1
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Nikulshin PV, Makarov AY, Koskin IP, Becker CS, Kazantsev MS, Beckmann J, Balmohammadi Y, Grabowsky S, Mebs S, Naumova OV, Protasov DY, Svit KA, Irtegova IG, Radiush EA, Bagryanskaya IY, Shundrin LA, Zibarev AV. 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobiphenylene: A Prototype Janus-Headed Scaffold for Ambipolar Materials. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300692. [PMID: 38052725 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The title compound was synthesized by Ullmann cross-coupling in low yield as the first representative of [n]phenylene containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon rings. Stille/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, as well as substitution of fluorine in suitable starting compounds, failed to give the same product. The geometric and electronic structures of the title compound were studied by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations, together with Hirshfeld surface and reduced density gradient analyses. The crystal structure features head-to-tail π-stacking and other fluorine-related secondary bonding interactions. From the nucleus-independent chemical shifts descriptor, the four-membered ring of the title compound is antiaromatic, and the six-membered rings are aromatic. The Janus molecule is highly polarized; and the six-membered fluoro- and hydrocarbon rings are Lewis π-acidic and π-basic, respectively. The electrochemically-generated radical cation of the title compound is long-lived as characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance, whereas the radical anion is unstable in solution. The title compound reveals electrical properties of an insulator. On expanding its molecular scaffold towards partially fluorinated [n]phenylenes (n≥2), the properties presumably can be transformed into those of semiconductors. In this context, the title compound is suggested as a prototype scaffold for ambipolar materials for organic electronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Nikulshin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Current address: Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Makarov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor P Koskin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Christina S Becker
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kazantsev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yaser Balmohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga V Naumova
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Protasov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill A Svit
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina G Irtegova
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Radiush
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Bagryanskaya
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Karas LJ, Jalife S, Viesser RV, Soares JV, Haley MM, Wu JI. Tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene is a Bond-Localized C 2h Structure and a Challenge for Computational Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307379. [PMID: 37467313 PMCID: PMC10528983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Whether tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene is a symmetric D2h structure or a bond-alternating C2h structure remains a standing puzzle. Close agreement between experimental and computed proton chemical shifts based on minima structures optimized at the M06-2X, ωB97X-D, and M11 levels confirm a bond-localized C2h symmetry, which is consistent with the expected strong antiaromaticity of TtB-s-indacene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Said Jalife
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Renan V Viesser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - João V Soares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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3
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Takase M, Takata T, Oki K, Mori S, Uno H. Substituent effects on paratropicity and diatropicity in π-extended hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7036-7043. [PMID: 37389264 PMCID: PMC10306074 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc07037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into the application of antiaromatic compounds as molecular materials is an attractive strategy in the development of electronic materials. Antiaromatic compounds have traditionally been considered to be unstable, and thus, the creation of stable antiaromatic compounds has been sought in the field of organic chemistry. Recently, some studies have been reported on the synthesis, isolation, and elucidation of the physical properties of compounds with stability and definitive antiaromatic properties. In general, antiaromatic compounds are considered to be more susceptible to substituents due to their inherently narrow HOMO-LUMO gap compared to aromatic compounds. However, there have been no studies examining substituent effects in antiaromatic compounds. In this study, we have developed a synthetic method to introduce various substituents into π-extended hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene (homoHPHAC+), one of the stable and clearly antiaromatic compounds, and investigated the substituent effects on the optical, redox, and geometrical properties and paratropicity of a series of compounds. In addition, the properties of the two-electron oxidized form, homoHPHAC3+, were investigated. Control of electronic properties by introducing substituents into antiaromatic compounds provides a new design guideline for molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Toranosuke Takata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Kosuke Oki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Research Unit on Molecular Materials Science for Toroidal π-Electron Systems, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
