1
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Fang Y, Hillman AS, Fox JM. Advances in the Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Reagents: s-Tetrazines, 1,2,4-Triazines, Cyclooctynes, Heterocycloheptynes, and trans-Cyclooctenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:15. [PMID: 38703255 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Aligned with the increasing importance of bioorthogonal chemistry has been an increasing demand for more potent, affordable, multifunctional, and programmable bioorthogonal reagents. More advanced synthetic chemistry techniques, including transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, photoinduced chemistry, and continuous flow chemistry, have been employed in synthesizing novel bioorthogonal reagents for universal purposes. We discuss herein recent developments regarding the synthesis of popular bioorthogonal reagents, with a focus on s-tetrazines, 1,2,4-triazines, trans-cyclooctenes, cyclooctynes, hetero-cycloheptynes, and -trans-cycloheptenes. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most representative synthetic approaches of these reagents and their derivatives that are useful in bioorthogonal chemistry. The preparation of these molecules and their derivatives utilizes both classical approaches as well as the latest organic chemistry methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - Ashlyn S Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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2
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Bohrmann L, Poulie CBM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Karagiozov S, Saatchi K, Herth MM, Häfeli UO. Development of a 99mTc-labeled tetrazine for pretargeted SPECT imaging using an alendronic acid-based bone targeting model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300466. [PMID: 38626058 PMCID: PMC11020896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pretargeting, which is the separation of target accumulation and the administration of a secondary imaging agent into two sequential steps, offers the potential to improve image contrast and reduce radiation burden for nuclear imaging. In recent years, the tetrazine ligation has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate covalent pretargeted imaging due to its unprecedented kinetics and bioorthogonality. Pretargeted bone imaging with TCO-modified alendronic acid (Aln-TCO) is an attractive model that allows the evaluation of tetrazines in healthy animals without the need for complex disease models or targeting regimens. Recent structure-activity relationship studies of tetrazines evaluated important parameters for the design of potent tetrazine-radiotracers for pretargeted imaging. However, limited information is available for 99mTc-labeled tetrazines. In this study, four tetrazines intended for labeling with fac-[99mTc(OH2)3 (CO)3]+ were synthesized and evaluated using an Aln-TCO mouse model. 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-Tz without additional linker showed higher pretargeted bone uptake and less background activity compared to the same scaffold with a PEG8 linker or 3-phenyl-1,2,4,5-Tz-based compounds. Additionally, improved bone/blood ratios were observed in pretargeted animals compared to animals receiving directly labeled Aln-TCO. The results of this study implicate 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-Tz as a promising scaffold for potential 99mTc-labeled tetrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Bohrmann
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stoyan Karagiozov
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Bidesi N, Shalgunov V, Battisti UM, Hvass L, Jørgensen JT, Poulie CBM, Jensen AI, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Synthesis and radiolabeling of a polar [ 125 I]I-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:22-30. [PMID: 36539610 PMCID: PMC10107300 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pretargeting imaging has gained a lot of prominence, due to its excellent bioorthogonality and improved imaging contrast compared to conventional imaging. A new iodo tetrazine (Tz) derivative has been synthesized and further developed into the corresponding iodine-125 (125 I) analog (12), via the trimethylstannane precursor. Radiolabeling with either N-chlorosuccinimide or chloramine-T, in either MeCN or MeOH proceeded with a radiochemical conversion (RCC) of >80%. Subsequent deprotection only proved successful, among the tested conditions, when the radiolabeled Tz was stirred in 6-M HCl(aq.) at 60°C for 2.5 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first H-tetrazine labeled with iodine. In vivo investigations on the pretargeting ability of 12 are currently under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hvass
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Tranekjaer Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Center for Nuclear Technologies (DTU Nutech), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Radjani Bidesi NS, Battisti UM, Lopes van de Broek S, Shalgunov V, Dall AM, Bøggild Kristensen J, Sehlin D, Syvänen S, Moos Knudsen G, Herth MM. Development of the First Tritiated Tetrazine: Facilitating Tritiation of Proteins. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200539. [PMID: 36333105 PMCID: PMC10100488 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazine (Tz)-trans-cyclooctene (TCO) ligation is an ultra-fast and highly selective reaction and it is particularly suited to label biomolecules under physiological conditions. As such, a 3 H-Tz based synthon would have wide applications for in vitro/ex vivo assays. In this study, we developed a 3 H-labeled Tz and characterized its potential for application to pretargeted autoradiography. Several strategies were explored to synthesize such a Tz. However, classical approaches such as reductive halogenation failed. For this reason, we designed a Tz containing an aldehyde and explored the possibility of reducing this group with NaBT4 . This approach was successful and resulted in [3 H]-(4-(6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)methan-t-ol with a radiochemical yield of 22 %, a radiochemical purity of 96 % and a molar activity of 0.437 GBq/μmol (11.8 Ci/mmol). The compound was successfully applied to pretargeted autoradiography. Thus, we report the synthesis of the first 3 H-labeled Tz and its successful application as a labeling building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Shalina Radjani Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Lopes van de Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Dall
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Smørmosevej 17-19, Bagsvaerd, 2880, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dag Sehlin
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Recent Advances in the Development of Tetrazine Ligation Tools for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060685. [PMID: 35745604 PMCID: PMC9227058 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrazine ligation has gained interest as a bio-orthogonal chemistry tool within the last decade. In nuclear medicine, tetrazine ligation is currently being explored for pretargeted approaches, which have the potential to revolutionize state-of-the-art theranostic strategies. Pretargeting has been shown to increase target-to-background ratios for radiopharmaceuticals based on nanomedicines, especially within early timeframes. This allows the use of radionuclides with short half-lives which are more suited for clinical applications. Pretargeting bears the potential to increase the therapeutic dose delivered to the target as well as reduce the respective dose to healthy tissue. Combined with the possibility to be applied for diagnostic imaging, pretargeting could be optimal for theranostic approaches. In this review, we highlight efforts that have been made to radiolabel tetrazines with an emphasis on imaging.
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7
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García-Vázquez R, Jørgensen JT, Bratteby KE, Shalgunov V, Hvass L, Herth MM, Kjær A, Battisti UM. Development of 18F-Labeled Bispyridyl Tetrazines for In Vivo Pretargeted PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020245. [PMID: 35215356 PMCID: PMC8879724 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretargeted PET imaging is an emerging and fast-developing method to monitor immuno-oncology strategies. Currently, tetrazine ligation is considered the most promising bioorthogonal reaction for pretargeting in vivo. Recently, we have developed a method to 18F-label ultrareactive tetrazines by copper-mediated fluorinations. However, bispyridyl tetrazines—one of the most promising structures for in vivo pretargeted applications—were inaccessible using this strategy. We believed that our successful efforts to 18F-label H-tetrazines using low basic labeling conditions could also be used to label bispyridyl tetrazines via aliphatic nucleophilic substitution. Here, we report the first direct 18F-labeling of bispyridyl tetrazines, their optimization for in vivo use, as well as their successful application in pretargeted PET imaging. This strategy resulted in the design of [18F]45, which could be labeled in a satisfactorily radiochemical yield (RCY = 16%), molar activity (Am = 57 GBq/µmol), and high radiochemical purity (RCP > 98%). The [18F]45 displayed a target-to-background ratio comparable to previously successfully applied tracers for pretargeted imaging. This study showed that bispyridyl tetrazines can be developed into pretargeted imaging agents. These structures allow an easy chemical modification of 18F-labeled tetrazines, paving the road toward highly functionalized pretargeting tools. Moreover, bispyridyl tetrazines led to near-instant drug release of iTCO-tetrazine-based ‘click-to-release’ reactions. Consequently, 18F-labeled bispyridyl tetrazines bear the possibility to quantify such release in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Vázquez
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.-V.); (K.E.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Tranekjær Jørgensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Klas Erik Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.-V.); (K.E.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.-V.); (K.E.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hvass
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.-V.); (K.E.B.); (V.S.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (A.K.); (U.M.B.)
