1
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Zhang P, Walko M, Wilson AJ. Rational design of Harakiri (HRK)-derived constrained peptides as BCL-x L inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1697-1700. [PMID: 36692261 PMCID: PMC9904277 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the HRK BH3 domain, sequence hybridization and in silico methods we show dibromomaleimide staple scanning can be used to inform the design of BCL-xL selective peptidomimetic ligands. These HRK-inspired reagents may serve as starting points for the discovery of therapeutics to target BCL-xL-overexpressed cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin Walko
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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2
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Xiao T, Zhang M, Ji H. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Monocarboxylic GRB2 SH2 Domain Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2705:269-290. [PMID: 37668980 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3393-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This protocol discloses the synthesis of monocarboxylic inhibitors with a macrocyclic peptide scaffold to bind with the GRB2 SH2 domain and disrupt the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between GRB2 and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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3
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Shinkawa Y, Furutani T, Ikeda T, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Decarboxylative Side-Chain Functionalization of Aspartic/Glutamic Acids Using Two-Molecule Photoredox Catalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11816-11825. [PMID: 35952660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The side-chain functionalization of aspartic/glutamic acid derivatives through photoinduced decarboxylation was achieved by using organic two-molecule photoredox catalysts without racemization under mild conditions. A facile process involving the preparation of substrates and photoinduced decarboxylative radical additions can provide easy access to the linked amino acids with carbohydrates and amino acids at the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Shinkawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiki Furutani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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4
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Quereda V, Frydman SM, Ming Q, Luca VC, Duckett DR, Ji H. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12109-12131. [PMID: 34382808 PMCID: PMC8817233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly associated with many diseases including cancer invasion and metastasis. Small-molecule targeting of the central signaling node of this pathway, β-catenin, is a biologically rational approach to abolish hyperactivation of β-catenin signaling but has been demonstrated to be a difficult task. Herein, we report a drug-like small molecule, ZW4864, that binds with β-catenin and selectively disrupts the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) and β-catenin while sparing the β-catenin/E-cadherin PPI. ZW4864 dose-dependently suppresses β-catenin signaling activation, downregulates oncogenic β-catenin target genes, and abrogates invasiveness of β-catenin-dependent cancer cells. More importantly, ZW4864 shows good pharmacokinetic properties and effectively suppresses β-catenin target gene expression in the patient-derived xenograft mouse model. This study offers a selective chemical probe to explore β-catenin-related biology and a drug-like small-molecule β-catenin/BCL9 disruptor for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Sylvia M Frydman
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
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5
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Wang H, Dawber RS, Zhang P, Walko M, Wilson AJ, Wang X. Peptide-based inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: biophysical, structural and cellular consequences of introducing a constraint. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5977-5993. [PMID: 33995995 PMCID: PMC8098664 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are implicated in the majority of cellular processes by enabling and regulating the function of individual proteins. Thus, PPIs represent high-value, but challenging targets for therapeutic intervention. The development of constrained peptides represents an emerging strategy to generate peptide-based PPI inhibitors, typically mediated by α-helices. The approach can confer significant benefits including enhanced affinity, stability and cellular penetration and is ingrained in the premise that pre-organization simultaneously pays the entropic cost of binding, prevents a peptide from adopting a protease compliant β-strand conformation and shields the hydrophilic amides from the hydrophobic membrane. This conceptual blueprint for the empirical design of peptide-based PPI inhibitors is an exciting and potentially lucrative way to effect successful PPI inhibitor drug-discovery. However, a plethora of more subtle effects may arise from the introduction of a constraint that include changes to binding dynamics, the mode of recognition and molecular properties. In this review, we summarise the influence of inserting constraints on biophysical, conformational, structural and cellular behaviour across a range of constraining chemistries and targets, to highlight the tremendous success that has been achieved with constrained peptides alongside emerging design opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin St. Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Robert S Dawber
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Martin Walko