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4
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Li S, Sun Y, Li X, Smaga O, Koniarz S, Pawlicki M, Chmielewski PJ. Oxidative insertion of amines into conjugated macrocycles: transformation of antiaromatic norcorrole into aromatic azacorrole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3739-3742. [PMID: 36897336 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A new group of aromatic porphyrinoids was obtained by an oxidative insertion of primary amines into the antiaromatic ring of 5,14-dimesityl-norcorrolatonickel(II) activated by iodosobenzene. The substituted 10-azacorroles thus formed were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, and XRD analysis. Protonated forms of azacorroles were shown to remain aromatic despite disconnection of the original π-electron delocalization path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30 387, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
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5
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Li S, Sun Y, Li X, Smaga O, Koniarz S, Stępień M, Chmielewski PJ. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic azomethine ylide to norcorroles: towards dibenzoullazine-fused derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6510-6513. [PMID: 35575428 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of 2-(tert-butyl)-8H-isoquinolino[4,3,2-de]phenanthridin-9-ium chloride to NiII norcorrole in the presence of base is shown to produce a family of chiral derivatives of polycyclic system(s) fused with pyrrole subunit(s) of the macrocycle. Dehydrogenation of the cycloaddition products gave rise to dibenzoullazine ortho-fused antiaromatic porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Kumar V, Tripathi A, Choi S, Chitumalla RK, Seo J, Jang J, Chetti P. Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory studies on optoelectronic properties of fused heterocycles with cyclooctatetraene. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Anuj Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Seyong Choi
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji‐Youn Seo
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Haryana India
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7
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Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
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8
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Ukai S, Takamatsu A, Nobuoka M, Tsutsui Y, Fukui N, Ogi S, Seki S, Yamaguchi S, Shinokubo H. A Supramolecular Polymer Constituted of Antiaromatic Ni
II
Norcorroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Aiko Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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9
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Horii K, Nogata A, Mizuno Y, Iwasa H, Suzuki M, Nakayama KI, Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene: A Stable Antiaromatic/Quinoidal Hydrocarbon Showing Appropriate Carrier Mobility in the Amorphous Layer. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. Graphene-induced planarization of cyclooctatetraene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:96-105. [PMID: 34677827 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable equilibrium compounds containing a planar antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene (COT) ring are promising candidates for organic electronic devices such as organic semiconductor transistors. The planarization of COT by incorporation into rigid planar π-systems, as well as by oxidation or reduction has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations, we explore an alternative approach of planarizing COT derivatives by adsorption onto graphene. We show that strong π-π stacking interactions between graphene and COT derivatives induce a planar structure with an antiaromatic central COT ring. In addition to being reversible, this strategy provides a novel approach for planarizing COT without the need for incorporation into a rigid structure, atomic substitution, oxidation, or reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja A Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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11
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Takase M, Ueno A, Oki K, Matsumoto H, Mori S, Okujima T, Uno H. Tropo(thio)ne-Embedded HomoHPHACs: Does the Tropylium Cation Induce Global Antiaromaticity in Expanded Hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene? Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3366-3369. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07152a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropo(thio)ne-embedded homoHPHACs and their dications were synthesised by an electrophilic annulation of secoHPHAC and successive oxidation. 13C NMR spectra of the dications represented global 22π homoaromaticity via homoconjugation, while alkylation...