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (A.K.); (U.M.B.)
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.-V.); (K.E.B.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (A.K.); (U.M.B.)
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8
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Fischer NH, Lopes van den Broek SI, Herth MM, Diness F. Radiolabeled albumin through S NAr of cysteines as a potential pretargeting theranostic agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35032-35036. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06406e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin has been functionalized with a radionuclide by combining SNAr conjugation to Cys34 with CuAAC and inverse-electron demand Diels–Alder reactions demonstrating a promising strategy for generating theranostics by bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas H. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsparken 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Sara I. Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsparken 1, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
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9
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García-Vázquez R, Battisti UM, Shalgunov V, Schäfer G, Barz M, Herth MM. [ 11 C]Carboxylated Tetrazines for Facile Labeling of Trans-Cyclooctene-Functionalized PeptoBrushes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100655. [PMID: 34888977 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of macromolecules (antibodies, polymers, nanoparticles) with click-reactive groups greatly enhances the versatility of their potential applications. Click chemistry based on tetrazine - trans-cyclooctene (TCO) ligation is especially promising and is already widely applied for pretargeted imaging and therapy. Indirect radiolabeling of TCO-functionalized macromolecules with substoichiometric amounts of radioactive tetrazines is a convenient way to monitor the fate of those macromolecules by means of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after their administration into the test subject. In this work, the preparation is reported of TCO-containing graft copolymers, namely PeptoBrushes (polyglutamic acid-graft-polysarcosine), novel [11 C]carboxylated tetrazines, and their combined use in radiolabeling the polymer by inverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction, to investigate it is potential for an application in pretarget imaging or injectable brachytherapy. The procedure for [11 C]tetrazine production is easy and scalable, while indirect TCO-PeptoBrushes labeling with these [11 C]tetrazines is mild, fast, and quantitative. This strategy allows facile 11 C-labeling of diverse TCO-functionalized macromolecules, so that their localization and distribution shortly after injection can be assessed by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Vázquez
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Gabriela Schäfer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR) Leiden University Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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10
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Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Battisti UM, Petersen IN, van den Broek SL, Ohlsson T, Gillings N, Erlandsson M, Herth MM. Insights into Elution of Anion Exchange Cartridges: Opening the Path toward Aliphatic 18F-Radiolabeling of Base-Sensitive Tracers. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1556-1566. [PMID: 34661074 PMCID: PMC8506604 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Aliphatic nucleophilic
substitution (SN2) with [18F]fluoride is the
most widely applied method to prepare 18F-labeled positron
emission tomography (PET) tracers. Strong
basic conditions commonly used during 18F-labeling procedures
inherently limit or prohibit labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds.
The high basicity stems from the tradition to trap [18F]fluoride
on anion exchange cartridges and elute it afterward with basic anions.
This sequence is used to facilitate the transfer of [18F]fluoride from an aqueous to an aprotic organic, polar reaction
medium, which is beneficial for SN2 reactions. Furthermore,
this sequence also removes cationic radioactive contaminations from
cyclotron-irradiated [18O]water from which [18F]fluoride is produced. In this study, we developed an efficient
elution procedure resulting in low basicity that permits SN2 18F-labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds. Extensive
screening of trapping and elution conditions (>1000 experiments)
and
studying their influence on the radiochemical yield (RCY) allowed
us to identify a suitable procedure for this. Using this procedure,
four PET tracers and three synthons could be radiolabeled in substantially
higher RCYs (up to 2.5-fold) compared to those of previously published
procedures, even from lower precursor amounts. Encouraged by these
results, we applied our low-basicity method to the radiolabeling of
highly base-sensitive tetrazines, which cannot be labeled using state-of-art
direct aliphatic 18F-labeling procedures. Labeling succeeded
in RCYs of up to 20%. We believe that our findings facilitate PET
tracer development by opening the path toward simple and direct SN2 18F fluorination of base-sensitive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto Maria Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Nyman Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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García-Vázquez R, Battisti UM, Jørgensen JT, Shalgunov V, Hvass L, Stares DL, Petersen IN, Crestey F, Löffler A, Svatunek D, Kristensen JL, Mikula H, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Direct Cu-mediated aromatic 18F-labeling of highly reactive tetrazines for pretargeted bioorthogonal PET imaging. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11668-11675. [PMID: 34659701 PMCID: PMC8442695 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretargeted imaging can be used to visualize and quantify slow-accumulating targeting vectors with short-lived radionuclides such as fluorine-18 - the most popular clinically applied Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radionuclide. Pretargeting results in higher target-to-background ratios compared to conventional imaging approaches using long-lived radionuclides. Currently, the tetrazine ligation is the most popular bioorthogonal reaction for pretargeted imaging, but a direct 18F-labeling strategy for highly reactive tetrazines, which would be highly beneficial if not essential for clinical translation, has thus far not been reported. In this work, a simple, scalable and reliable direct 18F-labeling procedure has been developed. We initially studied the applicability of different leaving groups and labeling methods to develop this procedure. The copper-mediated 18F-labeling exploiting stannane precursors showed the most promising results. This approach was then successfully applied to a set of tetrazines, including highly reactive H-tetrazines, suitable for pretargeted PET imaging. The labeling succeeded in radiochemical yields (RCYs) of up to approx. 25%. The new procedure was then applied to develop a pretargeting tetrazine-based imaging agent. The tracer was synthesized in a satisfactory RCY of ca. 10%, with a molar activity of 134 ± 22 GBq μmol-1 and a radiochemical purity of >99%. Further evaluation showed that the tracer displayed favorable characteristics (target-to-background ratios and clearance) that may qualify it for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Vázquez
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Umberto M Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper T Jørgensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars Hvass
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Daniel L Stares
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ida N Petersen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - François Crestey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Löffler
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien) Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien) Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien) Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 160 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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12
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Stéen EJ, Jørgensen JT, Denk C, Battisti UM, Nørregaard K, Edem PE, Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Wilkovitsch M, Svatunek D, Poulie CBM, Hvass L, Simón M, Wanek T, Rossin R, Robillard M, Kristensen JL, Mikula H, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Lipophilicity and Click Reactivity Determine the Performance of Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Tools in Pretargeted In Vivo Chemistry. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:824-833. [PMID: 33860205 PMCID: PMC8033778 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly selective and fast biocompatible reactions for ligation and cleavage has paved the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic applications of pretargeted in vivo chemistry. The concept of bioorthogonal pretargeting has attracted considerable interest, in particular for the targeted delivery of radionuclides and drugs. In nuclear medicine, pretargeting can provide increased target-to-background ratios at early time-points compared to traditional approaches. This reduces the radiation burden to healthy tissue and, depending on the selected radionuclide, enables better imaging contrast or higher therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, bioorthogonally triggered cleavage of pretargeted antibody-drug conjugates represents an emerging strategy to achieve controlled release and locally increased drug concentrations. The toolbox of bioorthogonal reactions has significantly expanded in the past decade, with the tetrazine ligation being the fastest and one of the most versatile in vivo chemistries. Progress in the field, however, relies heavily on the development and evaluation of (radio)labeled compounds, preventing the use of compound libraries for systematic studies. The rational design of tetrazine probes and triggers has thus been impeded by the limited understanding of the impact of structural parameters on the in vivo ligation performance. In this work, we describe the development of a pretargeted blocking assay that allows for the investigation of the in vivo fate of a structurally diverse library of 45 unlabeled tetrazines and their capability to reach and react with pretargeted trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-modified antibodies in tumor-bearing mice. This study enabled us to assess the correlation of click reactivity and lipophilicity of tetrazines with their in vivo performance. In particular, high rate constants (>50 000 M-1 s-1) for the reaction with TCO and low calculated logD 7.4 values (below -3) of the tetrazine were identified as strong indicators for successful pretargeting. Radiolabeling gave access to a set of selected 18F-labeled tetrazines, including highly reactive scaffolds, which were used in pretargeted PET imaging studies to confirm the results from the blocking study. These insights thus enable the rational design of tetrazine probes for in vivo application and will thereby assist the clinical translation of bioorthogonal pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Johanna
L. Stéen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christoph Denk
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Umberto M. Battisti
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patricia E. Edem
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Klas Bratteby
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Radiation Physics, Skåne University
Hospital, Barngatan 3, 22242 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lars Hvass
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marina Simón
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical
Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute
of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marc Robillard
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Poulie CBM, Jørgensen JT, Shalgunov V, Kougioumtzoglou G, Jeppesen TE, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Evaluation of [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-PEG 7-H-Tz for Pretargeted Imaging in LS174T Xenografts-Comparison to [ 111In]In-DOTA-PEG 11-BisPy-Tz. Molecules 2021; 26:544. [PMID: 33494416 PMCID: PMC7865927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretargeted nuclear imaging for the diagnosis of various cancers is an emerging and fast developing field. The tetrazine ligation is currently considered the most promising reaction in this respect. Monoclonal antibodies are often the preferred choice as pretargeting vector due to their outstanding targeting properties. In this work, we evaluated the performance of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-PEG7-H-Tz using a setup we previously used for [111In]In-DOTA-PEG11-BisPy-Tz, thereby allowing for comparison of the performance of these two promising pretargeting imaging agents. The evaluation included a comparison of the physicochemical properties of the compounds and their performance in an ex vivo blocking assay. Finally, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-PEG7-H-Tz was evaluated in a pretargeted imaging study and compared to [111In]In-DOTA-PEG11-BisPy-Tz. Despite minor differences, this study indicated that both evaluated tetrazines are equally suited for pretargeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.M.P.); (V.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (T.E.J.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.M.P.); (V.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgios Kougioumtzoglou
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.M.P.); (V.S.); (G.K.)
