1
|
MacPherson DS, McPhee SA, Zeglis BM, Ulijn RV. The Impact of Tyrosine Iodination on the Aggregation and Cleavage Kinetics of MMP-9-Responsive Peptide Sequences. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:579-587. [PMID: 35050574 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes are over-expressed by some metastatic cancers, in which they are responsible for the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In recent years, MMPs have emerged as promising targets for enzyme-responsive diagnostic probes because oligopeptides can be designed to be selectively hydrolyzed by exposure to these enzymes. With the ultimate goal of developing radio-iodinated peptides as supramolecular building blocks for MMP-sensitive tools for nuclear imaging and therapy, we designed three MMP-9-responsive peptides containing either tyrosine or iodotyrosine to assess the impact of iodotyrosine introduction to the peptide structure and cleavage kinetics. We found that the peptides containing iodotyrosine underwent more rapid and more complete hydrolysis by MMP-9. While the peptides under investigation were predominantly disordered, it was found that iodination increased the degree of aromatic residue-driven aggregation of the peptides. We determined that these iodination-related trends stem from the improved overall intramolecular order through H- and halogen bonding, in addition to intermolecular organization of the self-assembled peptides due to steric and electrostatic effects introduced by the halogenated tyrosine. These fundamental observations provide insights for the development of enzyme-triggered peptide aggregation tools for localized radioactive iodine-based tumor imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S MacPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Scott A McPhee
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Davis E. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery: A Review of Platform Materials and Stimuli-Responsive Release and Targeting Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:746. [PMID: 33809633 PMCID: PMC8000772 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Davis
- Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Slor G, Olea AR, Pujals S, Tigrine A, De La Rosa VR, Hoogenboom R, Albertazzi L, Amir RJ. Judging Enzyme-Responsive Micelles by Their Covers: Direct Comparison of Dendritic Amphiphiles with Different Hydrophilic Blocks. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1197-1210. [PMID: 33512161 PMCID: PMC7944483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enzymatically
degradable polymeric micelles have great potential
as drug delivery systems, allowing the selective release of their
active cargo at the site of disease. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation
of the polymeric nanocarriers facilitates clearance of the delivery
system after it has completed its task. While extensive research is
dedicated toward the design and study of the enzymatically degradable
hydrophobic block, there is limited understanding on how the hydrophilic
shell of the micelle can affect the properties of such enzymatically
degradable micelles. In this work, we report a systematic head-to-head
comparison of well-defined polymeric micelles with different polymeric
shells and two types of enzymatically degradable hydrophobic cores.
To carry out this direct comparison, we developed a highly modular
approach for preparing clickable, spectrally active enzyme-responsive
dendrons with adjustable degree of hydrophobicity. The dendrons were
linked with three different widely used hydrophilic polymers—poly(ethylene
glycol), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(acrylic acid) using the
CuAAC click reaction. The high modularity and molecular precision
of the synthetic methodology enabled us to easily prepare well-defined
amphiphiles that differ either in their hydrophilic block composition
or in their hydrophobic dendron. The micelles of the different amphiphiles
were thoroughly characterized and their sizes, critical micelle concentrations,
drug loading, stability, and cell internalization were compared. We
found that the micelle diameter was almost solely dependent on the
hydrophobicity of the dendritic hydrophobic block, whereas the enzymatic
degradation rate was strongly dependent on the composition of both
blocks. Drug encapsulation capacity was very sensitive to the type
of the hydrophilic block, indicating that, in addition to the hydrophobic
core, the micellar shell also has a significant role in drug encapsulation.
