1
|
Chaudhary HR, Patel DM. Recent trends for chemoselectivity modulation in one-pot organic transformations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:31072-31116. [PMID: 39351407 PMCID: PMC11440482 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In organic reactions, chemoselectivity refers to the selective reactivity of one functional group in the presence of another. This can be more successful if the reagent and reaction parameters are appropriately chosen. One-pot reactions have been shown to be an effective structural variety technique for the development of novel heterocyclic or carbocyclic compounds. This review article focuses on recent efforts by researchers from around the world to synthesise novel organic molecules utilising these methodologies (2013-2024), as well as their mechanism insights. The substrate, catalyst, solvent, and temperature conditions all have a significant impact on chemoselectivity in the organic reactions described here. The manipulation of chemoselectivity in organic processes creates new potential for the production of novel heterocycles and carbocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiren R Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Sankalchand Patel University Visnagar 384315 Gujarat India
| | - Divyang M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sankalchand Patel University Visnagar 384315 Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Matteo M, Gagliardi A, Pradal A, Veiros LF, Gallou F, Poli G. Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H/C(sp 2)-H Coupling of Limonene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10451-10461. [PMID: 39025478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Limonene undergoes a regioselective Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H coupling with acrylic acid esters and amides, α,β-unsaturated ketones, styrenes, and allyl acetate, affording novel 1,3-dienes. DFT computations gave results in accord with the experimental results and allowed for the formulation of a plausible mechanism. The postfunctionalization of one of the coupled products was achieved via a large-scale Sonogashira reaction conducted under micellar catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Matteo
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Gagliardi
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pradal
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luis F Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Giovanni Poli
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie R, Han Y, Luo W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Chen G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Olefination for Nucleic Acid Production. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e829. [PMID: 37498139 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed direct C-H olefination of unprotected uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate, and uridine analogues are described here. This protocol provides an efficient, atom-economical, and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of an alkenyl group at the C5 position of the uracil without pre-functionalization. A series of C5-alkenylated uridine analogues, including some biologically significant compounds and potential pharmaceutical candidates, were synthesized with exposed hydroxyl groups on the ribose. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: The reaction of uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, and sofosbuvir for the C-H olefination with methyl acrylate Basic Protocol 2: The reaction of uridine and 2'-deoxyuridine for the C-H olefination with styrene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxi Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng G, Hu L, Chan HSS, Qiao JX, Yu JQ. Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes via Ligand-Enabled Sequential Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13003-13007. [PMID: 37285407 PMCID: PMC11139440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dienes are common scaffolds in biologically active natural products as well as building blocks for chemical synthesis. Developing efficient methods for the synthesis of diverse 1,3-dienes from simple starting materials is therefore highly desirable. Herein, we report a Pd(II)-catalyzed sequential dehydrogenation reaction of free aliphatic acids via β-methylene C-H activation, which enables one-step synthesis of diverse E,E-1,3-dienes. Free aliphatic acids of varying complexities, including the antiasthmatic drug seratrodast, were found to be compatible with the reported protocol. Considering the high lability of 1,3-dienes and lack of protecting strategies, dehydrogenation of aliphatic acids to reveal 1,3-dienes at the late stage of synthesis offers an appealing strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules containing such motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hau Sun Sam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maikhuri VK, Maity J, Srivastava S, Prasad AK. Transition metal-catalyzed double C vinyl-H bond activation: synthesis of conjugated dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9522-9588. [PMID: 36412483 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated dienes have occupied a pivotal position in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. They act as important synthons for the synthesis of various biologically important molecules and therefore, gain tremendous attention worldwide. A wide range of synthetic routes to access these versatile molecules have been developed in the past decades. