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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Abramov VM, Tokhtueva MD, Melekhin VV, Eltsov OS. Acetonyl C^N^N platinum(II) complexes of arylbipyridines. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024. [PMID: 38982634 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the first example of the formation of acetonyl tridentate CˆNˆN complexes of arylbipyridines in the reaction of chloroplatinum complexes with acetone in the presence of alkali. The chemical structure of obtained substances was established by means of 1H,13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The attribution of all proton and carbon signals in NMR spectra was performed using 1D and 2D NMR experiments for the synthesized acetonyl cycloplatinated complexes. A comparative analysis of the values of the C-Pt spin-spin coupling constants of the same order was carried out, which showed a significant difference in bond lengths and valence angles inthe cyclic fragments of the arylbipyridine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav M Abramov
- Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maria D Tokhtueva
- Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod V Melekhin
- Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg S Eltsov
- Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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Maciel-Flores CE, Lozano-Alvarez JA, Bivián-Castro EY. Recently Reported Biological Activities and Action Targets of Pt(II)- and Cu(II)-Based Complexes. Molecules 2024; 29:1066. [PMID: 38474580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Most diseases that affect human beings across the world are now treated with drugs of organic origin. However, some of these are associated with side effects, toxicity, and resistance phenomena. For the treatment of many illnesses, the development of new molecules with pharmacological potential is now an urgent matter. The biological activities of metal complexes have been reported to have antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and antiparasitic effects, amongst others. Metal complexes are effective because they possess unique properties. For example, the complex entity possesses the effective biological activity, then the formation of coordination bonds between the metal ions and ligands is controlled, metal ions provide it with extraordinary mechanisms of action because of characteristics such as d-orbitals, oxidation states, and specific orientations; metal complexes also exhibit good stability and good physicochemical properties such as water solubility. Platinum is a transition metal widely used in the design of drugs with antineoplastic activities; however, platinum is associated with side effects which have made it necessary to search for, and design, novel complexes based on other metals. Copper is a biometal which is found in living systems; it is now used in the design of metal complexes with biological activities that have demonstrated antitumoral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, amongst others. In this review, we consider the open horizons of Cu(II)- and Pt(II)-based complexes, new trends in their design, their synthesis, their biological activities and their targets of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Eduardo Maciel-Flores
- Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Díaz de León 1144, Col. Paseos de la Montaña, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Lozano-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 Cd. Universitaria, Aguascalientes 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Egla Yareth Bivián-Castro
- Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Díaz de León 1144, Col. Paseos de la Montaña, Lagos de Moreno 47460, Jalisco, Mexico
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Ming J, Bhatti MZ, Ali A, Zhang Z, Wang N, Mohyuddin A, Chen J, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Vitamin B6 based Pt(II) complexes: Biomolecule derived potential cytotoxic agents for thyroid cancer. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6649654. [PMID: 35876659 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is an essential vitamin that serves as a co-enzyme in a number of enzymatic reactions in metabolism of lipids, amino acids and glucose. In the current study, we synthesized vitamin B6 derived ligand (L) and its complex Pt(L)Cl (C1). The ancillary chloride ligand of C1 was exchanged with pyridine co-ligand and another complex Pt(L)(py).BF4 (C2) was obtained. Both these complexes were obtained in excellent isolated yields and characterized thoroughly by different analytical methods. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system, we studied the in vitro anticancer activity and mechanism of these vitamin B6 derived L and Pt(II) complexes in thyroid cancer cell line (FTC). Based on MTT assay, cell proliferation rate was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. According to apoptosis analysis, vitamin B6 based Pt(II) complexes treated cells depicted necrotic effect and TUNEL based apoptosis was observed in cancer cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analyses of cancer cells treated with C1 and/or C2 showed regulated expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptosis and autophagy related genes. Western blot results demonstrated that C1 and C2 induced the activation of p53 and the cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results suggest that these complexes inhibit the growth of FTC cells and induce apoptosis through p53 signaling. Thus, vitamin B6 derived Pt(II) complexes C1 and C2 may be potential cytotoxic agents for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Ming