Incubation of the spectrally active micelles in the presence of cells
showed that the hydrophilic shell significantly affects the micellar
stability, localization, cell internalization kinetics, and the cargo
release mechanism. Overall, the high molecular precision and the ability
of these amphiphiles to report their disassembly, even in complex
biological media, allowed us to directly compare the different types
of micelles, providing striking insights into how the composition
of the micelle shells and cores can affect their properties and potential
to serve as nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Slor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alis R Olea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí I Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Tigrine
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R De La Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology (TUE), Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,BLAVATNIK Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Wooley KL. Investigation of segmental reorganization within amphiphilic block polymer nanoparticles derived from shell crosslinked micelle templates: Shell crosslinked knedel‐like inversion. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Experimental work was conducted at Washington University in Saint Louis Department of Chemistry Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
- Present address: Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77842
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77842
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Son J, Kalafatovic D, Kumar M, Yoo B, Cornejo MA, Contel M, Ulijn RV. Customizing Morphology, Size, and Response Kinetics of Matrix Metalloproteinase-Responsive Nanostructures by Systematic Peptide Design. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1555-1562. [PMID: 30689363 PMCID: PMC6475088 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is associated with multiple diseases and can serve as a stimulus to activate nanomaterials for sensing and controlled release. In order to achieve autonomous therapeutics with improved space-time targeting capabilities, several features need to be considered beyond the introduction of an enzyme-cleavable linker into a nanostructure. We introduce guiding principles for a customizable platform using supramolecular peptide nanostructures with three modular components to achieve tunable kinetics and morphology changes upon MMP-9 exposure. This approach enables (1) fine-tuning of kinetics through introduction of ordered/disordered structures, (2) a 12-fold variation in hydrolysis rates achieved by electrostatic (mis)matching of particle and enzyme charge, and (3) selection of enzymatic reaction products that are either cell-killing nanofibers or disintegrate. These guiding principles, which can be rationalized and involve exchange of just a few amino acids, enable systematic customization of enzyme-responsive peptide nanostructures for general use in performance optimization of enzyme-responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Son
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniela Kalafatovic
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 85 Saint Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhuang J, Seçinti H, Zhao B, Thayumanavan S. Propagation of Enzyme‐Induced Surface Events inside Polymer Nanoassemblies for a Fast and Tunable Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Hatice Seçinti
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang J, Seçinti H, Zhao B, Thayumanavan S. Propagation of Enzyme‐Induced Surface Events inside Polymer Nanoassemblies for a Fast and Tunable Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7111-7115. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Hatice Seçinti
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Slor G, Papo N, Hananel U, Amir RJ. Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles as a tool to access micelles with a wide range of enzymatic degradation rates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6875-6878. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles allows access to polymeric micelles with extremely diverse enzymatic degradation and disassembly rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Slor
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
| | - Nitsan Papo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
| | - Uri Hananel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
- Israel
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feiner-Gracia N, Buzhor M, Fuentes E, Pujals S, Amir RJ, Albertazzi L. Micellar Stability in Biological Media Dictates Internalization in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16677-16687. [PMID: 29076736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of polymeric assemblies makes their stability in biological media a crucial parameter for their potential use as drug delivery systems in vivo. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the behavior of self-assembled nanocarriers under conditions that will be encountered in vivo such as extreme dilutions and interactions with blood proteins and cells. Herein, using a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, we studied four amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrids and their self-assembled micelles in order to determine their structure-stability relations. The high molecular precision of the dendritic block enabled us to systematically tune the hydrophobicity and stability of the assembled micelles. Using micelles that change their fluorescent properties upon disassembly, we observed that serum proteins bind to and interact with the polymeric amphiphiles in both their assembled and monomeric states. These interactions strongly affected the stability and enzymatic degradation of the micelles. Finally, using spectrally resolved confocal imaging, we determined the relations between the stability of the polymeric assemblies in biological media and their cell entry. Our results highlight the important interplay between molecular structure, micellar stability, and cell internalization pathways, pinpointing the high sensitivity of stability-activity relations to minor structural changes and the crucial role that these relations play in designing effective polymeric nanostructures for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Feiner-Gracia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Edgar Fuentes
