1
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Mishra D, Rajkhowa S, Phukan P. Unanticipated switch of reactivity of isonitrile via N≡C bond scission: Cascade formation of symmetrical sulfonyl guanidine. iScience 2023; 26:107258. [PMID: 37520733 PMCID: PMC10384224 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unanticipated formation of symmetrical sulfonyl guanidine was observed while treating isonitriles with N,N-dibromoarylsulfonamides in absence of an external amine source. Interesting feature of this work is that one molecule of isonitrile initially reacts with dibromoarylsulfonamide via the C-end to produce the intermediate carbodiimide while the other molecule undergoes C≡N triple bond cleavage to react as amine source with the intermediate. This switch of reactivity from C-center to N-center of the isonitrile generated symmetrical guanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Sagarika Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
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2
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Krishnan CG, Kondo M, Yasuda O, Fan D, Nakamura K, Wakabayashi Y, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Light-controlled p Ka value of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts in enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9956-9959. [PMID: 37526022 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Bis(dithienylethene)-based BINOL-derived phosphoric acid (DTE-BPA) has been developed as a light-controlled chiral organocatalyst for the first time. The photoinduced modulation of the reactivity and selectivity via the open/close isomerization of the DTE scaffold led to superior light-controlled ability in the enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of aldimines with indoles. DFT studies showed that photoisomerization is accompanied by a shift of 1.1 pKa units between the open and closed isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandu G Krishnan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yasuda
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Duona Fan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Kento Nakamura
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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3
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Majee D, Ramanauskaite G, Presolski S. Electronic Influences on the Dynamic Range of Photoswitchable Dithienylethene-Thiourea Organocatalysts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4372-4378. [PMID: 36939093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Thiourea-based organocatalysts bearing a photoswitchable dithienylethene (DTE) core and a wide range of substituents were prepared and extensively tested for their ability to accelerate the Michael reaction between acetylacetone and trans-β-nitrostyrene. There is a strong correlation between the Hammett parameter of the modulating groups and catalytic activity following UV irradiation. Electron-withdrawing groups afford the largest reactivity difference between the catalysts in their ring-open form and their ring-closed isomer, with evidence for electronic coupling between the two halves in both oDTE and cDTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majee
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
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4
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Li TR, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Supramolecular Capsule-Catalyzed Highly β-Selective Furanosylation Independent of the S N1/S N2 Reaction Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4294-4303. [PMID: 36751707 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The resorcin[4]arene capsule was found to catalyze β-selective furanosylation reactions for a variety of different furanosyl donors: α-d- and α-l-arabinosyl-, α-l-fucosyl-, α-d-ribosyl-, α-d-xylosyl-, and even α-d-lyxosyl fluorides. The scope is only limited by the inherently finite volume inside the closed capsular catalyst. The catalyst is readily available on a multi-100 g scale and can be recycled for at least seven rounds without significant loss in activity, yield, and selectivity. The mechanistic investigations indicated that the furanosylation mechanism is shifted toward an SN1 reaction on the mechanistic continuum between the prototypical SN1 and SN2 substitution types, as compared to the pyranosylation reaction inside the same catalyst. This is especially true for the lyxosyl donor, as indicated by the nucleophile reaction order of 0.26, and supported by metadynamics calculations. The mechanistic shift toward SN1 is of high interest as it indicates that this catalyst not only enables β-selective furanosylations and pyranoslyations independently of the substrate configuration but in addition also independently of the operating mechanism. To our knowledge, there is no alternative catalyst available that displays such properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Horin I, Slovak S, Cohen Y. Diffusion NMR Reveals the Structures of the Molecular Aggregates of Resorcin[4]arenes and Pyrogallol[4]arenes in Aromatic and Chlorinated Solvents. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10666-10670. [PMID: 36354303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hexameric assemblies of resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes are fascinating structures that can serve as nanoreactors in which new chemistry and catalysis occur. Recently, it was suggested based on SANS or SAXS that C11-resorcin[4]arene (1) forms octameric aggregates of a micellar rather than capsular structure in toluene. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, diffusion NMR, and DOSY performed on solutions of C11-resorcin[4]arene (1), C11-pyrogallol[4]arene (2), and mixtures thereof in protonated and deuterated solvents, we found that, in benzene and toluene, 1 primarily formed hexameric capsules accompanied by a minor product with diffusion characteristics consistent with an octameric assembly. In chloroform, 1 formed hexameric capsules. In toluene, 2D NMR revealed two populations of encapsulated toluene molecules in the same capsule of 1. The addition of tetrahexylammonium bromide to the assemblies of 1 in aromatic solvents drove the equilibrium toward the formation of the hexameric capsules. Interestingly, 2 formed only hexameric capsules in all solvents tested.