| | - Troels Elmer Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (T.E.J.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (T.E.J.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.B.M.P.); (V.S.); (G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.T.J.); (T.E.J.)
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14
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Stéen EJ, Jørgensen JT, Johann K, Nørregaard K, Sohr B, Svatunek D, Birke A, Shalgunov V, Edem PE, Rossin R, Seidl C, Schmid F, Robillard MS, Kristensen JL, Mikula H, Barz M, Kjær A, Herth MM. Trans-Cyclooctene-Functionalized PeptoBrushes with Improved Reaction Kinetics of the Tetrazine Ligation for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. ACS NANO 2020; 14:568-584. [PMID: 31820928 PMCID: PMC7075664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor targeting using agents with slow pharmacokinetics represents a major challenge in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy as they most often result in low imaging contrast and high radiation dose to healthy tissue. To address this challenge, we developed a polymer-based targeting agent that can be used for pretargeted imaging and thus separates tumor accumulation from the imaging step in time. The developed targeting agent is based on polypeptide-graft-polypeptoid polymers (PeptoBrushes) functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO). The complementary 111In-labeled imaging agent is a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivative, which can react with aforementioned TCO-modified PeptoBrushes in a rapid bioorthogonal ligation. A high degree of TCO loading (up to 30%) was achieved, without altering the physicochemical properties of the polymeric nanoparticle. The highest degree of TCO loading resulted in significantly increased reaction rates (77-fold enhancement) compared to those with small molecule TCO moieties when using lipophilic tetrazines. Based on computer simulations, we hypothesize that this increase is a result of hydrophobic effects and significant rearrangements within the polymer framework, in which hydrophobic patches of TCO moieties are formed. These patches attract lipophilic tetrazines, leading to increased reaction rates in the bioorthogonal ligation. The most reactive system was evaluated as a targeting agent for pretargeted imaging in tumor-bearing mice. After the setup was optimized, sufficient tumor-to-background ratios were achieved as early as 2 h after administration of the tetrazine imaging agent, which further improved at 22 h, enabling clear visualization of CT-26 tumors. These findings show the potential of PeptoBrushes to be used as a pretargeting agent when an optimized dose of polymer is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Johanna
L. Stéen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Johann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patricia E. Edem
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Seidl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmid
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7-9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks
Pharmaceuticals, Geert
Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Edem PE, Jørgensen JT, Nørregaard K, Rossin R, Yazdani A, Valliant JF, Robillard M, Herth MM, Kjaer A. Evaluation of a 68Ga-Labeled DOTA-Tetrazine as a PET Alternative to 111In-SPECT Pretargeted Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030463. [PMID: 31979070 PMCID: PMC7036891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioorthogonal reaction between a tetrazine and strained trans-cyclooctene (TCO) has garnered success in pretargeted imaging. This reaction was first validated in nuclear imaging using an 111In-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-linked bispyridyl tetrazine (Tz) ([111In]In-DOTA-PEG11-Tz) and a TCO functionalized CC49 antibody. Given the initial success of this Tz, it has been paired with TCO functionalized small molecules, diabodies, and affibodies for in vivo pretargeted studies. Furthermore, the single photon emission tomography (SPECT) radionuclide, 111In, has been replaced with the β-emitter, 177Lu and α-emitter, 212Pb, both yielding the opportunity for targeted radiotherapy. Despite use of the ‘universal chelator’, DOTA, there is yet to be an analogue suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) using a widely available radionuclide. Here, a 68Ga-labeled variant ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG11-Tz) was developed and evaluated using two different in vivo pretargeting systems (Aln-TCO and TCO-CC49). Small animal imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed and revealed target specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG11-Tz in the bone (3.7 %ID/g, knee) in mice pretreated with Aln-TCO and tumor specific uptake (5.8 %ID/g) with TCO-CC49 in mice bearing LS174 xenografts. Given the results of this study, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG11-Tz can serve as an alternative to [111In]In-DOTA-PEG11-Tz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E. Edem
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.E.E.); (J.T.J.); (K.N.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.E.E.); (J.T.J.); (K.N.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.E.E.); (J.T.J.); (K.N.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdolreza Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (A.Y.); (J.F.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155–6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (A.Y.); (J.F.V.)
| | - Marc Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.E.E.); (J.T.J.); (K.N.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.E.E.); (J.T.J.); (K.N.)
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (A.K.)
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16
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Recent Advances in Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry for Efficient Synthesis of Radiotracers and Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193567. [PMID: 31581645 PMCID: PMC6803924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several catalyst-free site-specific reactions have been investigated for the efficient conjugation of biomolecules, nanomaterials, and living cells. Representative functional group pairs for these reactions include the following: (1) azide and cyclooctyne for strain-promoted cycloaddition reaction, (2) tetrazine and trans-alkene for inverse-electron-demand-Diels–Alder reaction, and (3) electrophilic heterocycles and cysteine for rapid condensation/addition reaction. Due to their excellent specificities and high reaction rates, these conjugation methods have been utilized for the labeling of radioisotopes (e.g., radiohalogens, radiometals) to various target molecules. The radiolabeled products prepared by these methods have been applied to preclinical research, such as in vivo molecular imaging, pharmacokinetic studies, and radiation therapy of cancer cells. In this review, we explain the basics of these chemical reactions and introduce their recent applications in the field of radiopharmacy and chemical biology. In addition, we discuss the significance, current challenges, and prospects of using bioorthogonal conjugation reactions.
