1
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Zang H, Zhao C, Cai R, Wu H, Wei L, Zhou C, Chai J, Teng X, Liu T. Vital role of oxidative stress in tadpole liver damage caused by polystyrene nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116331. [PMID: 38640801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoparticles are emerging as contaminants in freshwater environments, posing potential risks to amphibians exposed to extended periods of water contamination. Using tadpoles as a model, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of PS NPs. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) analysis revealed a concentration-dependent increase in polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) levels in tadpoles with escalating exposure concentrations. Following exposure to 100 nm fluorescent microspheres, fluorescence was observed in the intestines and gills, peaking at 48 hours. Histopathological analysis identified degenerative necrosis and inflammation in the liver, along with atrophic necrosis of glomeruli and tubules in the kidneys. These results indicate a discernible impact of PS NPs on antioxidant levels, including reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, elevated glutathione content, and increased malondialdehyde levels. Electron microscopy observations revealed the infiltration of PS NPs into Kupffer's cells and hepatocytes, leading to visible lesions such as nuclear condensation and mitochondrial disruption. The primary objective of this research was to elucidate the adverse effects of prolonged PS NPs exposure on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Runqiu Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liutao Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xuepeng Teng
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Tianlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety. College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
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2
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh P. Development of fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxane: selective sensing of Zn(II). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7284-7293. [PMID: 36052954 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes {NiPR1(ClO4)2-NiPR3(ClO4)2} are synthesized by utilizing newly designed fluorophoric bidentate ligands (L1-L3) and a heteroditopic naphthalene containing macrocycle (NaphMC) with high yields via Ni(II) templation and π-π stacking interactions. Subsequently, a fluorophoric [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX) is established through a Cu(I) catalysed click reaction between an azide terminated pseudorotaxane, {NiPR4(ClO4)2}, which contains the newly designed fluorophoric ligand L4, and alkyne terminated bulky stopper units. All these fluorophoric [2]pseudorotaxanes and the [2]rotaxane were characterized using numerous techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, UV/Vis, PL, and elemental analysis, wherever applicable. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of the fluorophoric moieties, the coordinating ability of chelating units, and size and shape of the three dimensional cavity generated by the mechanical bond in the interlocked [2]rotaxane (NAPRTX), we have performed a sensing study of various metal ions. Thus, the interlocked [2]rotaxane is found to have potential as a selective fluorescent sensor for Zn(II) metal ions over other transition, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, where the 2,2'-bipyridyl arylvinylene moiety of the axle acts as a fluorescence signalling unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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3
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Calatayud DG, Neophytou S, Nicodemou E, Giuffrida SG, Ge H, Pascu SI. Nano-Theranostics for the Sensing, Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancers. Front Chem 2022; 10:830133. [PMID: 35494646 PMCID: PMC9039169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We highlight hereby recent developments in the emerging field of theranostics, which encompasses the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics in a single entity aimed for an early-stage diagnosis, image-guided therapy as well as evaluation of therapeutic outcomes of relevance to prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men and a frequent cause of male cancer death. As such, this overview is concerned with recent developments in imaging and sensing of relevance to prostate cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. A major advantage for the effective treatment of PCa is an early diagnosis that would provide information for an appropriate treatment. Several imaging techniques are being developed to diagnose and monitor different stages of cancer in general, and patient stratification is particularly relevant for PCa. Hybrid imaging techniques applicable for diagnosis combine complementary structural and morphological information to enhance resolution and sensitivity of imaging. The focus of this review is to sum up some of the most recent advances in the nanotechnological approaches to the sensing and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Targeted imaging using nanoparticles, radiotracers and biomarkers could result to a more specialised and personalised diagnosis and treatment of PCa. A myriad of reports has been published literature proposing methods to detect and treat PCa using nanoparticles but the number of techniques approved for clinical use is relatively small. Another facet of this report is on reviewing aspects of the role of functional nanoparticles in multimodality imaging therapy considering recent developments in simultaneous PET-MRI (Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) coupled with optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, whilst highlighting feasible case studies