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin St. Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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6
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Nolen EG, Cao YM, Lewis BD, Powers MH, Thompson AW, Bennett JM. Stereoselective Synthesis of (4 S,5 S)-5-Vinyloxazolidin-2-one-4-carboxylate as a β-Vinylserine Synthetic Equivalent by Vinyl Grignard Addition to an N-Tosyl Version of Garner's Aldehyde. Synlett 2020; 32:601-604. [PMID: 34366570 PMCID: PMC8341458 DOI: 10.1055/a-1308-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of a β-vinylserine synthetic equivalent is reported that exploits the stereodirecting effect of the N-toluenesulfonamide in an anti-diastereoselective (8.5:1) vinyl Grignard addition to an analogue of Garner's aldehyde. Both aryl and alkyl Grignards are shown to give increased anti-selectivity compared with N-Boc Garner's aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest G Nolen
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Yuqi M Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Brynn D Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Madison H Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Andrew W Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - John M Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
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7
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Wu B, Zheng W. Bis-Lactam Peptide [i, i+4]-Stapling with α-Methylated Thialysines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194506. [PMID: 33019638 PMCID: PMC7582373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four bis-lactam [i, i+4]-stapled peptides with d- or l-α-methyl-thialysines were constructed on a model peptide sequence derived from p110α[E545K] and subjected to circular dichroism (CD) and proteolytic stability assessment, alongside the corresponding bis-lactam [i, i+4]-stapled peptide with l-thialysine. The % α-helicity values of these four stapled peptides were found to be largely comparable to each other yet greater than that of the stapled peptide with l-thialysine. An l-α-methyl-thialysine-stapled peptide built on a model peptide sequence derived from ribonuclease A (RNase A) was also found to exhibit a greater % α-helicity than its l-thialysine-stapled counterpart. Moreover, a greater proteolytic stability was demonstrated for the l-α-methyl-thialysine-stapled p110α[E545K] and RNase A peptides than that of their respective l-thialysine-stapled counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15189129171; Fax: +86-511-88795939
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8
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Li X, Chen S, Zhang WD, Hu HG. Stapled Helical Peptides Bearing Different Anchoring Residues. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10079-10144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- Insititute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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9
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Merritt HI, Sawyer N, Arora PS. Bent Into Shape: Folded Peptides to Mimic Protein Structure and Modulate Protein Function. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112:e24145. [PMID: 33575525 PMCID: PMC7875438 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein secondary and tertiary structure mimics have served as model systems to probe biophysical parameters that guide protein folding and as attractive reagents to modulate protein interactions. Here we review contemporary methods to reproduce loop, helix, sheet and coiled-coil conformations in short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paramjit S. Arora
- Department of Chemistry New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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10
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Watson ME, Jamieson C, Kennedy AR, Mason AM. A reappraisal of the Ni-[(Benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone complex in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted amino acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Song JM, Gallagher EE, Menon A, Mishra LD, Garner AL. The role of olefin geometry in the activity of hydrocarbon stapled peptides targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6414-6419. [PMID: 31215581 PMCID: PMC6625666 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon stapled (HCS) peptides are a class of cross-linked α-helix mimetics. The technology relies on the use of α,α'-disubstituted alkenyl amino acids, which fully contrain the helical region to typically yield peptides with enhanced structural ordering and biological activity. Recently, monosubstituted alkenyl amino acids were disclosed for peptide stapling; however, the impact that this tether has on HCS peptide structure and activity has not yet been fully explored. By applying this HCS to the disordered peptide eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), we discovered that this type of tethering has a dramatic effect on olefin geometry and activity of the resultant stapled peptides, where the putative trans isomer was found to exhibit enhanced in vitro and cellular inhibitory activity against eIF4E protein-protein interactions. We further demonstrated that the metathesis catalyst used for ring-closing metathesis can influence monosubstituted HCS peptide activity, presumably through alteration of the cis/trans olefin ratio. This study represents one of the first in-depth analyses of olefin isomers of a stapled peptide and highlights an additional feature for medicinal chemistry optimization of this class of peptide-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Song
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Erin E Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Lauren D Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, NCRC B520, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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12