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12
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Anion Complexation Strongly Influences the Reactivity of Octafluorocyclooctatetraene. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Ukai S, Takamatsu A, Nobuoka M, Tsutsui Y, Fukui N, Ogi S, Seki S, Yamaguchi S, Shinokubo H. A Supramolecular Polymer Constituted of Antiaromatic Ni II Norcorroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114230. [PMID: 34862699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For the creation of next-generation organic electronic materials, the integration of π-systems has recently become a central theme. Such functional materials can be assembled by supramolecular polymerization when aromatic π-systems are used as monomers, and the properties of the resulting supramolecular polymer strongly depend on the electronic structure of the monomers. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a supramolecular polymer consisting of an antiaromatic π-system as the monomer. An amide-functionalized NiII norcorrole derivative formed a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions, ensuring the persistency of the conducting pathway against thermal perturbation, which results in higher charge mobility along the tightly bound linear aggregates than that of the aromatic analogue composed of ZnII porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Aiko Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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14
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Holland EK, Thorley KJ, Parkin SR, Anthony JE. Revisiting the Octadehydro[12]annulenes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Holland
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40509 USA
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15
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Tripathi A, Kumar V, Chetti P. Stability, optical and charge transport properties of saddle-shaped cyclooctatetrathiophene (COTh) isomers: a theoretical study. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1993851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
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16
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Barker JE, Price TW, Karas LJ, Kishi R, MacMillan SN, Zakharov LN, Gómez-García CJ, Wu JI, Nakano M, Haley MM. A Tale of Two Isomers: Enhanced Antiaromaticity/Diradical Character versus Deleterious Ring-Opening of Benzofuran-fused s-Indacenes and Dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22385-22392. [PMID: 34383986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We examine the effects of fusing two benzofurans to s-indacene (indacenodibenzofurans, IDBFs) and dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene (indenoindenodibenzofurans, IIDBFs) to control the strong antiaromaticity and diradical character of these core units. Synthesis via 3-functionalized benzofuran yields syn-IDBF and syn-IIDBF. syn-IDBF possesses a high degree of paratropicity, exceeding that of the parent hydrocarbon, which in turn results in strong diradical character for syn-IIDBF. In the case of the anti-isomers, synthesized via 2-substituted benzofurans, these effects are decreased; however, both derivatives undergo an unexpected ring-opening reaction during the final dearomatization step. All the results are compared to the benzothiophene-fused analogues and show that the increased electronegativity of oxygen in the syn-fused derivatives leads to enhancement of the antiaromatic core causing greater paratropicity. For syn-IIDBF increased diradical character results from rearomati-zation of the core naphthalene unit in order to relieve this paratropicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Lucas J Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, International Advanced Research Institute (QIQB-IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Division of Quantum Photochemical Engineering, Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Center for Advanced Materials Characterization at Oregon (CAMCOR), University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1433, USA
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, International Advanced Research Institute (QIQB-IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Division of Quantum Photochemical Engineering, Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, USA
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17
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Barker JE, Price TW, Karas LJ, Kishi R, MacMillan SN, Zakharov LN, Gómez‐García CJ, Wu JI, Nakano M, Haley MM. A Tale of Two Isomers: Enhanced Antiaromaticity/Diradical Character versus Deleterious Ring‐Opening of Benzofuran‐fused
s
‐Indacenes and Dicyclopenta[
b
,
g
]naphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Barker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Tavis W. Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology International Advanced Research Institute (QIQB-IARI) Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Division of Quantum Photochemical Engineering Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC) Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Center for Advanced Materials Characterization at Oregon (CAMCOR) University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1433 USA
| | - Carlos J. Gómez‐García
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular Universidad de Valencia 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology International Advanced Research Institute (QIQB-IARI) Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Division of Quantum Photochemical Engineering Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC) Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN) Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
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18
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Hanida K, Kim J, Fukui N, Tsutsui Y, Seki S, Kim D, Shinokubo H. Antiaromatic 1,5-Diaza-s-indacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20765-20770. [PMID: 34288340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
s-Indacene is a classical non-alternant hydrocarbon that contains 12 π-electrons in a cyclic π-conjugation system. Herein, we report its nitrogen-doped analogue, 1,5-diaza-s-indacene. 1,5-Diaza-s-indacenes were readily prepared from commercially available 2,5-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diamine through a two-step transformation consisting of a palladium-catalyzed Larock cyclization with diaryl acetylenes followed by hydrogen abstraction. The thus obtained 1,5-diaza-s-indacenes exhibited distinct antiaromaticity, as manifested in clear bond-length alternation, a forbidden HOMO-LUMO transition, and a paratropic ring current. As compared to the parent s-indacene, the 1,5-diaza-s-indacenes showed higher electron-accepting ability owing to the presence of imine-type nitrogen atoms. The 1,5-diaza-s-indacene core is effectively conjugated with the peripheral aryl groups, which enables fine-tuning of the absorption spectra and redox properties. The two possible localized forms of 1,5-diaza-s-indacene were compared in terms of their energetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hanida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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19
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Hanida K, Kim J, Fukui N, Tsutsui Y, Seki S, Kim D, Shinokubo H. Antiaromatic 1,5‐Diaza‐
s