that hold promise for the next generation of dual modality medical imaging of PCa. It is envisaged that progress in the field of imaging and sensing domains, taken together, could benefit from the biomedical implementation of new synthetic platforms such as metal complexes and functional materials supported on organic molecular species, which can be conjugated to targeting biomolecules and encompass adaptable and versatile molecular architectures. Furthermore, we include hereby an overview of aspects of biosensing methods aimed to tackle PCa: prostate biomarkers such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) have been incorporated into synthetic platforms and explored in the context of sensing and imaging applications in preclinical investigations for the early detection of PCa. Finally, some of the societal concerns around nanotechnology being used for the detection of PCa are considered and addressed together with the concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles–these were aspects of recent lively debates that currently hamper the clinical advancements of nano-theranostics. The publications survey conducted for this review includes, to the best of our knowledge, some of the most recent relevant literature examples from the state-of-the-art. Highlighting these advances would be of interest to the biomedical research community aiming to advance the application of theranostics particularly in PCa diagnosis and treatment, but also to those interested in the development of new probes and methodologies for the simultaneous imaging and therapy monitoring employed for PCa targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Calatayud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
| | - Sotia Neophytou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Nicodemou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre of Therapeutic Innovations, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
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4
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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5
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Li X, David AHG, Zhang L, Song B, Jiao Y, Sluysmans D, Qiu Y, Wu Y, Zhao X, Feng Y, Mosca L, Stoddart JF. Fluorescence Quenching by Redox Molecular Pumping. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3572-3579. [PMID: 35179889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial molecular pumps (AMPs), inspired by the active cellular transport exhibited in biological systems, enable cargoes to undergo unidirectional motion, courtesy of molecular ratchet mechanisms in the presence of energy sources. Significant progress has been achieved, using alternatively radical interactions and Coulombic repulsive forces to create working AMPs. In an attempt to widen the range of these AMPs, we have explored the effect of molecular pumping on the photophysical properties of a collecting chain on a dumbbell incorporating a centrally located pyrene fluorophore and two terminal pumping cassettes. The AMP discussed here sequesters two tetracationic cyclophanes from the solution, generating a [3]rotaxane in which the fluorescence of the dumbbell is quenched. The research reported in this Article demonstrates that the use of pumping cassettes allows us to generate the [3]rotaxane in which the photophysical properties of fluorophores can be modified in a manner that cannot be achieved with a mixture of the dumbbell and ring components of the rotaxane on account of their weak binding in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Damien Sluysmans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Research Unit MolSys, NanoChem, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman, B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Rd., Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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6
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Chaudhry MT, Ota S, Lelj F, MacLachlan MJ. Breathing Room: Restoring Free Rotation in a Schiff-Base Macrocycle through Endoperoxide Formation. Org Lett 2021; 23:9538-9542. [PMID: 34870998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclization is a popular method for preparing hosts, but it can have unintended effects, like limiting molecular free rotation to yield mixtures of inseparable isomers. We report a [3 + 3] Schiff-base macrocycle (1) with anthracene bridges. Restricted rotation about the phenyl-anthracene bonds leads 1 to exist as a mixture of conformations (1Cs and 1C3v). Macrocycle 1 was photooxidized to tris(endoperoxide) adduct 4, alleviating restricted rotation. These results were supported by spectroscopic, structural, and computational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Seiya Ota
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Francesco Lelj
- La.M.I. and LaSCAMM INSTM Sezione Basilicata, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicta, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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7
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Squaraine-Based Optical Sensors: Designer Toolbox for Exploring Ionic and Molecular Recognitions. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule-based chromogenic and fluorogenic probes play an indispensable role in many sensing applications. Ideal optical chemosensors should provide selectivity and sensitivity towards a variety of analytes. Synthetic accessibility and attractive photophysical properties have made squaraine dyes an enticing platform for the development of chemosensors. This review highlights the versatility of modular assemblies of squaraine-based chemosensors and chemodosimeters that take advantage of the availability of various structurally and functionally diverse recognition motifs, as well as utilizing additional recognition capabilities due to the unique structural features of the squaraine ring.