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6
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Ziganshina AY, Mansurova EE, Antipin IS. Colloids Based on Calixresorcins for the Adsorption, Conversion, and Delivery of Bioactive Substances. COLLOID JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x22700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Li TR, Huck F, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Mimicry of the proton wire mechanism of enzymes inside a supramolecular capsule enables β-selective O-glycosylations. Nat Chem 2022; 14:985-994. [PMID: 35798949 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes achieve high substrate and product selectivities by orientating and activating the substrate(s) appropriately inside a confined and finely optimized binding pocket. Although some basic aspects of enzymes have already been mimicked successfully with man-made catalysts, substrate activation by proton wires inside enzyme pockets has not been recreated with man-made catalysts so far. A proton wire facilitates the dual activation of a nucleophile and an electrophile via a reciprocal proton transfer, enabling highly stereoselective reactions under mild conditions. Here we present evidence for such an activation mode inside the supramolecular resorcin[4]arene capsule and demonstrate that it enables catalytic and highly β-selective glycosylation reactions-still a major challenge in glycosylation chemistry. Extensive control experiments provide very strong evidence that the reactions take place inside the molecular container. We show that this activation strategy is compatible with a broad scope of glycoside donors and nucleophiles, and is only limited by the cavity size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto Eulero, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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β-Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Recognition of bis-Cationic Dithienylethenes. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular interactions in water between β-cyclodextrin and the open and closed photochromic forms of two bis-cationic dithienylethenes, characterized by different electronic properties, were investigated aiming at underlying the key aspects of the recognition process. The dithienylethene equipped with the cyclopentenyl unit showed a difference in binding free energies to the β-cyclodextrin between the open and closed photochromic forms of about 1 kJ/mol. Conversely, the dithienylethene equipped with the perfluorinated cyclopentenyl unit not only was a better guest but showed a three times higher difference in the binding of free energies between the open and closed isomers.
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9
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Lorenzetto T, Fabris F, Scarso A. A resorcin[4]arene hexameric capsule as a supramolecular catalyst in elimination and isomerization reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:337-349. [PMID: 35422886 PMCID: PMC8978922 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule as a self-assembled organocatalyst promotes a series of reactions like the carbonyl–ene cyclization of (S)-citronellal preferentially to isopulegol, the water elimination from 1,1-diphenylethanol, the isomerization of α-pinene and β-pinene preferentially to limonene and minor amounts of camphene. The role of the supramolecular catalyst consists in promoting the protonation of the substrates leading to the formation of cationic intermediates that are stabilized within the cavity with consequent peculiar features in terms of acceleration and product selectivity. In all cases the catalytic activity displayed by the hexameric capsule is remarkable if compared to many other strong Brønsted or Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, via Torino 155, 30172, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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10
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Huck F, Catti L, Reber GL, Tiefenbacher K. Expanding the Protecting Group Scope for the Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis Approach to 2,5-Dihydropyrroles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:419-428. [PMID: 34928613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chiral pyrrolidine derivatives are important building blocks for natural product synthesis. Carbonyl olefin metathesis has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of such building blocks from chiral amino acid derivatives. Here, we demonstrate that the supramolecular resorcinarene catalyst enables access to chiral 2,5-dihydropyrroles under Brønsted acid catalysis. Moreover, this catalytic system even tolerated Lewis-basic-protecting groups like mesylates that are not compatible with alternative catalysts. As expected for conversion inside a closed cavity, the product yield and selectivity depended on the size of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-28, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gian Lino Reber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Mishra K, Datta Khanal H, Rok Lee Y. Facile
N
‐Formylation of Amines on Magnetic Fe
3
O
4
−CuO Nanocomposites. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Mishra
- School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Hari Datta Khanal
- School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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12