‐indacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hanida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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20
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Deng X, Liu X, Wei L, Ye T, Yu X, Zhang C, Xiao J. Pentagon-Containing π-Expanded Systems: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9961-9969. [PMID: 34279110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized three novel twistacene-modified enlarged pentagon-containing π-systems (6 and 9) with mismatched structures. The introduction of electron-withdrawing cyclopenta rings in the parent skeleton effectively stabilizes the electron-rich arenes. Their optoelectronic properties were studied via ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In addition, chemical oxidation of the as-prepared compounds with nitrosonium hexafluoroantimonate could form the corresponding cationic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xinqun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Leping Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ye
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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21
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Nakazato T, Takekoshi H, Sakurai T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Synthesis and Characterization of 16π Antiaromatic 2,7-Dihydrodiazapyrenes: Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Embedded Nitrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13877-13881. [PMID: 33847045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the two-electron reduction of N,N'-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium dications (MDAP2+ ), which afforded the corresponding reduced form (MDAP0 ) as a highly electron-rich 16π antiaromatic system. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of MDAP0 revealed a distorted quinoidal structure with high bond-length alternation. The 1 H NMR spectrum of MDAP0 exhibited a diagnostic proton signal (4.6 ppm) that is distinctly upfield shifted compared to that of aromatic diazapyrene (8.3 ppm). Theoretical calculations supported the existence of a paratropic ring current. These results indicate that MDAP0 exhibits antiaromatic character derived from its peripheral 16π-electron conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakazato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Haruka Takekoshi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cao D. Saddle-Shaped Building Blocks: A New Concept for Designing Fully Conjugated 3D Organic Semiconducting Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:12012-12018. [PMID: 34042231 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) are π-conjugated structures in one or two dimension (2D), where the lack of layer-layer π-conjugation connection greatly blocks their electron delocalization and transport. The 3D fully conjugated materials could solve this issue because they can provide efficient charge-transport pathways throughout the whole 3D skeleton, in which the suitable 3D building block is the key to the development of fully conjugated 3D OSMs. Cyclooctatetraene (COT) and its derivatives are good candidates due to their π-conjugation with 3D saddle-shaped architecture. In this Concept, we discuss the key features of saddle-shaped COT-based derivatives and their synthetic strategy, then we present the current development of using the COT derivatives as building blocks to construct the 3D fully conjugated organic small compound- and polymer-based OSMs. The properties and perspectives of these OSMs in photovoltaics, electro-catalysis and electrical conductivities are also discussed. These recent advances in the developing 3D fully conjugated materials could potentially open up a new frontier in the design of OSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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23
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Nakazato T, Takekoshi H, Sakurai T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Synthesis and Characterization of 16π Antiaromatic 2,7‐Dihydrodiazapyrenes: Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Embedded Nitrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakazato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Haruka Takekoshi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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24
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π-Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra-Anion through Internal Li + Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3510-3514. [PMID: 33108043 PMCID: PMC7898929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded polycyclic framework comprising a cyclooctatetraene moiety, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene, with lithium metal readily affords the corresponding tetra-anion instead of the expected aromatic dianion. As revealed by X-ray crystallography, the highly contorted tetra-anion is stabilized by coordination of two internally bound Li+ , while two external cations remain solvent separated. The variable-temperature 7 Li NMR spectra in THF confirm the presence of three types of Li+ ions and clearly differentiate internal binding, consistent with the crystal structure. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of the highly charged tetra-reduced carbanion is stabilized through Li+ coordination under the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Theoretical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at AlbanyState University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
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25
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Phenanthrylene–alkynylene macrocycles, phenanthrene-fused dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene, as well as relevant diradicaloids and antiaromatic compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Li S, Smaga O, Sun Y, Li X, Pawlicki M, Sukniewicz M, Chmielewski PJ. Friedel–Crafts acylation of antiaromatic norcorroles: electronic and steric modulation of the paratropic current. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first ever Friedel–Crafts acylation of an antiaromatic macrocycle was performed for norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacting with aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of AlCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
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27
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De S, Jash M, Chowdhury C. Palladium(ii) catalysed cascade strategy for the synthesis of dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10-ols/-10(15H)-ones: easy access to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraenes (COTs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15659-15662. [PMID: 33289730 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economic Pd(ii)-catalysed cascade cyclisation of 2-(biphenylethynyl)anilines tethered to an aldehyde or cyano group leads to the formation of dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10-ols 6 or dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10(15H)-ones 8 with high yields (up to 95%). The reaction proceeds via amino-palladation of the alkyne followed by nucleophilic addition onto the aldehyde/cyano group. Treatment of 6 with p-TsOH·H2O smoothly provided cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivatives 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya De
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, India.