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8
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Banerjee A, Shelver WL. Micro- and Nanoplastic-Mediated Pathophysiological Changes in Rodents, Rabbits, and Chickens: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1480-1495. [PMID: 34347096 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plastics provide tremendous societal benefits and are an indispensable part of our lives. However, fragmented plastics or those intentionally manufactured in small sizes (microplastics and nanoplastics) are of concern because they can infiltrate soils and enter the human food chain through trophic transfer. The pathophysiological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans are not characterized, but their effects in terrestrial mammals may help elucidate their potential effects in humans. Rodent studies have demonstrated that micro- and nanoplastics can breach the intestinal barrier, accumulate in various organs, cause gut dysbosis, decrease mucus secretion, induce metabolic alterations, and cause neurotoxicity, among other pathophysiologic effects. Larger mammals such as rabbits can also absorb microplastics orally. In farm animals such as chickens, microplastics have been detected in the gut, thereby raising food safety concerns. This review mostly focuses on studies conducted to assess effects of micro- and nanoplastic exposure through food and water in terrestrial mammals and farm animals including rodents, rabbits, and chickens; identifies main knowledge gaps; and provides recommendations for further research to understand foodborne micro- and nanoplastic toxicity in humans. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard N, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
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9
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Zhang R, Wu J, Ao H, Fu J, Qiao B, Wu Q, Ju H. A Rolling Circle-Amplified G-Quadruplex/Hemin DNAzyme for Chemiluminescence Immunoassay of the SARS-CoV-2 Protein. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9933-9938. [PMID: 34227801 PMCID: PMC8276600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 protein remains a great research interest in clinical screening and diagnosis owing to the coronavirus epidemic. Here, an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) imaging strategy was developed through proximity hybridization to trigger the formation of a rolling circle-amplified G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 protein. The target protein was first recognized by a pair of DNA-antibody conjugates, Ab-1 and Ab-2, to form a proximity-ligated complex, Ab-1/SARS-CoV-2/Ab-2, which contained a DNA sequence complemental to block DNA and thus induced a strand displacement reaction to release the primer from a block/primer complex. The released primer then triggered a rolling circle amplification to form abundant DNAzyme units in the presence of hemin, which produced a strong chemiluminescent signal for the detection of the target protein by catalyzing the oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide. The proposed assay showed a detectable concentration range over 5 orders of magnitude with the detection limit down to 6.46 fg/mL. The excellent selectivity, simple procedure, acceptable accuracy, and intrinsic high throughput of the imaging technique for analysis of serum samples demonstrated the potential applicability of the proposed detection method in clinical screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School
of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency
and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan
Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Ao
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinling Fu
- School
of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency
and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan
Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- School
of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency
and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan
Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- School
of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency
and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan
Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
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10
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Zhan Z, Su Z, Chai L, Li C, Liu R, Lv Y. Multimodal Imaging Iridium(III) Complex for Hypochlorous Acid in Living Systems. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8285-8291. [PMID: 32456421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule tracing with different imaging methods is of great significance for more accurately unravelling the fundamental processes in living systems. However, considering the different principles of each imaging method for probe design, it is still a great challenge to apply one molecular probe to achieve two or even more imaging analyses for biomarkers. In general, traditional oxime was reported as a recognition group for fluorescence imaging of HOCl. Herein, for the first time, we designed the oxime decorated iridium(III) complex, which can be directly used for chemiluminescence as well as two-photon luminescence and photoluminescence lifetime imaging of HOCl in living systems. Moreover, the novel chemiluminescence mechanism of Ir-CLFLPLIM for HOCl was also proposed and explored by continuously monitoring chemiluminescence peak shapes and mass spectra, inferring the reaction intermediate and calculating the chemical reaction energy range of the reaction process. This strategy could lead us to expand the chemiluminescence application of transition metal complexes and develop more multimodal imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Chai
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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11
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Crucho CIC, Avó J, Diniz AM, Pinto SN, Barbosa J, Smith PO, Berberan-Santos MN, Pålsson LO, Dias FB. TADF Dye-Loaded Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Live-Cell Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:404. [PMID: 32457878 PMCID: PMC7227253 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules offer nowadays a powerful tool in the development of novel organic light emitting diodes due to their capability of harvesting energy from non-emissive triplet states without using heavy-metal complexes. TADF emitters have very small energy difference between the singlet and triplet excited states, which makes thermally activated reverse intersystem crossing from the triplet states back to the singlet manifold viable. This mechanism generates a long-lived delayed fluorescence component which can be explored in the sensing of oxygen concentration, local temperature, or used in time-gated optical cell-imaging, to suppress interference from autofluorescence and scattering. Despite this strong potential, until recently the application of TADF outside lighting devices has been hindered due to the low biocompatibility, low aqueous solubility and poor performance in polar media shown by the vast majority of TADF emitters. To achieve TADF luminescence in biological media, careful selection or design of emitters is required. Unfortunately, most TADF molecules are not emissive in polar media, thus complexation with biomolecules or the formation of emissive aggregate states is required, in order to retain the delayed fluorescence that is characteristic of these compounds. