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Navarro M, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Campos J. Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11220-11235. [PMID: 36128973 PMCID: PMC9536487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the design of bimetallic cooperative complexes, which have emerged due to their potential for bond activation and catalysis, a feature widely exploited by nature in metalloenzymes, and also in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss the widespread opportunities derived from combining two metals in close proximity, ranging from systems containing multiple M-M bonds to others in which bimetallic cooperation occurs even in the absence of M⋯M interactions. The choice of metal pairs is crucial for the reactivity of the resulting complexes. In this context, we describe the prospects of combining not only transition metals but also those of the main group series, which offer additional avenues for cooperative pathways and reaction discovery. Emphasis is given to mechanisms by which bond activation occurs across bimetallic structures, which is ascribed to the precise synergy between the two metal atoms. The results discussed herein indicate a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate that bimetallic synergism will have an important impact in the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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2
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Ghorai S, Meena R, Joseph AP, Jemmis ED. Comparison of RNC Coupling and CO Coupling Mediated by Cr-Cr Quintuple Bond and B-B Multiple Bonds: Main Group Metallomimetics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7207-7216. [PMID: 34402622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of reductive coupling of isocyanide and CO mediated by a Cr-Cr quintuple bonded complex and B-B multiple bonded complexes shows how the difference in donor-acceptor capability of isocyanide and CO ligands controls the product distributions. In the case of CO, the Cr-Cr quintuple bonded complex is unable to show C-C coupling due to the high π- back bonding possibility of CO and the reaction follows the singlet potential energy surface throughout, whereas, in the case of isocyanide, less π- back bonding possibility allows the reactions to undergo a spin transition and gives a series of products with different spin multiplicities. Similarly, reactions of B-B multiple bonded complexes with CO and isocyanides are also controlled by donor-acceptor capabilities of ligands, and the C-C coupling takes place by changing the oxidation state of the boron centers from +I to +II, in contrast to the classical main group mediated reactions where stable oxidation states are always preserved. This part of the main group chemistry which is dominated by donor-acceptor bonding interaction is more likely to follow transition metal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ghorai
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Raghavendra Meena
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Anju P Joseph
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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3
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Ghorai S, Jemmis ED. DFT Study of C–C and C–N Coupling on a Quintuple-Bonded Cr2 Template: MECP (Minimum Energy Crossing Point) Barriers Control Product Distribution. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Ghorai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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4
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Noor A, Qayyum S, Schwarz S, Dietel T, Kempe R. Formation of a dimeric tungsten(i) complex via C-H activation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1992-1996. [PMID: 31984990 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An aminopyridinato ligand stabilized and coordinatively unsaturated dimeric tungsten(0) complex having an electronic structure with six metal centred HOMOs (σ2,π2,π2,δ2,δ2, and δ*2) has been isolated and structurally characterized. Its reaction with a cryptand leads to a C-H bond activation of one of the isopropyl groups of the N-ligand to form a dimeric tungsten(i) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awal Noor
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. and Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Qayyum
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. and Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dietel
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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5
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Nakagaki M, Nakatani N, Sakaki S. How to understand very weak Cr-Cr double bonds and negative spin populations in trinuclear Cr complexes: theoretical insight. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22976-22989. [PMID: 31599298 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear Cr(ii) complex [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2] 1 (Hdpa = dipyridylamine) has two Cr-Cr double bonds linked with each other. DMRG-CASPT2 calculations reproduced its symmetrical structure. The Cr-Cr effective bond order (EBO) was evaluated to be only 0.59 based on the density matrix based on localized orbitals from DMRG-CASSCF orbitals. The CASCI calculations showed a significantly large α-spin population on the terminal Cr atoms as expected but a significantly large β-spin population on the central Cr atom against expectations. The very small EBO and the presence of a large β-spin population are not consistent with the simple understanding that 1 has two Cr-Cr double bonds and a quintet ground state, which requests correct understanding of 1 from the viewpoint of chemical bond theory. Comparison of 1 with the allene molecule and allyl radical disclosed that the linked Cr-Cr bonds of 1 resembled the C-C bond of the allyl radical but completely differed from the linked C-C double bonds of allene despite the similar molecular structure. Its N3 analogue [Cr3(dpa)4(N3)2] 2 has non-symmetrical structure with shorter Cr1-Cr2 and longer Cr2-Cr3 bonds unlike 1, indicating that 2 is a valence tautomer of 1. DMRG-CASPT2 could reproduce its non-symmetrical structure but DFT/B3PW91 could not. In 2, the EBO is 0.95 for the shorter Cr1-Cr2 bond and 0.47 for the longer Cr2-Cr3 one. The terminal Cr3 has a very large α spin population, and the other terminal Cr1 has a somewhat large α spin population, but the central Cr2 has a considerably large β spin population. These results indicate that the Cr1-Cr2 bond conjugates with the Cr2-Cr3 bond, which is inconsistent with the simple understanding that 2 has a quadruple bond between Cr1 and Cr2 and no bond between Cr2 and Cr3. The symmetrical structure has a stronger Cr-X coordinate bond (X = Cl or N3) but less stable Cr3 core than does the non-symmetrical one. The relative stabilities of the symmetrical and the non-symmetrical structures are determined by the balance between stabilization energies from the Cr3 core and the Cr-X coordinate bond. All these findings show that electronic structures and Cr-Cr bonds of 1 and 2 are interesting from the viewpoint of molecular science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakagaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