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28
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reduction of π‐Expanded Cyclooctatetraene with Lithium: Stabilization of the Tetra‐Anion through Internal Li
+
Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
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29
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Usuba J, Hayakawa M, Yamaguchi S, Fukazawa A. Dithieno[
a
,
e
]pentalenes: Highly Antiaromatic Yet Stable π‐Electron Systems without Bulky Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 27:1638-1647. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Usuba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
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30
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Liu SY, Kawashima H, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. A 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer: an effectively conjugated antiaromatic dyad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6846-6849. [PMID: 32432636 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer are described. It adopts a highly planar structure, resulting in effective electronic interactions between the constituent norcorrole units. Nevertheless, each norcorrole unit exhibits substantial antiaromaticity, which stands in sharp contrast to stacked norcorrole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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31
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Nakamura K, Li QQ, Krejčí O, Foster AS, Sun K, Kawai S, Ito S. On-Surface Synthesis of a π-Extended Diaza[8]circulene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11363-11369. [PMID: 32413264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic [8]circulenes are an important class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules because of their unique structural properties and promising applications. However, the synthesis of heterocyclic [8]circulenes is still limited and thus is an important synthetic challenge. Here we describe the first example of a π-extended diaza[8]circulene surrounded by and fused with six hexagons and two pentagons, which was successfully synthesized only by a combined in-solution and on-surface synthetic strategy. State-of-the-art scanning tunneling microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip and density functional theory calculations revealed its planar conformation and unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nakamura
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ondřej Krejčí
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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32
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Halder N, Sangeetha M, Usharani D, Rath H. Redox-Associated Variation of Hückel Aromaticity from Lactam-Embedded Smallest Antiaromatic trans-Doubly N-Confused Porphyrins: Synthesis and Characterization. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2059-2067. [PMID: 31872765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-yield synthesis, spectroscopic and solid-state structural proof of the lactam-embedded smallest ever metal-free stable Hückel antiaromatic trans-doubly N-confused [16] porphyrins are reported. These new facets of trans-doubly N-confused porphyrins have been anticipated to exhibit the redox-associated variation of Hückel aromaticity as a mere consequence of the amido-like structures of the N-confused N-methyl pyrrole rings of the macrocycles. Strong aromaticity upon NaBH4 reduction leading to a resonance dipolar structure of the [18]π-conjugated system as the reduced congener with concomitant Hückel topology are the important highlights. Excellent agreement between experimental spectroscopic measurements and the theoretically determined properties elucidate aromaticity switching upon chemical reduction. Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of demand for the experimental realization of stable antiaromatic systems because of their versatile applications in material science. The conformational rigidity and the enriched stability of these novel 16π antiaromatic doubly N-confused porphyrins might entitle these macrocycles toward such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory , CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysuru 700020 , Karnataka , India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory , CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysuru 700020 , Karnataka , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-HRDC , Ghaziabad 201002 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 , India
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33
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Nishinaga T. Antiaromaticity and Reactivity of Planar Cyclooctatetraene and its Application to Organic Semiconductor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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34
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Ukai S, Koo YH, Fukui N, Seki S, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and electron-transport properties of a stable antiaromatic Ni II norcorrole with the smallest meso-substituent. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14383-14387. [PMID: 33047762 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Dimethylnorcorrole NiII complex exhibited enough stability under ambient conditions despite the distinct antiaromaticity. The small methyl substituents realized a dense and long-range π-stacking in its solid state, which resulted in the superior electron-transporting ability to previously reported NiII norcorroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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35