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17
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Dong P, Wang X, Zheng J, Zhang X, Li Y, Wu H, Li L. Recent Advances in Targeting Nuclear Molecular Imaging Driven by Tetrazine Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:3924-3943. [PMID: 31267851 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190702105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging techniques apply sophisticated technologies to monitor, directly or indirectly, the spatiotemporal distribution of molecular or cellular processes for biomedical, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes. For example, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, the most representative modalities of molecular imaging, enable earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. New possibilities for noninvasive molecular imaging in vivo have emerged with advances in bioorthogonal chemistry. For example, tetrazine-related Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions can rapidly generate short-lived radioisotope probes in vivo that provide strong contrast for SPECT and PET. Here, we review pretargeting strategies for molecular imaging and novel radiotracers synthesized via tetrazine bioorthogonal chemistry. We systematically describe advances in direct radiolabeling and pretargeting approaches in SPECT and PET using metal and nonmetal radioisotopes based on tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions, and we discuss prospects for the future of such contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junwei Zheng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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18
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Denk C, Wilkovitsch M, Aneheim E, Herth MM, Jensen H, Lindegren S, Mikula H. Multifunctional Clickable Reagents for Rapid Bioorthogonal Astatination and Radio-Crosslinking. Chempluschem 2019; 84:775-778. [PMID: 31681526 PMCID: PMC6813637 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, several developments have expanded the chemical toolbox for astatination and the preparation of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. However, there is still a need for advanced methods for the synthesis of astatinated (bio)molecules to address challenges such as limited in vivo stability. Herein, we report the development of multifunctional 211At-labeled reagents that can be prepared by applying a modular and versatile click approach for rapid assembly. The introduction of tetrazines as bioorthogonal tags enables rapid radiolabeling and radio-crosslinking, which is demonstrated by steric shielding of 211At to significantly increase label stability in human blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Denk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of Technology (TU Wien)Getreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Martin Wilkovitsch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of Technology (TU Wien)Getreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Department of Radiation Physics Institute for Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGula Stråket 2b41345GothenburgSweden
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of Copenhagen2100CopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyNuclear Medicine & PET RigshospitaletBlegdamsvej 92100Copenhagen (Denmark
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyNuclear Medicine & PET RigshospitaletBlegdamsvej 92100Copenhagen (Denmark
| | - Sture Lindegren
- Department of Radiation Physics Institute for Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGula Stråket 2b41345GothenburgSweden
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryVienna University of Technology (TU Wien)Getreidemarkt 9/1631060ViennaAustria
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19
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Edem PE, Sinnes JP, Pektor S, Bausbacher N, Rossin R, Yazdani A, Miederer M, Kjær A, Valliant JF, Robillard MS, Rösch F, Herth MM. Evaluation of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction in rats using a scandium-44-labelled tetrazine for pretargeted PET imaging. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:49. [PMID: 31140047 PMCID: PMC6538705 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretargeted imaging allows the use of short-lived radionuclides when imaging the accumulation of slow clearing targeting agents such as antibodies. The biotin-(strept)avidin and the bispecific antibody-hapten interactions have been applied in clinical pretargeting studies; unfortunately, these systems led to immunogenic responses in patients. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a radiolabelled tetrazine (Tz) and a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized targeting vector is a promising alternative for clinical pretargeted imaging due to its fast reaction kinetics. This strategy was first applied in nuclear medicine using an 111In-labelled Tz to image TCO-functionalized antibodies in tumour-bearing mice. Since then, the IEDDA has been used extensively in pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy; however, these studies have only been performed in mice. Herein, we report the 44Sc labelling of a Tz and evaluate it in pretargeted imaging in Wistar rats. RESULTS 44Sc was obtained from an in house 44Ti/44Sc generator. A 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-functionalized tetrazine was radiolabelled with 44Sc resulting in radiochemical yields of 85-95%, a radiochemical purity > 99% at an apparent molar activity of 1 GBq/mmol. The 44Sc-labelled Tz maintained stability in solution for up to 24 h. A TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate, which accumulates in skeletal tissue, was used as a targeting vector to evaluate the 44Sc-labelled Tz. Biodistribution data of the 44Sc-labelled Tz showed specific uptake (0.9 ± 0.3% ID/g) in the bones (humerus and femur) of rats pre-treated with the TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate. This uptake was not present in rats not receiving pre-treatment (< 0.03% ID/g). CONCLUSIONS We have prepared a 44Sc-labelled Tz and used it in pretargeted PET imaging with rats treated with TCO-functionalized bisphosponates. This allowed for the evaluation of the IEDDA reaction in animals larger than a typical mouse. Non-target accumulation was low, and there was a 30-fold higher bone uptake in the pre-treated rats compared to the non-treated controls. Given its convenient half-life and the ability to perform positron emission tomography with a previously studied DOTA-functionalized Tz, scandium-44 (t1/2 = 3.97 h) proved to be a suitable radioisotope for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Edem
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stefanie Pektor
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdolreza Yazdani
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthias Miederer
- University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John F Valliant
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Marc S Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rösch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstraße 21, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Stéen EJL, Jørgensen JT, Petersen IN, Nørregaard K, Lehel S, Shalgunov V, Birke A, Edem PE, L'Estrade ET, Hansen HD, Villadsen J, Erlandsson M, Ohlsson T, Yazdani A, Valliant JF, Kristensen JL, Barz M, Knudsen GM, Kjær A, Herth MM. Improved radiosynthesis and preliminary in vivo evaluation of the 11C-labeled tetrazine [ 11C]AE-1 for pretargeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:986-990. [PMID: 30795854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pretargeted nuclear imaging based on the ligation between tetrazines and nano-sized targeting agents functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) has recently been shown to improve both imaging contrast and dosimetry in nuclear imaging of nanomedicines. Herein, we describe the improved radiosynthesis of a 11C-labeled tetrazine ([11C]AE-1) and its preliminary evaluation in both mice and pigs. Pretargeted imaging in mice was carried out using both a new TCO-functionalized polyglutamic acid and a previously reported TCO-functionalized bisphosphonate system as targeting agents. Unfortunately, pretargeted imaging was not successful using these targeting agents in pair with [11C]AE-1. However, brain imaging in pig indicated that the tracer crossed the blood-brain-barrier. Hence, we suggest that this tetrazine scaffold could be used as a starting point for the development of pretargeted brain imaging, which has so far been a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johanna L Stéen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida N Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia E Edem
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elina T L'Estrade
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Villadsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdolreza Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jesper L Kristensen
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Mandikian D, Rafidi H, Adhikari P, Venkatraman P, Nazarova L, Fung G, Figueroa I, Ferl GZ, Ulufatu S, Ho J, McCaughey C, Lau J, Yu SF, Prabhu S, Sadowsky J, Boswell CA. Site-specific conjugation allows modulation of click reaction stoichiometry for pretargeted SPECT imaging. MAbs 2018; 10:1269-1280. [PMID: 30199303 PMCID: PMC6284555 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1521132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody pretargeting is a promising strategy for improving molecular imaging, wherein the separation in time of antibody targeting and radiolabeling can lead to rapid attainment of high contrast, potentially increased sensitivity, and reduced patient radiation exposure. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder ‘click’ reaction between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) conjugated antibodies and radiolabeled tetrazines presents an ideal platform for pretargeted imaging due to rapid reaction kinetics, bioorthogonality, and potential for optimization of both slow and fast clearing components. Herein, we evaluated a series of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) pretargeting antibodies containing distinct molar ratios of site-specifically incorporated TCO. The effect of stoichiometry on tissue distribution was assessed for pretargeting TCO-modified antibodies (monitored by 125I) and subsequent accumulation of an 111In-labeled tetrazine in a therapeutically relevant HER2+tumor-bearing mouse model. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was also employed to assess tumor imaging at various TCO-to-monoclonal antibody (mAb) ratios. Increasing TCO-to-mAb molar ratios correlated with increased in vivo click reaction efficiency evident by increased tumor distribution and systemic exposure of 111In-labeled tetrazines. The pharmacokinetics of TCO-modified antibodies did not vary with stoichiometry. Pretargeted SPECT imaging of HER2-expressing tumors using 111In-labeled tetrazine demonstrated robust click reaction with circulating antibody at ~2 hours and good tumor delineation for both the 2 and 6 TCO-to-mAb ratio variants at 24 hours, consistent with a limited cell-surface pool of pretargeted antibody and benefit from further distribution and internalization. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported systematic analysis of how pretargeted imaging is affected solely by variation in click reaction stoichiometry through site-specific conjugation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mandikian
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Hanine Rafidi
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Pragya Adhikari
- b Protein Chemistry , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Priya Venkatraman
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Lidia Nazarova
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gabriel Fung
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Isabel Figueroa
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gregory Z Ferl
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sheila Ulufatu