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Yen C, Lin Y, Hsueh H, Shieh Y, Wu P, Kuo T, Tsai Y. Chromium to chromium quintuple bonds in a trigonal lantern configuration. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Hsu Yen
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Deng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Wen Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yun‐Jen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Fang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Shen Kuo
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
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7
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Bartholomew AK, Juda CE, Nessralla JN, Lin B, Wang SG, Chen YS, Betley TA. Ligand-Based Control of Single-Site vs. Multi-Site Reactivity by a Trichromium Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5687-5691. [PMID: 30828957 PMCID: PMC6494472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The trichromium cluster (tbs L)Cr3 (thf) ([tbs L]6- =[1,3,5-C6 H9 (NC6 H4 -o-NSit BuMe2 )3 ]6- ) exhibits steric- and solvation-controlled reactivity with organic azides to form three distinct products: reaction of (tbs L)Cr3 (thf) with benzyl azide forms a symmetrized bridging imido complex (tbs L)Cr3 (μ3 -NBn); reaction with mesityl azide in benzene affords a terminally bound imido complex (tbs L)Cr3 (μ1 -NMes); whereas the reaction with mesityl azide in THF leads to terminal N-atom excision from the azide to yield the nitride complex (tbs L)Cr3 (μ3 -N). The reactivity of this complex demonstrates the ability of the cluster-templating ligand to produce a well-defined polynuclear transition metal cluster that can access distinct single-site and cooperative reactivity controlled by either substrate steric demands or reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristin E. Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Jonathon N. Nessralla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - SuYin Grass Wang
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60429 (USA)
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60429 (USA)
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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8
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Bartholomew AK, Juda CE, Nessralla JN, Lin B, Wang SG, Chen Y, Betley TA. Ligand‐Based Control of Single‐Site vs. Multi‐Site Reactivity by a Trichromium Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristin E. Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | | | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - SuYin Grass Wang
- ChemMatCARS Beamline The University of Chicago Advanced Photon Source Argonne IL 60429 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS Beamline The University of Chicago Advanced Photon Source Argonne IL 60429 USA
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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9
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Tong WY, Zhao TT, Zhao XF, Wang X, Wu YB, Yuan C. Neutral nano-polygons with ultrashort Be–Be distances. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15802-15809. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03322j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations revealed that neutral polygons (E-Be2H3)n are the viable targets for realizing ultrashort metal–metal distances between main group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Tao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
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10
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Curado N, Carrasco M, Campos J, Maya C, Rodríguez A, Ruiz E, Álvarez S, Carmona E. An Unsaturated Four-Coordinate Dimethyl Dimolybdenum Complex with a Molybdenum-Molybdenum Quadruple Bond. Chemistry 2016; 23:194-205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Curado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Mario Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Amor Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santiago Álvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla; Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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12
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Harisomayajula NVS, Chen HG, Kuo TS, Tsai YC. Reductive Cleavage of Acyl Halides to Carboxylato Alkylidyne Complexes from Their Reactions with the Quintuply Bonded Dimolybdenum Amidinate. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Satyachand Harisomayajula
- Department
of Chemistry and Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Han-Gung Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry and Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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13
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Hu H, Hu H, Zhao B, Cui P, Cheng P, Li J. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) of a Cubic Metal Cluster with Multicentered Mn
I
Mn
I
Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11681-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan‐Cheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071 (China)
| | - Han‐Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071 (China)
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071 (China)
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071 (China)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
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14
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Hu HC, Hu HS, Zhao B, Cui P, Cheng P, Li J. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) of a Cubic Metal Cluster with Multicentered MnIMnIBonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Lu DY, Chen PPY, Kuo TS, Tsai YC. The MoMo Quintuple Bond as a Ligand to Stabilize Transition-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9106-10. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lu DY, Chen PPY, Kuo TS, Tsai YC. The MoMo Quintuple Bond as a Ligand to Stabilize Transition-Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Samuel PP, Neufeld R, Chandra Mondal K, Roesky HW, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Rojisha VC, De S, Parameswaran P, Stückl AC, Kaim W, Christian JH, Bindra JK, Dalal NS. Cr(i)Cl as well as Cr + are stabilised between two cyclic alkyl amino carbenes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3148-3153. [PMID: 28706686 PMCID: PMC5490427 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes with two and three coordinate chromium(i).