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Sokolova D, Tiefenbacher K. Optimized iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions inside the resorcinarene capsule: achieving >90% ee with proline as catalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24607-24612. [PMID: 34354825 PMCID: PMC8278068 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we demonstrated that iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions inside the supramolecular resorcinarene capsule display increased enantioselectivities as compared to their regular solution counterparts. Utilizing proline as the chiral catalyst, enantioselectivities remained below 80% ee. In this study, the reaction conditions were optimized by determining the optimal capsule loading and HCl content. Additionally, it was found that alcohol additives increase the enantioselectivity of the capsule-catalysed reaction. As a result, we report enantioselectivities of up to 92% ee for iminium-catalysed 1,4-reductions relying on proline as the sole chiral source. This is of high interest, as proline is unable to deliver high enantioselectivities for 1,4-reductions in a regular solution setting. Investigations into the role of the alcohol additive revealed a dual role: it not only slowed down the background reaction but also increased the capsule-catalysed reaction rate. A supramolecular container enables highly enantioselective iminium chemistry using simple proline as the chiral source.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sokolova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel 4058 Basel Switzerland .,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich 4058 Basel Switzerland
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13
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Paul A, Shipman MA, Onabule DY, Sproules S, Symes MD. Selective aldehyde reductions in neutral water catalysed by encapsulation in a supramolecular cage. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5082-5090. [PMID: 34163748 PMCID: PMC8179549 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of reactivity inside supramolecular coordination cages has many analogies to the mode of action of enzymes, and continues to inspire the design of new catalysts for a range of reactions. However, despite being a near-ubiquitous class of reactions in organic chemistry, enhancement of the reduction of carbonyls to their corresponding alcohols remains very much underexplored in supramolecular coordination cages. Herein, we show that encapsulation of small aromatic aldehydes inside a supramolecular coordination cage allows the reduction of these aldehydes with the mild reducing agent sodium cyanoborohydride to proceed with high selectivity (ketones and esters are not reduced) and in good yields. In the absence of the cage, low pH conditions are essential for any appreciable conversion of the aldehydes to the alcohols. In contrast, the specific microenvironment inside the cage allows this reaction to proceed in bulk solution that is pH-neutral, or even basic. We propose that the cage acts to stabilise the protonated oxocarbenium ion reaction intermediates (enhancing aldehyde reactivity) whilst simultaneously favouring the encapsulation and reduction of smaller aldehydes (which fit more easily inside the cage). Such dual action (enhancement of reactivity and size-selectivity) is reminiscent of the mode of operation of natural enzymes and highlights the tremendous promise of cage architectures as selective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Paul
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Michael A Shipman
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Dolapo Y Onabule
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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14
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Majee D, Presolski S. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majee
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Yale-NUS College 16 College Ave West, Singapore 138527
| | - Stanislav Presolski
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Yale-NUS College 16 College Ave West, Singapore 138527
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15
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He L, Wang SC, Lin LT, Cai JY, Li L, Tu TH, Chan YT. Multicomponent Metallo-Supramolecular Nanocapsules Assembled from Calix[4]resorcinarene-Based Terpyridine Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7134-7144. [PMID: 32150683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetrafunctionalized calix[4]resorcinarene cavitands commonly serve as supramolecular scaffolds for construction of coordination-driven self-assembled capsules. However, due to the calix-like shape, the structural diversity of assemblies is mostly restricted to dimeric and hexameric capsules. Previously, we reported a spontaneous heteroleptic complexation strategy based on a pair of self-recognizable terpyridine-based ligands and CdII ions. Building on this complementary ligand pairing system, herein three types of nanocapsules, including a dimeric capsule, a Sierpiński triangular prism, and a cubic star, could be readily obtained through dynamic complexation reactions between a tetratopic cavitand-based ligand and various multitopic counterparts in the presence of CdII ions. The dimeric capsular assemblies display the spacer-length-dependent self-sorting behavior in a four-component system. Moreover, the precise multicomponent self-assembly of a Sierpiński triangular prism and a cubic star possessing three and six cavitand-based motifs, respectively, demonstrates that such self-assembly methodology is able to efficiently enhance architectural complexity for calix[4]resorcinarene-containing metallo-supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng He
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lijie Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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16
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Shi P, Sartin MM, Lin X, Zhang P, Fang H, Peng P, Tian Z, Cao X. Chaperone-like chiral cages for catalyzing enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8076-8082. [PMID: 31908753 PMCID: PMC6910136 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral organic cages can assist enantio-selective supramolecular polymerization through a catalyzed assembly (catassembly) strategy, like chaperones assist the assembly of biomolecules.