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Piccardo M, Soncini A, Fowler PW, Monaco G, Zanasi R. Design of annulene-within-an-annulene systems by the altanisation approach. A study of altan-[n]annulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5476-5486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computations on neutral and charged [n]annulenes confirm the general effectiveness of altanisation to design paratropic perimeter circulations. An extension of the design strategy is required for open-shell singlet species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick W. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano 84084
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano 84084
- Italy
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36
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Fukuzumi K, Nishii Y, Miura M. Composite Tetraheteroarylenes and Related Higher Cyclic Oligomers of Heteroarenes Produced by Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Coupling. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fukuzumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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37
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Oki K, Takase M, Mori S, Uno H. Synthesis and Isolation of Antiaromatic Expanded Azacoronene via Intramolecular Vilsmeier-Type Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16255-16259. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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38
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Kato S, Akahori S, Serizawa Y, Lin X, Yamauchi M, Yagai S, Sakurai T, Matsuda W, Seki S, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Systematic Synthesis of Tetrathia[8]circulenes: The Influence of Peripheral Substituents on the Structures and Properties in Solution and Solid States. J Org Chem 2019; 85:62-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shuhei Akahori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuma Serizawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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39
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Chan JYM, Kawata T, Kobayashi N, Ng DKP. Boron(III) Carbazosubphthalocyanines: Core-Expanded Antiaromatic Boron(III) Subphthalocyanine Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2272-2277. [PMID: 30600889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 1,8-diamino-3,6-dichlorocarbazole with a series of disubstituted 1,3-diiminoisoindolines, followed by treatment with BF3 ⋅OEt2 led to the formation of the corresponding core-expanded boron(III) subphthalocyanine analogues. These air-stable π-conjugated boron(III) carbazosubphthalocyanines possess two boron-containing seven-membered-ring units and a 16 π-electron skeleton, and represent the first examples of antiaromatic boron(III) subphthalocyanine analogues as supported by spectroscopic and theoretical studies. The molecular structure of one of these compounds was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In contrast to typical boron(III) subphthalocyanines, which adopt a cone-shaped structure, the π skeleton of this compound is almost planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y M Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Takahiro Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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40
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Chan JYM, Kawata T, Kobayashi N, Ng DKP. Boron(III) Carbazosubphthalocyanines: Core-Expanded Antiaromatic Boron(III) Subphthalocyanine Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y. M. Chan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Takahiro Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials; Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials; Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
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41
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Jin Z, Yao ZF, Barker KP, Pei J, Xia Y. Dinaphthobenzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutadiene: Antiaromatic and Orthogonally Tunable Electronics and Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Kayla P. Barker
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
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42
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Jin Z, Yao ZF, Barker KP, Pei J, Xia Y. Dinaphthobenzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutadiene: Antiaromatic and Orthogonally Tunable Electronics and Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2034-2039. [PMID: 30565363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons containing antiaromatic four-membered cyclobutadienoids (CDB) are of great fundamental and technical interest. However, their challenging synthesis has hampered the exploration and understanding of such systems. Reported herein is a modular and efficient synthesis of novel CBD-containing acene analogues, dinaphthobenzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutadiene (DNBDCs), with orthogonally tunable electronic properties and molecular packing. The design also features strong antiaromaticity of the CBD units, as revealed by nucleus-independent chemical shift and anisotropy of the induced current density calculations, as well as X-ray crystallography. Tuning the size of silyl substituents resulted in the most favorable "brick-layer" packing for triisobutylsilyl-DNBDC and a charge mobility of up to 0.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 in field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kayla P Barker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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43