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK 25000, Pakistan
| | - Zeqing Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
| | - Aisha Mohyuddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Jiwu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot People's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia 010031, China
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Bai X, Ali A, Lv Z, Wang N, Zhao X, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Platinum complexes inhibit HER-2 enriched and triple-negative breast cancer cells metabolism to suppress growth, stemness and migration by targeting PKM/LDHA and CCND1/BCL2/ATG3 signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113689. [PMID: 34293698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative-breast cancer (TNBC) and HER-2 enriched positive aggressive types of breast cancer and are highly metastatic in nature. Anticancer agents those target TNBC and HER-2 enriched positive breast cancers are considered important in the field of breast cancer research. In search of the effective anticancer agents, we synthesized Pt(II) complexes to target these cancers. Platinum complexes (C1-C8) were prepared in single step by the reaction of commercially available K2PtCl4 with the readily prepared ligands (L1-L8). All these compounds were characterized successfully by different spectroscopic and spectrophotometric analyses. Structures of C1, C3 and C8 were characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis that confirmed the exact chelation mode of the SNO-triply coordinated ligand. All these complexes inhibited the in vitro growth of MCF-7 (luminal-like), MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and SKBR3 (HER-2 enriched) breast cancer cells. C1, C3 and C7 induced cell death and suppressed the clonogenic potential of these cancer cells. Importantly, C1, C3 and C7 showed potentials to suppress cancer stem cells/mammosphere formation and cell migration ability of MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells. These complexes also induced cellular senescence in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells, thus suggesting a cell retardation mechanism. Similarly, these complexes induced DNA damage by activating p-H2AX expression and promoted autophagy via ATG3/LC3B axis activation in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells. Furthermore, these complexes decreased the expression of oncogenic proteins such as BCL2 and cylin-D1 those are involved in cancer cell survival and cell cycle progression. To further gain insight, we found that C1 and C7 targeted glycolytic pathways by regulating PKM and LDHA expression, which are involved in glycolysis. Moreover, C1 and C7 suppressed the formation of ATP production that is required for cancer cell growth. Taken together, the easy synthesis and biological assays results point towards the importance of these complexes in MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and SKBR3 (HER-2 enriched) breast cancer cells by targeting multiple signaling pathways those are considered important during breast cancer progression. This study produces bases for further deeper in vitro or in vivo study that could lead to the effective breast cancer agents which we are working on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
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Kritchenkov IS, Solomatina AI, Kozina DO, Porsev VV, Sokolov VV, Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Komarova AD, Shcheslavskiy VI, Belyaeva TN, Litvinov IK, Salova AV, Kornilova ES, Kachkin DV, Tunik SP. Biocompatible Ir(III) Complexes as Oxygen Sensors for Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:2898. [PMID: 34068190 PMCID: PMC8153025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of biocompatible near infrared phosphorescent complexes and their application in bioimaging as triplet oxygen sensors in live systems are still challenging areas of organometallic chemistry. We have designed and synthetized four novel iridium [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ complexes (N^C-benzothienyl-phenanthridine based cyclometalated ligand; N^N-pyridin-phenanthroimidazol diimine chelate), decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) groups to impart these emitters' solubility in aqueous media, biocompatibility, and to shield them from interaction with bio-environment. These substances were fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass-spectrometry. The complexes exhibited excitation close to the biological "window of transparency", NIR emission at 730 nm, and quantum yields up to 12% in water. The compounds with higher degree of the chromophore shielding possess low toxicity, bleaching stability, absence of sensitivity to variations of pH, serum, and complex concentrations. The properties of these probes as oxygen sensors for biological systems have been studied by using phosphorescence lifetime imaging experiments in different cell cultures. The results showed essential lifetime response onto variations in oxygen concentration (2.0-2.3 μs under normoxia and 2.8-3.0 μs under hypoxia conditions) in complete agreement with the calibration curves obtained "in cuvette". The data obtained indicate that these emitters can be used as semi-quantitative oxygen sensors in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S. Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sokolov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Maria M. Lukina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Anastasia D. Komarova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