Cage catalysis has emerged as an important approach for mimicking enzymatic reactions by increasing the reaction rate and/or product selectivity of various types of covalent reactions. Here, we extend the catalytic application of cage compounds to the field of non-covalent molecular assembly. Acid-stable chiral imine cages are found to catalyze the supramolecular polymerization of porphyrins with an accelerated assembling rate and increased product enantioselectivity. Because the imine cages have a stronger interaction with porphyrin monomers and a weaker interaction with porphyrin assemblies, they can fully automatically detach from the assembled products without being consumed during the catalytic process. We reveal the kinetics of the auto-detachment of cages and the chirality growth of the assemblies using spectroscopic characterization studies. We find that the passivation groups attached to the cages are important for maintaining the structural stability of the cages during catalyzed assembly, and that the steric geometries of the cages can profoundly affect the efficiency of chiral regulation. This strategy demonstrates a new type of catalytic application of cage compounds in the field of molecular assembly, and paves the way to controlling supramolecular polymerization through a catalytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Peichen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xujing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hongxun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Pixian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 592 2185862
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17
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Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Sesquiterpene Cyclizations inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Total Synthesis of δ‐Selinene and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12688-12695. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH Zurich Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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18
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Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Sesquiterpene Cyclizations inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Total Synthesis of δ‐Selinene and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH Zurich Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
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19
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Jordan JH, Wishard A, Mague JT, Gibb BC. Binding Properties and Supramolecular Polymerization of a Water-Soluble Resorcin[4]arene. Org Chem Front 2019; 6:1236-1243. [PMID: 31772734 PMCID: PMC6879061 DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the self-assembly of molecules in water is difficult because the small size, polarity, and hydrogen bond donating and accepting properties of water attenuate most non-covalent interactions. Here we describe how resorcinarene 1, with pyridinium pendent groups, assembles in water to form head-to-tail assemblies. These small supramolecular polymers form because they offer greater stabilization than any latent head-to-head assembly of resorcinarenes to form dimeric (or hexameric) containers. Instead, the resorcinarene bowl - particularly if negatively charged - is a good host for the pyridinium pendent groups of a second resorcinarene. Alternatively, resorcinarene 1 is also a good host for complexing anions and cations of any added salt. In combination therefore, host 1 possesses a rich repertoire of supramolecular properties that is dependent on the ionic strength and the nature of salts, pH, and the concentration of the host. These findings provide new information about controlling the self-assembly of resorcinarenes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobs H Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Anthony Wishard
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA,
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20
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, De Rosa M, La Manna P, Soriente A, Neri P. The Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule at Work: Supramolecular Catalysis in Confined Spaces. Chemistry 2019; 25:4899-4913. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano SA Italy
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21
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Köster JM, Häussinger D, Tiefenbacher K. Activation of Primary and Secondary Benzylic and Tertiary Alkyl (sp 3 )C-F Bonds Inside a Self-Assembled Molecular Container. Front Chem 2019; 6:639. [PMID: 30662892 PMCID: PMC6328483 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl fluorides are generally regarded as chemically inert. However, several literature examples describe the activation of alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds via strong Brønsted or Lewis acids under harsh conditions. We here report that catalytic amounts of the self-assembled resorcinarene capsule are able to activate alkyl (sp3)C-F bonds under mild conditions (40°C, no strong Brønsted or Lewis acid present). Kinetic measurements display a sigmoidal reaction progress after an initial induction period. Control experiments indicate that the presence of the supramolecular capsule is required for an efficient reaction acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M Köster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Zhu Y, Rebek Jr J, Yu Y. Cyclizations catalyzed inside a hexameric resorcinarene capsule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3573-3577. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled, hydrogen-bonded hexameric resorcin[4]arene capsule represents one of the most readily accessible host systems for the study of container catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Julius Rebek Jr
