Computational investigations of click-derived 1,2,3-triazoles as keystone ligands for complexation with transition metals: a review

In recent years, metal complexes of organo 1,2,3-triazole click-derived ligands have attracted significant attention as catalysts in many chemical transformations and also as biological and pharmaceutical active agents. Regarding the important applications of these metal-organo 1,2,3-triazole-based complexes, in this review, we focused on the recently reported investigations of the structural, electronic, and spectroscopic aspects of the complexation process in transition metal complexes of 1,2,3-triazole-based click ligands. In line with this, the coordination properties of these triazole-based click ligands with transition metals were studied via several quantum chemistry calculations. Moreover, considering the complexation process, we have presented comparative discussions between the computational results and the available experimental data.

Functional metallosupramolecular architectures using 1,2,3-triazole ligands: it's as easy as 1,2,3 “click”

Self-assembled metallosupramolecular architectures generated using “click” ligands have become an increasingly popular area of inorganic chemistry.

Hybrid 1,2,3-Triazole Supported CuII Complexes: Tuning Assembly and Weak Interaction-Driven Crystal Growth

Two new dinuclear CuII complexes [Cu2Cl4(L1)2] (1) and [Cu2Cl4(L2)2] (2) (L1 = 2-((4-(2-(cyclopentylthio)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridine; L2 = 2-((4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile) were synthesised and characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and IR measurements. The picolyl-triazole ligand L1 coordinates in a chelate-bridging mode forming a dinuclear structure 1. The more rigid pyridyl-triazole ligand L2 chelates only, generating a chloride-bridged dinuclear complex 2. Both crystals of complexes 1 and 2 show dominant plate shapes that correlate with weak 2D H-bonding interactions in the lattice. A mononuclear structure (3, [CuCl2(L3)2]⋅6H2O, L3 = 3-((4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile) yields block shape crystals that correlate with 3D H-bonding interactions. This study demonstrates tunable assembly at the molecular level and the relationship of crystal shape with weak lattice interactions.

Novel MII (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Coordination Assemblies Based on 2-(((1-(Pyridin-n-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)pyridine Ligands

Three novel 1D coordination polymers [M(L1)2(OH2)2(ClO4)2]n (M = Mn (1), Co (2)) and [Ni(L1)2(OH2)2(NO3)2]n (3), and two mononuclear complexes [Fe(L2)2(MeOH)2(ClO4)2] (4) and [Co(L2)2(OH2)2(ClO4)2] (5) were prepared from 2-(((1-(pyridin-n-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)pyridine ligands (n = 4 (L1), and 2 (L2)). The complexes 1–5 were characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared, and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry analyses. The complexes 1–5 showed good purity and thermal stability. The structural outcome of 1–3 is driven by the double and open-bridging coordination mode preference of the spacer L1 which favours the formation of polymeric 18-member metallomacrocycles. Use of an isomeric L2 with different picolyl nitrogen orientation, which favours chelate formation, resulted in mononuclear complexes 4 and 5. This work demonstrates a simple but powerful spacer-directed strategy to define and construct coordination frameworks tuned by different metal characters and hybrid 1,2,3-triazoles.

Luminescent [Cu4I4] aggregates and [Cu3I3]-cyclic coordination polymers supported by quinolyl-triazoles

A series of quinolyl-1,2,3-triazole supported luminescent [Cu₄I₄] aggregates and six-membered [Cu₃I₃]-cyclic coordination polymers.

A facile one-step synthesis of star-shaped alkynyl carbonates from CO2

The synthesis of new star-shaped compounds containing three or six pendant carbonates with terminal alkynes at 1 atm CO₂ and room temperature.

Assembly of photoluminescent [CunIn] (n = 4, 6 and 8) clusters by clickable hybrid [N,S] ligands

The controlled growth of luminescent copper(i)-iodide clusters has been achieved by tuning the structure of hybrid NS ligands using click chemistry.

Five Cu(i) and Zn(ii) clusters and coordination polymers of 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazoles: synthesis, structures and luminescence properties

2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazoles with flexible substituents demonstrate rare coordination modes and support new luminescent clusters and coordination polymers.