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) has emerged as one of the utmost front-line research areas in current synthetic organic chemistry due to its high atom economy, efficiency, and viability. In this review, an up-to-date summary including scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselectivities, and synthetic applications of transition metal-catalyzed double Cvinyl-H bond activation for the synthesis of conjugated dienes has been reported since 2013. The literature reports mentioned in this review have been classified into three different categories, i.e. (a) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via oxidative homo-coupling of terminal alkenes; (b) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via non-directed oxidative cross-coupling of linear/cyclic alkenes and terminal/internal alkenes, and (c) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via oxidative cross-coupling of directing group bearing alkenes and terminal/internal alkenes. Overall, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the current status of the considerable development in this field and is expected to stimulate further innovation and research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry, St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Smriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Q, Xie R, Zeng Y, Li W, Xiao G, Li Y, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed C-H olefination of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24930-24934. [PMID: 36199883 PMCID: PMC9434382 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefinations of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues are reported herein. This protocol provides an efficient, atom-economic and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of biologically important C5-alkene modified uracil/uridine-containing derivatives and pharmaceutical candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqian Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425199 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keerthana MS, Jeganmohan M. Synthesis of conjugated dienes via palladium-catalysed aerobic dehydrogenation of unsaturated acids and amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8814-8817. [PMID: 35843120 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(II)-catalyzed direct aerobic dehydrogenation of γ,δ-olefinic acids and amides has been demonstrated. The present protocol dehydrogenates the least acidic amides and acids, thus replacing the traditional enolate strategy for dehydrogenation. A broad spectrum of conjugated dienamides and dienoic acids were produced in good to excellent yields. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by deuterium labelling studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saikia BS, Borpatra PJ, Rahman I, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Visible-light-promoted sulfenylation of 6-aminouracils under catalyst-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01941h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted reactions have proven to be a decent strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Shriya Saikia
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Paran J. Borpatra
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Iftakur Rahman
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L. Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal K. Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wood JM, de Carvalho RL, da Silva Júnior EN. The Different Facets of Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Involving Quinone Compounds. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2604-2637. [PMID: 33415843 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalysed C-H functionalization has emerged as a powerful platform for the derivatization of quinones, a class of compounds with wide-ranging applications. This review organises and discusses the evolution of this chemistry from early Fujiwara-Moritani reactions, through to modern directing-group assisted C-H functionalization processes, including C-H functionalization reactions directed by the quinone ring itself. Mechanistic details of these reactions are provided to afford insight into how the unique reactivity of quinoidal compounds has been leveraged in each example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Wood
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Noikham M, Yotphan S. Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct C-H Thiolation and Thiocyanation of Uracils. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medena Noikham
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sirilata Yotphan
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI Road 10400 Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Takenaga N, Ueda S, Hayashi T, Dohi T, Kitagaki S. Vicinal Functionalization of Uracil Heterocycles with Base Activation of Iodonium(III) Salts. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Cirujano FG, Leo P, Vercammen J, Smolders S, Orcajo G, De Vos DE. MOFs Extend the Lifetime of Pd(II) Catalyst for Room Temperature Alkenylation of Enamine-Like Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Cirujano
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Pedro Leo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, ESCET; Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipan s/n; 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Jannick Vercammen
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Smolders
