rattlesnakes. By specifically labeling the disulfide bridge this molecule becomes accessible for the nuclear spin hyperpolarization method of parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). The PHIP-label was synthesized and inserted into the disulfide bridge of eptifibatide via reduction of the peptide and insertion by a double Michael addition under physiological conditions. This procedure is universally applicable for disulfide-containing biomolecules and preserves their tertiary structure with a minimum of change. HPLC and MS spectra prove the successful insertion of the label. 1H-PHIP-NMR experiments yield a factor of over 1000 as lower limit for the enhancement factor. These results demonstrate the high potential of the labeling strategy for the introduction of site selective PHIP-labels into biomolecules’ disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Fleckenstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Herr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Brodrecht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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7
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Saul P, Mamone S, Glöggler S. Hyperpolarization of 15N in an amino acid derivative. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2282-2286. [PMID: 35425247 PMCID: PMC8979135 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique which can be used to significantly enhance the signal in NMR experiments. In recent years, the possibility to enhance the NMR signal of heteronuclei by the use of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) has gained attention, especially in the area of possible applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Herein we introduce a way to synthesize a fully deuterated, 15N labelled amino acid derivative and the possibility to polarize the 15N by means of hydrogenation with para-hydrogen to a polarization level of 0.18%. The longevity of the polarization with a longitudinal relaxation time of more than a minute can allow for the observation of dynamic processes and metabolic imaging in vivo. In addition, we observe the phenomenon of proton–deuterium exchange with a homogeneous catalyst leading to signal enhanced allyl moeities in the precursor. A perdeuterated, 15N-labeled derivative of the amino acid glycine has been synthesized and polarized by means of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37 077 Göttingen Germany +49 551 3961 108.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straßze 3A 37 075 Göttingen Germany
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8
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Sellies L, Aspers RLEG, Feiters MC, Rutjes FPJT, Tessari M. Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization Allows Direct NMR Detection of α-Amino Acids in Complex (Bio)mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26954-26959. [PMID: 34534406 PMCID: PMC9299667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scope of non-hydrogenative parahydrogen hyperpolarization (nhPHIP) techniques has been expanding over the last years, with the continuous addition of important classes of substrates. For example, pyruvate can now be hyperpolarized using the Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique, offering a fast, efficient and low-cost PHIP alternative to Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for metabolic imaging studies. Still, important biomolecules such as amino acids have so far resisted PHIP, unless properly functionalized. Here, we report on an approach to nhPHIP for unmodified α-amino acids that allows their detection and quantification in complex mixtures at sub-micromolar concentrations. This method was tested on human urine, in which natural α-amino acids could be measured after dilution with methanol without any additional sample treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Sellies
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ruud L. E. G. Aspers
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Tessari
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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9
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Sellies L, Aspers RLEG, Feiters MC, Rutjes FPJT, Tessari M. Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization Allows Direct NMR Detection of α‐Amino Acids in Complex (Bio)mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Sellies
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ruud L. E. G. Aspers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Marco Tessari
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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10
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Jiang W, Peng Q, Sun H, Zhang Q, Huang C, Cao S, Wang X, Chen Z. Determining the enantioselectivity of asymmetric hydrogenation through parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:161101. [PMID: 34717365 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation plays an essential role for both academic research and industry to produce enantiomeric pure chiral molecules. Although nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is powerful in determining the yields of hydrogenation, it is still challenging to use NMR for chirality-related analysis. Herein, we applied parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) NMR to determine the enantioselectivity of asymmetric hydrogenation and the absolute chirality of products. We hyperpolarized two types of unsaturated amino acid precursors, i.e., methyl-α-acetoamido cinnamate and (E)-ethyl 3-acetamidobut-2-enoate. Hydrogenation of prochiral substrates with parahydrogen gave temporary hyperpolarized diastereoisomers, which exhibit different PHIP patterns distinguishable in 1H NMR. After assigning the NMR peaks by density functional theory calculations, we simulated the PHIP patterns of all the possible temporary hyperpolarized diastereoisomers and unambiguously assigned the chirality of the products and the enantioselectivity of asymmetric hydrogenation. Our work demonstrates the application and potential of PHIP in revealing the mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Qiwei Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Chengda Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Shuohui Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
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11
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Pravdivtsev AN, Buntkowsky G, Duckett SB, Koptyug IV, Hövener J. Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23496-23507. [PMID: 33635601 PMCID: PMC8596608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become a universal method for biochemical and biomedical studies, including metabolomics, proteomics, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By increasing the signal of selected molecules, the hyperpolarization of nuclear spin has expanded the reach of NMR and MRI even further (e.g. hyperpolarized solid-state NMR and metabolic imaging in vivo). Parahydrogen (pH2 ) offers a fast and cost-efficient way to achieve hyperpolarization, and the last decade has seen extensive advances, including the synthesis of new tracers, catalysts, and transfer methods. The portfolio of hyperpolarized molecules now includes amino acids, which are of great interest for many applications. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature and developments in the hyperpolarization of amino acids and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)Kiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Technical University DarmstadtEduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical ChemistryAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 864287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM)Department of ChemistryUniversity of York, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5NYUK
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography CenterSB RAS3A Institutskaya st.630090NovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State University2 Pirogova st.630090NovosibirskRussia
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical ImagingMolecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC)Department of Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH)Kiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
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12
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Pravdivtsev AN, Buntkowsky G, Duckett SB, Koptyug IV, Hövener J. Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Polarisation von Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Kiel University Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) Department of Chemistry University of York, Heslington York YO10 5NY Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 3A Institutskaya st. 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Novosibirsk State University 2 Pirogova st. 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Kiel University Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