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method with great generalization potential that maintains the photophysical properties of solvated dyes by combining luminescent molecules with polymeric nanoparticles. Using an established swelling procedure, two known TADF emitters are loaded onto polystyrene nanoparticles to prepare TADF emitting nanomaterials able to be used in live-cell imaging. The obtained particles were characterized by optical spectroscopy and exhibited the desired TADF emission in aqueous media, due to the polymeric matrix shielding the dye from solvent polarity effects. The prepared nanoparticles were incubated with live human cancer cells and showed very low cytotoxicity and good cellular uptake, thus making fluorescence microscopy imaging possible at low dye concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina I C Crucho
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Avó
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Diniz
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Barbosa
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Poppy O Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Mário Nuno Berberan-Santos
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando B Dias
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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12
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Dogra P, Butner JD, Nizzero S, Ruiz Ramírez J, Noureddine A, Peláez MJ, Elganainy D, Yang Z, Le AD, Goel S, Leong HS, Koay EJ, Brinker CJ, Cristini V, Wang Z. Image-guided mathematical modeling for pharmacological evaluation of nanomaterials and monoclonal antibodies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1628. [PMID: 32314552 PMCID: PMC7507140 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While plasma concentration kinetics has traditionally been the predictor of drug pharmacological effects, it can occasionally fail to represent kinetics at the site of action, particularly for solid tumors. This is especially true in the case of delivery of therapeutic macromolecules (drug-loaded nanomaterials or monoclonal antibodies), which can experience challenges to effective delivery due to particle size-dependent diffusion barriers at the target site. As a result, disparity between therapeutic plasma kinetics and kinetics at the site of action may exist, highlighting the importance of target site concentration kinetics in determining the pharmacodynamic effects of macromolecular therapeutic agents. Assessment of concentration kinetics at the target site has been facilitated by non-invasive in vivo imaging modalities. This allows for visualization and quantification of the whole-body disposition behavior of therapeutics that is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Quantitative non-invasive imaging can also help guide the development and parameterization of mathematical models for descriptive and predictive purposes. Here, we present a review of the application of state-of-the-art imaging modalities for quantitative pharmacological evaluation of therapeutic nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies, with a focus on their integration with mathematical models, and identify challenges and opportunities. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph D Butner
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara Nizzero
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Ruiz Ramírez
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - María J Peláez
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dalia Elganainy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhen Yang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anh-Dung Le
- Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Shreya Goel
- Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hon S Leong
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Le D, Dhamecha D, Gonsalves A, Menon JU. Ultrasound-Enhanced Chemiluminescence for Bioimaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32117914 PMCID: PMC7016203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue imaging has emerged as an important aspect of theragnosis. It is essential not only to evaluate the degree of the disease and thus provide appropriate treatments, but also to monitor the delivery of administered drugs and the subsequent recovery of target tissues. Several techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computational tomography (CT), acoustic tomography (AT), biofluorescence (BF) and chemiluminescence (CL), have been developed to reconstruct three-dimensional images of tissues. While imaging has been achieved with adequate spatial resolution for shallow depths, challenges still remain for imaging deep tissues. Energy loss is usually observed when using a magnetic field or traditional ultrasound (US), which leads to a need for more powerful energy input. This may subsequently result in tissue damage. CT requires exposure to radiation and a high dose of contrast agent to be administered for imaging. The BF technique, meanwhile, is affected by strong scattering of light and autofluorescence of tissues. The CL is a more selective and sensitive method as stable luminophores are produced from physiochemical reactions, e.g. with reactive oxygen species. Development of near infrared-emitting luminophores also bring potential for application of CL in deep tissues and whole animal studies. However, traditional CL imaging requires an enhancer to increase the intensity of low-level light emissions, while reducing the scattering of emitted light through turbid tissue environment. There has been interest in the use of focused ultrasound (FUS), which can allow acoustic waves to propagate within tissues and modulate chemiluminescence signals. While light scattering is decreased, the spatial resolution is increased with the assistance of US. In this review, chemiluminescence detection in deep tissues with assistance of FUS will be highlighted to discuss its potential in deep tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jyothi U. Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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14