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Gisela Orcajo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, ESCET; Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipan s/n; 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Le Bras J, Muzart J. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Dehydrogenation/Heck-Type Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312; CNRS - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; B.P. 1039 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Graml A, Ghosh I, König B. Synthesis of Arylated Nucleobases by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3552-3560. [PMID: 28247755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylated nucleobases were synthesized by visible light photocatalysis using rhodamine 6G as photoredox catalyst and N,N-diisopropylethylamine as sacrificial electron donor. The high redox potential of this catalyst system is achieved by a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process (conPET) and allows the room temperature conversion of brominated and chlorinated nucleobases or nucleobase precursors as starting materials. In contrast to many transition-metal-based syntheses, a direct C-H arylation of nitrogen-containing halogenated heterocycles is possible without protection of the N-H groups. The method provides a simple, metal-free alternative for the synthesis of biologically interesting arylated heterocycles under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Graml
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Su L, Qiu L, Fan Z, Zhang X, Lin S, Huang Q. Palladium-catalyzed C–H olefination of uracils and caffeines using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3499-3506. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefination of uracils or caffeines with alkenes using an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant has been disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Lv Su
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Lin Qiu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Zhenwei Fan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Shen Lin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Joseph J, Preethalayam P, Radhakrishnan KV, Jaroschik F, Vasse JL. Titanium and Zirconium Hydride-Catalyzed Regioselective Isomerization of 1,4-Dihydrofulvenes: Access to 1-Substituted 1,2-Dihydrofulvenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:6202-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomy Joseph
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS
(UMR 7312), Université de Reims, 51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| | - Preethanuj Preethalayam
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR-NIIST, Industrial
Estate P.O., Trivandrum 19, Kerala, India
| | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR-NIIST, Industrial
Estate P.O., Trivandrum 19, Kerala, India
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS
(UMR 7312), Université de Reims, 51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS
(UMR 7312), Université de Reims, 51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu C, Yuan J, Gao M, Tang S, Li W, Shi R, Lei A. Oxidative Coupling between Two Hydrocarbons: An Update of Recent C–H Functionalizations. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12138-204. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500431s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Yuan
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- National
Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Tang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyi Shi
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- National
Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang Q, Zhang X, Qiu L, Wu J, Xiao H, Zhang X, Lin S. Palladium-Catalyzed Olefination and Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
21
|
Yang X, Liu Z, Sun C, Chen J, Yu Z. Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of α‐Cyanoketene Dithioacetals with Olefins. Chemistry 2015; 21:14085-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China)
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China)
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China)
| | - Jiping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China)
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032 (P. R. China)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kise N, Miyamoto H, Hamada Y, Sakurai T. Electroreductive coupling of 1,3-dimethyluracils with aromatic ketones: synthesis of 6-substituted 1,3-dimethyluracils. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Liang Y, Wnuk SF. Modification of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides by direct C-H bond activation. Molecules 2015; 20:4874-901. [PMID: 25789821 PMCID: PMC6272170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed modifications of the activated heterocyclic bases of nucleosides as well as DNA or RNA fragments employing traditional cross-coupling methods have been well-established in nucleic acid chemistry. This review covers advances in the area of cross-coupling reactions in which nucleosides are functionalized via direct activation of the C8-H bond in purine and the C5-H or C6-H bond in uracil bases. The review focuses on Pd/Cu-catalyzed couplings between unactivated nucleoside bases with aryl halides. It also discusses cross-dehydrogenative arylations and alkenylations as well as other reactions used for modification of nucleoside bases that avoid the use of organometallic precursors and involve direct C-H bond activation in at least one substrate. The scope and efficiency of these coupling reactions along with some mechanistic considerations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gayakhe V, Sanghvi YS, Fairlamb IJS, Kapdi AR. Catalytic C–H bond functionalisation of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides: a synthetic and mechanistic perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11944-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C–H bond functionalisation of heteroarenes, especially nucleosides, has received a lot of attention in the past few years. This review describes the state-of the art in this area with a global aspiration for possibly functionalising purine and pyrimidine moieties in complex biomolecular systems.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lah HU, Rasool F, Yousuf SK. Palladium catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond formation. A highly regio- and chemoselective oxidative Heck C-3 alkenylation of pyrones and pyridones. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysed ligand free highly regio- and chemoselective dehydrogenative C-3 alkenylation of pyrones and unprotected pyridones from unactivated alkenes is reported. Simple reaction conditions and broad substrate scope make the process useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ul Lah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-India)