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Iqbal ES, Richardson SL, Abrigo NA, Dods KK, Osorio Franco HE, Gerrish HS, Kotapati HK, Morgan IM, Masterson DS, Hartman MCT. A new strategy for the in vitro selection of stapled peptide inhibitors by mRNA display. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8959-8962. [PMID: 31290487 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon stapled peptides are promising therapeutics for inhibition of intracellular protein-protein interactions. Here we develop a new high-throughput strategy for hydrocarbon stapled peptide discovery based on mRNA display of peptides containing α-methyl cysteine and cyclized with m-dibromoxylene. We focus on development of a peptide binder to the HPV16 E2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil S Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Stacie L Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicolas A Abrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kara K Dods
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - H Estheban Osorio Franco
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Heather S Gerrish
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hari Kiran Kotapati
- School of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, 118 College Drive #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA and Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980566, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Douglas S Masterson
- School of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Chemistry & Biochemistry, 118 College Drive #5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Matthew C T Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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13
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Arrata I, Grison CM, Coubrough HM, Prabhakaran P, Little MA, Tomlinson DC, Webb ME, Wilson AJ. Control of conformation in α-helix mimicking aromatic oligoamide foldamers through interactions between adjacent side-chains. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3861-3867. [PMID: 30938392 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structural characterization of non-natural oligomers that adopt well-defined conformations, so called foldamers, is a key objective in developing biomimetic 3D functional architectures. For the aromatic oligoamide foldamer family, use of interactions between side-chains to control conformation is underexplored. The current manuscript addresses this objective through the design, synthesis and conformational analyses of model dimers derived from 3-O-alkylated para-aminobenzoic acid monomers. The O-alkyl groups on these foldamers are capable of adopting syn- or anti-conformers through rotation around the Ar-CO/NH axes. In the syn-conformation this allows the foldamer to act as a topographical mimic of the α-helix whereby the O-alkyl groups mimic the spatial orientation of the i and i + 4 side-chains from the α-helix. Using molecular modelling and 2D NMR analyses, this work illustrates that covalent links and hydrogen-bonding interactions between side-chains can bias the conformation in favour of the α-helix mimicking syn-conformer, offering insight that may be more widely applied to control secondary structure in foldamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Arrata
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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14
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Bakail M, Rodriguez‐Marin S, Hegedüs Z, Perrin ME, Ochsenbein F, Wilson AJ. Recognition of ASF1 by Using Hydrocarbon-Constrained Peptides. Chembiochem 2019; 20:891-895. [PMID: 30512234 PMCID: PMC6468270 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting the histone H3-ASF1 (anti-silencing function 1) protein-protein interaction (PPI) represents a potential approach for treating numerous cancers. As an α-helix-mediated PPI, constraining the key histone H3 helix (residues 118-135) is a strategy through which chemical probes might be elaborated to test this hypothesis. In this work, variant H3118-135 peptides bearing pentenylglycine residues at the i and i+4 positions were constrained by olefin metathesis. Biophysical analyses revealed that promotion of a bioactive helical conformation depends on the position at which the constraint is introduced, but that the potency of binding towards ASF1 is unaffected by the constraint and instead that enthalpy-entropy compensation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bakail
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)IBITECSCEACNRSUniversité Paris–SudUniversité Paris–Saclay91198Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance
- Present address: Inserm, U1016Institut CochinCNRSUMR8104Université Paris Descartes27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques75014ParisFrance
| | - Silvia Rodriguez‐Marin
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Zsófia Hegedüs
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Marie E. Perrin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)IBITECSCEACNRSUniversité Paris–SudUniversité Paris–Saclay91198Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance
| | - Françoise Ochsenbein
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)IBITECSCEACNRSUniversité Paris–SudUniversité Paris–Saclay91198Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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15