- c In Vivo Studies , Genentech Research and Early Development , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason Ho
- c In Vivo Studies , Genentech Research and Early Development , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cynthia McCaughey
- c In Vivo Studies , Genentech Research and Early Development , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- d Translational Oncology , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- d Translational Oncology , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Saileta Prabhu
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- b Protein Chemistry , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- a Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics , Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco , CA , USA
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22
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Cook BE, Membreno R, Zeglis BM. Dendrimer Scaffold for the Amplification of In Vivo Pretargeting Ligations. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2734-2740. [PMID: 29969558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of immunoconjugates requires a careful balance between preserving the functionality of the antibody and modifying the immunoglobulin with the desired cargo. Herein, we describe the synthesis, development, and in vivo evaluation of a novel bifunctional dendrimeric scaffold and its application in pretargeted PET imaging. The site-specific modification of the huA33 antibody with this dendrimeric scaffold yields an immunoconjugate-sshuA33-DEN-TCO-decorated with ∼8 trans-cyclooctene (TCO) moieties, a marked increase compared to the ∼2 TCO/mAb of a nondendrimeric control immunoconjugate (sshuA33-PEG12-TCO). Pretargeted PET imaging and biodistribution experiments were used to compare the in vivo performance of these two immunoconjugates in athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous SW1222 human colorectal cancer xenografts. To this end, the mice were administered 100 μg of each immunoconjugate followed 120 h later by the injection of a tetrazine-bearing radioligand, [64Cu]Cu-SarAr-Tz. Pretargeting with sshuA33-DEN-TCO produced excellent tumoral uptake at 24 h (8.9 ± 1.9 %ID/g), more than double that created by sshuA33-PEG12-TCO (4.1 ± 1.3 %ID/g). Critically-and somewhat surprisingly-the attachment of the G0.5 dendrimeric structures did not hamper the in vivo behavior of the immunoconjugate, suggesting that this versatile bifunctional scaffold may have applications beyond pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon E Cook
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Rosemery Membreno
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10016 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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23
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Stéen EJL, Edem PE, Nørregaard K, Jørgensen JT, Shalgunov V, Kjaer A, Herth MM. Pretargeting in nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy: Improving efficacy of theranostics and nanomedicines. Biomaterials 2018; 179:209-245. [PMID: 30007471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pretargeted nuclear imaging and radiotherapy have recently attracted increasing attention for diagnosis and treatment of cancer with nanomedicines. This is because it conceptually offers better imaging contrast and therapeutic efficiency while reducing the dose to radiosensitive tissues compared to conventional strategies. In conventional imaging and radiotherapy, a directly radiolabeled nano-sized vector is administered and allowed to accumulate in the tumor, typically on a timescale of several days. In contrast, pretargeting is based on a two-step approach. First, a tumor-accumulating vector carrying a tag is administered followed by injection of a fast clearing radiolabeled agent that rapidly recognizes the tag of the tumor-bound vector in vivo. Therefore, pretargeting circumvents the use of long-lived radionuclides that is a necessity for sufficient tumor accumulation and target-to-background ratios using conventional approaches. In this review, we give an overview of recent advances in pretargeted imaging strategies. We will critically reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of current state-of-the-art conventional imaging approaches and compare them to pretargeted strategies. We will discuss the pretargeted imaging concept and the involved chemistry. Finally, we will discuss the steps forward in respect to clinical translation, and how pretargeted strategies could be applied to improve state-of-the-art radiotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia E Edem
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Oliveira BL, Guo Z, Bernardes GJL. Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions in chemical biology. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4895-4950. [PMID: 28660957 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and biocompatibility. With the recent discovery of novel dienophiles and optimal tetrazine coupling partners, attention has now been turned to the use of IEDDA approaches in basic biology, imaging and therapeutics. Here we review this bioorthogonal reaction and its promising applications for live cell and animal studies. We first discuss the key factors that contribute to the fast IEDDA kinetics and describe the most recent advances in the synthesis of tetrazine and dienophile coupling partners. Both coupling partners have been incorporated into proteins for tracking and imaging by use of fluorogenic tetrazines that become strongly fluorescent upon reaction. Selected notable examples of such applications are presented. The exceptional fast kinetics of this catalyst-free reaction, even using low concentrations of coupling partners, make it amenable for in vivo radiolabelling using pretargeting methodologies, which are also discussed. Finally, IEDDA reactions have recently found use in bioorthogonal decaging to activate proteins or drugs in gain-of-function strategies. We conclude by showing applications of the IEDDA reaction in the construction of biomaterials that are used for drug delivery and multimodal imaging, among others. The use and utility of the IEDDA reaction is interdisciplinary and promises to revolutionize chemical biology, radiochemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - G J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
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25
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DOTA-tetrazine probes with modified linkers for tumor pretargeting. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 55:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Siegl SJ, Dzijak R, Vázquez A, Pohl R, Vrabel M. The discovery of pyridinium 1,2,4-triazines with enhanced performance in bioconjugation reactions. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3593-3598. [PMID: 30155204 PMCID: PMC6092722 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2,4-Triazines have recently been identified as versatile dienes participating in the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction with strained dienophiles. However, their widespread utility in bioconjugation reactions is still limited. Herein, we report a systematic study on the reactivity of various 1,2,4-triazines with trans-cyclooctenes showing that the structure of both the triazine and the dienophile significantly affect the reaction rate. Our kinetic study led to the discovery of novel cationic 1,2,4-triazines with superior properties for bioconjugation reactions. We have developed an efficient method that enables their late-stage functionalization and allows for easy access to various useful heterobifunctional scaffolds. In addition, these charged dienes form unprecedented fluorescent products upon reaction with trans-cyclooctenes and can be used for fluorogenic labeling of subcellular compartments in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Siegl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , 16610 , Prague , Czech Republic .
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27
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Bilton HA, Ahmad Z, Janzen N, Czorny S, Valliant JF. Preparation and Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled Tridentate Chelates for Pre-targeting Using Bioorthogonal Chemistry. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190049 DOI: 10.3791/55188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-targeting combined with bioorthogonal chemistry is emerging as an effective way to create new radiopharmaceuticals. Of the methods available, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition between a radiolabeled tetrazines and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) linked to a biomolecule has proven to be a highly effective bioorthogonal approach to imaging specific biological targets. Despite the fact that technetium-99m remains the most widely used isotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing 99mTc-labeled tetrazines. Herein we report the preparation of a family of tridentate-chelate-tetrazine derivatives and their Tc(I) complexes. These hitherto unknown compounds were radiolabeled with 99mTc using a microwave-assisted method in 31% to 83% radiochemical yield. The products are stable in saline and PBS and react rapidly with TCO derivatives in vitro. Their in vivo pre-targeting abilities were demonstrated using a TCO-bisphosphonate (TCO-BP) derivative that localizes to regions of active bone metabolism or injury. In murine studies, the 99mTc-tetrazines showed high activity concentrations in knees and shoulder joints, which was not observed when experiments were performed in the absence of TCO-BP. The overall uptake in non-target organs and pharmacokinetics varied greatly depending on the nature of the linker and polarity of the chelate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Bilton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University
| | - Zainab Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University
| | - Shannon Czorny
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University;
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28
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Yazdani A, Janzen N, Czorny S, Ungard RG, Miladinovic T, Singh G, Valliant JF. Preparation of tetrazine-containing [2 + 1] complexes of 99mTc and in vivo targeting using bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels–Alder chemistry. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new 99mTc-labelled tetrazine for targeted imaging using bioorthogonal chemistry was developed and evaluated in vivo using a trans-cyclooctene derived bisphosphonate targeting regions of high bone turnover and bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Shannon Czorny
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Robert G. Ungard
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Tanya Miladinovic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization
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29
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In Vivo Radionuclide Generators for Diagnostics and Therapy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:6148357. [PMID: 28058040 PMCID: PMC5183759 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo radionuclide generators make complex combinations of physical and chemical properties available for medical diagnostics and therapy. Perhaps the best-known in vivo generator is 212Pb/212Bi, which takes advantage of the extended half-life of 212Pb to execute a targeted delivery of the therapeutic short-lived α-emitter 212Bi. Often, as in the case of 81Rb/81Kr, chemical changes resulting from the transmutation of the parent are relied upon for diagnostic value. In other instances such as with extended alpha decay chains, chemical changes may lead to unwanted consequences. This article reviews some common and not-so-common in vivo generators with the purpose of understanding their value in medicine and medical research. This is currently relevant in light of a recent push for alpha emitters in targeted therapies, which often come with extended decay chains.