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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24
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Zhang Q, Rinkel J, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS, Tiefenbacher K. Sesquiterpene Cyclisations Catalysed inside the Resorcinarene Capsule and Application in the Short Synthesis of Isolongifolene and Isolongifolenone. Nat Catal 2018; 1:609-615. [PMID: 30221250 PMCID: PMC6130823 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes constitute the largest class of natural products and serve as an important source for medicinal treatments. Despite constant progress in chemical synthesis, the construction of complex polycyclic sesqui- and diterpene scaffolds remains challenging. Natural cyclase enzymes, however, are able to form the whole variety of terpene structures from just a handful of linear precursors. Man-made catalysts able to mimic such natural enzymes are lacking. Here, we describe the examples of sesquiterpene cyclisations inside an enzyme-mimicking supramolecular catalyst. This strategy allowed the formation of the tricyclic sesquiterpene isolongifolene in only four steps. The mechanism of the catalysed cyclisation reaction was elucidated using 13C-labelling studies and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Horin I, Adiri T, Zafrani Y, Cohen Y. Bis-resorcin[4]arene Selectively Forms Hexameric Capsules in Apolar Solvents: Evidence from Diffusion NMR. Org Lett 2018; 20:3958-3961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Horin
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Adiri
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74000, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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26
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Köster JM, Tiefenbacher K. Elucidating the Importance of Hydrochloric Acid as a Cocatalyst for Resorcinarene-Capsule-Catalyzed Reactions. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper M. Köster
- Department of Chemistry, BPR1096; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, BPR1096; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 24 4058 Basel Switzerland
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27
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La Manna P, De Rosa M, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Floresta G, Rescifina A, Neri P. The hexameric resorcinarene capsule as an artificial enzyme: ruling the regio and stereochemistry of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones and unsaturated aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hexameric resorcinarene capsule as an artificial enzyme to rule the regio and stereochemistry of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- Catania
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- Catania
- Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”
- Università di Salerno
- I-84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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28
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Bräuer TM, Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Iminium Catalysis inside a Self-Assembled Supramolecular Capsule: Scope and Mechanistic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17500-17507. [PMID: 29090917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although iminium catalysis has become an important tool in organic chemistry, its combination with supramolecular host systems has remained largely unexplored. We report the detailed investigations into the first example of iminium catalysis inside a supramolecular host. In the case of 1,4-reductions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, catalytic amounts of host are able to increase the enantiomeric excess of the products formed. Several control experiments were performed and provided strong evidence that the modulation of enantiomeric excess of the reaction product indeed stems from a reaction on the inside of the capsule. The origin of the increased enantioselectivity in the capsule was investigated. Furthermore, the substrate and nucleophile scope were studied. Kinetic investigations as well as the kinetic isotope effect measured confirmed that the hydride delivery to the substrate is the rate-determining step inside the capsule. The exploration of benzothiazolidines as alternative hydride sources revealed an unexpected substitution effect of the hydride source itself. The results presented confirm that the noncovalent combination of supramolecular hosts with iminium catalysis is opening up new exciting possibilities to increase enantioselectivity in challenging reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bräuer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , BPR 1096, Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , BPR 1096, Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , BPR 1096, Postfach 3350, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich , Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Pollok CH, Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K, Merten C. Chirality Induction from a Chiral Guest to the Hydrogen-Bonding Network of Its Hexameric Resorcinarene Host Capsule. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1987-1991. [PMID: 28577348 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hexameric capsule of resorcin[4]arene 1 is capable of encapsulating tertiary amines, which has recently been used in the application of [(1)6 (H2 O)8 ] as (co-)catalyst in various asymmetric reactions. However, not much is known about the highly asymmetric but conformationally very dynamic structure of the capsule after uptake of chiral molecules. Therefore, in this contribution, we utilize electronic circular dichroism and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy to investigate how several chiral guest molecules affect the structural preferences of the capsule [(1)6 (H2 O)8 ]. In particular, we show that one small chiral amine encapsulated in [(1)6 (H2 O)8 ] is sufficient to control and dictate the stereochemical preferences of the entire capsule. Furthermore, neither strong π-π interactions nor a significant steric bulk are required for this induction. The observation of such a chiral imprint of the guest's stereochemistry onto its host molecule is expected to have implications also for other supramolecular capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina H Pollok