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adamiak L, Touve MA, LeGuyader CLM, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers and Nanoparticles with Enzyme-Regulated Structure and Charge for Inducing or Evading Macrophage Cell Uptake. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9877-9888. [PMID: 28972735 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular uptake by macrophages and ensuing clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system stands as a significant biological barrier for nanoparticle therapeutics. While there is a growing body of work investigating the design principles essential for imparting nanomaterials with long-circulating characteristics and macrophage evasion, there is still a widespread need for examining stimuli-responsive systems, particularly well-characterized soft materials, which differ in their physiochemical properties prior to and after an applied stimulus. In this work, we describe the synthesis and formulation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and soluble homopolymers (Ps) encoded with multiple copies of a peptide substrate for proteases. We examined the macrophage cell uptake of these materials, which vary in their peptide charge and conjugation (via the N- or C-terminus). Following treatment with a model protease, thermolysin, the NPs and Ps undergo changes in their morphology and charge. After proteolysis, zwitterionic NPs showed significant cellular uptake, with the C-terminus NP displaying higher internalization than its N-terminus analogue. Enzyme-cleaved homopolymers generally avoided assembly and uptake, though at higher concentrations, enzyme-cleaved N-terminus homopolymers assembled into discrete cylindrical structures, whereas C-terminus homopolymers remained dispersed. Overall, these studies highlight that maintaining control over NP and polymer design parameters can lead to well-defined biological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of NanoEngineering, and §Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mollie A Touve
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of NanoEngineering, and §Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Clare L M LeGuyader
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of NanoEngineering, and §Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of NanoEngineering, and §Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and #Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosenbaum I, Avinery R, Harnoy AJ, Slor G, Tirosh E, Hananel U, Beck R, Amir RJ. Reversible Dimerization of Polymeric Amphiphiles Acts as a Molecular Switch of Enzymatic Degradability. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3457-3468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Rosenbaum
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ram Avinery
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Assaf J. Harnoy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Uri Hananel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- BLAVATNIK
CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Harnoy AJ, Buzhor M, Tirosh E, Shaharabani R, Beck R, Amir RJ. Modular Synthetic Approach for Adjusting the Disassembly Rates of Enzyme-Responsive Polymeric Micelles. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1218-1228. [PMID: 28267318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures and their stimuli-responsive degradation have been recently explored to meet the increasing need for advanced biocompatible and biodegradable materials for various biomedical applications. Incorporation of enzymes as triggers that can stimulate the degradation and disassembly of polymeric assemblies may be highly advantageous owing to their high selectivity and natural abundance in all living organisms. One of the key factors to consider when designing enzyme-responsive polymers is the ability to fine-tune the sensitivity of the platform toward its target enzyme in order to control the disassembly rate. In this work, a series of enzyme-responsive amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrids with increasing number of hydrophobic cleavable end-groups was synthesized, characterized, and compared. These hybrids were shown to self-assemble in aqueous media into nanosized polymeric micelles, which could encapsulate small hydrophobic guests in their cores and release them upon enzymatic stimulus. Utilization of dendritic scaffolds as the responsive blocks granted ultimate control over the number of enzymatically cleavable end-groups. Remarkably, as we increased the number of end-groups, the micellar stability increased significantly and the range of enzymatic sensitivity spanned from highly responsive micelles to practically nondegradable ones. The reported results highlight the remarkable role of hydrophobicity in determining the micellar stability toward enzymatic degradation and its great sensitivity to small structural changes of the hydrophobic block, which govern the accessibility of the cleavable hydrophobic groups to the activating enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf J Harnoy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rona Shaharabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Segal