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30
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A 99mTc-Labelled Tetrazine for Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Synthesis and Biodistribution Studies with Small Molecule trans-Cyclooctene Derivatives. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167425. [PMID: 27936007 PMCID: PMC5147877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient strategy to radiolabel a hydrazinonicotonic acid (HYNIC)-derived tetrazine with 99mTc was developed, and its utility for creating probes to image bone metabolism and bacterial infection using both active and pretargeting strategies was demonstrated. The 99mTc-labelled HYNIC-tetrazine was synthesized in 75% yield and exhibited high stability in vitro and in vivo. A trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-labelled bisphosphonate (TCO-BP) that binds to regions of active calcium metabolism was used to evaluate the utility of the labelled tetrazine for bioorthogonal chemistry. The pretargeting approach, with 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine administered to mice one hour after TCO-BP, showed significant uptake of radioactivity in regions of active bone metabolism (knees and shoulders) at 6 hours post-injection. For comparison, TCO-BP was reacted with 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine before injection and this active targeting also showed high specific uptake in the knees and shoulders, whereas control 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine alone did not. A TCO-vancomycin derivative was similarly employed for targeting Staphylococcus aureus infection in vitro and in vivo. Pretargeting and active targeting strategies showed 2.5- and 3-fold uptake, respectively, at the sites of a calf-muscle infection in a murine model, compared to the contralateral control muscle. These results demonstrate the utility of the 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine for preparing new technetium radiopharmaceuticals, including those based on small molecule targeting constructs containing TCO, using either active or pretargeting strategies.
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31
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Meyer JP, Adumeau P, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: The First 10 Years. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2791-2807. [PMID: 27787983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of click chemistry has had a profound influence on almost all branches of chemical science. This is particularly true of radiochemistry and the synthesis of agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and targeted radiotherapy. The selectivity, ease, rapidity, and modularity of click ligations make them nearly ideally suited for the construction of radiotracers, a process that often involves working with biomolecules in aqueous conditions with inexorably decaying radioisotopes. In the following pages, our goal is to provide a broad overview of the first 10 years of research at the intersection of click chemistry and radiochemistry. The discussion will focus on four areas that we believe underscore the critical advantages provided by click chemistry: (i) the use of prosthetic groups for radiolabeling reactions, (ii) the creation of coordination scaffolds for radiometals, (iii) the site-specific radiolabeling of proteins and peptides, and (iv) the development of strategies for in vivo pretargeting. Particular emphasis will be placed on the four most prevalent click reactions-the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), and the Staudinger ligation-although less well-known click ligations will be discussed as well. Ultimately, it is our hope that this review will not only serve to educate readers but will also act as a springboard, inspiring synthetic chemists and radiochemists alike to harness click chemistry in even more innovative and ambitious ways as we embark upon the second decade of this fruitful collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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32
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Denk C, Svatunek D, Mairinger S, Stanek J, Filip T, Matscheko D, Kuntner C, Wanek T, Mikula H. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Low-Molecular-Weight (11)C-Labeled Tetrazine for Pretargeted PET Imaging Applying Bioorthogonal in Vivo Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1707-12. [PMID: 27308894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight tetrazine labeled with the short-lived positron emitter carbon-11 was developed as a bioorthogonal PET probe for pretargeted imaging. A method for efficient and fast synthesis of this imaging agent is presented using radiolabeling of a readily available precursor. High reactivity with trans-cyclooctenes was observed and in vivo investigations including PET/MR scanning showed homogeneous biodistribution, good metabolic stability, and rapid excretion in naive mice. These properties are key to the success of bioorthogonal (11)C-PET imaging, which has been shown in a simple pretargeting experiment using TCO-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Overall, this (11)C-labeled tetrazine represents a highly versatile and advantageous chemical tool for bioorthogonal PET imaging and enables pretargeting approaches using carbon-11 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Denk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Health and Environment Department, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology , 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Health and Environment Department, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology , 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Health and Environment Department, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology , 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Dominik Matscheko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Health and Environment Department, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology , 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Health and Environment Department, Biomedical Systems, Austrian Institute of Technology , 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology , 1040 Wien, Austria
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33
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Choi MH, Shim HE, Yun SJ, Kim HR, Mushtaq S, Lee CH, Park SH, Choi DS, Lee DE, Byun EB, Jang BS, Jeon J. Highly efficient method for 125I-radiolabeling of biomolecules using inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2589-2594. [PMID: 27134118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present a rapid and highly efficient method for radioactive iodine labeling of trans-cyclooctene group conjugated biomolecules using inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Radioiodination reaction of the tetrazine structure was carried out using the stannylated precursor 2 to give 125I-labeled product ([125I]1) with high radiochemical yield (65±8%) and radiochemical purity (>99%). For radiolabeling application of [125I]1, trans-cyclooctene derived cRGD peptide and human serum albumin were prepared. These substrates were reacted with [125I]1 under mild condition to provide the radiolabeled products [125I]6 and [125I]8, respectively, with excellent radiochemical yields. The biodistribution study of [125I]8 in normal ICR mice showed significantly lower thyroid uptake values than that of 125I-labeled human serum albumin prepared by a traditional radiolabeling method. Therefore [125I]8 will be a useful radiolabeled tracer in various molecular imaging and biological studies. Those results clearly demonstrate that [125I]1 will be used as a valuable prosthetic group for radiolabeling of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jae Yun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajid Mushtaq
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Heon Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Seong Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Jang
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Jeon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Zhu J, Li S, Wängler C, Wängler B, Lennox RB, Schirrmacher R. Synthesis of 3-chloro-6-((4-(di-tert-butyl[(18)F]fluorosilyl)-benzyl)oxy)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ([(18)F]SiFA-OTz) for rapid tetrazine-based (18)F-radiolabeling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12415-8. [PMID: 26145162 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method to prepare the (18)F-labeled tetrazine-derivative [(18)F]-SiFA-OTz for bioorthogonal radiochemistry was developed. [(18)F]-SiFA-OTz can be synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 78 ± 5% within 25 min and can quantitatively react with a model strained dienophile, trans-cyclooctenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada.