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie 2, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie 2, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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30
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Zhang Q, Catti L, Pleiss J, Tiefenbacher K. Terpene Cyclizations inside a Supramolecular Catalyst: Leaving-Group-Controlled Product Selectivity and Mechanistic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11482-11492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute
of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring
31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse
26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Catti L, Pöthig A, Tiefenbacher K. Host-Catalyzed Cyclodehydration-Rearrangement Cascade Reaction of Unsaturated Tertiary Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Catti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center; Technical University of Munich; Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 D-85748 Garching Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering; ETH Zürich; Mattenstrasse 26 CH-4058 Basel Switzerland
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32
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Wierzbicki M, Głowacka AA, Szymański MP, Szumna A. A chiral member of the family of organic hexameric cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5200-5203. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cubic chiral nanocage with a covalent, rigid skeleton and molecule-sized entrance portals was obtained by means of dynamic covalent chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wierzbicki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-22 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - A. A. Głowacka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-22 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - M. P. Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-22 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - A. Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kasprzaka 44/52
- 01-22 Warsaw
- Poland
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33
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Du MR, Zhang XB, Si SM, Yang F, Wang L. Theoretical insights into C–C bond formation through isonitrile insertion into a Cp*Ti complex. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of Cp*(Cl)Ti(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with isonitriles is studied using DFT, detailed elementary reaction steps and N-substitution effects of isonitrile are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ran Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Meng Si
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan 232001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- People's Republic of China
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34
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Du MR, Zhang XB, Si SM, Wang L. Theoretical insights into the reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(diene) with isonitriles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of Cp*(Cl)Hf(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with isonitriles is theoretically investigated, and detailed elementary reactions and the substitution effects are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ran Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Meng Si
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- People's Republic of China
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35
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Zhang Q, Catti L, Kaila VRI, Tiefenbacher K. To catalyze or not to catalyze: elucidation of the subtle differences between the hexameric capsules of pyrogallolarene and resorcinarene. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1653-1657. [PMID: 28451294 PMCID: PMC5364520 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the different catalytic properties of the hexameric resorcinarene and pyrogallolarene capsules I and II are reported.
The closely related, self-assembled resorcinarene and pyrogallolarene capsules display contrasting and puzzling encapsulation behaviors. Herein, we elucidate the reasons for these differences by combining experimental studies and DFT calculations. Furthermore, we report that, in contrast to the resorcinarene capsule, the pyrogallolarene derivative is not capable of catalyzing reactions with cationic transition states. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these observations are probed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johannsring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johannsring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Ville R I Kaila
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johannsring 19 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland . .,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering , ETH Zürich , Mattenstrasse 26 , CH-4058 Basel , Switzerland .