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Solid silica nanoparticles as carriers of fluorescent squaraine dyes in aqueous media: Toward a molecular engineering approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Evans NH. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Hydrogen Bond Templated Rotaxanes and Catenanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Zanocco RP, Bresoli-Obach R, Nonell S, Lemp E, Zanocco AL. Structure-activity study of furyl aryloxazole fluorescent probes for the detection of singlet oxygen. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200006. [PMID: 29965981 PMCID: PMC6028117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis and the photochemical behavior of a series of new "click-on" fluorescent probes designed to detect singlet oxygen. They include a highly fluorescent chemical structure, an aryloxazole ring, linked to a furan moiety operating as singlet oxygen trap. Their activity depends on both the structure of the aryloxazole fluorophore and the electron-donating and electron-accepting properties of the substituents attached to the C-5 of the furan ring. All probes are selectively oxidized by singlet oxygen to give a single fluorescent product in methanol and produce negligible amounts of singlet oxygen themselves by self-sensitization. The most promising dyad, (E)-2-(2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)vinyl)naphtho[1,2-d]oxazole, FN-6, shows outstanding reactivity and sensitivity: it traps singlet oxygen with a rate constant (5,8 ± 0.1) x 1(07) M-1 s-1 and its fluorescence increases by a factor of 500 upon reaction. Analysis of the dyads reactivity in terms of linear free energy relationships using the modified Swain and Lupton parameter F and the Fukui condensed function for the electrophilic attack, suggests that cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to the furan ring is partially concerted and possibly involves an exciplex with a "more open" structure than could be expected for a concerted cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo P. Zanocco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Else Lemp
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio L. Zanocco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Cai L, Deng L, Huang X, Ren J. Catalytic Chemiluminescence Polymer Dots for Ultrasensitive In Vivo Imaging of Intrinsic Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6929-6935. [PMID: 29732881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) is a promising bioimaging method due to no interferences of light source and autofluorescence. However, compared to fluorescent emission, most CL reactions show short emission time and wavelength and weak emission intensity, which limit their applications in in vivo imaging. Here, we report mimic-enzyme catalytic CL polymer dots (hemin-Pdots) consisting of hemin and fluorescent conjugated polymer based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Hemin-Pdots show about 700× enhanced CL and over 10 h light emission in the presence of CL substrates and H2O2. These properties are mainly due to high-catalytic activity of hemin-Pdots and slow-diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reaction. Hemin-Pdots also possess excellent biocompatibility, good stability, emission wavelength redshift, and ultrasensitive response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they were successfully used for real-time imaging ROS levels in the peritoneal cavity and normal and tumor tissues of mice. Hemin-Pdots as new CL probes have wide applications in bioassays, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvping Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Green O, Gnaim S, Blau R, Eldar-Boock A, Satchi-Fainaro R, Shabat D. Near-Infrared Dioxetane Luminophores with Direct Chemiluminescence Emission Mode. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13243-13248. [PMID: 28853880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemiluminescent luminophores are considered as one of the most sensitive families of probes for detection and imaging applications. Due to their high signal-to-noise ratios, luminophores with near-infrared (NIR) emission are particularly important for in vivo use. In addition, light with such long wavelength has significantly greater capability for penetration through organic tissue. So far, only a few reports have described the use of chemiluminescence systems for in vivo imaging. Such systems are always based on an energy-transfer process from a chemiluminescent precursor to a nearby emissive fluorescent dye. Here, we describe the development of the first chemiluminescent luminophores with a direct mode of NIR light emission that are suitable for use under physiological conditions. Our strategy is based on incorporation of a substituent with an extended π-electron system on the excited species obtained during the chemiexcitation pathway of Schaap's adamantylidene-dioxetane probe. In this manner, we designed and synthesized two new luminophores with direct light emission wavelength in the NIR region. Masking of the luminophores with analyte-responsive groups has resulted in turn-ON probes for detection and imaging of β-galactosidase and hydrogen peroxide. The probes' ability to image their corresponding analyte/enzyme was effectively demonstrated in vitro for β-galactosidase activity and in vivo in a mouse model of inflammation. We anticipate that our strategy for obtaining NIR luminophores will open new doors for further exploration of complex biomolecular systems using non-invasive intravital chemiluminescence imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Green
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Samer Gnaim
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rachel Blau
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ‡Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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19
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Cai K, Zeng M, Liu F, Liu N, Huang Z, Song Y, Wang L. BSA-AuNPs@Tb-AMP metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric fluorescence detection of DPA and Hg 2. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 32:1277-1282. [PMID: 28569414 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An easy and effective strategy for synthesizing a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor has been demonstrated in this work. Novel fluorescent BSA-AuNPs@Tb-AMP (BSA, bovine serum albumin; AMP, adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AuNPs, Au nanoparticles) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures were synthesized by encapsulating BSA-AuNPs into Tb-AMP MOFs for the detection of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) and Hg2+ . DPA could strongly co-ordinate with Tb3+ to replace water molecules from the Tb3+ center and accordingly enhanced the fluorescence of Tb-AMP MOFs. The fluorescence of BSA-AuNPs at 405 nm remained constant. While the fluorescence of BSA-AuNPs at 635 nm was quenched after Hg2+ was added, the fluorescence of Tb-AMP MOFs remained constant. Accordingly, a ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor was constructed for detection of DPA and Hg2+ . The ratiometric nanosensor exhibited good selectivity to DPA over other substances. The F545 /F405 linearly increased with increase of DPA concentration in the range of 50 nM to 10 μM with a detection limit as low as 17.4 nM. F635 /F405 increased linearly with increase of Hg2+ concentration ranging from 50 nM to 1 μM with a detection limit as low as 20.9 nM. Additionally, the nanosensor could be successfully applied for the determination of DPA and Hg2+ in running water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mulan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fenfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghai Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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20