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Verhoork SJM, Jennings CE, Rozatian N, Reeks J, Meng J, Corlett EK, Bunglawala F, Noble MEM, Leach AG, Coxon CR. Tuning the Binding Affinity and Selectivity of Perfluoroaryl-Stapled Peptides by Cysteine-Editing. Chemistry 2019; 25:177-182. [PMID: 30255959 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of approaches to "staple" α-helical peptides into a bioactive conformation using cysteine cross-linking are emerging. Here, the replacement of l-cysteine with "cysteine analogues" in combinations of different stereochemistry, side chain length and beta-carbon substitution, is explored to examine the influence that the thiol-containing residue(s) has on target protein binding affinity in a well-explored model system, p53-MDM2/MDMX, which is constituted by the interaction of the tumour suppressor protein p53 and proteins MDM2 and MDMX, which regulate p53 activity. In some cases, replacement of one or more l-cysteine residues afforded significant changes in the measured binding affinity and target selectivity of the peptide. Computationally constructed homology models indicate that some modifications, such as incorporating two d-cysteine residues, favourably alter the positions of key functional amino acid side chains, which is likely to cause changes in binding affinity, in agreement with measured surface plasmon resonance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J M Verhoork
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Claire E Jennings
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Neshat Rozatian
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Judith Reeks
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jieman Meng
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emily K Corlett
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Fazila Bunglawala
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom St, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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16
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Shi X, Hu K, Geng H, Liu Z, Yin F, Li Z. Effects of chiral center on an all‐hydrocarbon tethered peptide. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Kuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Hao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
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17
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Li X, Zou Y, Hu HG. Different stapling-based peptide drug design: Mimicking α-helix as inhibitors of protein–protein interaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Robertson NS, Spring DR. Using Peptidomimetics and Constrained Peptides as Valuable Tools for Inhibiting Protein⁻Protein Interactions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040959. [PMID: 29671834 PMCID: PMC6017787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are tremendously important for the function of many biological processes. However, because of the structure of many protein–protein interfaces (flat, featureless and relatively large), they have largely been overlooked as potential drug targets. In this review, we highlight the current tools used to study the molecular recognition of PPIs through the use of different peptidomimetics, from small molecules and scaffolds to peptides. Then, we focus on constrained peptides, and in particular, ways to constrain α-helices through stapling using both one- and two-component techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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19
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McWhinnie FS, Sepp K, Wilson C, Kunath T, Hupp TR, Baker TS, Houston DR, Hulme AN. Mono-Substituted Hydrocarbon Diastereomer Combinations Reveal Stapled Peptides with High Structural Fidelity. Chemistry 2018; 24:2094-2097. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergus S. McWhinnie
- EaStChem School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, ISCR; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH16 4UU UK
| | - Kristel Sepp
- EaStChem School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Charlotte Wilson
- EaStChem School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, ISCR; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH16 4UU UK
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH4 2XR UK
| | | | - Douglas R. Houston
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - Alison N. Hulme
- EaStChem School of Chemistry; University of Edinburgh; David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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20
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Chattopadhyay SK, Sil S, Mukherjee JP. Synthesis of 2-aminosuberic acid derivatives as components of some histone deacetylase inhibiting cyclic tetrapeptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2153-2156. [PMID: 29114321 PMCID: PMC5669242 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthesis of the important amino acid 2-aminosuberic acid from aspartic acid is reported. The methodology involves the alternate preparation of (S)-2-aminohept-6-enoate ester as a building block and its diversification through a cross-metathesis reaction to prepare the title compounds. The utility of the protocol is demonstrated through the preparation of three suberic acid derivatives of relevance to the design and the synthesis of peptides of biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Sil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
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21
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Li B, Zhang J, Xu Y, Yang X, Li L. Improved synthesis of unnatural amino acids for peptide stapling. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Grison CM, Burslem GM, Miles JA, Pilsl LKA, Yeo DJ, Imani Z, Warriner SL, Webb ME, Wilson AJ. Double quick, double click reversible peptide "stapling". Chem Sci 2017; 8:5166-5171. [PMID: 28970902 PMCID: PMC5618791 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation and bearing a functional handle for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is described.