M, Avinery R, Buzhor M, Shaharabani R, Harnoy AJ, Tirosh E, Beck R, Amir RJ. Molecular Precision and Enzymatic Degradation: From Readily to Undegradable Polymeric Micelles by Minor Structural Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:803-810. [PMID: 27990807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the enzymatic degradation of synthetic polymers is crucial for the design of suitable materials for biomedical applications ranging from advanced drug delivery systems to tissue engineering. One of the key parameters that governs enzymatic activity is the limited accessibility of the enzyme to its substrates that may be collapsed inside hydrophobic domains. PEG-dendron amphiphiles can serve as powerful tools for the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric amphiphiles due to the monodispersity and symmetry of the hydrophobic dendritic block, which significantly simplifies kinetic analyses. Using these hybrids, we demonstrate how precise, minor changes in the hydrophobic block are manifested into tremendous changes in the stability of the assembled micelles toward enzymatic degradation. The obtained results emphasize the extreme sensitivity of self-assembly and its great importance in regulating the accessibility of enzymes to their substrates. Furthermore, the demonstration that the structural differences between readily degradable and undegradable micelles are rather minor, points to the critical roles that self-assembly and polydispersity play in designing biodegradable materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merav Segal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ram Avinery
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rona Shaharabani
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Assaf J Harnoy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Black KCL, Ibricevic A, Gunsten SP, Flores JA, Gustafson TP, Raymond JE, Samarajeewa S, Shrestha R, Felder SE, Cai T, Shen Y, Löbs AK, Zhegalova N, Sultan DH, Berezin M, Wooley KL, Liu Y, Brody SL. In vivo fate tracking of degradable nanoparticles for lung gene transfer using PET and Ĉerenkov imaging. Biomaterials 2016; 98:53-63. [PMID: 27179433 PMCID: PMC4899101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) play expanding roles in biomedical applications including imaging and therapy, however, their long-term fate and clearance profiles have yet to be fully characterized in vivo. NP delivery via the airway is particularly challenging, as the clearance may be inefficient and lung immune responses complex. Thus, specific material design is required for cargo delivery and quantitative, noninvasive methods are needed to characterize NP pharmacokinetics. Here, biocompatible poly(acrylamidoethylamine)-b-poly(dl-lactide) block copolymer-based degradable, cationic, shell-cross-linked knedel-like NPs (Dg-cSCKs) were employed to transfect plasmid DNA. Radioactive and optical beacons were attached to monitor biodistribution and imaging. The preferential release of cargo in acidic conditions provided enhanced transfection efficiency compared to non-degradable counterparts. In vivo gene transfer to the lung was correlated with NP pharmacokinetics by radiolabeling Dg-cSCKs and performing quantitative biodistribution with parallel positron emission tomography and Čerenkov imaging. Quantitation of imaging over 14 days corresponded with the pharmacokinetics of NP movement from the lung to gastrointestinal and renal routes, consistent with predicted degradation and excretion. This ability to noninvasively and accurately track NP fate highlights the advantage of incorporating multifunctionality into particle design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kvar C L Black
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aida Ibricevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean P Gunsten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeniree A Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tiffany P Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffery E Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sandani Samarajeewa
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Simcha E Felder
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tianyi Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ann-Kathrin Löbs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia Zhegalova
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abul-Haija YM, Ulijn RV. Sequence Adaptive Peptide–Polysaccharide Nanostructures by Biocatalytic Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3473-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Abul-Haija
- WestCHEM/Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- WestCHEM/Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
- Advanced
Science Research Center (ASRC) and Hunter College, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York 10031, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim YH, Tiemann KM, Heo GS, Wagers PO, Rezenom YH, Zhang S, Zhang F, Youngs WJ, Hunstad DA, Wooley KL. Preparation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of silver-bearing degradable polymeric nanoparticles of polyphosphoester-block-poly(L-lactide). ACS NANO 2015; 9:1995-2008. [PMID: 25621868 PMCID: PMC4455953 DOI: 10.1021/nn507046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of well-defined polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery carriers for antimicrobials targeting human infectious diseases requires rational design of the polymer template, an efficient synthetic approach, and fundamental understanding of the developed NPs, e.g., drug loading/release, particle stability, and other characteristics. Herein, we developed and evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of silver-bearing, fully biodegradable and functional polymeric NPs. A series of degradable polymeric