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Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
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Wu K, Luo J, Zeng Q, Dong X, Chen J, Zhan C, Chen Z, Lin Y. Improvement in Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Liquid-State NMR Spectroscopy via a Deep Neural Network DN-Unet. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1377-1382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoqun Zhan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanqin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Kaltschnee L, Jagtap AP, McCormick J, Wagner S, Bouchard L, Utz M, Griesinger C, Glöggler S. Hyperpolarization of Amino Acids in Water Utilizing Parahydrogen on a Rhodium Nanocatalyst. Chemistry 2019; 25:11031-11035. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kaltschnee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Von-Siebold-Str.3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anil P. Jagtap
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Von-Siebold-Str.3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeffrey McCormick
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Dr. East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterBiomedical Imaging Research Institute 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building G149E Los Angeles California 90048 USA
| | - Louis‐S. Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Dr. East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Von-Siebold-Str.3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
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16
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Kiryutin AS, Sauer G, Tietze D, Brodrecht M, Knecht S, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Ultrafast Single‐Scan 2D NMR Spectroscopic Detection of a PHIP‐Hyperpolarized Protease Inhibitor. Chemistry 2019; 25:4025-4030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center Institutskaya 3A Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Grit Sauer
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Martin Brodrecht
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center Institutskaya 3A Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Konstantin L. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center Institutskaya 3A Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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17
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Braun M, Häseli S, Rösch F, Piel M, Münnemann K. NMR Hyperpolarization of Established PET Tracers. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sascha Häseli
- Inst. of Nuclear ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Inst. of Nuclear ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Markus Piel
- Inst. of Nuclear ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kerstin Münnemann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Dept. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Lab. of Engineering ThermodynamicsUniversity of Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 44 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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18
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Knecht S, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV, Ivanov KL. Re-polarization of nuclear spins using selective SABRE-INEPT. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 287:10-14. [PMID: 29274936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed for significant improvement of NMR pulse sequences used in high-field SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) experiments. SABRE makes use of spin order transfer from parahydrogen (pH2, the H2 molecule in its singlet spin state) to a substrate in a transient organometallic Ir-based complex. The technique proposed here utilizes "re-polarization", i.e., multiple application of an NMR pulse sequence used for spin order transfer. During re-polarization only the form of the substrate, which is bound to the complex, is excited by selective NMR pulses and the resulting polarization is transferred to the free substrate via chemical exchange. Owing to the fact that (i) only a small fraction of the substrate molecules is in the bound form and (ii) spin relaxation of the free substrate is slow, the re-polarization scheme provides greatly improved NMR signal enhancement, ε. For instance, when pyridine is used as a substrate, single use of the SABRE-INEPT sequence provides ε≈260 for 15N nuclei, whereas SABRE-INEPT with re-polarization yields ε>2000. We anticipate that the proposed method is useful for achieving maximal NMR enhancement with spin hyperpolarization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center Freiburg-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexey S Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Cavallari E, Carrera C, Reineri F. ParaHydrogen Hyperpolarized Substrates for Molecular Imaging Studies. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cavallari
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 Torino Italy
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Cerutti E, Viale A, Nervi C, Gobetto R, Aime S. The Role of the Amino Protecting Group during Parahydrogenation of Protected Dehydroamino Acids. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11271-9. [PMID: 26509884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of dehydroamino acids endowed with different protective groups at the amino and carboxylate moieties and with different substituents at the double bond have been reacted with parahydrogen. The observed ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) effects in the (1)H NMR spectra are strongly dependent on the amino protecting group. DFT calculations allowed us to establish a relationship between the structures of the reaction intermediates (whose energies depend on the amido substitution) and the observed PHIP patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cerutti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino , Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Glöggler S, Wagner S, Bouchard LS. Hyperpolarization of amino acid derivatives in water for biological applications. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4261-4266. [PMID: 29218193 PMCID: PMC5707458 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the successful synthesis and hyperpolarization of N-unprotected α-amino acid ethyl propionate esters and extensively, on an alanine derivative hyperpolarized by PHIP (4.4 ± 1.0% 13C-polarization), meeting required levels for in vivo detection. Using water as solvent increases biocompatibility and the absence of N-protection is expected to maintain biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glöggler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA .
| | - S Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute , Cedars Sinai Medical Center , 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building G149E , Los Angeles , California 90048-1804 , USA
| | - L-S Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA .
- California NanoSystems Institute , 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114 , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA
- Department of Bioengineering , University of California at Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, RM 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600 , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , USA
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Sauer G, Nasu D, Tietze D, Gutmann T, Englert S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Effective PHIP Labeling of Bioactive Peptides Boosts the Intensity of the NMR Signal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12941-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sauer G, Nasu D, Tietze D, Gutmann T, Englert S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Effektive Markierung von bioaktiven Peptiden mit PHIP-Markern zur Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit von NMR-Signalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Körner M, Sauer G, Heil A, Nasu D, Empting M, Tietze D, Voigt S, Weidler H, Gutmann T, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Ratajczyk T, Buntkowsky G. PHIP-label: parahydrogen-induced polarization in propargylglycine-containing synthetic oligopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7839-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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