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Büchel GE, Carney B, Tang J, Zeglis BM, Eppinger J, Reiner T. A Novel Technique for Generating and Observing Chemiluminescence in a Biological Setting. J Vis Exp 2017:54694. [PMID: 28362395 PMCID: PMC5407651 DOI: 10.3791/54694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraoperative imaging techniques have the potential to make surgical interventions safer and more effective; for these reasons, such techniques are quickly moving into the operating room. Here, we present a new approach that utilizes a technique not yet explored for intraoperative imaging: chemiluminescent imaging. This method employs a ruthenium-based chemiluminescent reporter along with a custom-built nebulizing system to produce ex vivo or in vivo images with high signal-to-noise ratios. The ruthenium-based reporter produces light following exposure to an aqueous oxidizing solution and re-reduction within the surrounding tissue. This method has allowed us to detect reporter concentrations as low as 6.9 pmol/cm2. In this work, we present a visual guide to our proof-of-concept in vivo studies involving subdermal and intravenous injections in mice. The results suggest that this technology is a promising candidate for further preclinical research and might ultimately become a useful tool in the operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Büchel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, and PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of City University of New York
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, and PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of City University of New York
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College;
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21
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Real-time near-infrared bioimaging of a receptor-targeted cytotoxic dendritic theranostic agent. Biomaterials 2017; 120:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Black KCL, Ibricevic A, Gunsten SP, Flores JA, Gustafson TP, Raymond JE, Samarajeewa S, Shrestha R, Felder SE, Cai T, Shen Y, Löbs AK, Zhegalova N, Sultan DH, Berezin M, Wooley KL, Liu Y, Brody SL. In vivo fate tracking of degradable nanoparticles for lung gene transfer using PET and Ĉerenkov imaging. Biomaterials 2016; 98:53-63. [PMID: 27179433 PMCID: PMC4899101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) play expanding roles in biomedical applications including imaging and therapy, however, their long-term fate and clearance profiles have yet to be fully characterized in vivo. NP delivery via the airway is particularly challenging, as the clearance may be inefficient and lung immune responses complex. Thus, specific material design is required for cargo delivery and quantitative, noninvasive methods are needed to characterize NP pharmacokinetics. Here, biocompatible poly(acrylamidoethylamine)-b-poly(dl-lactide) block copolymer-based degradable, cationic, shell-cross-linked knedel-like NPs (Dg-cSCKs) were employed to transfect plasmid DNA. Radioactive and optical beacons were attached to monitor biodistribution and imaging. The preferential release of cargo in acidic conditions provided enhanced transfection efficiency compared to non-degradable counterparts. In vivo gene transfer to the lung was correlated with NP pharmacokinetics by radiolabeling Dg-cSCKs and performing quantitative biodistribution with parallel positron emission tomography and Čerenkov imaging. Quantitation of imaging over 14 days corresponded with the pharmacokinetics of NP movement from the lung to gastrointestinal and renal routes, consistent with predicted degradation and excretion. This ability to noninvasively and accurately track NP fate highlights the advantage of incorporating multifunctionality into particle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvar C L Black
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P Gunsten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeniree A Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tiffany P Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffery E Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sandani Samarajeewa
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Simcha E Felder
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tianyi Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ann-Kathrin Löbs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia Zhegalova
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Büchel GE, Carney B, Shaffer TM, Tang J, Austin C, Arora M, Zeglis BM, Grimm J, Eppinger J, Reiner T. Near-Infrared Intraoperative Chemiluminescence Imaging. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1978-82. [PMID: 27471800 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative imaging technologies recently entered the operating room, and their implementation is revolutionizing how physicians plan, monitor, and perform surgical interventions. In this work, we present a novel surgical imaging reporter system: intraoperative chemiluminescence imaging (ICI). To this end, we have leveraged the ability of a chemiluminescent metal complex to generate near-infrared light upon exposure to an aqueous solution of Ce(4+) in the presence of reducing tissue or blood components. An optical camera spatially resolves the resulting photon flux. We describe the construction and application of a prototype imaging setup, which achieves a detection limit as low as 6.9 pmol cm(-2) of the transition-metal-based ICI agent. As a proof of concept, we use ICI for the in vivo detection of our transition metal tracer following both systemic and subdermal injections. The very high signal-to-noise ratios make ICI an interesting candidate for the development of new intraoperative imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Büchel
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Hunter College and PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUSTCatalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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24
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Fan X, He Q, Sun S, Li H, Pei Y, Xu Y. Nanoparticles self-assembled from multiple interactions: a novel near-infrared fluorescent sensor for the detection of serum albumin in human sera and turn-on live-cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1178-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyrene-conjugated squaraine fluorescence probeSQ-Pcan self-assemble into nanoparticles, selectively detect serum albumin, and be used for imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Fan
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan He
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Pei
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Shaanxi
- P. R. China
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25
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Smith BD. Smart molecules for imaging, sensing and health (SMITH). Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2540-8. [PMID: 26734100 PMCID: PMC4685796 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This autobiographical review provides a personal account of the author's academic journey in supramolecular chemistry, including brief summaries of research efforts in membrane transport, molecular imaging, ion-pair receptors, rotaxane synthesis, squaraine rotaxanes, and synthtavidin technology. The article concludes with a short perspective of likely future directions in biomedical supramolecular chemistry.