- Srinagar-190005
- India
| | - Faheem Rasool
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-India)
- Srinagar-190005
- India
| | - Syed Khalid Yousuf
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-India)
- Srinagar-190005
- India
- AcSIR-India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lv J, Liang Y, He P, Cai Z, Liu J, Huang F. Palladium-catalyzed direct alkenylation of 2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones using oxygen as the oxidant. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct C-3 alkenylation of 2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones through palladium-catalyzed C–H activation using oxygen as the terminal oxidant has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| | - Peiling He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| | - Zhihao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| | - Fengxi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P.R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kianmehr E, Khalkhali MR, Rezaeefard M, Khan KM, Ng SW. Pd-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of 1,4-Quinones with N,N′-Dialkyluracils. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient method for the palladium-catalyzed direct cross-coupling of quinones with N,N′-dialkyluracils via 2-fold C–H activation has been developed to rapidly construct uracil substituted quinone structural motifs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Szostak M, Spain M, Sautier B, Procter DJ. Switching between Reaction Pathways by an Alcohol Cosolvent Effect: SmI2–Ethylene Glycol vs SmI2–H2O Mediated Synthesis of Uracils. Org Lett 2014; 16:5694-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502775w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Brice Sautier
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu W, Wang S, Zhang Q, Yu J, Li J, Xie Z, Cao H. Regioselective C3 Alkenylation of 4 H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones via Palladium-Catalyzed CH Activation. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2436-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed direct alkenylation of thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazoles via CH activation. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
31
|
Liang Y, Gloudeman J, Wnuk SF. Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 5-halouracils and 5-halouracil nucleosides with arenes and heteroarenes promoted by TBAF. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4094-103. [PMID: 24724921 PMCID: PMC4011569 DOI: 10.1021/jo500602p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
1-N-benzyl-5-iodo(or bromo)uracil undergoes
Pd-catalyzed [Pd2(dba)3] direct arylation with
benzene and other simple arenes in the presence of TBAF in DMF without
the necessity of adding any ligands or additives to give 5-arylated
uracil analogues. The TBAF-promoted coupling also occurs efficiently
with electron rich heteroarenes at 100 °C (1 h) even with only
small excess of heteroarenes. The protocol avoids usage of the arylboronic
acid or stannane precursors for the synthesis of 5-(2-furyl, or 2-thienyl,
or 2-pyrrolyl)uracil nucleosides, which are used as important RNA
and DNA fluorescent probes. The fact that 1-N-benzyl-3-N-methyl-5-iodouracil did not undergo the TBAF-promoted
couplings with arenes or heteroarenes suggests that the C4-alkoxide
(enol form of uracil) facilitates coupling by participation in the
intramolecular processes of hydrogen abstraction from arenes. TBAF-promoted
arylation was extended into the other enolizable heterocyclic systems
such as 3-bromo-2-pyridone. The π-excessive heteroarenes also
coupled with 5-halouracils in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/Cs2CO3/PivOH combination in DMF (100 °C, 2 h)
to yield 5-arylated uracils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang Q, Ke S, Qiu L, Zhang X, Lin S. Palladium(II)/Polyoxometalate-Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of Benzofurans under Atmospheric Dioxygen. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
33
|
Yu YY, Georg GI. Biomimetic Aerobic C-H Olefination of Cyclic Enaminones at Room Temperature: Development toward the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Benzenes. Adv Synth Catal 2014; 356:1359-1369. [PMID: 25071423 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A green and mild protocol for the dehydrogenative olefination of cyclic enaminones was devised via palladium catalysis at room temperature using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The synthetic utility of the olefinated cyclic enaminones afforded a series of unique 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes via an unanticipated Diels-Alder tandem reaction. The broad substrate scope and good yields achieved with this new protocol provide an alternative pathway for arene functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hocek M, Ćerňová M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B. C-H Trifluoromethylations of 1,3-Dimethyluracil and Reactivity of the Products in C-H Arylations. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
Gigant N, Bäckvall JE. Synthesis of Conjugated Dienes via a Biomimetic Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Two CvinylH Bonds. Chemistry 2013; 19:10799-803. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|