Cr(i)Cl is a very unstable species. The present work describes the stabilisation of Cr(i)Cl in the low coordinate environment of cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene ligands and its synthetic application to yield an unprecedented cationic complex with a two coordinate Cr(i). One electron reduction of (cAAC)2CrCl2 (1) with equivalent amount of KC8 results in the formation of (cAAC)2CrCl (2), with a distorted trigonal planar configuration at the metal centre. SQUID, EPR and theoretical studies reveal a Cr(i) centre with S = 5/2 spin ground state for 2. It represents the first example of a mononuclear Cr complex showing slow relaxation of magnetisation under an applied magnetic field. The chlorine atom in 2 is expected to be prone to further reactions with appropriate reagents. This qualifies 2 as a promising precursor for the preparation of various interesting complexes with Cr(i) in a low coordinate environment. The first example of this metathesis reaction is observed when 2 is treated with Na[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] resulting in [(cAAC)2Cr]+[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4]–, a linear cationic complex with two coordinate Cr(i) and an S = 5/2 spin ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinson P Samuel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Vallyanga Chalil Rojisha
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Calicut , 673601 , Kerala , India . ; Tel: +91-495-228-5304
| | - A Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 , Göttingen , Germany . ; ; ; , +49-551-39-33063 ; Tel: +49-551-39-33001, +49-551-39-33000, +49-551-39-33012
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , D-70569 , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jonathan H Christian
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398
| | - Jasleen K Bindra
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398
| | - Naresh S Dalal
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306-4930 , USA . ; ; Tel: +1-850-644-3398.,National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 , USA
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18
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Noor A, Schwarz S, Kempe R. Low-Valent Aminopyridinato Chromium Methyl Complexes via Reductive Alkylation and via Oxidative Addition of Iodomethane by a Cr–Cr Quintuple Bond. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awal Noor
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie II (Catalyst Design), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie II (Catalyst Design), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie II (Catalyst Design), Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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19
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20
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Nair AK, Harisomayajula NS, Tsai YC. The lengths of the metal-to-metal quintuple bonds and reactivity thereof. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Activity of Mo–Mo and Mo–P multiple bonds at the phosphinidene complex [Mo2Cp2{μ-P(2,4,6-C6H2Bu3)}(μ-CO)2] in reactions with isocyanides and phosphine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Noor A, Sobgwi Tamne E, Oelkers B, Bauer T, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Heinemann FW, Kempe R. From chromium-chromium quintuple bonds to molecular squares and porous coordination polymers. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12283-8. [PMID: 25384210 DOI: 10.1021/ic501400n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the quintuply bonded chromium(I) dimer [ApCrCrAp] (Ap = sterically demanding 2-aminopyridinate) with pyrazine yields a chromium(II) complex with a η(4):η(4) face-on coordinated pyrazine dianion. Reaction with 4,4'-bipyridine, on the other hand, completely cleaves the metal-metal bond, leading to a chromium(II)-based molecular square. XRD and magnetic measurements show ligand radical anions and a ferrimagnetic alignment of alternating metal and ligand magnetic moments. Controlled polymerization of the molecular square with pyrazine yields a porous coordination polymer featuring both reduced and nonreduced linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awal Noor
- Lehrstuhl Anorganische Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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23
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Alzamly A, Gorelsky SI, Gambarotta S, Korobkov I, Le Roy J, Murugesu M. Chromium–Chromium Interaction in a Binuclear Mixed-Valent CrI–CrII Complex. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11492-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501404v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Serge I. Gorelsky
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandro Gambarotta
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jennifer Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Noor A, Qayyum S, Bauer T, Schwarz S, Weber B, Kempe R. CO2and SO2activation by a Cr–Cr quintuple bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13127-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Shen J, Yap GPA, Barker IV WE, Geiger WE, Theopold KH. An electron transfer series of octahedral chromium complexes containing a redox non-innocent α-diimine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10626-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Alzamly A, Gambarotta S, Korobkov I, Murugesu M, Le Roy JJH, Budzelaar PHM. Isolation of a hexanuclear chromium cluster with a tetrahedral hydridic core and its catalytic behavior for ethylene oligomerization. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6073-81. [PMID: 24874446 DOI: 10.1021/ic500445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A chromium complex [2-(NHCH2PPh2)C5H4N]CrCl3·THF2 (1) of the ligand PyNHCH2PPh2 has been synthesized, characterized, and examined for its catalytic behavior toward ethylene oligomerization. When complex 1 was treated with (i-Bu)3Al, an unprecedented divalent polyhydride chromium cluster μ,κ(1),κ(2),κ(3)-N,N,P-{[2-(NCH2PPh2)C5H4N]Cr(μ-H)}4[(μ-Cl)Cr(μ-Cl)Al(i-Bu)2Cl]2 (2) was obtained. The complex contains a Cr4H4 core, which is expected to be diamagnetic, and which remains coordinated to two additional divalent high-spin Cr atoms via bridging interactions. Two aluminate residues remain bonded to the peripheral chromium atoms. The structure, magnetism, and electronic configuration are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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27
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Shen J, Yap GPA, Theopold KH. Chromium Mediated Reductive Coupling of Isonitrile Forms Unusual Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3382-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501291p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Shen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Klaus H. Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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