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26
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Brown A, Langton MJ, Kilah NL, Thompson AL, Beer PD. Chloride-Anion-Templated Synthesis of a Strapped-Porphyrin-Containing Catenane Host System. Chemistry 2015; 21:17664-75. [PMID: 26508679 PMCID: PMC4691337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure and anion-recognition properties of a new strapped-porphyrin-containing [2]catenane anion host system are described. The assembly of the catenane is directed by discrete chloride anion templation acting in synergy with secondary aromatic donor-acceptor and coordinative pyridine-zinc interactions. The [2]catenane incorporates a three-dimensional, hydrogen-bond-donating anion-binding pocket; solid-state structural analysis of the catenane⋅chloride complex reveals that the chloride anion is encapsulated within the catenane's interlocked binding cavity through six convergent CH⋅⋅⋅⋅Cl and NH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions and solution-phase (1) H NMR titration experiments demonstrate that this complementary hydrogen-bonding arrangement facilitates the selective recognition of chloride over larger halide anions in DMSO solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Matthew J Langton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Nathan L Kilah
- School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001 (Australia)
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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27
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Singh A, Seo YH, Lim CK, Koh J, Jang WD, Kwon IC, Kim S. Biolighted Nanotorch Capable of Systemic Self-Delivery and Diagnostic Imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9906-9911. [PMID: 26316392 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive imaging of inflammation with a background-free chemiluminescence (CL) signal has great potential as a clinically relevant way of early diagnosis for various inflammatory diseases. However, to date, its feasibility has been limitedly demonstrated in vivo with locally induced inflammation models by in situ injection of CL probes. To enable systemic disease targeting and imaging by intravenous administration of CL probes, hurdles need to be overcome such as weak CL emission, short glowing duration, or inability of long blood circulation. Here, we report a CL nanoprobe (BioNT) that surmounted such limitations to perform precise identification of inflammation by systemic self-delivery to the pathological tissues. This BioNT probe was engineered by physical nanointegration of multiple kinds of functional molecules into the ultrafine nanoreactor structure (∼15 nm in size) that combines solid-state fluorescence-induced enhanced peroxalate CL and built-in machinery to control the intraparticle kinetics of CL reaction. Upon intravenous injection into a normal mouse, BioNT showed facile blood circulation and generated a self-lighted strong CL torchlight throughout the whole body owing to the tiny colloidal structure with an antifouling surface as well as high CL sensitivity toward endogenous biological hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In mouse models of local and systemic inflammations, blood-injected BioNT visualized precise locations of inflamed tissues with dual selectivity (selective probe accumulation and selective CL reaction with H2O2 overproduced by inflammation). Even a tumor model that demands a long blood circulation time for targeting (>3 h) could be accurately identified by persistent signaling from the kinetics-tailored BioNT with a 65-fold slowed CL decay rate. We also show that BioNT exhibits no apparent toxicity, thus holding potential for high-contrast diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Young Hun Seo
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Joonseok Koh
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemungu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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28
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Yin F, Zhang B, Zeng S, Lin G, Tian J, Yang C, Wang K, Xu G, Yong KT. Folic acid-conjugated organically modified silica nanoparticles for enhanced targeted delivery in cancer cells and tumor in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6081-6093. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles with biocompatibility and high-selectivity show great potential forin vivotumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Butian Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES
| | - Guimiao Lin
- The key lab of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Uropoiesis and Reproduction
- School of Medical Sciences
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jinglin Tian
- The key lab of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Uropoiesis and Reproduction
- School of Medical Sciences
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Kuan Wang
- Nanomedicine Program and Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Nankang
- Taiwan
| | - Gaixia Xu
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES
- UMI 3288
- Singapore
- Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
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29
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Zheng X, Qiao W, Wang ZY. Broad-spectrum chemiluminescence covering a 400–1400 nm spectral region and its use as a white-near infrared light source for imaging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum chemiluminescence has been achieved and used as a white-near infrared light source for imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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30