- Becker&Hickl GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana N. Belyaeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Ilia K. Litvinov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Anna V. Salova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Elena S. Kornilova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, Khlopina Str. 11, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniel V. Kachkin
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
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Kozina DO, Shakirova JR, Galenko EE, Porsev VV, Gurzhiy VV, Khlebnikov AF, Tunik SP. Unusual Reactivity and Photophysical Properties of Platinum(II) Pincer Complexes Containing 6,6'‐Diphenyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Gurzhiy
- Institute of Earth Sciences St. Petersburg State University University emb. 7/9 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander F. Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
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Synthesis and physical property studies of cyclometalated Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with tridentate ligands containing pyrazole and pyridine groups. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Rahman FU, Ali A, Duong HQ, Khan IU, Bhatti MZ, Li ZT, Wang H, Zhang DW. ONS-donor ligand based Pt(II) complexes display extremely high anticancer potency through autophagic cell death pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:546-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Puttock EV, Fradgley JD, Yufit DS, Williams JAG. A family of readily synthesised phosphorescent platinum(ii) complexes based on tridentate N^N^O-coordinating Schiff-base ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15012-15028. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tridentate ligands, easily synthesised by condensation reactions of simple starting materials, can be used to prepare Pt(ii) complexes that are luminescent in solution, emitting in the red or deep-red spectral region, according to the substituents.
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12
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Liao JL, Rajakannu P, Liu SH, Lee GH, Chou PT, Jen AKY, Chi Y. Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Chromophoric Chelate: Phosphorescence Fine-Tuned by Phosphine and Hydride Ancillary. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8287-8298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Palanisamy Rajakannu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
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Red-emitting cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with imidazolyl phenanthrolines: Synthesis and photophysical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen D, Yang L, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Guo Z, Zhang LW. Automated contour analysis of multi-cellular spheroids spreading through high content imaging. Phys Biol 2018; 15:026006. [PMID: 29251623 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aaa27b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of 2D cell colonies has been studied to understand tumor metastasis in the past decades. However, 2D cell cultures are lacking many features of 3D tissues, and their physiological behaviors are quite different from solid tumors in vivo. In this work, we studied the multi-cellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) spreading on the substrate, which keeps parts of 3D tissue characteristics and facilitates cell tracking through 2D imaging. By using a high content imaging system (HCS), we tracked multiple spheroids in one single 96-well plate for 36 h. An automated algorithm based on Otsu's method was developed to investigate the morphological details of spheroids through the quantification of radius length and its coefficients of variation. Spheroid spreading is altered by the PIP-platin, which was a novel platinum based drug previously reported by us with an inhibitory effect on cell migration. All parameters showed dose dependent decreases when PIP-platin concentration increased, indicating the inhibition of spheroid expansion by this compound. To investigate the surface roughness of spheroids affected by the drug, we applied the Fourier parameter β and the normalized standard deviation of the radius STD r / [Formula: see text], which were found inversely proportional to the concentrations of PIP-platin. Particularly at the low drug concentrations, the indices of contour roughness appeared to be more sensitive than spheroid sizes, which could be the potential morphological markers for high content screening of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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15
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Li J, He X, Zou Y, Chen D, Yang L, Rao J, Chen H, Chan MCW, Li L, Guo Z, Zhang LW, Chen C. Mitochondria-targeted platinum(ii) complexes: dual inhibitory activities on tumor cell proliferation and migration/invasion via intracellular trafficking of β-catenin. Metallomics 2017; 9:726-733. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Turnbull G, Williams JAG, Kozhevnikov VN. Rigidly linking cyclometallated Ir(iii) and Pt(ii) centres: an efficient approach to strongly absorbing and highly phosphorescent red emitters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2729-2732. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Appending a cyclometallated platinum unit onto each of the three ligands of the archetypal fac-Ir(ppy)3 complex leads to a highly efficient red emitter with a short luminescence decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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17