The development of constrained peptides for inhibition of protein–protein interactions is an emerging strategy in chemical biology and drug discovery. This manuscript introduces a versatile, rapid and reversible approach to constrain peptides in a bioactive helical conformation using BID and RNase S peptides as models. Dibromomaleimide is used to constrain BID and RNase S peptide sequence variants bearing cysteine (Cys) or homocysteine (hCys) amino acids spaced at i and i + 4 positions by double substitution. The constraint can be readily removed by displacement of the maleimide using excess thiol. This new constraining methodology results in enhanced α-helical conformation (BID and RNase S peptide) as demonstrated by circular dichroism and molecular dynamics simulations, resistance to proteolysis (BID) as demonstrated by trypsin proteolysis experiments and retained or enhanced potency of inhibition for Bcl-2 family protein–protein interactions (BID), or greater capability to restore the hydrolytic activity of the RNAse S protein (RNase S peptide). Finally, use of a dibromomaleimide functionalized with an alkyne permits further divergent functionalization through alkyne–azide cycloaddition chemistry on the constrained peptide with fluorescein, oligoethylene glycol or biotin groups to facilitate biophysical and cellular analyses. Hence this methodology may extend the scope and accessibility of peptide stapling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Grison
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - George M Burslem
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Ludwig K A Pilsl
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - David J Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Zeynab Imani
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Michael E Webb
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
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23
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Stapled peptide design: principles and roles of computation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1642-1653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Miles JA, Yeo DJ, Rowell P, Rodriguez-Marin S, Pask CM, Warriner SL, Edwards TA, Wilson AJ. Hydrocarbon constrained peptides - understanding preorganisation and binding affinity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3694-3702. [PMID: 28970875 PMCID: PMC5618334 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of constrained peptides represents an emerging strategy to generate peptide based probes and hits for drug-discovery that address challenging protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In this manuscript we report on the use of a novel α-alkenylglycine derived amino acid to synthesise hydrocarbon constrained BH3-family sequences (BIM and BID). Our biophysical and structural analyses illustrate that whilst the introduction of the constraint increases the population of the bioactive α-helical conformation of the peptide in solution, it does not enhance the inhibitory potency against pro-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 PPIs. SPR analyses indicate binding occurs via an induced fit mechanism whilst X-ray analyses illustrate none of the key interactions between the helix and protein are disturbed. The behaviour derives from enthalpy-entropy compensation which may be considered in terms of the ground state energies of the unbound constrained and unconstrained peptides; this has implications for the design of preorganised peptides to target protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - David J Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Philip Rowell
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Marin
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Christopher M Pask
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Thomas A Edwards
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
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25
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Tian Y, Li J, Zhao H, Zeng X, Wang D, Liu Q, Niu X, Huang X, Xu N, Li Z. Stapling of unprotected helical peptides via photo-induced intramolecular thiol-yne hydrothiolation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3325-3330. [PMID: 29997825 PMCID: PMC6006495 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide stapling emerged as a versatile strategy to recapitulate the bioactive helical conformation of unstructured short peptides in water to improve their therapeutic properties in targeting intracellular "undruggable" targets. Here, we describe the development of photo-induced intramolecular thiol-yne macrocyclization for rapid access to short stapled peptides with enhanced biophysical properties. This new peptide stapling technique provides rapid access to conformationally constrained helices with satisfying functional group tolerance. Notably, the vinyl sulfide linkage shows distinct lipophilicity with reduced membrane toxicity compared to the corresponding all-hydrocarbon analogue. As a proof of principle, we constructed stabilized helices modulating intracellular estrogen receptor (ER)-coactivator interactions with a nanomolar binding affinity, enhanced serum stability, a diffuse cellular distribution and selective cytotoxicity towards ER-positive MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Jingxu Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Center of Systems Biology and Human Health , School of Science and Institute for Advance Study , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Dongyuan Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Qisong Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Xiaogang Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Center of Systems Biology and Human Health , School of Science and Institute for Advance Study , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology , Division of Life Science , Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology , Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen , 518055 , China .