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Evans NH, Beer PD. Progress in the synthesis and exploitation of catenanes since the Millennium. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4658-83. [PMID: 24676138 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catenanes - molecules consisting of interlocked macrocyclic rings - have been prepared by templation strategies for some thirty years. The utilization of Cu(I) cation, aromatic donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding assisted self-assembly strategies has led to the construction of numerous examples of these aesthetically pleasing species. This review seeks to discuss key developments in the synthesis and functional application of catenanes that have occurred since the Millennium. The much expanded range of metal cation templates; the genesis and growth of anion templation, as well as the use of alternative supramolecular interactions (halogen bonding and radical templation) and thermodynamically controlled reactions to synthesize catenanes are detailed. The class of catenanes that may be described as "molecular machines" are then highlighted and to conclude, attempts to fabricate catenanes onto surfaces and into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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31
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Srikar R, Upendran A, Kannan R. Polymeric nanoparticles for molecular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:245-67. [PMID: 24616442 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional imaging technologies (X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and optical) depend on contrast agents to visualize a target site or organ of interest. The imaging agents currently used in clinics for diagnosis suffer from disadvantages including poor target specificity and in vivo instability. Consequently, delivery of low concentrations of contrast agents to region of interest affects image quality. Therefore, it is important to selectively deliver high payload of contrast agent to obtain clinically useful images. Nanoparticles offer multifunctional capabilities to transport high concentrations of imaging probes selectively to diseased site inside the body. Polymeric nanoparticles, incorporated with contrast agents, have shown significant benefits in molecular imaging applications. These materials possess the ability to encapsulate different contrast agents within a single matrix enabling multimodal imaging possibilities. The materials can be surface conjugated to target-specific biomolecules for controlling the navigation under in vivo conditions. The versatility of this class of nanomaterials makes them an attractive platform for developing highly sensitive molecular imaging agents. The research community's progress in the area of synthesis of polymeric nanomaterials and their in vivo imaging applications has been noteworthy, but it is still in the pioneer stage of development. The challenges ahead should focus on the design and fabrication of these materials including burst release of contrasts agents, solubility, and stability issues of polymeric nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srikar
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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32
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Collins CG, Lee JM, Oliver AG, Wiest O, Smith BD. Internal and external stereoisomers of squaraine rotaxane endoperoxide: synthesis, chemical differences, and structural revision. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1120-30. [PMID: 24428682 DOI: 10.1021/jo402564k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photooxygenation of permanently interlocked squaraine rotaxanes with anthracene-containing macrocycles produces the corresponding squaraine rotaxane endoperoxides (SREPs) quantitatively. SREPs are stored at low temperature, and upon warming, they undergo clean cycloreversion, releasing singlet oxygen and emitting light. The structural elucidation in 2010 assigned the structure as the SREP-int stereoisomer, with the endoperoxide unit directed inside the macrocycle cavity. New experimental and computational evidence reported here proves that the initial, kinetic photooxygenation product is the less stable SREP-ext stereoisomer with the endoperoxide unit directed outside the macrocycle. The photophysical properties and subsequent reactivity of mechanically strained SREP-ext depend on the size of the end groups of the encapsulated squaraine dye. If the end groups are sufficiently large to prevent dissociation of the interlocked components, the strained SREP-ext stereoisomer undergoes clean thermal cycloreversion. However, smaller squaraine end groups allow transient dissociation, resulting in a pseudorotaxane dissociation/association process that produces SREP-int as the thermodynamic stereoisomer that does not cyclorevert. The large difference in endoperoxide reactivity for the two SREP stereoisomers illustrates the power of the mechanical bond to induce cross-component steric strain and selective enhancement of a specific reaction pathway. The new insight enabled synthetic development of triptycene-containing squaraine rotaxanes with high fluorescence quantum yields and large Stokes shifts.
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33
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Collins CG, Johnson AT, Connell RD, Nelson RA, Murgu I, Oliver AG, Smith BD. Effect of 1,3-adamantane bridging units within the surrounding macrocycle of squaraine rotaxanes. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00726c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Squaraine rotaxanes with macrocycles containing 1,3-adamantanedicarboxamide bridging units have altered chemical and luminescent properties due to a more loosely held rotaxane co-conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleton G. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Andrew T. Johnson
- Math and Science Department
- Concordia University – Portland
- Portland, USA
| | - Richard D. Connell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Ruth A. Nelson
- Math and Science Department
- Concordia University – Portland
- Portland, USA
| | - Ivan Murgu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame, USA
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UMEZAWA K, CITTERIO D, SUZUKI K. New Trends in Near-Infrared Fluorophores for Bioimaging. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:327-49. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel CITTERIO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Koji SUZUKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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