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35
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Wang M, Svatunek D, Rohlfing K, Liu Y, Wang H, Giglio B, Yuan H, Wu Z, Li Z, Fox J. Conformationally Strained trans-Cyclooctene (sTCO) Enables the Rapid Construction of (18)F-PET Probes via Tetrazine Ligation. Theranostics 2016; 6:887-95. [PMID: 27162558 PMCID: PMC4860896 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioorthogonal reaction between tetrazines and trans-cyclooctenes is a method for the rapid construction of F-18 probes for PET imaging. Described here is a second generation 18F-labeling system based on a conformationally strained trans-cyclooctene (sTCO)—a dienophile that is approximately 2 orders of magnitude more reactive than conventional TCO dienophiles. Starting from a readily prepared tosylate precursor, an 18F labeled sTCO derivative (18F-sTCO) could be synthesized in 29.3 +/- 5.1% isolated yield and with high specific activity. Tetrazine ligation was carried out with a cyclic RGD-conjugate of a diphenyl-s-tetrazine analogue (RGD-Tz) chosen from a diene class with an excellent combination of fast reactivity and stability both for the diene as well as the Diels-Alder adduct. For both the tetrazine and the sTCO, mini-PEG spacers were included to enhance solubility and improve the in vivo distribution profile of the resulting probe. Extremely fast reactivity (up to 2.86 x 105 M-1s-1 at 25 °C in water) has been observed in kinetic studies in the reaction of sTCO with diphenyl-s-tetrazine derivatives. A kinetic study on sTCO diastereomers in 55:45 MeOH:water showed that the syn-diastereomer displayed slightly faster reactivity than the anti-diastereomer. An 18F-sTCO conjugate with RGD-Tz demonstrated prominent and persistent tumor uptake in vivo with good tumor-to-background contrast. Unlike most radiolabeled RGD peptides, the tumor uptake of this PET agent increased from 5.3 +/- 0.2% ID/g at 1 h post injection (p.i.), to 8.9 +/- 0.5% ID/g at 4 h p.i., providing evidence for prolonged blood circulation. These findings suggest that tetrazine ligations employing 18F-sTCO should serve as a powerful and general platform for the rapid construction of peptide or protein derived PET agents.
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36
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Chaturvedi S, Mishra AK. Small Molecule Radiopharmaceuticals - A Review of Current Approaches. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:5. [PMID: 26942181 PMCID: PMC4763069 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are an integral component of nuclear medicine and are widely applied in diagnostics and therapy. Though widely applied, the development of an “ideal” radiopharmaceutical can be challenging. Issues such as specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and feasible chemistry challenge the design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. Over time, strategies to address the issues have evolved by making use of new technological advances in the fields of biology and chemistry. This review presents the application of few advances in design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. The topics covered are bivalent ligand approach and lipidization as part of design modifications for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and novel synthetic strategies for optimized chemistry and radiolabeling of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
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37
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Meyer JP, Houghton J, Kozlowski P, Abdel-Atti D, Reiner T, Pillarsetty NVK, Scholz WW, Zeglis BM, Lewis JS. (18)F-Based Pretargeted PET Imaging Based on Bioorthogonal Diels-Alder Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:298-301. [PMID: 26479967 PMCID: PMC4759614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-of-its-kind (18)F pretargeted PET imaging approach based on the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) is presented. As proof-of-principle, a TCO-bearing immunoconjugate of the anti-CA19.9 antibody 5B1 and an Al[(18)F]NOTA-labeled tetrazine radioligand were harnessed for the visualization of CA19.9-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts. Biodistribution and (18)F-PET imaging data clearly demonstrate that this methodology effectively delineates tumor mass with activity concentrations up to 6.4 %ID/g at 4 h after injection of the radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philip Meyer
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jacob
L. Houghton
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Kozlowski
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dalya Abdel-Atti
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Wolfgang W. Scholz
- MabVax
Therapeutics, 11588 Sorrento
Valley Road Suite 20, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City
University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United
States
- The
Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular
Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering
Cancer Center, 1275 York
Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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38
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Keinänen O, Li XG, Chenna NK, Lumen D, Ott J, Molthoff CFM, Sarparanta M, Helariutta K, Vuorinen T, Windhorst AD, Airaksinen AJ. A New Highly Reactive and Low Lipophilicity Fluorine-18 Labeled Tetrazine Derivative for Pretargeted PET Imaging. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:62-6. [PMID: 26819667 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new (18)F-labeled tetrazine derivative was developed aiming at optimal radiochemistry, fast reaction kinetics in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition (IEDDA), and favorable pharmacokinetics for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry. The radiolabeling of the tetrazine was achieved in high yield, purity, and specific activity under mild reaction conditions via conjugation with 5-[(18)F]fluoro-5-deoxyribose, providing a glycosylated tetrazine derivative with low lipophilicity. The (18)F-tetrazine showed fast reaction kinetics toward the most commonly used dienophiles in IEDDA reactions. It exhibited excellent chemical and enzymatic stability in mouse plasma and in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.41). Biodistribution in mice revealed favorable pharmacokinetics with major elimination via urinary excretion. The results indicate that the glycosylated (18)F-labeled tetrazine is an excellent candidate for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry applications in pretargeted PET imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Keinänen
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Naveen K. Chenna
- Department
of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Dave Lumen
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Ott
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla F. M. Molthoff
- Department
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kerttuli Helariutta
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department
of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anu J. Airaksinen
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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39
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Albu SA, Al-Karmi SA, Vito A, Dzandzi JPK, Zlitni A, Beckford-Vera D, Blacker M, Janzen N, Patel RM, Capretta A, Valliant JF. (125)I-Tetrazines and Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Chemistry: A Convenient Radioiodination Strategy for Biomolecule Labeling, Screening, and Biodistribution Studies. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:207-16. [PMID: 26699913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method to prepare radioiodinated tetrazines was developed, such that a bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction can be used to label biomolecules with iodine-125 for in vitro screening and in vivo biodistribution studies. The tetrazine was prepared by employing a high-yielding oxidative halo destannylation reaction that concomitantly oxidized the dihydrotetrazine precursor. The product reacts quickly and efficiently with trans-cyclooctene derivatives. Utility was demonstrated through antibody and hormone labeling experiments and by evaluating products using standard analytical methods, in vitro assays, and quantitative biodistribution studies where the latter was performed in direct comparison to Bolton-Hunter and direct iodination methods. The approach described provides a convenient and advantageous alternative to conventional protein iodination methods that can expedite preclinical development and evaluation of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Albu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Salma A Al-Karmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Alyssa Vito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - James P K Dzandzi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Aimen Zlitni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Denis Beckford-Vera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Megan Blacker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Ramesh M Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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40
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Lai S, Mao W, Song H, Xia L, Xie H. A biocompatible inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction of aldehyde and tetrazine promoted by proline. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction of aldehyde and tetrazine mediated by l-proline is disclosed, with apparent k2 up to 13.8 M−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Wuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Heng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Lingying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Hexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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41
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Wu H, Devaraj NK. Inverse Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Bioorthogonal Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 374:3. [PMID: 27572986 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions have been widely used over the last 10 years for imaging, detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and biomaterials. Tetrazine reactions are a recently developed class of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions used in bioorthogonal applications. Given their rapid tunable reaction rate and highly fluorogenic properties, tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions have come to be considered highly attractive tools for elucidating biological functions and messages in vitro and in vivo. In this chapter, we present recent advances expanding the scope of precursor reactivity and we introduce new biomedical methodology based on bioorthogonal tetrazine chemistry. We specifically highlight novel applications for different kinds of biomolecules, including nucleic acid, protein, antibodies, lipids, glycans, and bioactive small molecules, in the areas of imaging, detection, and diagnostics. We also briefly present other recently developed inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder bioorthogonal reactions. Lastly, we consider future directions and potential roles that inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions may play in the fields of bioorthogonal and biomedical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxing Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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42