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26
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions: Mimicking Peptide Binding Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8896-927. [PMID: 26119925 PMCID: PMC4557054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved at all levels of cellular organization, thus making the development of PPI inhibitors extremely valuable. The identification of selective inhibitors is challenging because of the shallow and extended nature of PPI interfaces. Inhibitors can be obtained by mimicking peptide binding epitopes in their bioactive conformation. For this purpose, several strategies have been evolved to enable a projection of side chain functionalities in analogy to peptide secondary structures, thereby yielding molecules that are generally referred to as peptidomimetics. Herein, we introduce a new classification of peptidomimetics (classes A-D) that enables a clear assignment of available approaches. Based on this classification, the Review summarizes strategies that have been applied for the structure-based design of PPI inhibitors through stabilizing or mimicking turns, β-sheets, and helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelay-Gimeno
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Adrian Glas
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Oliver Koch
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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27
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Strukturbasierte Entwicklung von Protein-Protein-Interaktionsinhibitoren: Stabilisierung und Nachahmung von Peptidliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Aillard B, Robertson NS, Baldwin AR, Robins S, Jamieson AG. Robust asymmetric synthesis of unnatural alkenyl amino acids for conformationally constrained α-helix peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:8775-82. [PMID: 25266495 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient asymmetric synthesis of unnatural alkenyl amino acids required for peptide 'stapling' has been achieved using alkylation of a fluorine-modified Ni(II) Schiff base complex as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Aillard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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29
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Abe H, Kayamori F, Inouye M. Glycosyl-Templated Chiral Helix Stapling of Ethynylpyridine Oligomers by Alkene Metathesis between Inter-Pitch Side Chains. Chemistry 2015; 21:9405-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Yamashita H, Demizu Y, Misawa T, Shoda T, Kurihara M. Synthesis of a bis-cationic α,α-disubstituted amino acid (9-amino-bispidine-9-carboxylic acid) and its effects on the conformational properties of peptides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Stereoselective synthesis of unsaturated α-amino acids. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1107-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Azzarito V, Miles JA, Fisher J, Edwards TA, Warriner SL, Wilson AJ. Stereocontrolled protein surface recognition using chiral oligoamide proteomimetic foldamers. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2434-2443. [PMID: 29308155 PMCID: PMC5646261 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An oligoamide helix mimicking foldamer with well-defined conformation is shown to recognize its target protein hDM2 in a manner that depends upon the composition, spatial projection and stereochemistry of functional groups appended to the scaffold.
The development of foldamers capable of selective molecular recognition of solvent exposed protein surfaces represents an outstanding challenge in supramolecular chemical biology. Here we introduce an oligoamide foldamer with well-defined conformation that bears all the hallmarks of an information rich oligomer. Specifically, the foldamer recognizes its target protein hDM2 leading to inhibition of its protein–protein interaction with p53 in a manner that depends upon the composition, spatial projection and stereochemistry of functional groups appended to the scaffold. Most significantly, selective inhibition of p53/hDM2 can be achieved against four other targets and the selectivity for p53/hDM2 inhibition versus Mcl-1/NOXA-B inhibition is critically dependent upon the stereochemistry of the helix mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Azzarito
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Jennifer A Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Julie Fisher
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Thomas A Edwards
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . .,Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
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34
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Douse CH, Maas SJ, Thomas JC, Garnett JA, Sun Y, Cota E, Tate EW. Crystal structures of stapled and hydrogen bond surrogate peptides targeting a fully buried protein-helix interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2204-9. [PMID: 25084543 DOI: 10.1021/cb500271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Constrained α-helical peptides are an exciting class of molecule designed to disrupt protein-protein interactions (PPIs) at a surface-exposed helix binding site. Complexes that engage more than one helical face account for over a third of structurally characterized helix PPIs, including several examples where the helix is fully buried. However, no constrained peptides have been reported that have targeted this class of interaction. We report the design of stapled and hydrogen bond surrogate (HBS) peptides mimicking the helical tail of the malaria parasite invasion motor myosin (myoA), which presents polar and hydrophobic functionality on all three faces in binding its partner, myoA tail interacting protein (MTIP), with high affinity. The first structures of these different constrained peptides bound to the same target are reported, enabling a direct comparison between these constraints and between staples based on monosubstituted pentenyl glycine (pGly) and disubstituted pentenyl alanine (pAla). Importantly, installation of these constraints does not disrupt native interactions in the buried site, so the affinity of the wild-type peptide is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Douse
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina J. Maas
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jemima C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Garnett
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yunyun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Cota