nanoparticles (dNPs), composed of phosphoester and L-lactide and designed specifically for silver loading into the hydrophilic shell and/or the hydrophobic core, were prepared as potential delivery carriers for three different types of silver-based antimicrobials-silver acetate or one of two silver carbene complexes (SCCs). Silver-loading capacities of the dNPs were not influenced by the hydrophilic block chain length, loading site (i.e., core or shell), or type of silver compound, but optimization of the silver feed ratio was crucial to maximize the silver loading capacity of dNPs, up to ca. 12% (w/w). The release kinetics of silver-bearing dNPs revealed 50% release at ca. 2.5-5.5 h depending on the type of silver compound. In addition, we undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the rates of hydrolytic or enzymatic degradability and performed structural characterization of the degradation products. Interestingly, packaging of the SCCs in the dNP-based delivery system improved minimum inhibitory concentrations up to 70%, compared with the SCCs alone, as measured in vitro against 10 contemporary epidemic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and eight uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. We conclude that these dNP-based delivery systems may be beneficial for direct epithelial treatment and/or prevention of ubiquitous bacterial infections, including those of the skin and urinary tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young H. Lim
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kristin M. Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Patrick O. Wagers
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Silver Therapeutics Research, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Yohannes H. Rezenom
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Wiley J. Youngs
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Silver Therapeutics Research, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rosenbaum I, Harnoy AJ, Tirosh E, Buzhor M, Segal M, Frid L, Shaharabani R, Avinery R, Beck R, Amir RJ. Encapsulation and covalent binding of molecular payload in enzymatically activated micellar nanocarriers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2276-84. [PMID: 25607219 DOI: 10.1021/ja510085s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and often-observed overexpression of specific disease-associated enzymes make them extremely attractive for triggering the release of hydrophobic drug or probe molecules from stimuli-responsive micellar nanocarriers. Here we utilized highly modular amphiphilic polymeric hybrids, composed of a linear hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an esterase-responsive hydrophobic dendron, to prepare and study two diverse strategies for loading of enzyme-responsive micelles. In the first type of micelles, hydrophobic coumarin-derived dyes were encapsulated noncovalently inside the hydrophobic core of the micelle, which was composed of lipophilic enzyme-responsive dendrons. In the second type of micellar nanocarrier the hydrophobic molecular cargo was covalently linked to the end-groups of the dendron through enzyme-cleavable bonds. These amphiphilic hybrids self-assembled into micellar nanocarriers with their cargo covalently encapsulated within the hydrophobic core. Both types of micelles were highly responsive toward the activating enzyme and released their molecular cargo upon enzymatic stimulus. Importantly, while faster release was observed with noncovalent encapsulation, higher loading capacity and slower release rate were achieved with covalent encapsulation. Our results clearly indicate the great potential of enzyme-responsive micellar delivery platforms due to the ability to tune their payload capacities and release rates by adjusting the loading strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Rosenbaum
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, §Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ding Y, Kang Y, Zhang X. Enzyme-responsive polymer assemblies constructed through covalent synthesis and supramolecular strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:996-1003. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive polymer assemblies have continually gained progress through the introduction of new enzymes and the development of new strategies for their preparation. In addition, kinetic studies will pave the way for tuning the response rate in a controlled manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Kang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Yin J, Crystal DT, Rush AM, Gilson MK, Gianneschi NC. Peptides displayed as high density brush polymers resist proteolysis and retain bioactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15422-37. [PMID: 25314576 PMCID: PMC4227725 DOI: 10.1021/ja5088216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a strategy for rendering peptides resistant to proteolysis by formulating them as high-density brush polymers. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by polymerizing well-established cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and showing that the resulting polymers are not only resistant to proteolysis but also maintain their ability to enter cells. The scope of this design concept is explored by studying the proteolytic resistance of brush polymers composed of peptides that are substrates for either thrombin or a metalloprotease. Finally, we demonstrate that the proteolytic susceptibility of peptide brush polymers can be tuned by adjusting the density of the polymer brush and offer in silico models to rationalize this finding. We contend that this strategy offers a plausible method of preparing peptides for in vivo use, where rapid digestion by proteases has traditionally restricted their utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|