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36
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Kennedy CR, Lin S, Jacobsen EN. The Cation-π Interaction in Small-Molecule Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12596-624. [PMID: 27329991 PMCID: PMC5096794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis by small molecules (≤1000 Da, 10(-9) m) that are capable of binding and activating substrates through attractive, noncovalent interactions has emerged as an important approach in organic and organometallic chemistry. While the canonical noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, ion pairing, and π stacking, have become mainstays of catalyst design, the cation-π interaction has been comparatively underutilized in this context since its discovery in the 1980s. However, like a hydrogen bond, the cation-π interaction exhibits a typical binding affinity of several kcal mol(-1) with substantial directionality. These properties render it attractive as a design element for the development of small-molecule catalysts, and in recent years, the catalysis community has begun to take advantage of these features, drawing inspiration from pioneering research in molecular recognition and structural biology. This Review surveys the burgeoning application of the cation-π interaction in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 535 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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37
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La Sorella G, Sperni L, Strukul G, Scarso A. Supramolecular Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Selective Sulfoxidation of Thioethers by a Self-Assembled Hexameric Capsule. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio La Sorella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia; via Torino 155 30172 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Laura Sperni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia; via Torino 155 30172 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia; via Torino 155 30172 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia; via Torino 155 30172 Mestre (VE) Italy
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Otte
- Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Universiteit Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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39
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Kennedy CR, Lin S, Jacobsen EN. Die Kation-π-Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse mit niedermolekularen Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; 535 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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40
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Bräuer TM, Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Iminium Catalysis inside a Self-Assembled Supramolecular Capsule: Modulation of Enantiomeric Excess. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7698-701. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Bräuer
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johannsring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
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41
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Bräuer TM, Zhang Q, Tiefenbacher K. Iminiumkatalyse in einer selbstorganisierten supramolekularen Kapsel: Modulation des Enantiomerenüberschusses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Bräuer
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johannsring 19 CH-4056 Basel Schweiz
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42
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Sashuk V, Butkiewicz H, Fiałkowski M, Danylyuk O. Triggering autocatalytic reaction by host-guest interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4191-4. [PMID: 26906073 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The acceleration of a sequential reaction through electrostatic alteration of substrate basicity within a supramolecular host is demonstrated. In the presence of the host, the reaction, which is autocatalytic, starts much sooner and exhibits substrate size selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Helena Butkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Fiałkowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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43
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Caneva T, Sperni L, Strukul G, Scarso A. Efficient epoxide isomerization within a self-assembled hexameric organic capsule. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular organic nano-capsule formed by the self-assembly of six resorcin[4]arene units efficiently promotes the isomerization of epoxides (Meinwald isomerization) to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Caneva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre (VE)
- 30172 Italy
| | - Laura Sperni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre (VE)
- 30172 Italy
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre (VE)
- 30172 Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre (VE)
- 30172 Italy
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44
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La Sorella G, Sperni L, Ballester P, Strukul G, Scarso A. Hydration of aromatic alkynes catalyzed by a self-assembled hexameric organic capsule. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a Brønsted acid catalyst and a supramolecular organic capsule formed by the self-assembly of six resorcin[4]arene units efficiently promotes the mild hydration of aromatic alkynes to their corresponding ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio La Sorella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre Venezia
- ITALY
| | - Laura Sperni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre Venezia
- ITALY
| | - Pablo Ballester
- Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) and Institut Català d'Investigació Química (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre Venezia
- ITALY
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia
- Mestre Venezia
- ITALY
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45
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Terpene cyclization catalysed inside a self-assembled cavity. Nat Chem 2015; 7:197-202. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Giust S, La Sorella G, Sperni L, Fabris F, Strukul G, Scarso A. Supramolecular Catalysis in the Synthesis of Substituted 1 H-Tetrazoles from Isonitriles by a Self-Assembled Hexameric Capsule. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Giust S, La Sorella G, Sperni L, Strukul G, Scarso A. Substrate selective amide coupling driven by encapsulation of a coupling agent within a self-assembled hexameric capsule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1658-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08833f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of a cationic carbodiimide condensing agent within a self-assembled hexameric capsule made of resorcin[4]arene units provides a nano-environment that efficiently steers the substrate selectivity in the amide synthesis reaction between carboxylic acids and primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Giust
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Giorgio La Sorella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Laura Sperni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
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48
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Catti L, Tiefenbacher K. Intramolecular hydroalkoxylation catalyzed inside a self-assembled cavity of an enzyme-like host structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:892-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled resorcin[4]arene hexamer catalyzes the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding cyclic ethers under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Catti
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- D-85747 Garching
- Germany
| | - K. Tiefenbacher
- Department Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- D-85747 Garching
- Germany
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49
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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50
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La Sorella G, Sperni L, Strukul G, Scarso A. Supramolecular Encapsulation of Neutral Diazoacetate Esters and Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction by a Self-Assembled Hexameric Capsule. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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