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Centre for Structural Biology, Department
of Life
Sciences, and §Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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35
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Zhang Q, Shi X, Jiang Y, Li Z. Influence of α-methylation in constructing stapled peptides with olefin metathesis. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barnard A, Long K, Yeo DJ, Miles JA, Azzarito V, Burslem GM, Prabhakaran P, A. Edwards T, Wilson AJ. Orthogonal functionalisation of α-helix mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6794-9. [PMID: 25065821 PMCID: PMC4157654 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Helix mediated protein-protein interactions are of major therapeutic importance. As such, the design of inhibitors of this class of interaction is of significant interest. We present methodology to modify N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide α-helix mimetics using 'click' chemistry. The effect is shown to modulate the binding properties of a series of selective p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Kérya Long
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - David J. Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Jennifer A. Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Valeria Azzarito
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - George M. Burslem
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Panchami Prabhakaran
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Thomas A. Edwards
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
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Lau YH, de Andrade P, Wu Y, Spring DR. Peptide stapling techniques based on different macrocyclisation chemistries. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 44:91-102. [PMID: 25199043 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide stapling is a strategy for constraining short peptides typically in an alpha-helical conformation. Stapling is carried out by covalently linking the side-chains of two amino acids, thereby forming a peptide macrocycle. There is an expanding repertoire of stapling techniques based on different macrocyclisation chemistries. In this tutorial review, we categorise and analyse key examples of peptide stapling in terms of their synthesis and applicability to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng Lau
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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40
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de Araujo AD, Hoang HN, Kok WM, Diness F, Gupta P, Hill TA, Driver RW, Price DA, Liras S, Fairlie DP. Comparative α-Helicity of Cyclic Pentapeptides in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6965-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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de Araujo AD, Hoang HN, Kok WM, Diness F, Gupta P, Hill TA, Driver RW, Price DA, Liras S, Fairlie DP. Comparative α-Helicity of Cyclic Pentapeptides in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Magdesieva TV, Levitskiy OA, Grishin YK, Ambartsumyan AA, Paseshnichenko KA, Kolotyrkina NG, Kochetkov KA. Chiral Nickel(II) Binuclear Complexes: Targeted Diastereoselective Electrosynthesis. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Levitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri K. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Asmik A. Ambartsumyan
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Paseshnichenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia G. Kolotyrkina
- Zelinsky Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp.,
47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Kochetkov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str., 28, Moscow, Russia
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Yamashita H, Demizu Y, Shoda T, Sato Y, Oba M, Tanaka M, Kurihara M. Amphipathic short helix-stabilized peptides with cell-membrane penetrating ability. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2403-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Zou Y, Spokoyny AM, Zhang C, Simon MD, Yu H, Lin YS, Pentelute BL. Convergent diversity-oriented side-chain macrocyclization scan for unprotected polypeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:566-73. [PMID: 24310320 PMCID: PMC3935340 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a general synthetic platform for side-chain macrocyclization of an unprotected peptide library based on the SNAr reaction between cysteine thiolates and a new generation of highly reactive perfluoroaromatic small molecule linkers. This strategy enabled us to simultaneously "scan" two cysteine residues positioned from i, i + 1 to i, i + 14 sites in a polypeptide, producing 98 macrocyclic products from reactions of 14 peptides with 7 linkers. A complementary reverse strategy was developed; cysteine residues within the polypeptide were first modified with non-bridging perfluoroaryl moieties and then commercially available dithiol linkers were used for macrocyclization. The highly convergent, site-independent, and modular nature of these two strategies coupled with the unique chemoselectivity of a SNAr transformation allows for the rapid diversity-oriented synthesis of hybrid macrocyclic peptide libraries with varied chemical and structural complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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45
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Martín-Lasanta A, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Johnson A, Miguel D, Mota AJ, Orte A, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Ribagorda M, Cárdenas DJ, Carmen Carreño M, Echavarren AM, Cuerva JM. Novel ortho-OPE metallofoldamers: binding-induced folding promoted by nucleating Ag(i)–alkyne interactions. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ag(i)–alkyne interactions induce the folding of o-OPE foldamers, yielding a new class of metallofoldamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Lasanta
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alice Johnson
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Tarragona, Spain
| | - Delia Miguel
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Mota
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Orte
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Ribagorda
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Carreño
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
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