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Hommes P, Reissig HU. Synthesis of highly functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines by cyclocondensation of β-ketoenamides - scope and limitations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1170-7. [PMID: 27559368 PMCID: PMC4979911 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of a flexible route to unsymmetrically functionalized bipyridines is described. Starting from 1,3-diketones 1a–e, the corresponding β-ketoenamines 2a–e were converted into different β-ketoenamides 3a–g by N-acylation with 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives. These β-ketoenamides were treated with a mixture of TMSOTf and Hünig’s base to promote the cyclocondensation to 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives. Their immediate O-nonaflation employing nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride provided the expected 4-nonafloxy-substituted bipyridine derivatives 5a–g in moderate to good overall yields. The bipyridyl nonaflates are excellent precursors for palladium-catalyzed reactions as demonstrated by representative Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings. Thus, a library of specifically substituted bipyridine derivatives was generated, showing the versatility of the simple 1,3-diketone-based approach to this important class of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hommes
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Chen J, Luo Z, Zhao Z, Xie L, Zheng W, Chen T. Cellular localization of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes determines their anticancer action mechanisms. Biomaterials 2015; 71:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Munz D, Allolio C, Meyer D, Micksch M, Roessner L, Strassner T. Oligoether substituted bis-NHC palladium and platinum complexes for aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and hydrosilylation. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are the mainstay of chemotherapy regimens in clinic. Nevertheless, the efficacy of platinum drugs is badly affected by serious systemic toxicities and drug resistance, and the pharmacokinetics of most platinum drugs is largely unknown. In recent years, a keen interest in functionalizing platinum complexes with bioactive molecules, targeting groups, photosensitizers, fluorophores, or nanomaterials has been sparked among chemical and biomedical researchers. The motivation for functionalization comes from some of the following demands: to improve the tumor selectivity or minimize the systemic toxicity of the drugs, to enhance the cellular accumulation of the drugs, to overcome the tumor resistance to the drugs, to visualize the drug molecules in vitro or in vivo, to achieve a synergistic anticancer effect between different therapeutic modalities, or to add extra functionality to the drugs. In this Account, we present different strategies being used for functionalizing platinum complexes, including conjugation with bisphosphonates, peptides, receptor-specific ligands, polymers, nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, metal chelators, or photosensitizers. Among them, bisphosphonates, peptides, and receptor-specific ligands are used for actively targeted drug delivery, polymers and nanoparticles are for passively targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents are for theranostic purposes, metal chelators are for the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and photosensitizers are for photodynamic therapy of cancers. The rationales behind these designs are explained and justified at the molecular or cellular level, associating with the requirements for diagnosis, therapy, and visualization of biological processes. To illustrate the wide range of opportunities and challenges that are emerging in this realm, representative examples of targeted drug delivery systems, anticancer conjugates, anticancer theranostic agents, and anti-AD compounds relevant to functionalized platinum complexes are provided. All the examples exhibit new potential of platinum complexes for future applications in biomedical areas. The emphases of this Account are placed on the functionalization for targeted drug delivery and theranostic agents. In the end, a general assessment of various strategies has been made according to their major shortcomings and defects. The original information in this Account comes entirely from literature appearing since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences,
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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21
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Tarran WA, Freeman GR, Murphy L, Benham AM, Kataky R, Williams JAG. Platinum(II) Complexes of N∧C∧N-Coordinating 1,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)benzene Ligands: Thiolate Coligands Lead to Strong Red Luminescence from Charge-Transfer States. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5738-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500555w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Adam M. Benham
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Ritu Kataky
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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