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Ren D, Fu X, Li X, Koniarz S, Chmielewski PJ. Reaction of antiaromatic porphyrinoid with active methylene compounds. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacts regioselectively under basic conditions with active methylene compounds, yielding mono-substituted derivatives in which spectroscopic and redox properties of the starting macrocycle are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
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44
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Nishinaga T, Hamaoka H. Computational and experimental studies on the index of antiaromaticity for 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2). Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1514-1517. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A method to evaluate the relative hardness of 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2) as a new experimental measure of antiaromaticity has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Hinako Hamaoka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Tokyo 192-0397
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45
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Roy RS, Nandi PK. Electronic structure and large second-order non-linear optical property of COT derivatives - a theoretical exploration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18744-18755. [PMID: 29961775 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to design new molecules based on a fused hydrocarbon ring system comprising a COT ring and two 5-membered rings has been proposed for the study of second order NLO properties. The four charge transferring groups -NR2 (R = H, Li, Na and K) in conjunction with a sufficient number of electron withdrawing groups lead to significant variation of structural parameters and polarity. The charge transfer characteristics can be strongly modulated by introducing calcium metal atoms at suitable sites. Ca metal atoms end-capping the nitrogen ends of two adjacent -CN groups lead to electride character while a Ca metal atom bonded directly to the COT ring leads to greater charge transfer. The size of the alkali metal atom has been found to have a dramatic effect on the enhancement of first hyperpolarizability. The most significant electronic asymmetry induced by the larger potassium metal atom strongly enhances the magnitude of first hyperpolarizability. The variation of first hyperpolarizability has been satisfactorily explained in terms of TD-CAMB3LYP calculated spectroscopic parameters in light of the two-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Sinha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711 103, India.
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46
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Abstract
One antiaromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PH) with and without solubilizing tert-butyl substituents, namely s-indaceno[2,1- a:6,5- a']dipyrene (IDPs), has been synthesized by a four-step protocol. The IDPs represent the longitudinal, peri-extension of the indeno[1,2- b]fluorene skeleton towards a planar 40 π-electron system. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The optoelectronic properties were studied by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These studies revealed that peri-fusion renders the IDP derivatives with a narrow optical energy gap of 1.8 eV. The maximum absorption of IDPs is shifted by 160 nm compared to the parent indenofluorene. Two quasi-reversible oxidation as well as reduction steps indicate an excellent redox behavior attributed to the antiaromatic core. Formation of the radical cation and the dication was monitored by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy during titration experiments. Notably, the fusion of s-indacene with two pyrene moieties lead to IDPs with absorption maxima approaching the near infrared (NIR) regime.
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47
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Nishinaga T, Shiroma S, Hasegawa M. Antiaromaticity of Planar Bisdehydro[12]- and Tetrakisdehydro[16]annulenes Fused with Dithieno[3,4-b:3′,4′-d]thiophenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:3426-3429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shun Shiroma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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48
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Żyła‐Karwowska M, Moshniaha L, Hong Y, Zhylitskaya H, Cybińska J, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Kim D, Stępień M. Electron‐Deficient Bipyrrole Boomerangs: Bright Fluorophores Obtained via Double C−H Bond Activation. Chemistry 2018; 24:7525-7530. [PMID: 29570876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliia Moshniaha
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of ChemistryYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120–749 Korea
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
- Wrocławskie Centrum Badań EIT+ ul. Stabłowicka 147 54–066 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of ChemistryYonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seoul 120–749 Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50–383 Wrocław Poland
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49
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Li L, Zhao S, Li B, Xu L, Li C, Shi J, Wang H. From Saddle-Shaped to Planar Cyclic Oligothienoacenes: Stepped-Cyclization and Their Applications in OFETs. Org Lett 2018; 20:2181-2185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, P. R. China
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50
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Paramagnetic ring current effects in anti-aromatic structures subject to substitution/annelation quantified by spatial magnetic properties (TSNMRS). Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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