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Choi JY, Lee BC. Click Reaction: An Applicable Radiolabeling Method for Molecular Imaging. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 49:258-67. [PMID: 26550044 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the click reaction has found rapidly growing applications in the field of radiochemistry, ranging from a practical labeling method to molecular imaging of biomacromolecules. This present review details the development of highly reliable, powerful and selective click chemistry reactions for the rapid synthesis of new radiotracers for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea ; Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumidong, Bundanggu, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea ; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
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43
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Wang XN, Krenske EH, Johnston RC, Houk KN, Hsung RP. AlCl₃-Catalyzed Ring Expansion Cascades of Bicyclic Cyclobutenamides Involving Highly Strained Cis,Trans-Cycloheptadienone Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5596-601. [PMID: 25895058 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first experimental evidence for the generation of highly strained cis,trans-cycloheptadienones by electrocyclic ring opening of 4,5-fused cyclobutenamides. In the presence of AlCl3, the cyclobutenamides rearrange to [2.2.1]-bicyclic ketones; DFT calculations provide evidence for a mechanism involving torquoselective 4π-electrocyclic ring opening to a cis,trans-cycloheptadienone followed by a Nazarov-like recyclization and a 1,2-alkyl shift. Similarly, 4,6-fused cyclobutenamides undergo AlCl3-catalyzed rearrangements to [3.2.1]-bicyclic ketones through cis,trans-cyclooctadienone intermediates. The products can be further elaborated via facile cascade reactions to give complex tri- and tetracyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Wang
- †School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001 P. R. China.,‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 United States
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ryne C Johnston
- §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - K N Houk
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Richard P Hsung
- ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 United States
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44
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Selvaraj R, Giglio B, Liu S, Wang H, Wang M, Yuan H, Chintala SR, Yap LP, Conti PS, Fox JM, Li Z. Improved metabolic stability for 18F PET probes rapidly constructed via tetrazine trans-cyclooctene ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:435-42. [PMID: 25679331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fast kinetics and bioorthogonal nature of the tetrazine trans-cyclooctene (TCO) ligation makes it a unique tool for PET probe construction. In this study, we report the development of an (18)F-labeling system based on a CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine derivative with the aim of maintaining high reactivity while increasing in vivo stability. c(RGDyK) was tagged by a CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine derivative via EDC-mediated coupling. The resulting tetrazine-RGD conjugate was combined with a (19)F-labeled TCO derivative to give HPLC standards. The analogous (18)F-labeled TCO derivative was combined with the diphenyl-s-tetrazine-RGD at μM concentration. The resulting tracer was subjected to in vivo metabolic stability assessment, and microPET studies in murine U87MG xenograft models. The diphenyl-s-tetrazine-RGD combines with an (18)F-labeled TCO in high yields (>97% decay-corrected on the basis of TCO) using only 4 equiv of tetrazine-RGD relative to the (18)F-labeled TCO (concentration calculated based on product's specific activity). The radiochemical purity of the (18)F-RGD peptides was >95% and the specific activity was 111 GBq/μmol. Noninvasive microPET experiments demonstrated that (18)F-RGD had integrin-specific tumor uptake in subcutaneous U87MG glioma. In vivo metabolic stability of (18)F-RGD in blood, urine, and major organs showed two major peaks: one corresponded to the Diels-Alder conjugate and the other was identified as the aromatized analog. A CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine displays excellent speed and efficiency in (18)F-PET probe construction, providing nearly quantitative (18)F labeling within minutes at low micromolar concentrations. The resulting conjugates display improved in vivo metabolic stability relative to our previously described system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramajeyam Selvaraj
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Benjamin Giglio
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hong Yuan
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Chintala
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Li-Peng Yap
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Peter S Conti
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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45
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Abstract
PhI(OAc)2 serves as a mild and effective oxidant for the synthesis of s-tetrazine derivatives- molecules of emerging significance to the field of bioorthogonal chemistry. This reagent serves as a complementary oxidant to harsher nitrous reagents. Use of PhI(OAc)2 improves the synthesis of 5-amino-di(pyridin-2-yl)-s-tetrazine, a molecule that has been broadly used for cellular imaging and nuclear medicine. The generality of PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant for tetrazine synthesis is demonstrated for nine tetrazines in 75-98% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramajeyam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716
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46
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Wang XN, Krenske EH, Johnston RC, Houk KN, Hsung RP. Torquoselective ring opening of fused cyclobutenamides: evidence for a cis,trans-cyclooctadienone intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9802-5. [PMID: 24992255 PMCID: PMC4353010 DOI: 10.1021/ja502252t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Electrocyclic
ring opening of 4,6-fused cyclobutenamides 1 under thermal
conditions leads to cis,trans-cyclooctadienones 2-E,E as transient intermediates,
en route to 5,5-bicyclic products 3. Theoretical calculations
predict that 4,5-fused cyclobutenamides
should likewise undergo thermal ring opening, giving cis,trans-cycloheptadienones, but in this case conversion to 5,4-bicyclic
products is thermodynamically disfavored, and these cyclobutenamides
instead rearrange to vinyl cyclopentenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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47
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Denk C, Svatunek D, Filip T, Wanek T, Lumpi D, Fröhlich J, Kuntner C, Mikula H. Development of a (18) F-labeled tetrazine with favorable pharmacokinetics for bioorthogonal PET imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9655-9. [PMID: 24989029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight (18) F-labeled tetrazine derivative was developed as a highly versatile tool for bioorthogonal PET imaging. Prosthetic groups and undesired carrying of (18) F through additional steps were evaded by direct (18) F-fluorination of an appropriate tetrazine precursor. Reaction kinetics of the cycloaddition with trans-cyclooctenes were investigated by applying quantum chemical calculations and stopped-flow measurements in human plasma; the results indicated that the labeled tetrazine is suitable as a bioorthogonal probe for the imaging of dienophile-tagged (bio)molecules. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed high stability and PET/MRI in mice showed fast homogeneous biodistribution of the (18) F-labeled tetrazine that also passes the blood-brain barrier. An in vivo click experiment confirmed the bioorthogonal behavior of this novel tetrazine probe. Due to favorable chemical and pharmacokinetic properties this bioorthogonal agent should find application in bioimaging and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Denk
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie, Technische Universität Wien (TUW) (Austria)
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48
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Denk C, Svatunek D, Filip T, Wanek T, Lumpi D, Fröhlich J, Kuntner C, Mikula H. Entwicklung eines18F-markierten Tetrazins mit vorteilhaften pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften für die bioorthogonale Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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49
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18F-labeling using click cycloadditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:361329. [PMID: 25003110 PMCID: PMC4070495 DOI: 10.1155/2014/361329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to expanding applications of positron emission tomography (PET) there is a demand for developing new techniques to introduce fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min). Considering that most novel PET tracers are sensitive biomolecules and that direct introduction of fluorine-18 often needs harsh conditions, the insertion of 18F in those molecules poses an exceeding challenge. Two major challenges during 18F-labeling are a regioselective introduction and a fast and high yielding way under mild conditions. Furthermore, attention has to be paid to functionalities, which are usually present in complex structures of the target molecule. The Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and several copper-free click reactions represent such methods for radiolabeling of sensitive molecules under the above-mentioned criteria. This minireview will provide a quick overview about the development of novel 18F-labeled prosthetic groups for click cycloadditions and will summarize recent trends in copper-catalyzed and copper-free click 18F-cycloadditions.
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50
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Reiner T, Zeglis BM. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder click reaction in radiochemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:285-90. [PMID: 24347429 PMCID: PMC4048816 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition between 1,2,4,5-tetrazines and strained alkene dienophiles is an emergent variety of catalyst-free 'click' chemistry that has the potential to have a transformational impact on the synthesis and development of radiopharmaceuticals. The ligation is selective, rapid, high-yielding, clean, and bioorthogonal and, since its advent in 2008, has been employed in a wide variety of chemical settings. In radiochemistry, the reaction has proven particularly useful with (18) F and has already been utilized to create a number of (18) F-labeled agents, including the PARP1-targeting small molecule (18) F-AZD2281, the αv β3 integrin-targeting peptide (18) F-RGD, and the GLP-1-targeting peptide (18) F-exendin. The inherent flexibility of the ligation has also been applied to the construction of radiometal-based probes, specifically the development of a modular strategy for the synthesis of radioimmunoconjugates that effectively eliminates variability in the construction of these agents. Further, the exceptional speed and biorthogonality of the reaction have made it especially promising in the realm of in vivo pretargeted imaging and therapy, and pretargeted imaging strategies based on the isotopes (111) In, (18) F, and (64) Cu have already proven capable of producing images with high tumor contrast and low levels of uptake in background, nontarget organs. Ultimately, the characteristics of inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder click chemistry make it almost uniquely well-suited for radiochemistry, and although the field is young, this ligation has the potential to make a tremendous impact on the synthesis, development, and study of novel radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Correspondence to: Brian M. Zeglis, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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